ES2610507A1 - Thermoelectric generator and heating apparatus comprising those thermoelectric generator (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Thermoelectric generator and heating apparatus comprising those thermoelectric generator (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2610507A1 ES2610507A1 ES201730240A ES201730240A ES2610507A1 ES 2610507 A1 ES2610507 A1 ES 2610507A1 ES 201730240 A ES201730240 A ES 201730240A ES 201730240 A ES201730240 A ES 201730240A ES 2610507 A1 ES2610507 A1 ES 2610507A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
- F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
- F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
- F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
- F24H3/067—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators using solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0028—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cooling heat generating elements, e.g. for cooling electronic components or electric devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0056—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for ovens or furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
- F28F2013/006—Heat conductive materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
GENERADOR TERMOELECTRICO Y APARATO DE CALEFACCION QUE COMPRENDE DICHO GENERADOR TERMOELECTRICOTHERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR AND HEATING EQUIPMENT THAT INCLUDES SUCH THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
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OBJETO DE LA INVENCIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invencion se refiere a un generador termoelectrico que permite reducir la temperatura que alcanza un modulo termoelectrico del propio 10 generador electrico dado que la transferencia de calor por conduccion entre un aparato de calefaccion donde se encuentra dispuesto y el propio modulo termoelectrico se anula o minimiza y la capa de aire que se crea entre los dos elementos actua como aislante.The present invention relates to a thermoelectric generator that allows reducing the temperature reached by a thermoelectric module of the electric generator itself since the transfer of heat by conduction between a heating apparatus where it is arranged and the thermoelectric module itself is canceled or minimized and the layer of air that is created between the two elements acts as an insulator.
15 La invencion se refiere tambien al aparato de calefaccion que comprende el generador termoelectrico.The invention also relates to the heating apparatus comprising the thermoelectric generator.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
20 Se conocen en el estado de la tecnica las estufas u hogares de madera, pellet y carbon que son muy utilizados como equipos de calefaccion, sobretodo en ubicaciones remotas.20 Wood, pellet and carbon stoves or homes that are widely used as heating equipment, especially in remote locations, are known in the state of the art.
Incentivados por las nuevas normativas que imponen mayores eficiencias en 25 equipos de calefaccion, los fabricantes de estufas u hogares han ido incorporando mejoras que van en esta lfnea. Estos aparatos actualmente incluyen un intercambiador de calor que recibe calor de la combustion para calentar el aire ambiente. Un ventilador de circulacion fuerza el aire ambiente a traves del intercambiador de calor. Una desventaja significativa de la mayorfa 30 de estos equipos es que requieren alimentacion electrica de la red para accionar el ventilador de circulacion. Por lo tanto, son inoperables durante losEncouraged by the new regulations that impose greater efficiencies in 25 heating equipment, the manufacturers of stoves or homes have been incorporating improvements that go along this line. These devices currently include a heat exchanger that receives heat from the combustion to heat the ambient air. A circulation fan forces the ambient air through the heat exchanger. A significant disadvantage of most of these equipments is that they require electrical power from the network to drive the circulation fan. Therefore, they are inoperable during the
cortes de energfa, cuando son mas necesarios. En segundo lugar, la energfapower outages, when they are most necessary. Second, the energy
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que consumen es cada vez mas costosa.They consume is increasingly expensive.
Los dispositivos termoelectricos conocidos tambien se utilizan en modo inverso para convertir el calor de la estufa en energfa electrica que puede utilizarse 5 para alimentar cargas externas. El calor pasa a traves de una placa lateral caliente del generador a una placa lateral frfa, donde un modulo termoelectrico utiliza la diferencia de temperatura entre la placa lateral caliente y la placa lateral fna para convertir el calor en energfa electrica. Por lo tanto, cuanto mayor sea la diferencia de temperatura entre la placa lateral caliente y la placa 10 lateral fna, mas energfa electrica se genera.Known thermoelectric devices are also used in reverse mode to convert heat from the stove into electrical energy that can be used to power external loads. Heat passes through a hot side plate of the generator to a cold side plate, where a thermoelectric module uses the temperature difference between the hot side plate and the fna side plate to convert heat into electrical energy. Therefore, the greater the temperature difference between the hot side plate and the side plate 10, the more electrical energy is generated.
Entre estos sistemas se conoce la solicitud de patente US20080245352 relativa a un generador termoelectrico para uso con una estufa, que presenta un modulo termoelectrico adherido a una de las paredes del hogar que conforma 15 el cerramiento de la zona de combustion. La energfa generada se utiliza para accionar unos ventiladores que mantienen frio el lado posterior de dicho modulo y a la vez permiten generar mas energfa electrica para poder alimentar otros accesorios.Among these systems, patent application US20080245352 is known regarding a thermoelectric generator for use with a stove, which has a thermoelectric module attached to one of the walls of the hearth that forms the enclosure of the combustion zone. The generated energy is used to drive fans that keep the back side of the module cold and at the same time allow more electrical power to be generated to power other accessories.
20 De este mismo tipo se conocen tambien la patente US6588419 relativa a una estufa para la generacion de electricidad y el accionamiento de un ventilador y la patente CA2470739 relativa a un sistema de generacion de electricidad en un hogar usando un modulo termoelectrico.Of this same type, the US6588419 patent relating to a stove for the generation of electricity and the operation of a fan and the CA2470739 patent relating to a system for generating electricity in a home using a thermoelectric module are also known.
25 Los modulos termoelectricos tienen una temperatura maxima de funcionamiento, de manera que cuando se supera dicha temperatura, las soldaduras de las uniones entre material n y p se funden y el modulo termoelectrico deja de funcionar. Esta temperatura maxima de funcionamiento suele estar en torno a 200°C. Aunque existen modulos termoelectricos que 30 aguantan temperaturas superiores, sin embargo, la eficiencia esta relacionada con la temperatura de trabajo maxima. Esto quiere decir que un modulo que25 The thermoelectric modules have a maximum operating temperature, so that when this temperature is exceeded, the welds of the joints between material n and p melt and the thermoelectric module ceases to function. This maximum operating temperature is usually around 200 ° C. Although there are thermoelectric modules that withstand higher temperatures, however, efficiency is related to the maximum working temperature. This means that a module that
soporta los 200°C generara mas energfa a 200°C que otro que pueda soportarwithstand 200 ° C will generate more energy at 200 ° C than another that can withstand
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350°C teniendo como temperatura de trabajo los 200°C, es decir, cuanta mayor temperatura de trabajo soporta, mas caros son los modulos.350 ° C having the working temperature of 200 ° C, that is, the higher the working temperature it supports, the more expensive the modules are.
En este sentido una tecnologfa que pueda garantizar que no se excedera 5 nunca la temperatura de trabajo de los modulos termoelectricos hara el equipo mas eficiente y economico.In this sense, a technology that can guarantee that the working temperature of the thermoelectric modules will never be exceeded 5 will make the equipment more efficient and economical.
Dicho esto, uno de los puntos mas importantes es como se protege el modulo termoelectrico contra una excesiva temperatura, ya que en un hogar de madera 10 no es posible controlarla.That said, one of the most important points is how the thermoelectric module is protected against excessive temperature, since in a wooden home 10 it is not possible to control it.
La US20080245352 incluye una chapa bimetalica que actua como reductor de radiacion, es decir, la radiacion del fuego dilata la chapa que deja de hacer contacto con la pared donde se adhieren los modulos termoelectricos. Esta 15 realizacion tiene el inconveniente de que no se puede controlar la temperatura lfmite de forma exacta con lo que es probable que en algun momento se supere la maxima permitida provocando el fallo del sistema.The US20080245352 includes a bimetallic sheet that acts as a radiation reducer, that is, the fire radiation dilates the sheet that stops making contact with the wall where the thermoelectric modules adhere. This embodiment has the disadvantage that the limit temperature cannot be controlled exactly so that it is likely that at some point the maximum allowed will be exceeded causing the system to fail.
En las patentes US6588419 y CA2470739 no existe ningun sistema de 20 proteccion contra sobrecalentamientos.In US6588419 and CA2470739 there is no system of 20 overheating protection.
Por otra parte, la zona mas idonea para realizar la captacion de calor es la zona mas proxima al fuego, preferiblemente debajo de este. Las invenciones citadas evitan su colocacion en este punto por el riesgo de fallo del generador 25 por exceso de temperatura si la parte mas caliente de la combustion esta directamente debajo del generador.On the other hand, the most suitable area for heat capture is the area closest to the fire, preferably below it. The aforementioned inventions prevent its placement at this point due to the risk of generator 25 failure due to excess temperature if the hottest part of the combustion is directly below the generator.
El modulo termoelectrico de la presente invencion solventan los inconvenientes anteriores protegiendo el modulo termoelectrico contra las temperaturas 30 excesivas que pueden destruirlo.The thermoelectric module of the present invention solves the above drawbacks by protecting the thermoelectric module from excessive temperatures that can destroy it.
DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invencion se refiere a un generador termoelectrico que alimenta uno o varios dispositivos auxiliares de un aparato de calefaccion, donde el generador electrico permite reducir la temperatura que alcanza un modulo 5 termoelectrico del propio generador electrico dado que la transferencia de calor por conduccion entre un aparato de calefaccion donde se encuentra dispuesto y el propio modulo termoelectrico se anula o minimiza y la capa de aire que se crea entre los dos elementos actua como aislante.The present invention relates to a thermoelectric generator that feeds one or several auxiliary devices of a heating apparatus, where the electric generator allows to reduce the temperature reached by a thermoelectric module 5 of the electric generator itself since the transfer of heat by conduction between a heating apparatus where it is arranged and the thermoelectric module itself is canceled or minimized and the layer of air that is created between the two elements acts as an insulator.
10 El generador termoelectrico comprende al menos un modulo termoelectrico dispuesto en contacto directo o indirecto con una pared de captacion de un aparato de calefaccion, donde el al menos un modulo termoelectrico es desplazable respecto a la pared de captacion del aparato de calefaccion por medio de un dispositivo de desplazamiento que lleva a cabo la separacion del 15 al menos un modulo termoelectrico de la pared de captacion del aparato de calefaccion cuando una cara caliente del al menos un modulo termoelectrico se encuentra por encima de una primera temperatura predeterminada.The thermoelectric generator comprises at least one thermoelectric module arranged in direct or indirect contact with a collection wall of a heating apparatus, where the at least one thermoelectric module is movable with respect to the collection wall of the heating apparatus by means of a displacement device that carries out the separation of the at least one thermoelectric module from the collection wall of the heating apparatus when a hot face of the at least one thermoelectric module is above a first predetermined temperature.
Opcionalmente, el generador termoelectrico comprende un bloque inercial que 20 se encuentra en contacto con el al menos un modulo termoelectrico y que actua como reservorio termico que acumula energfa termica cuando se lleva a cabo la separacion del al menos un modulo termoelectrico de la pared de captacion del aparato de calefaccion. Preferentemente, el al menos un modulo termoelectrico se encuentra dispuesto en contacto indirecto con la pared de 25 captacion del aparato de calefaccion a traves del bloque inercialOptionally, the thermoelectric generator comprises an inertial block that is in contact with the at least one thermoelectric module and which acts as a thermal reservoir that accumulates thermal energy when the separation of the at least one thermoelectric module from the collection wall is carried out of the heating device. Preferably, the at least one thermoelectric module is arranged in indirect contact with the pickup wall of the heating apparatus through the inertial block
De esta manera, el bloque inercial mantiene la temperatura durante un tiempo mientras el al menos un modulo termoelectrico se encuentra separado de la pared de captacion del aparato de calefaccion.In this way, the inertial block maintains the temperature for a while while the at least one thermoelectric module is separated from the collection wall of the heating apparatus.
Una vez que el al menos un modulo termoelectrico, o en su defecto el bloqueOnce the at least one thermoelectric module, or failing that the block
inercial se ha enfriado, este o aquel se repliega haciendo contacto de nuevoinertial has cooled down, this or that folds back making contact again
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con la pared de captacion. Se reinicia el ciclo de calentamiento y separacion mientras se exceda la primera temperatura predeterminada. Con esto se logra mantener la generacion electrica relativamente constante y evita que los dispositivos auxiliares del aparato de calefaccion dejen de funcionar.With the catchment wall. The heating and separation cycle is restarted while the first predetermined temperature is exceeded. With this it is possible to keep the electric generation relatively constant and it prevents the auxiliary devices of the heating apparatus from ceasing to function.
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Es importante destacar que el generador electrico puede acoplarse a cualquier aparato de calefaccion, ya sea una estufas/hogar, o bien por ejemplo un alto horno donde las paredes de las campanas de extraccion de humos pueden alcanzar temperaturas superiores a los 500°C.It is important to note that the electric generator can be coupled to any heating device, be it a stove / home, or for example a blast furnace where the walls of the fume hoods can reach temperatures above 500 ° C.
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Opcionalmente, el generador electrico comprende ademas al menos un disipador de calor que mantiene la temperatura de una cara frfa del al menos un modulo termoelectrico por debajo de una segunda temperatura predeterminada.Optionally, the electric generator also comprises at least one heat sink that maintains the temperature of a cold face of at least one thermoelectric module below a second predetermined temperature.
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La invencion se refiere tambien a un aparato de calefaccion que comprende al menos un generador termoelectrico como el descrito anteriormente.The invention also relates to a heating apparatus comprising at least one thermoelectric generator as described above.
El aparato de calefaccion comprende ademas al menos un dispositivo auxiliar 20 que es alimentado por el generador termoelectrico, siendo preferentemente el dispositivo auxiliar un ventilador.The heating apparatus further comprises at least one auxiliary device 20 that is powered by the thermoelectric generator, the auxiliary device preferably being a fan.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
25 La Figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva del generador termoelectrico de la presente invencion de acuerdo a un primer ejemplo de realizacion preferente.Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the thermoelectric generator of the present invention according to a first preferred embodiment.
La Figura 2 muestra una vista inferior de la Figura 1.Figure 2 shows a bottom view of Figure 1.
30 La Figura 3 muestra una vista en alzado de la Figura 1.30 Figure 3 shows an elevation view of Figure 1.
La Figura 4 muestra una vista en seccion AA de la Figura 2.Figure 4 shows a sectional view AA of Figure 2.
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La Figura 5 muestra una vista en perspectiva delantera del aparato de calefaccion de la presente invencion que comprende el generador termoelectrico del primer ejemplo de realizacion preferente.Figure 5 shows a front perspective view of the heating apparatus of the present invention comprising the thermoelectric generator of the first preferred embodiment.
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La Figura 6 muestra una vista en perspectiva trasera del aparato de calefaccion de la presente invencion que comprende el generador termoelectrico del primer ejemplo de realizacion preferente.Figure 6 shows a rear perspective view of the heating apparatus of the present invention comprising the thermoelectric generator of the first preferred embodiment.
10 La Figura 7 muestra una vista en perspectiva del generador termoelectrico de la presente invencion de acuerdo a un segundo ejemplo de realizacion preferente.10 Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the thermoelectric generator of the present invention according to a second preferred embodiment.
La Figura 8 muestra una vista inferior de la Figura 7.Figure 8 shows a bottom view of Figure 7.
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La Figura 9 muestra una vista en alzado de la Figura 7.Figure 9 shows an elevation view of Figure 7.
La Figura 10 muestra una vista de la Figura 9 cuando la cara caliente del al menos un modulo termoelectrico se encuentra por encima de la primera 20 temperatura predeterminada.Figure 10 shows a view of Figure 9 when the hot face of the at least one thermoelectric module is above the first predetermined temperature.
REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIONPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A continuacion se procedera a describir de manera detallada el generador 25 termoelectrico de la presente invencion.Next, the thermoelectric generator 25 of the present invention will be described in detail.
El generador termoelectrico comprende al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) dispuesto en contacto indirecto con una pared de captacion (17) de un aparato de calefaccion (1), donde el al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) 30 es desplazable respecto a la pared de captacion (17, 67) del aparato de calefaccion (1) por medio de un dispositivo de desplazamiento (9, 59) que llevaThe thermoelectric generator comprises at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) arranged in indirect contact with a collection wall (17) of a heating apparatus (1), where the at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) 30 is movable with respect to the collection wall (17, 67) of the heating apparatus (1) by means of a displacement device (9, 59) that carries
a cabo la separacion del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) de la paredthe separation of the at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) from the wall
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de captacion (17, 67) del aparato de calefaccion (1) cuando una cara caliente (2, 52) del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) se encuentra por encima de una primera temperatura predeterminada, que es preferentemente 200 °C.uptake (17, 67) of the heating apparatus (1) when a hot face (2, 52) of the at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) is above a first predetermined temperature, which is preferably 200 ° C .
5 El generador termoelectrico comprende un bloque inercial (8, 58) que se encuentra en contacto con el al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) y que actua como reservorio termico que acumula energfa termica cuando se lleva a cabo la separacion del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) de la pared de captacion (17, 67) del aparato de calefaccion (1), donde el al menos un 10 modulo termoelectrico (54) se encuentra dispuesto en contacto indirecto con la pared de captacion (17, 67) del aparato de calefaccion (1) a traves del bloque inercial (58)The thermoelectric generator comprises an inertial block (8, 58) that is in contact with the at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) and which acts as a thermal reservoir that accumulates thermal energy when the separation of the at least one is carried out. a thermoelectric module (4, 54) of the collection wall (17, 67) of the heating apparatus (1), where the at least one thermoelectric module (54) is arranged in indirect contact with the collection wall (17 , 67) of the heating apparatus (1) through the inertial block (58)
El dispositivo de desplazamiento (9, 59) puede presentar variasThe displacement device (9, 59) may have several
15 configuraciones, siendo preferentemente un actuador lineal termo-mecanico o un actuador lineal electrico. En caso de que el dispositivo de desplazamiento (9) sea un actuador termo-mecanico, no necesita un aporte de energfa para funcionar, pero es menos preciso y solo puede calibrarse para actuar a la primera temperatura predeterminada. En caso de que el dispositivo de 20 desplazamiento (9, 59) sea un actuador lineal electrico esta configurado para reprogramarse en funcion de la temperatura y es muy preciso. En el caso de que los modulos termoelectricos (4, 54) fueran sustituidos y su temperatura de trabajo variara, solo se tendrfa que reprogramar una electronica de control que acciona el actuador lineal electrico.15 configurations, preferably being a thermo-mechanical linear actuator or an electric linear actuator. If the displacement device (9) is a thermo-mechanical actuator, it does not need an energy supply to operate, but it is less accurate and can only be calibrated to act at the first predetermined temperature. In case the displacement device (9, 59) is an electric linear actuator, it is configured to reprogram according to the temperature and is very precise. In the event that the thermoelectric modules (4, 54) were replaced and their working temperature varied, only a control electronics that drives the electric linear actuator would have to be reprogrammed.
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Mediante el dispositivo de desplazamiento (9, 59) se separa el bloque inercial (8, 58) y todo lo que va sujeto a el cuando se alcanza la primera temperatura predeterminada. Con esto se controla que la temperatura nunca supere el valor maximo soportable por los modulos termoelectricos (4, 54) y al mismo tiempo 30 que el generador electrico trabaje siempre en su punto mas optimo y eficiente, que se encuentra precisamente en la primera temperatura predeterminada.The inertial block (8, 58) and everything that is attached to it when the first predetermined temperature is reached is separated by the displacement device (9, 59). With this it is checked that the temperature never exceeds the maximum value bearable by the thermoelectric modules (4, 54) and at the same time 30 that the electric generator always works at its most optimal and efficient point, which is precisely at the first predetermined temperature .
En caso de que el dispositivo de desplazamiento (9, 59) sea el actuador lineal electrico, este presenta la ventaja adicional de que puede ajustarse con mucha precision la separacion del bloque inercial de la pared de captacion (17, 67) del aparato de calefaccion (1). Otra ventaja es que no consume energfa cuando 5 esta parado, solo consume cuando se desplaza, es decir, cuando se pliega- repliega. En este caso el generador comprende ademas un sensor de temperatura (no mostrado) dispuesto en el bloque inercial (8, 58) para que la electronica de control pueda dar la consigna de actuacion al actuador lineal electrico.If the displacement device (9, 59) is the electric linear actuator, it has the additional advantage that the separation of the inertial block from the collection wall (17, 67) of the heating apparatus can be adjusted very precisely (one). Another advantage is that it does not consume energy when it is stopped, it only consumes when it moves, that is, when it folds. In this case, the generator also includes a temperature sensor (not shown) arranged in the inertial block (8, 58) so that the control electronics can give the actuation setpoint to the electric linear actuator.
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En caso de que el dispositivo de desplazamiento (9) sea un sistema de actuacion pasivo, como el actuador lineal termo-mecanico, este sensor no es necesario ya que el mismo actuador se desplaza, es decir se pliega-repliega, en funcion de la temperatura.In case the displacement device (9) is a passive actuation system, such as the thermo-mechanical linear actuator, this sensor is not necessary since the same actuator moves, that is to say folds-folds, depending on the temperature.
15fifteen
El bloque inercial (8, 58) actua como reservorio termico. Cuando el al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) esta replegado, el bloque inercial (8) acumula energfa termica. Las medidas de este bloque y las caracterfsticas de conductividad termica y densidad, permiten definir cuanto tiempo podraThe inertial block (8, 58) acts as a thermal reservoir. When the at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) is retracted, the inertial block (8) accumulates thermal energy. The measurements of this block and the characteristics of thermal conductivity and density allow you to define how much time you can
20 almacenar energfa en forma de calor. Cuanto mas grande es el bloque inercial (8, 58) mas tiempo almacenara energfa. Por el contrario, cuanto mas grande es el bloque inercial (8, 58) mas tiempo tarda el bloque en calentarse, lo que conlleva a una activacion de unos dispositivos auxiliares (5), e.g. ventiladores, mas tardfa.20 store energy in the form of heat. The larger the inertial block (8, 58), the more time it stores energy. On the contrary, the larger the inertial block (8, 58), the longer it takes for the block to heat up, which leads to the activation of auxiliary devices (5), e.g. fans, later.
2525
Este aspecto es importante ya que cuando el bloque inercial (8, 58) se separa por accion del dispositivo de desplazamiento (9, 59), si el bloque inercial (8, 58) no tuviese energfa almacenada, la temperatura caerfa rapidamente provocando que los dispositivos auxiliares (5), e.g. ventiladores otros equipos conectados alThis aspect is important since when the inertial block (8, 58) is separated by action of the displacement device (9, 59), if the inertial block (8, 58) did not have stored energy, the temperature would fall rapidly causing the auxiliary devices (5), eg fans other equipment connected to
30 generador electrico dejaran de funcionar por un tiempo.30 electric generator will stop working for a while.
El bloque inercial (8, 58) es preferentemente de un material con unaThe inertial block (8, 58) is preferably of a material with a
99
conductividad termica elevada, como aluminio o cobre, preferiblemente, de tal forma que se pierda la minima temperatura entre sus caras. Tambien tiene que ser un material con un factor de difusividad termica elevado, es decir, tiene que tener una densidad alta, como aluminio o cobre, preferiblemente. Ademas tiene 5 que tener un bajo coeficiente de dilatacion termica y aguantar bien las altas temperaturas, superiores a 400°C.high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper, preferably, so that the minimum temperature between their faces is lost. It also has to be a material with a high thermal diffusivity factor, that is, it has to have a high density, such as aluminum or copper, preferably. It also has to have a low coefficient of thermal expansion and withstand high temperatures well, above 400 ° C.
El generador electrico comprende ademas al menos un disipador de calor (6, 56) que mantiene la temperatura de una cara frfa (3, 53) del al menos un 10 modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) por debajo de una segunda temperatura predeterm inada, siendo preferentemente esta segunda temperatura predeterm inada 50°C y disipa calor al ambiente a traves de unas primeras aletas (7, 57). Cuando se activan los ventiladores, el aire forzado circula a traves de estos para aumentar la transferencia de calor. Esto mejora las 15 prestaciones del al menos un disipador de calor (6, 56), preferentemente de tipo heatpipe, y permite calentar mas el aire que saldra hacia el exterior del aparato de calefaccion, es decir, se aumenta la capacidad de calefaccion.The electric generator further comprises at least one heat sink (6, 56) that maintains the temperature of a cold face (3, 53) of at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) below a second predetermined temperature, preferably this second predetermined temperature is 50 ° C and dissipates heat to the environment through first fins (7, 57). When fans are activated, forced air circulates through them to increase heat transfer. This improves the performance of the at least one heat sink (6, 56), preferably of the heatpipe type, and allows more air to be heated out of the heating apparatus, that is, the heating capacity is increased.
Para garantizar que el al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54) experimenta 20 el mayor diferencial de temperatura entre sus caras (2, 52, 3, 53), es importante evitar los puentes termicos en el metodo de sujecion del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (4, 54). Para ello, el generador termoelectrico comprende unos tornillos de sujecion (11, 61), Los modulos termoelectricos (4, 54) deben trabajar a compresion de unos 200psi, con lo que los tornillos de sujecion (11, 25 61) tienen que apretarse mediante una llave dinamometrica para ajustar el parTo ensure that the at least one thermoelectric module (4, 54) experiences 20 the greatest temperature differential between its faces (2, 52, 3, 53), it is important to avoid thermal bridges in the method of securing the at least one module thermoelectric (4, 54). For this, the thermoelectric generator comprises some fastening screws (11, 61). The thermoelectric modules (4, 54) must work at compression of about 200psi, so that the fastening screws (11, 25 61) have to be tightened by a torque wrench to adjust the torque
de apriete a la presion adecuada. Los tornillos de sujecion (11) comprenden un aislante termico (12, 62) que reduce el puente termico entre dichos tornillos de sujecion (11,61) y el al menos un modulos termoelectrico (4, 54).of tightening at the right pressure. The fastening screws (11) comprise a thermal insulator (12, 62) that reduces the thermal bridge between said fastening screws (11.61) and the at least one thermoelectric modules (4, 54).
30 El generador termoelectrico comprende una pasta termica (no mostrada) dispuesta en ambas caras de los modulos termoelectricos (4, 54). Esta pastaThe thermoelectric generator comprises a thermal paste (not shown) arranged on both sides of the thermoelectric modules (4, 54). This pasta
reduce la resistencia termica de contacto con el bloque inercial (8, 58) y elreduces the thermal resistance of contact with the inertial block (8, 58) and the
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disipador de calor (6, 56) permitiendo la circulacion de un flujo de calor mas elevado y consecuentemente mayor generacion de energfa.heat sink (6, 56) allowing the circulation of a higher heat flow and consequently greater energy generation.
El generador termoelectrico comprende unos muelles (10, 60) que aprietan el 5 bloque inercial (8, 58) contra la pared de captacion (17, 67) para que el calor fluya hacia los modulos termoelectricos (4, 54). Cuando se supera la primera predeterminada, el dispositivo de desplazamiento (9, 59) se estira separando el bloque inercial (8, 58) de la pared de captacion (17, 67) y vence la fuerza de compresion de los muelles (10, 60). Una vez la temperatura ha bajado por 10 debajo de la primera temperatura predeterminada, el dispositivo deThe thermoelectric generator comprises springs (10, 60) that press the inertial block (8, 58) against the collection wall (17, 67) so that the heat flows to the thermoelectric modules (4, 54). When the first predetermined is exceeded, the displacement device (9, 59) is stretched by separating the inertial block (8, 58) from the collection wall (17, 67) and the compression force of the springs (10, 60) is overcome ). Once the temperature has dropped by 10 below the first predetermined temperature, the device
desplazamiento (9, 59) se repliega y los muelles (10, 60) presionan otra vez el bloque inercial (8, 58) con la pared de captacion (17, 67) y se repite el ciclo (en caso de que se vuelva a superar la primera temperatura predeterminada).displacement (9, 59) is retracted and the springs (10, 60) press again the inertial block (8, 58) with the pickup wall (17, 67) and the cycle is repeated (in case it is returned to exceed the first predetermined temperature).
15 En un primer ejemplo de realizacion preferente mostrado en las Figuras 1 a 4, ademas de los elementos descritos mas arriba, el dispositivo de desplazamiento (9) comprende un aislante termico (14) que tiene la funcion de reducir la temperatura de contacto, evitando que el dispositivo deIn a first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 4, in addition to the elements described above, the displacement device (9) comprises a thermal insulator (14) which has the function of reducing the contact temperature, avoiding that the device of
desplazamiento (9) se queme cuando esta funcionando.displacement (9) burns when it is working.
20twenty
En un segundo ejemplo de realizacion preferente mostrado en las Figuras 7 a 10, ademas de los elementos descritos mas arriba, a excepcion del aislante termico, el dispositivo de desplazamiento (59) es una actuador termoelectrico que regula la distancia entre la pared de captacion (67) del aparato de 25 calefaccion y el al menos un modulo termoelectrico cuando la temperatura en la cara caliente (52) del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (54) es igual o superior a la primera temperatura predeterminada.In a second preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 to 10, in addition to the elements described above, with the exception of the thermal insulator, the displacement device (59) is a thermoelectric actuator that regulates the distance between the collection wall ( 67) of the heating apparatus and the at least one thermoelectric module when the temperature on the hot face (52) of the at least one thermoelectric module (54) is equal to or greater than the first predetermined temperature.
En este caso, y de manera preferente, el generador termoelectrico comprende 30 una electronica de control de tipo PID (proporcional integral diferencial) que acciona y regula el actuador lineal electrico (59) ajustando la distancia entre laIn this case, and preferably, the thermoelectric generator comprises a control electronics of the PID type (integral integral proportional) that drives and regulates the electric linear actuator (59) by adjusting the distance between the
pared de captacion (67) del aparato de calefaccion y el al menos un modulocollection wall (67) of the heating apparatus and the at least one module
11eleven
termoelectrico (54) para mantener la temperatura en la cara caliente (52) del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (54) igual a la primera temperatura predeterminada.thermoelectric (54) to keep the temperature on the hot face (52) of at least one thermoelectric module (54) equal to the first predetermined temperature.
5 De esta manera, el generador termoelectrico es mas eficiente ya que el al menos un modulo termoelectrico (54) trabaja durante mas tiempo en su punto de funcionamiento optimo y el actuador lineal electrico (59) trabaja durante menos tiempo, consumiendo menos energfa.5 In this way, the thermoelectric generator is more efficient since the at least one thermoelectric module (54) works longer in its optimum operating point and the electric linear actuator (59) works for less time, consuming less energy.
10 Las primeras aletas (57), en este segundo ejemplo de realizacion se encuentran unidas lateralmente al disipador de calor (56), estando ademas el actuador lineal electrico (59) unido a las primeras aletas (57), de manera que cuando lleva a cabo la separacion del al menos un modulo termoelectrico (54) de la pared de captacion (67) del aparato de calefaccion, la fuerza que tiene10 The first fins (57), in this second embodiment, are attached laterally to the heat sink (56), the electric linear actuator (59) also being connected to the first fins (57), so that when it leads to the separation of the at least one thermoelectric module (54) from the collection wall (67) of the heating apparatus, the force that has
15 que ejercer el actuador lineal electrico (59) se minimiza aprovechando el brazo de palanca debido a su disposicion lateral respecto al disipador de calor (56) y en consecuencia respecto a el al menos un menos un modulo termoelectrico (54) y el bloque inercial (58), de manera que aunque el bloque inercial (58) sigue haciendo contacto con uno de los extremos de la pared de captacion (67)15 that exercising the electric linear actuator (59) is minimized by taking advantage of the lever arm due to its lateral arrangement with respect to the heat sink (56) and consequently with respect to the at least one thermoelectric module (54) and the inertial block (58), so that although the inertial block (58) continues to make contact with one of the ends of the collection wall (67)
20 del aparato de calefaccion, la superficie de contacto entre ambos (58, 67) es tan pequena que no permite una transferencia de calor por conduccion que siga calentando el bloque inercial (58). Asf, la energfa consumida por el actuador lineal electrico (59) tambien se ve reducida.20 of the heating apparatus, the contact surface between the two (58, 67) is so small that it does not allow heat transfer by conduction to continue heating the inertial block (58). Thus, the energy consumed by the electric linear actuator (59) is also reduced.
25 La invencion se refiere tambien a un aparato de calefaccion (1) como el mostrado en las Figuras 5 y 6 que comprende al menos un generador termoelectrico como el descrito anteriormente para el primer o segundo ejemplos de realizacion preferente.The invention also relates to a heating apparatus (1) as shown in Figures 5 and 6 which comprises at least one thermoelectric generator as described above for the first or second examples of preferred embodiment.
30 El aparato de calefaccion (1) comprende ademas al menos un dispositivo auxiliar (5) que es alimentado por el generador termoelectrico, siendoThe heating apparatus (1) also comprises at least one auxiliary device (5) that is powered by the thermoelectric generator, being
preferentemente el dispositivo auxiliar (5) un ventilador.preferably the auxiliary device (5) a fan.
1212
La electronica de control convierte la electricidad generada en el generador termoelectrico a una tension adecuada de 12V o 5V para alimentar los ventiladores y el resto de dispositivos auxiliares (5) como iluminacion, 5 sensores, carga de dispositivos moviles...The control electronics convert the electricity generated in the thermoelectric generator to a suitable voltage of 12V or 5V to power the fans and other auxiliary devices (5) such as lighting, 5 sensors, charging of mobile devices ...
El generador termoelectrico comprende unos tornillos de sujecion (15, 65) con la pared de captacion (17, 67) que sujetan el generador electrico al aparato de calefaccion donde se realiza la combustion.The thermoelectric generator comprises fastening screws (15, 65) with the collection wall (17, 67) that hold the electric generator to the heating apparatus where combustion is performed.
1010
La pared de captacion (67) del aparato de calefaccion comprende unas segundas aletas (68) en la pared que se encuentra en el interior del aparato de calefaccion, lo que permite aumentar la transferencia de calor del aparato de calefaccion hacia la pared de captacion (67) y consecuentemente hacia el al 15 menos un modulo termoelectrico (54). Esto permite que el generador electrico trabaje siempre en su punto mas optimo y eficiente, que se encuentra precisamente en la primera temperatura predeterminadaThe collection wall (67) of the heating apparatus comprises second fins (68) in the wall inside the heating apparatus, which allows to increase the heat transfer of the heating apparatus to the collection wall ( 67) and consequently towards at least 15 a thermoelectric module (54). This allows the electric generator to always work at its most optimal and efficient point, which is precisely at the first predetermined temperature
Claims (14)
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WO2018154163A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-30 | Nabla Thermoelectrics, S.L. | Thermoelectric generator and heating apparatus comprising said thermoelectric generator |
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WO2013099321A1 (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-07-04 | Nakanuma Tadashi | Thermoelectric generator |
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ES2610507B1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-02-08 | Nabla Thermoelectrics, S.L. | THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR AND HEATING EQUIPMENT THAT INCLUDES SUCH THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR |
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US6588419B1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-07-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fireplace insert thermally generating electrical power useful for operating a circulating fan |
US20090025703A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2009-01-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Cooking stoves |
CN103615744A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-05 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部建筑工程研究所 | Multi-fuel heating furnace |
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