ES2636833A1 - Load limiter for telescopic work props (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Load limiter for telescopic construction struts comprising an upper sheet (21) and a lower sheet (22), with an intermediate slot (23) between them, wherein said an upper sheet (21) and a lower sheet (22) they are joined at their ends with two walls (24), and because the upper plate (21) comprises in its central part a support point (25) for the pin (14) so that the upper sheet (21) is deformable a limit load on said support point (25), until the upper plate (21) makes contact with lower plate (22). Thus, it is allowed to control the work load of the props, minimizing the risk of failure during the construction of buildings, even reducing the number of props used, improving the costs of the formwork. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Load limiter for telescopic props

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present patent application is a load limiter for telescopic props according to claim 1, which incorporates notable innovations and advantages.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present there is a need in the construction sector to optimize resources and improve safety during the construction of buildings and infrastructure in the field of civil engineering and architecture. The optimization of resources, both economic and material, as well as the improvement of security are, today, essential. It is noteworthy that, precisely, the construction phase of a building is the most critical. Thus, one of the most important causes of failure or collapse during this phase is the failure of the formwork used as a provisional structure for the construction of the final structure.

One of the most important elements of the formwork are the props. The struts are straight elements, generally of steel, that are responsible for transmitting the loads corresponding to a constructive operation, for example the concreting of an element, towards the foundation or definitive structures. These struts are generally telescopic elements, composed of different elements.

It is essential that, for each type of work, the loads received by the struts are known, and consequently the type and quantity of struts can be chosen, as well as the most economical construction process that allows it to be executed in totally safe conditions. In this sense, using a smaller amount of props in the construction produces, in addition to an economic saving, a saving of the material to be used and mobilized on site. The problem is that the loads that the struts assume can exceed the permissible load of them.

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Specifically, it is known from the state of the art, as reflected in EP2511449, means of irreversible indication and memorization of an overweight of the predetermined axial compression load (C) applied to a telescopic strut. In that situation the means are adapted to be deformed in a plastic way. This document contains two variants of such media:

In a first variant the crown-shaped device is placed between the bell, or adjustable support, and the pin. It contains a lower ring and an upper ring joined by vertical rods distributed on the periphery of the rings, and in turn keeping them apart when there is no overload. In case of a load greater than the predetermined one, the stems deform plastically producing the approach of the surfaces of the rings and, consequently, the shortening of the strut limiting the load.

In a second variant the device consists of a sleeve with a lower extremity disposed on the crown and an upper face with a housing for the pin. When the load exceeds the predetermined compression load value, the sleeve is plastically deformed so that the upper support face and the lower face of the sleeve approach each other. The pin housings deform axially in the direction of the load from a circular to an elongated shape.

However, it is important to note at this point that the vertical stems are deformed plastically by the buckling phenomenon, causing the ring surfaces to approach. The buckling phenomenon is a phenomenon of instability that causes the drastic discharge of the strut once this load is reached. Therefore, there is no ability to maintain the predetermined charge load once this charge is reached. Obviously, when buckling occurs in the development proposed in EP2511449 and not in the strut, the strut can be reused because it has not been broken, having to replace the device through the strut dismantling.

However, it is not only important to limit the load so that no strut is broken, but it is also important to keep the strut loaded to its load limit, and not be unloaded after

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Reach this load. In this way the strut continues to work in the support of the construction element that is being executed at the top of the struts.

It is also known in the state of the art, as reflected in document ES2294874, a device to facilitate the unloading of struts. Said device is placed between the upper surface of the nut and the pin. It comprises two annular bodies through which the upper shaft of the strut passes. It also includes an intermediate cradle of discharge arranged between both bodies coupled to each other by projections. By sliding the cradle perpendicularly to the strut, it causes the approach or withdrawal of said bodies in the direction of the strut axis and therefore modifies the distance between the nut and the pin. When the strut is operative the bodies are separated and there is a means of retention to block the position. When it is unlocked and the bodies are close, the strut is unloaded and is inoperative.

The purpose of this document is, however, different from the purpose of this report, as it is not about situations of overload, but simply of decoupling.

It is also known in the state of the art, as reflected in document ES2366967 T, a strut with a release mechanism for rapid removal of a telescopic strut. The decoupling mechanism comprises an annular piece, which is located between the crown of the nut and the pin. The upper part of the piece contains a double housing for the pin: an upper recess in the working position of the strut, and a lower recess in which the strut is shorter and therefore is unlocked. The passage from one situation to another is caused by a displacement of the piece when hitting it with a hammer in its push button part.

Thus, it is seen that there is still a need not yet covered to have a load limiting system that allows to control the workload of all struts, allowing a new constructive approach in the construction of structures, which entails a series of advantages competitive with the traditional construction system, such as minimizing the risk of failure during the construction of buildings, also optimizing the resources used to reduce the number of struts used in construction without exceeding the permissible loads.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention consists of a system of load limiters on struts. And in particular a metallic piece of standardized steel (load limiter) that is located in the strut, an element commonly used in the construction sector.

In order to limit the workload of the struts, it is necessary that these elements stop receiving load once the fixed load is exceeded. To achieve this objective, first of all, the behavior of the strut must be identical to the behavior that it will usually have, until it reaches its load defined limit by the load limiter, and subsequently, once this load has been reached a controlled descent of the limiter of load, and, consequently, a controlled descent of the strut, so that the construction element that is supported on the top of it stops transmitting a greater load. Consequently, this construction element will transmit greater load to the neighboring struts of the strut to which its load has been limited.

The scope of application of the load limiter is the field of civil engineering and architecture. The viability of this product is also considered for the construction of another type of structure that uses a formwork in its construction process: bridges, beams, buildings, attachments, etc. In the medium and long term, the concept of load limiter can be extended and adjusted to other sectors that may be interested in increasing the safety of different elements subject to high loads with respect to their admissible resistance, given the advantages of improving safety , by minimizing the failure of the construction against loads higher than those allowed by the struts, allowing to reduce the number of struts used, as well as these may have less resistant capacity.

Thus, and more specifically, the invention consists of a load limiter system for telescopic work struts, wherein the strut comprises a body, a rod, an adjustable support and a pin, wherein the load limiter comprises at least one upper plate and at least one lower plate, with an intermediate groove between them, wherein said at least one upper plate and at least one lower plate are joined at their ends with two walls, and where the upper plate comprises in its central part a support point for the pin so that the upper plate comprises at the junctions at its ends with the two walls, and at the support point for the pin, some

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plastic pens capable of deforming before a limit load on said point of support. Specify that adjustable support means a piece usually composed of a support element, or bell, and a regulation element, or thread, which allows adjusting the position between the body and the shaft.

In this way, the load limiter is placed between the pin and the bell of each strut, being responsible for the transmission of loads between the rod and the body of the strut, so that the behavior of the strut as a whole can be controlled , according to what is described below.

Upon reaching the limit load for which the load limiter is designed, three plastic pens are created. A plastic label in the center of the upper horizontal sheet and two in the vertical walls. This aspect causes the destabilization of the structural system and, thanks to the plastic behavior of the steel, allows the controlled descent of the central part of the upper horizontal sheet. Consequently, the structural system formed by the strut plus the load limiter, maintains the limit load for which this device is designed, achieving the objective pursued.

Once the upper horizontal plate of the load limiter contacts the lower horizontal plate, the strut assumes more load until its breakage occurs. During the loading progress, there has been an increase in displacement equal to the height of the gap between the two horizontal plates of the limiter, which has allowed the load of the most loaded struts to be distributed to the neighboring struts. In the case of reaching a total plasticization of the piece, at which time the two horizontal plates come into contact, this piece must be replaced by a new one since it is a non-recoverable piece. This is not a problem as it is a simple, low cost component.

The advantages derived from said load limiter for struts can be realized in the maintenance of a load level without being discharged, allowing the redistribution of load towards neighboring struts. Maintaining the load level while deforming, the controlled descent of the central part of the upper plate is possible.

Thus the proposed technical object refers to a load limiter for struts consisting of a metal piece of standardized steel that is placed between the pin and an adjustable support, specifically the bell, of a telescopic strut. When the strut reaches its

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limit load, said piece is plasticized allowing a controlled descent of the strut, so that the construction element resting on the upper part of the strut stops transmitting a greater load.

This device allows an exhaustive control of the behavior after reaching its limit load, to redistribute the remaining load to the neighboring struts through the construction element. Additionally, given the exhaustive control of the behavior of the load limiter, it can be designed for the desired limit load, either the design load of the strut on which it is to be installed or a lower load level.

In this regard, it should be pointed out that said exact control of the behavior after the design limit load of the limiter allows the whole shoring system of any construction to work together. And that given the exact control of the behavior after reaching the limit load, the design limit load of the load limiter can be chosen, either equal to or less than the design load of a strut provided that the joint behavior of the shoring system is adjusted to the demands and needs of the constructive elements that are being executed.

On the other hand, it should be noted that the height of the intermediate groove between the two horizontal plates establishes the limit of the plastic deformation of the load limiter and is defined according to the characteristics of the construction element being executed. It is through this characteristic that, first of all, it is possible to ensure the quality of the construction elements executed by not allowing them an excessive descent that could cause a failure in the service conditions of the structure. And secondly, increase the safety of the operators by avoiding a possible collapse of the structure during construction.

Thus, through the load limiter an exhaustive control of the strut behavior is achieved after reaching the limit load, maintaining said load and seeking the collaboration of neighboring struts in the support of the construction element being executed. All this with the additional objective of also ensuring the quality of the construction elements executed. This results in a competitive advantage in terms of safety, construction quality and costs, and all through a reduced cost element that is easy to manufacture.

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More specifically, the upper plate and / or the lower plate are shaped like a disk sector. In this way it adapts better to the tubular shape, and round in section of the strut.

According to one aspect of the invention, the load limiter comprises at least two sets of upper plate and lower plate, intermediate groove and walls, located symmetrically on both sides of the strut shaft. In this way the pin support occurs on both sides, and symmetrically, avoiding an imbalance.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least two sets are joined by elastic means capable of opening and / or closing. In this way, these two sets are linked in such a way that they are held together, while being elastically joined, allows a certain maneuver when placing the piece in its position, and allowing the channel to pass between the two sets .

Advantageously, the elastic means are at least one wire. This allows the placement of load limiters without disassembling the strut, an aspect that makes its placement very simple, since said wire has an elastic component.

According to another aspect of the invention, the support point for the pin of the upper plate comprises a groove intended to accommodate said pin. In this way, with the pin housed in this slit, the definitive position of the load limiter is fixed and it is prevented from turning when performing the movement of tightening the struts with the thread.

Additionally, the groove has a shape substantially similar to that of the pin, in order to accommodate it stably.

Advantageously, the shape of the groove is substantially cylindrical, to accommodate said pin, substantially in said shape. In this way the pin is placed in the center of the portico-like structure that forms the load limiter, ensuring its correct operation to flex.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the width of the upper plate and / or the lower plate is at most the difference between the perimeter of the adjustable support and the perimeter of the channel, so that the load limiter is stably supported by its entire surface on the adjustable support.

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According to another aspect of the invention, the thickness of the upper plate is at least 4 mm, said minimum thickness having been experimentally determined as being adequate when complying with the requirements for said load limiter.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the thickness of the intermediate groove is between 1 and 3 mm, said minimum thickness having been determined experimentally to meet the requirements for said load limiter. Highlight that the height of the intermediate groove, or hollow, that is between the two horizontal plates is a safety measure. As mentioned, this piece is capable of reaching its limit load while maintaining its limit load while descending. The maximum height of descent allowed corresponds to the height of the hole, and is chosen based on the maximum additional deformation that can be allowed in a construction element due to limiting the load that a strut can absorb. In the case of exhausting the maximum established height, and therefore the upper horizontal plate touches the lower horizontal plate, the strut behavior would return to its usual behavior until its breakage. It implies, therefore, an additional safety measure to avoid excessive deformations in the floor due to the presence of the load limiter.

Preferably, the thickness of the lower plate is at least 2mm, said minimum thickness having been determined experimentally as adequate when complying with the requirements for said load limiter. Note that the thickness of the lower and upper horizontal metal sheet, as well as the thickness of the walls is defined by the limit load at which the load limiter is designed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the upper, lower sheet and the walls is such that the limit load is at least 7.5 KN, the load limiter being able to deform while maintaining said load level.

More particularly, in the preferred embodiment, the material is standardized steel of the group of steels 235, 275, 355, 420, or higher, said type of steel having been experimentally determined as being adequate when complying with the requirements for said limiter loading The quality of standardized steel is defined by the limit load at which the load limiter is intended to be designed.

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The object of the present invention is also a telescopic work prop comprising a load limiter located between the pin and the adjustable support, so that the load limiter transmits the loads between the shaft and the body of the prop.

The series of competitive advantages involved in the use of load limiters in struts with respect to the traditional construction system would be an increase in safety and construction quality, and a reduction in costs. The increase in safety and construction quality will be due to a reduction in maximum loads, keeping the load of each strut under control and the deformation or formation of cracks in the construction element. Also, on the other hand, avoiding buckling and / or breakage of any strut. The reduction of costs will come from the fact that struts of less resistant capacity can be used, even in those works where currently they cannot be used due to the provision of having too high loads. For example, the loads on the struts can be reduced from 25 kN to 15 kN while maintaining the safety and service conditions of the structure. It is also feasible to reduce the number of struts without exceeding their permissible workload.

The attached drawings show, by way of non-limiting example, a load limiter for telescopic work props, constituted in accordance with the invention. Other features and advantages of said load limiter for telescopic work struts, object of the present invention, will be apparent from the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the drawings which are accompanied, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1.- It is a general view of a telescopic work prop, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2.- It is a perspective perspective view of a telescopic strut of work without load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 3.- It is a perspective view of a load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 4.- It is a detail view of a telescopic work prop with load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

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Figure 5.- It is another detail view of a telescopic work prop with load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 6.- It is a schematic view of the plastic tags that originate from the load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 7.- It is a perspective view of the load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 8.- It is a perspective view of the laboratory test of a load limiter, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 9.- It is a view of a graph of the load in relation to the displacement that occurs in a load limiter, at the load points according to Figure 6, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 10.- It is a perspective view of a building under construction including telescopic work props, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 11A.- It is a plan view of a load diagram on the respective telescopic work struts, without the inclusion of load limiters, in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 11B.- It is a plan view of a load diagram on the respective telescopic work struts, with the inclusion of load limiters, in accordance with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In view of the aforementioned figures and, according to the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.

Mention, by way of illustration, that a design of experiments and a numerical simulation with the help of Statgraphics and ANSYS have been carried out for the specific case of the load limiter: the requirements for the load limiter have been established, depending on the type of strut in which it was going to be installed and the design load is loaded, a series of experiments were carried out.

Once the load limiter has been manufactured, both characterization tests of said load limiter have been carried out, as well as tests on struts with said limiter, checking its

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correct operation Figures 8 and 9 show the tests performed, as! as the actual behavior of the load limiter in a load-displacement graph.

As can be seen in the load-displacement graph, when the load reaches the limit load set in the design of the part, the load limiter is able to deform while maintaining the load level, an aspect required as mentioned above.

In addition to the load limiter test for its characterization and behavior in isolated struts, this behavior has been verified by numerical simulation in the construction of a building in height. In figure 10 you can see the building under construction during the concreting of the second floor and the simulation of the building in this construction operation.

Figures 11A and 11B show the loads received by the struts of the ground floor when the second floor has been concreted, without a load limiter and with a load limiter. The shaded area indicates the area in which the struts work at their maximum load, and allowing the redistribution of the remaining load to be received by a strut without load limiter through the slabs to the neighboring struts.

More particularly, as can be seen in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the present invention consists of a load limiter for telescopic props, where the strut 1 comprises a body 11, a rod 12, an adjustable support 13 and a pin 14, wherein the load limiter comprises at least one upper plate 21 and at least one lower plate 22, with an intermediate groove 23 between them, characterized in that said at least one upper plate 21 and at least one lower plate 22 is joined at its ends with two walls 24, and because the upper plate 21 comprises in its central part a support point 25 for the pin 14 so that the upper plate 21 comprises the joints at its ends with the two walls 24, and at the support point 25 for the pin 14, plastic pads 26 capable of deforming before a load limit on said support point 25, where the upper plate 21 and lower 22 are preferably horizontal, and the walls 24 pr efferent vertical.

Specify that the adjustable support 13 can be formed by two different elements: the bell 13a, or washer, and the thread 13b. Thread 13b is the element that has two apricots. Its main function have a fine adjustment of the strut height. The 13th bell,

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0 washer, is the piece placed on the upper part of the thread 13b, whose function is the support of the pin 14 more smoothly than if it were directly on the thin walls of the thread 13b. In Figures 3, 4 and 5, the load limiter can be observed before being placed in the strut 1, once placed and once its total plasticization has been reached.

It should be noted that the solution is based on the creation of three plastic pens, as seen in Figure 6, in a portico type system that allows to control the behavior of the strut

1 by controlling the flexural deformation of the piece.

More specifically, as can be seen in Figures 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8, the upper plate 21 and / or the lower plate 22 is shaped like a disk sector.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, as seen in Figures 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8, the load limiter comprises at least two sets 2 of upper plate 21 and lower plate 22, intermediate slot 23 and walls 24 , located symmetrically on both sides of channel 12 of strut 1.

More specifically, as seen in Figures 3 and 4, the at least two sets 2 are joined by elastic means 27 capable of opening and / or closing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, as seen in Figures 3 and 4, the elastic means 27 are at least one wire.

According to another aspect of the invention, as seen in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 7, the support point 25 for the pin 14 of the upper plate 21 comprises a slot 251 intended to accommodate said pin 14. By slot 251 any form that sets the position of pin 14 in the center of the load limiter is understood.

Preferably, as seen in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 7, the slit 251 has a shape substantially similar to that of the pin 14.

More particularly, as seen in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 7, the shape of the slit 251 is substantially cylindrical.

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Note that the inner and outer radius of the load limiter, seen in plan, which form its circular geometry, and the radius of the groove 251 to accommodate the pin 14, depend on the components of the strut 1, channel 12 and pin 14 respectively, in which the load limiter is installed. Likewise, the width or thickness of each of the metal parts that make up the load limiter is defined as a function of the radial dimension of the flat surface of the hood so that the load limiter support on this piece is stable. A compromise solution is also established for the length of each metal piece that allows a correct flexural behavior of the horizontal upper plate 21 (maximum length) and, if possible, a fundamentally two-dimensional behavior of this flexion (minimum length).

More specifically, as seen in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the width of the upper plate 21 and / or the lower plate 22 is at most the difference between the perimeter of the adjustable support 13 and the perimeter of the channel 12 .

Specifically, the thickness of the upper plate 21 is at least 4 mm.

On the other hand, the thickness of the intermediate groove 23 is between 1 and 3 mm.

Additionally, the thickness of the bottom plate 22 is at least 2 mm.

It should be mentioned that, the thickness of the upper plate 21, lower 22 and the walls 24 is such that the load is at least 7.5 KN.

As can be seen in Figures 11A and 11B, the maximum loads on struts 1 are greater than a certain limit when no load limiters are used, while when the load has been limited to a certain limit (16 kN corresponding to the load permissible of a more economical strut), all those struts 1 under the shaded area are working at their maximum load, without exceeding their permissible load and taking advantage of the resistant capacity of all struts 1 and the slabs.

According to another aspect of the invention, as seen in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the material is standardized steel from the group of steels 235, 275, 355, 420, or higher. With the objective of

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produce a load limiter cheaper or better performance, it could be another material, the type of aluminum, other types of steel, stainless steel, etc ...

It is also an object of the present invention, as can be seen in Figures 1, 2 and 10, a telescopic strut 1 comprising a load limiter located between the pin 14 and the adjustable support 13, so that the limiter of load transmits the loads between the channel 12 and the body 11 of the strut 1.

The details, shapes, dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the components used in the implementation of the load limiter for telescopic work props may be conveniently replaced by others that are technically equivalent, and do not depart from the essentiality of the Invention of the scope defined by the claims included below of the following list.

List numeric references:

1 strut

11 body

12 cane

13 adjustable stand

13th bell

13b thread

14 pin

2 set

21 top plate

22 bottom plate

23 intermediate slot

24 wall

25 support point

251 slit

26 plastic label

27 elastic media

Claims (1)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 1- Load limiter for telescopic work props, where the strut (1) comprises a body (11), a channel (12), an adjustable support (13) and a pin (14), where the load limiter it comprises at least one upper plate (21) and at least one lower plate (22), with an intermediate groove (23) between them, characterized in that said at least one upper plate (21) and at least one lower plate (22) are joined by its ends with two walls (24), and because the upper plate (21) comprises in its central part a support point (25) for the pin (14) so that the upper plate (21) is deformable before a The load goes over said support point (25), until the upper plate (21) makes contact with the lower plate (22). 2- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper plate (21) and / or the lower plate (22) is in the shape of a disc sector. 3- Load limiter for telescopic construction struts, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises at least two sets (2) of upper plate (21) and lower plate (22), intermediate groove (23) and walls (24) , located symmetrically on both sides of the shaft (12) of the strut (1). 4- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least two sets (2) are joined by elastic means (27) capable of opening and / or closing. 5- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic means (27) are at least one wire. 6- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the support point (25) for the pin (14) of the upper plate (21) comprises a groove (251) intended to accommodate said pin (14). 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 7- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to claim 6, characterized in that the slit (251) has a shape substantially similar to that of the pin (14). 8- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to claim 7, characterized in that the shape of the groove (251) is substantially cylindrical. 9- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to claim 2, characterized in that the width of the upper plate (21) and / or the lower plate (22) is at most the difference between the perimeter of the adjustable support (13 ) and the perimeter of the channel (12). 10- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the thickness of the upper plate (21) is at least 4 mm. 11- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the intermediate groove (23) is between 1 and 3 mm. 12- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the thickness of the bottom plate (22) is at least 2mm. 13- Load limiter for telescopic work struts, according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the material is standardized steel of the group of steels 235, 275, 355, 420, or higher. 14- Telescopic workpiece (1) comprising a load limiter according to claim 1, characterized in that the load limiter is located between the pin (14) and the adjustable support (13), so that the load limiter transmits the loads between the rod (12) and the body (11) of the strut (1).