ES2638715B1 - Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices - Google Patents

Abstract

Air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices. # Consists of the deployment of a network of devices, incorporated in fixed or mobile points (vehicles), with sensors to measure environmental parameters such as NO { sub, 2}, O {sub, 3} or CO whose information is sent using ZigBee wireless technology. In this way it is possible to know the state of environmental health in municipalities or at interurban points (depending on the scope of the network) in real time through maps with quantitative levels, at the different points where the final devices, or associated qualitative ones are located via just having an application on your Smartphone or accessing the web application through a link, which, for example, can be located on the client's website.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices.

Technical sector

The scientific area to which the invention corresponds is that of Environmental Technology, energy efficiency and telecommunications. The invention is directed to the measurement of Air Quality in specific sectors such as: industry, construction, transport, agriculture and livestock or the residential, commercial and institutional sector to meet the Air Quality and Protection sector plans of the Atmosphere.

According to the European Commission, in order to fulfill the mandate established in the Sixth Environmental Action Program, it is set the objective "to reach air quality levels that do not give rise to significant negative risks or effects on human health or the environment" Therefore , the invention is possible to apply in all types of spaces, especially in cities, protected areas or points where air pollution is high due to the presence of a concentration of industrial activity and is of special interest to different government agencies. In this way it is possible to apply it to carry out environmental surveillance by deploying a network of devices or including them in drones. It is also applicable to private entities to control their own emissions to comply with current regulations.

Background of the invention

The following documents have been analyzed to determine the state of the art of air quality measurement systems.

US 2004/0050188 A1: The invention consists of a portable device to incorporate a sensor that can be up to a camera and sends the data via PCMCIA, an already outdated technology, also depending on a nearby Ethernet or WiFi network. Add the option to save the collected data for later dumping on a computer.

The following inventions contained in documents US 7302313B2, US 2013/0278427 A1 and CN 203949696 U incorporate sensors and send the data wirelessly, but the technology used is point to point via GSM / GPRS broadband networks or via bluetooth to computers or bluetooth communicating with the phone for later hosting on the data server.

WO / 2009/114626 A3 describes an invention, similar to the previous ones because it uses wireless technology. However, it provides a server scheme for real-time data visualization valid although with an architecture different from the proposed invention.

W0 / 2002/041095 A1 proposes a system to monitor and adjust indoor air quality and minimize the cost of air conditioning. The proposal is executed through a local area network to communicate the system with the computer.

WO / 2016/005805 proposes a card to insert several sensors of different types and, like our invention, uses ZigBee technology to transmit the data through a mesh network. However, its use is different since it focuses on a

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alarm system to alert workers who are working in spaces with adverse working conditions.

Explanation of the invention.

The invention consists in the deployment of a network of sensors to measure environmental parameters by means of the design and development of compact air quality telemetry devices incorporated in mobile or fixed points.

The compact telemetry devices used were originally given the name of USAB (whose acronym stands for Sensory Unit Adapted to the Bicycle) because its development has taken place as a result of the ECOBICI project. Subsequently it has been shown that these devices are applicable by coupling them to any mobile physical medium and of course to any fixed element. Each of these devices constitutes the end in the wireless network and transmits the information of the sensors that it incorporates with the temporary frequency that is considered opportune (in the official tests it was fixed in 10 seconds) From now on, in this memory they will be called these devices as end devices.

The network incorporates a device called coordinator that is responsible for receiving all the data packets sent by the end devices and transmitting them to the WEB server using Wifi technology or via Ethernet for later accommodation in it.

The aforementioned network is complemented by serial repeaters, responsible for ensuring that said data arrives from the final devices to the coordinator in real time even when there is no direct visibility between the final devices and the coordinator.

The web server scheme has been properly designed to adapt or share the information generated optimally in any client viewing system or database.

To this end, the structure has been divided into three instances: one for the database server, another for the web application (web API) and the last one for the server where web services and algorithms for data connection with the maps.

As above:

- The program that integrates all the information collected by the final devices is hosted in the WEB services. This ensures that all the information is treated in a single point Simplifying the Android application.

- The information is stored in the special database server created for this purpose.

- Through another WEB server, web services are consulted to obtain the information to be displayed on the maps and reports created for it.

Finally, the user may have access to the information through a WEB application (WEB API) or a mobile application (APP) developed for this purpose.

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Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1: Partial scheme of the air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices The following is distinguished:

D1 to Dn: Final devices.

R1 to Rn: Repeaters

C: Coordinator

S: Server

Figure 2: Complete scheme of the air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The necessary steps for the implementation of the invention, assuming that there are several compact devices present in the system, are:

1. Manufacture of printed circuit boards.

2. Assembly of the components by welding on the printed circuit boards.

3. Test of each of the final devices to check their operation.

4. Configuration of each USAB device that entails:

• Preload of the USAB code in microcontroller.

• Wireless device configuration with the appropriate parameters for its introduction in the mesh network to be formed.

5. Configuration of the coordinating device that entails:

• Preload of the code Coordinator in microcontroller.

• Wireless device configuration with the appropriate parameters for its introduction in the mesh network to be formed.

6. Wireless device configuration of signal repeaters for introduction into the network.

7. Communication test of each of the final devices with the coordinator to check the correct transmission and reception of the data packets.

8. Encapsulated end devices.

9. Installation of the different devices in the locations designated in the corresponding project.

10. Commissioning of the device network.

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11. Opening of the Web Platform created for this purpose for the visualization of real-time data.

Final devices

Each compact air quality telemetry device referred to herein as the final device is composed of a sealed housing that incorporates at least one device to be fixed in any fixed or mobile location. For use on the bicycle, the carcass incorporates at least as a means of clamping a crab-type clamp with a clip, in addition to an opening for a Jack-type connector for connecting the device to the battery of the pedaling assistance bicycle. It can also be used in any medium that has a battery to adapt to allow its operation autonomously.

Inside they incorporate a global positioning system (GPS), wireless transmission module microcontroller with ZigBee protocol and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (# 2) and ozone (O3) sensors. They can incorporate another type of sensors in substitution of the previous ones like: SO2, PM10 particles or temperature and humidity It transmits the values of the environmental parameters collected in real time together with the position where they are captured, by means of the deployment of a network of wireless devices operating at Free frequencies of 433MHz, 868MHz. 2.4GHz and 5GHz towards a device called coordinator that is responsible for uploading the information to a web server, for which a mesh network of the devices is configured to input the data to a web server.

The main advantages of this device are its small size, the reduced energy consumption and the visualization of the data captured in real time. Thanks to this, they can be incorporated into various types of locations, including transport such as drains, bicycles or public transport, among others.

It also presents a global positioning system that allows immediate location of the device.

The technology used for wireless data transmission is current and is being widely implemented since it uses the ZigBee transmission protocol that is used in solutions for SmartCities.

The code used to program the ATMEL microcontroller has been processing which is a wiring-based programming language. This type of microcontrollers can be preloaded with a bootloader or bootloader that allows this code to be charged using an adapter connected to the USB port of the PC.

ZigBee network configuration

The different compact air quality telemetry devices used by the system are deployed following a mesh network where there are two types of devices in addition to the final devices, as shown in the figure shown below: repeaters and a coordinator.

This is a modular and scalable solution, easy to adapt if the number of end devices increases in a city. The repeaters are strategically placed to ensure that the data arrives from the final devices to the coordinator in those cases where there is no direct visibility between them. To do this, both the

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Coordinator as repeaters are provided with the wireless technology used in the network with ZigBee protocol for data communication.

The coordinator contains a microcontroller properly programmed to receive the data from the network and then send it to the web server using WiFi and Ethernet technology.

The end devices uniquely send the sensor values along with the time, the position where these values are captured, and the physical address of the device to the coordinator. This communication can be done directly if it is within range or through repeaters. The coordinator is the one in charge of intelligently managing the route of the packages and receiving all the data for later sending to the WEB server.

The web server

The web server scheme has been properly designed to adapt or share the information generated optimally in any client viewing system or database. For this, the structure was divided into three instances: one for the database server, another for the web application (web API) and the last one with the server where the web services and algorithms for the data connection with the data are implemented. maps The different technologies selected for its development have been:

• REST (Representational State Transfer) has been chosen for the development of the web application (web API). REST is a type of web architecture that relies fully on the HTTP REST standard to create services and applications that can be used by any device or client that understands HTIP, so it is simpler and more conventional than other alternatives that have been used in the last ten years as SOAP and XML-RPC. We could consider REST as a "Framework" to build web applications respecting HTTP.

• NET development platform since it offers optimal tools to carry out product development and team management in real time. One of its most important characteristics is that it integrates common infrastructure for different developments and its release is common to all languages.

• SQL Server for the base of satosdado that presents the following advantages:

• Ease of integration with Entity Framework, a system that we will use from our web services for the mapping of the database.

• Scalability and easy operability from Amazon RDS (Amazon Relational Database Service).

• Possibility of creating periodic executions with the SQL Agent.

• Possibility to analyze queries or database performance (SQL profiler).

• Possibility of spatial indexing, to improve the queries that depend on tables with geographical fields.

• Provides a series of functions for the treatment of geographic data sufficient for our functionality.

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• It has a geographic data migration tool. Thus we can treat the shp of origin of the Andalusian bike lanes and include them in our database.

• Gmaps for the development of the GIS system with shapes or layers that are added on the maps. This is the most viable option, since they carry out the updating of maps with great periodicity and the users are more familiar with them. It also has a large community of developers that facilitate any doubt about its operation.

Calculation of air quality index

The Ministry of Environment and Land Management of the Junta de Andalucía performs the calculation of air quality indices following the limit values of European regulations. On the same page of newspaper reports of the sampling stations of the Ministry show the criteria to consider for the calculation of partial air quality indices and global. In each station an individual index is calculated for each pollutant, known as a partial index and from the partial indices the global index is obtained that coincides with the partial index of the pollutant that has the worst behavior.

In our case, this criterion will be applied in the traces into which we have divided the lanes for the visualization of the same as we will explain in the following section and a series of algorithms of coding of values have been developed attending to their visualization according to a range of colors. Each trace will have a global index of associated air quality.

With respect to suspended particles, Royal Decree 102/2011, dated January 28, regarding the improvement of air quality, establishes limit values applicable to anthropogenic suspended particles. The qualitative values are shown below according to the range of partial index values.

 Index Value

 Air quality Color

 0-50

 Good green

 51-100

 Admissible Loving

 101-150

 Bad red

 > 150

 Very bad Brown

The partial pollutant index is expressed according to the Environmental Protection Agency {EPA) according to the following calculation:

lo - Ifn - lio (Cp ~ BPLo) + ll0

BPh, -BPLo

where:

lp = partial index for the contaminant p

Cp = measured concentration for the contaminant p

BPHI = cut point greater than or equal to Cp

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BPLo = cut-off point less than or equal to Cp IHi = PSI value corresponding to BPHi ILo = PSI value corresponding to BPLo

The current valid range of variations of the parameter indices that interest us expressed in micrograms per cubic meter are:

'm1

 Cei air quality

 NOj_ O index value? CO

 Good

 0-50 0-100 0-60 0-5000

 Admissible

 51-100 100-200 60-120 5000-10000

 Maa

 101-150 200-300 120-180 10000-15000

 Very bad

 > 150> 300> 180> 15000

The sensors of the USAB device have been configured to send the values in part per billion (ppb), which is a unit usually used to assess the volume of a gas per billion units of air volume.

To establish their qualitative value, we convert from ’gg / m3 'to‘ ppb' being:

M V (utm, Ta)

Nppb ~ m ** M

where M is the molecular mass of the gas in question and V (atm, Ta) the volume of one mole of the gas at a given atmospheric pressure and temperature in Kelvin. The mass of the parameters to be measured is the following:

* MnCW = 46.01 g / mol; Mcc ^ S.Ol g / mol, M33 = 48 g / mol

And from the relation "PV = nRT" we obtain the volume, where: n = moles of gas; P = absolute pressure; V = Volume of gas; T = absolute temperature; R = Universal constant of ideal gases (R = 0.08205746).

RT (273 + 20) Kelvin

V = - = 0 082 ---------—---------- = 24.04 liters

P 1 atm

Substituting in the first formula we obtain the limit values in 'ppb' of those for meters

image 1

 Kind

 Air quality N02 (ppb) 03 (ppb) CO (ppb) Color

 Good

 0-50 0-52 0-30 0-4291 Green

 Admissible

 51-100 52-104 30-60 4291-8583 Yellow

 Bad

 101-150 104-156 60-90 8583-12874 Roio ^

 Very bad

 > 150> 156> 90> 12874 Brown

Claims (10)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 1. Air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices comprising: a) One or more compact air quality telemetry devices, called final devices, each consisting of a sealed housing that incorporates at least one device to be fixed in any fixed or mobile location, inside which the following electronic elements that are part of the device. • A global positioning system (GPS). • A microcontroller. • A wireless transmission module with ZigBee protocol. • Carbon monoxide sensor. • Carbon dioxide sensor. • Ozone sensor. • Input to the device through Jack connector. b) A Coordinating device composed of a printed circuit board equipped with: • A wireless transmission / reception module with ZigBee protocol. • A microcontroller. • WiFi and Ethernet technology. c) One or more repeater devices composed of: • A wireless transmission / reception module with ZigBee protocol. d) A web server, consisting of three instances. 2. Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices, according to claim 1, characterized in that the end devices transmit the values of the environmental parameters collected in real time together with the position where they are captured, by means of the deployment of a network of wireless devices operating at free frequencies of 433MHz, 868MHz, 2.4GHz and 5GHz. 3. Air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices, according to claim 2, characterized in that the ZigBee transmission protocol is used for wireless data transmission. 4. Air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices, according to claim 3, characterized in that the end devices transmit their data to a device called coordinator 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five which is responsible for uploading the information to a web server, for which a mesh network of the devices is configured to enter the data to a web server. 5. Air quality telemetry system for real-time visualization of a network of compact devices, according to claim 4, characterized in that to ensure that the data arrives from the final devices to the Coordinator, repeaters are used whose number will be determined by the number of final devices to attend and should be placed in a fixed way in strategic sites. 6. Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices, according to claim 5, characterized in that the end devices uniquely send the sensor values together with the time, the position where they are captured said values and the physical address of the device towards the coordinator. 7. Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices, according to claim 1, characterized in that the code used to program the microcontroller of ATMEL final devices has been processing. 8. Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices, according to claim 1, characterized in that the end device housing incorporates at least one clamp-type clamp with clip, in addition to an opening for Jack connector for the connection of the device to the battery of a bicycle for pedaling assistance or any battery that allows autonomous operation. 9. Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices, according to claim 1, characterized in that the instances of the server are one for the web application (web API), one for the implementation of web services and algorithms for connecting data with maps and another for the database server. 10. Air quality telemetry system for real-time display of a network of compact devices, according to claim 9, characterized in that the technologies in which it has been developed are: • REST (Representational State Transfer) for the development of the web application (web API). • NET development platform. • SQL Server for the satos base. • Gmaps for the development of the GIS system with shapes or layers that are added on the maps.