ES2600452B1 - Method and system of predictive maintenance of buildings and structures. - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and system of predictive maintenance of buildings and structures, which provides for the installation of a series of sensors (S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn) placed in strategic places of the building or of the structure to be controlled, in which either each of the sensors is wired to a node (NS) that is equipped with a wireless transmission antenna with a central communication node (NC); or each sensor (S1, S2) has its own wireless communication means and directly transmits the collected data to said central communications node (NC); each central node presenting an output antenna that communicates the received data to an existing server (Serv) in a data center (CD), to which several user terminals (T1, T2, T3, ..., Tn) are connected to control and manage your building, which includes a computer prediction tool (HP), which, based on physical and chemical parameters measured in the sensors, estimates the behavior and deterioration of the structure or building in the future, using algorithms (Alg) that correlate the physicochemical parameters with the pathological processes that can be given as a function of time.

Description

Method and system of predictive maintenance of buildings and structures.

Object of the invention

As stated at the Vataa meeting of the European Commission, cultural heritage is very fragile. The physical and tangible components of this heritage are threatened by the devastating ravages of wars and natural catastrophes or by the quieter effects of pollution, insects, weather conditions or isolated acts of vandalism. Preventive conservation reduces these risks and reduces the rate of deterioration of entire collections and, therefore, is a fundamental part of any conservation strategy and an effective and economical means of preserving the integrity of cultural heritage, reducing the need for additional intervention on objects separately.

During the development of the present invention, this resolution has been taken into account, although this project has gone further in the preservation of cultural heritage, incorporating predictive relationships in combination with other preventive strategies.

Background of the invention

From the resolution of the 2000 Vantaa meeting in Spain, an institutional impulse can be observed that has materialized at the legislative, professional and partially organizational level, producing the main ones developed in the museum institutions, where some preventive conservation work is developed more professionally developed thanks to the creation of departments with specific tasks in this area. But in addition the application of the principle of preventive and predictive conservation cannot be restricted to the conservation of movable property of museums, archives and libraries, since the wealth of Spanish cultural heritage implies that a very important part of it is constituted by assets buildings, consisting of historic buildings with unique elements (wall paintings, altarpieces ···) and containing a significant amount of movable property; monuments; historic centres; cultural landscapes; deposits

archeological or caves with rock art that have no resources or technical means to develop a preventive conservation strategy.

Currently there is a wide variety of sensors and equipment that measure most of the most interesting physical and chemical parameters from the point of view of the conservation of a building or monument. Most of these equipment are designed to inspect buildings where damage and injuries are appreciated and where it is necessary to conduct a study for corrective intervention. You can also find systems for monitoring a building based on the placement of sensors that can detect vibrations, changes in length or width of cracks and similar variables, and transmit the information of said sensors through a means of communication; for example, in DE 29712838 a system of this nature is described.

WO 2003016852 refers to an apparatus for dynamically monitoring structures in real time, comprising an acceleration sensor, a data acquisition and calculation system, an energy supply system and a communication system for permanently informing about Changes occurred in the monitored structure. Said apparatus, through the acceleration measurement, deduces speeds, displacements and frequencies of movement of the structure to determine its state at all times. Additionally, this device comprises a communications receiver and storage, analysis and alarm equipment based on the data sent by this device forming a set for dynamic structure monitoring, which provides real-time information on the status of the monitored structures.

Description of the invention

The present invention provides for a system of predictive and preventive conservation of cultural heritage, acting in proportion to its conservation, at the right time and controlling at all times the state of conservation of material goods. It is about acting in a predictive way, knowing previously the causes of the deterioration that occurs, contrary to what is currently done, which is to act correctively once the damage is of importance and represents a risk for people or for own good, what

which in most cases involves very expensive emergency interventions in their analysis and execution.

Another of the outstanding aspects of the present invention derives from the practical impossibility with the current techniques of carrying out an effective control of the state of conservation of the important number of real estate, historical buildings and other monuments that exist globally, as this would require in Many times access to elevated areas with auxiliary means, taking samples in protected elements, destructive tests, and other invasive methodologies on heritage, and that these studies are carried out periodically and with appropriate personnel and means. With the system of the invention it is possible to continuously register, by means of sensor networks, the most interesting physical-chemical parameters to guarantee the preservation of historical buildings with cultural value. This data is transmitted from the sensors remotely and recorded in a data center, where predictive intervention decisions are analyzed and made. But, in contrast to the technique used to date, the present invention focuses on obtaining cause-effect relationships that facilitate the prediction of the alterations that occur and develop adequate sensorial networks, which measure parameters continuously, in order to establish programs of predictive maintenance on the monumental and building heritage of our cities.

The system allows correlations between measurable parameters and damages, injuries or alterations that occur frequently in equity. And it is from these correlations that the system predicts the state of the building as a function of time, the characteristics of the property itself, the surrounding environment and other factors.

Another notable element is that with this invention useful tools can be created so that the Public Administration and other owners of historic buildings, so that they can have a continuous control and management system of the state of the building, establishing predictive maintenance programs. preventive depending on the data thrown by sensory networks.

In summary, with the invention it is intended to break in a disruptive manner with the current philosophy of treatment and conservation of monumental heritage in cities, focusing efforts on the prediction of defects that can potentially appear and providing technicians with measuring tools, visualization and analysis to predict the future behavior of the building

Or keep.

Description of the figures

To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of a simplified building tracking system carried out in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 represents a block diagram of the extension of this system to a group of buildings.

Figure 3 schematically shows the main sequences of the method. Among which is the application of the prediction algorithms of each pathological process to which each building may be subject to monitoring.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The predictive maintenance system of buildings and structures of the present invention is capable of correlating physical and chemical factors to which the building is exposed to the damages and pathological processes that may occur in the future as a result of these factors.

This system consists of a network of sensors (81, 82, 83, ..., 8n) placed in strategic places of the historic building or of the structure to be controlled, which includes: physiometers, clinometers, thermohygrometers, accelerometers, tensometers, gauges PH, environmental analyzers, etc., which measure certain physicochemical factors of the building and the surrounding environment. These data are interpreted in an automated way by the system to predict what the building's behavior will be in the future, anticipating damages and injuries that may occur.

Each of the sensors (81, 82, 83, ..., Sn), or is connected by

wired to a node (NS) that is equipped with a wireless transmission antenna, preferably via Wifj or Bluetooth with a central communication node (NC); or it has its own means of wireless communication and directly transmits the collected data to said central communications node (NC). Each sensor node (NS) is an electronic board suitable for receiving and interpreting the measurements of the sensors and providing the value of the measurement in its magnitude; This board incorporates a communication module wirelessly to a central node (NC) to transmit the measured values via Wifi, Bluetooth Low Energy, ZIGBEE, 4G, GPRS, SIGFOX, etc.

The aforementioned central communications node (NC) is physically constituted by a computer, Tablet, Raspberry, or a device of similar characteristics, capable of processing the data received from the sensors and transmitting them to a data center (CD), for the purpose which is provided on the one hand with an antenna for receiving the signals of the different nodes (NS) or sensors (S1, S2) with its own technology suitable for transmitting via Wifi and on the other hand an output antenna that communicates the data between the central communication node (NC) and the server (Serv) external to the building, by means of Wifi communication or by GPR8 or 4G if the building does not have an internet connection.

In an alternative structure, for example when the number of sensors is minimal or they are all concentrated in a single sensor node (NS) it is feasible to provide said node with transmission means via Wifi or via GPRS or 4G directly with the center of data (CD), in this case the sensor node (NS) brings together the functions of the central communication node (NC). It is also feasible in those cases where sensors equipped with their own wireless communication system (in Figure 1, sensors 81 and 82) are installed, to eliminate the sensor node (NS) and directly establish communication between the sensors with the node communications center (NC).

The data center (CD) includes a server (Serv) where the information transmitted by the central node (NC) of each building in predictive maintenance is stored and processed. Several user terminals (T1, T2, T3, ..., Tn), Tablet, Smartphone, pe, etc. are connected to this server, preferably via the Internet so that users can control the status of their building or structure from anywhere in the world with internet connection and receive notices or emergency signals. This connection is preferably made through a web application through which the user has access to the control and management of his building and the database, allowing him to configure his sensor network, his alert system, periodicity of the measurement, visualize the sensor data in tables or graphs, analyze the 3D model of your building and know the future behavior of your building from the prediction module. This software is hosted on a web platform for access from anywhere in the world with an Internet connection, for Tablet, 8martphone, PC, etc.

Likewise, in the server (8erv) existing in the data center (CD), a computer prediction tool (HP) is implemented, which, depending on the physical and chemical parameters measured by the sensors, is able to estimate how it will behave and deteriorate the structure or building in the future. This is done through algorithms (Alg) that correlate the measured physicochemical parameters with the pathological processes that can be given as a function of time, building or structural typology, materials used, geometry, current state of deterioration etc. These correlation algorithms are introduced into the software and also the warning and predictive building management system for users.

All data received by the server (8erv) is sorted and stored in a database. Likewise, the results of previous studies are ordered and entered in the same database of the controlled building.

The predictive maintenance method of buildings and structures requires a previous phase of implementation in which:

the sensor network is installed (81, 82, 83, ..., 8n) placed in places

strategic of the building or structure to be controlled, the network of

sensor nodes (N8), central communications nodes (NC), as well

as the data center (CD) and on the server (8erv) the tools

computer predictive (HP) and user access; Y

a study of each building is carried out to establish the correlations and

prediction algorithms, since each building and pathological process has its own

own algorithm, which is calculated for each specific case using the scientific and technical knowledge that is known for each pathological process, since these obey specific and known physicochemical laws. This algorithm is introduced in the control software and is in charge of continuously evaluating the rate of progress of the deterioration, if the process is stable or if a negative evolution can be estimated, if the structure is at risk of instability, or if The process can produce irreversible, significant and costly damage in the future if no action is taken.

This algorithm (Alg) has a communication module with the user, which transmits reports, warnings, alerts and predictive maintenance programs with technical-economic evaluations of the results.

Once the system is implemented, the damage assessment and quantification method is based on applying the prediction algorithm of each building on the variable data (V) measured by the central communication node (NC) that has been received from the measurements taken by the sensors and on a series of constant values (C), which are mainly data collected in the previous study carried out in the building

or structure, such as the characteristics of the land. geometry, damage

initials, material characteristics, etc. This algorithm calculates the prediction (Am) in time (t) of the pathological process observed, which can be a value, a trend, a rate of deterioration, a scalable degree of instability, a safety ratio, etc., based on the number (m) of pathological processes to be controlled, the number of constants (i) that influence the pathological process to be controlled, and the number of variables U) that influence the pathological process to be controlled; In general terms the formula is as follows:

A correlation adjustment factor (Ka) is applied to the result of this algorithm (An), which compares the theoretical value given by the algorithm with a measured real value, which is subject to a feedback process in the early stages of measure to ensure an adjustment close to value 1.

Finally, the evaluation and quantification of the damage is carried out by comparing the value of Am, once adjusted, with the threshold values and risk indicators,

allowing to establish and measure the relationships between the factors (causes) and the effects (alterations) that occur in the building or structure under maintenance, from the recording of the parameters measured by the sensors, their study and analysis, also determining the physical and chemical mechanisms that are occurring between these factors and their effects on the state of conservation of heritage.

For each aggression factor, a scale of potential damage is established that can occur in elements or buildings depending on the level of exposure detected and the intrinsic characteristics of the building. The damage scale is established based on the irreversible deterioration that it produces on the elements and the degree to which the deterioration of the goods accelerates.

In contrast to what is currently done, which is to act correctively, the present invention focuses on obtaining cause-effect relationships that facilitate the prediction of alterations that occur and develop appropriate sensory networks, which measure parameters continuously, to to be able to establish predictive maintenance programs on the monumental and building heritage of our cities.

Example of application of the invention for a number "m" of different pathological processes

The predictive maintenance maintenance method is applied to a 15th-century church composed of masonry walls, vaults and buttresses, with retaining walls for a semi-basement in the chapel area. It is located in a land with expansive clays and a mortar with a high salt content has been used. There are also ceramic brick areas in several of the facades. For this, the following variables will be measured, using the corresponding sensors:

1) Outside temperature and humidity (thermohygrometers, etc.).

2) Indoor temperature and humidity (thermohygrometers, etc.).

3) Temperature of facade walls (probes and contact meters).

4) Humidity in the ground (probes. Piezometers. Etc.).

5) Moisture in walls (probes, etc.).

6) Precipitation (rain gauges).

7) Opening and closing existing fissures (fisurometers).

8) Presence detectors.

9) Inclination of walls and buttresses (clinometers, displacement meter,

etc.).

10) Air pollution (suspended particles (PM10 and PM2.5),

sulfur dioxide (802), nitrogen oxides (NO and N02), monoxide

carbon (CO), benzene (C6H6) and ozone (03)).

11) Vibrations when passing vehicles.

12) Wind speed (Anemometers).

With the help of these variables, the following pathological processes can be studied:

A) Foundation movements There are movements in the foundation as a result of significant moisture changes in the active layer of expansive clays. To predict the behavior of the foundation, the swelling pressure of the clays, the percentage of these on the ground and the humidity changes that occur at the foundation level as a result of rainfall and weather conditions must be calculated. This pathology usually produces fissures in the walls that are increasing in each seasonal cycle. You can predict the loss of stiffness of the walls in the future by estimating the increase in cracking that occurs in each seasonal cycle. For this, variables (1) and (4) are used.

B) Semi-basement wall collapses Semi-basement wall collapses, due to horizontal loads, increased loads, reduced stiffness of cracking walls, foundation movements, moisture in walls, loss of wall mass, etc. The humidity sensors and the control of the cracks in the wall provide us with data on how the stiffness of the wall varies to support horizontal actions on it. Walls can lose mass (which causes them to lose stiffness), as a result of air pollution and certain biological alterations. Variables (4), (6) and (9) are used.

C) Crashes of facade walls and buttresses.

Collapses of façade walls and buttresses occur, due to the action of horizontal loads, such as wind, increase of loads in the vaults as a result of pigeon debris, decrease of the stiffness of cracking walls, foundation movements, moisture in walls , loss of mass of walls, etc. The humidity sensors and the control of the fissures of the wall provide us with data on how the stiffness of the wall varies to withstand the horizontal actions on it, mainly wind and overload of the vaults. The level of security will vary depending on how the horizontal actions do in relation to the decrease of the wall's resistant capacity. Walls can lose mass (which causes them to lose stiffness), as a result of air pollution and certain biological alterations. Variables (1), (5), (7), (9), (10) Y (12) are used.

D) Efflorescences on walls. Efflorescences are a form of alteration that consists in the crystallization of salts of diverse nature on the surface of factories, due to phenomena of migration and evaporation of water containing soluble salts. They have a direct relationship with the exposure to the rain of the facades and the climatic conditions. Variables (1) and (12) are used.

E) Sand, erosion, spraying, alveolization of facades. They can be produced by the crystallization of salts in the pores of water transported materials. The pressures exerted by the crystallization of the soluble salts inside the pores or micropores of the stone, brick and mortar can cause the disintegration of the structure of the material that contains them, especially in those materials with greater abundance of micropores, giving place to different forms of physical-chemical deterioration (especially alveolization and arenization). Variables (1), (2), (3), (5), (6) Y (10) are used.

F) Fissuring of facades by ice action. The partial or total transformation into ice of the water contained inside the pores and fissures of the materials (stone, bricks and mortars), represents an increase in volume that generates internal tensions, which in turn cause new fissures that eventually lead in repeated cycles of ice-thaw, to exfoliation, cracking and eventual breakage of the material. You can estimate the loss of

material over time depending on the weather conditions and environmental exposure of the facade. Variables (1), (2), (3), (5), (6) Y (10) are used.

G) Biological alterations. Among the biotic agents with the highest incidence are: bacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, higher plants and animals. The deterioration they produce in stone factories is both physical (fractures and disintegration), as well as chemical. Microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) produce organic acids. The penetration of the roots of plants and trees through fissures and weaknesses results in expansion forces that increase cracking and deterioration. Pigeon droppings, for example, contain boric acid, among other types of acid, which can react with carbonates in the support. These organisms need a certain temperature and humidity for their growth and development, so that areas more prone to their appearance and impact can be established. Variables (1), (2), (3), (5), (6) Y (10) are used.

Next, from the previous example, we are going to determine a first value for the prediction (An) in the pathological process of a wall that receives horizontal earthworks actions.

There are many walls that suffer instability to overturn over time as a result of variable horizontal actions, which suffer mainly from land thrusts. This process is usually manifested by collapsing the shaft of the wall and the appearance of cracks. This pathology occurs very often in walls, churches, and old buildings, when reinforced concrete did not exist. It is also common in reinforced concrete structures, for the same reasons mentioned.

The constants involved in this process are the following:

-

H: Wall height.

-

Z: Foundation dimensions.

-

E: Modulus of elasticity of the constituent material of the wall.

1: Moment of inertia of the cross section.

-

cp: Angle of internal friction of the ground. -Ys: Dry density of the ground material. -a: Angle of the wall facing with the horizontal.

-you; Wall-terrain friction angle. -p, Terrain slope angle. -en: Tipping safety coefficient> 1

5 On the other hand, the variables involved in the process are the following: -Ya: Apparent density of the soil material (depends on the humidity) -e: Cohesion of the ground (depends on the humidity) -h%: Humidity it contains the land. Measurement sensor (capacitive,

piezometers, etc.) 10 -O: Wall crash. Measurement sensor (Clinometers, displacement meters, etc.). -Dp: Permanent crash, which is maintained once the load that produced it has been removed. -Lm: Liters per square meter on the ground. Measurement sensor 15 (Rain gauge, etc.).

The algorithm involved in this process of calculation of thrusts is the following: The active thrust is solved by applying Coulomb's theory. The values of the horizontal and vertical pressure at a point of the transdos located at a depth z are calculated as: Ph = Ya .Z · Ah -2 · c'¡¡:; · cosó; Pv = Ya. ZAv

Being,

sen2 (a + (j)) Ah = 1

~ ======== - l'2

sen2a [1 + sen (p + ó) sen (p -P) senCa o) senCa + p)

Av = AhcotgCa -o)

z: depth of ground

(j): Angle of internal friction of the ground.

a: Wall angle of the wall with the horizontal.

25 or: Wall-ground friction angle.

p, Terrain slope angle.

The elastic deformation in the wall head (arrow) and the rotation that the previous load state will produce is:

F = ~ Ph ", C'ocZoc = _H ~ J.c-H_ '30 · E · ¡

, -, Ph, -, C "Z., - = _ H" .J '- ;. c'H, - 3

e = -24. AND./

Being,

F: Theoretical elastic deformation in wall head, for the pressure of the 5 terrain.

8: Theoretical angle rotated for ground pressure.

In the previous formulas, there are 2 values that vary depending on the humidity in the soil, these are the apparent density and cohesion of the material:

Ya = fChOfoJ

e = fChOfoJ

These 2 functions depend on the humidity of the terrain and are decisive to know what the real thrust of the terrain is at each moment, so that they will initially be introduced into the system through an adjustment of correlation with

humidity, using values obtained through tests from 0% humidity to saturated soil (at least 3 tests).

At the time of operating the system, the sensors will begin to

15 record values of rainfall, soil moisture, deformation and rotation of the wall. These values will be continuously compared with the theoretical elastic deformation (F) and the angle of rotation (8), and based on this comparison the system decides between several alternatives:

1) The deformation and rotation recorded by the sensors are values close to the

20 theoretical (F, 8) for the different humidity levels recorded. The structure is behaving in an elastic regime, deforming proportionally to the thrusts, which vary depending on the humidity as we have commented previously. The roll unstability process has not started.

2) The deformation and rotation recorded by the sensors are very different values from the theoretical ones (F, 8) for the different humidity levels recorded. In this case, 2 things can happen:

i. The theoretical model does not fit reality. It will be verified that it follows a different elastic model, comparing pairs of humidity data recorded at different times. If at different times the recorded deformations of the same level of soil moisture are equal to each other, the model follows an elastic behavior different from the theoretical one. A theoretical model will be created by adjusting the correlation between the recorded humidity (h%) and the measured deformation (D).

ii. Higher deformations (D) occur in subsequent moments for the same humidity levels. This is due to the fact that the wall has turned for a certain level of humidity (as we have seen the thrust is a function of the humidity of the ground) and there has been a permanent deformation (permanent D), although later it can behave again following a model elastic. In this case, the system alerts the user to take measurements and compares the permanent crash with

the maximum permitted collapse (1) And recalculates the adjustment by correlation between the recorded humidity (h%) and the measured deformation (D), taking into account the permanent deformation recorded. If new permanent deformations continue to occur, the system continues to operate, adjusting the model iteratively, until the deformation measured by the sensor (D), reaches the maximum allowed collapse value and issues an emergency warning to the user to take urgent measures.

The maximum permanent crash is defined by the user, and can be a maximum value of Dp or a speed factor 11 ::. It is established based on the importance of the construction and the level of security that you want to achieve.

Among the advantages obtained with this system, it is worth mentioning that it allows to control the deformation of the wall at all times, checking the elastic behavior. In the case of permanent deformations, it is possible to act on the causes that have produced them (lack of maintenance of mechinales, entry of water into the trasdos, new overloads that require reinforcements, etc.). The system has registered the humidity values for which permanent deformations have occurred, so these measures must be aimed at guaranteeing permissible humidity levels. Lets check the

5 Goodness of the corrections that are made in the wall to guarantee the stability to overturn (elimination of the causes of water entry, drainage, maintenance, etc.), because the system is adjusted again after returning to the elastic behavior.

10 The prediction (Am) in this case study is the value of D that will be produced in the future depending on the frequency of the precipitation level (Lm), which in turn produces a humidity level (h%) in the terrain, which affects the thrusts. These thrusts can produce elastic deformations or permanent deformations, depending on this humidity. The system has been recording the values of

15 permanent deformation that occurs for different states of humidity, so you can estimate the crash, elastic and permanent, that occurs in an instant t of time taking into account the weather forecast by seasons.

Claims (3)

1.-Method of predictive maintenance of buildings and structures, which requires an implementation phase in which a network of sensors (81, 82, 83, ..., Sn) installed in strategic places of the building or of the building is installed. structure to be controlled, the necessary communications elements (NS, NC) are also installed to transmit the records of said sensors to a data center (CD), in which there is at least one server (Serv) that incorporates an application of access to users and computing tools of calculation, this method comprising a previous phase in which a study is carried out of each building in which the correlations and prediction algorithms are established and the values of certain constants are measured in relation to to the terrain, geometry, initial damages, type of materials, or other characteristics specific to each specific case, and this algorithm is introduced in the control software; characterized in that the damage assessment and quantification phase is based on applying the prediction algorithm of each building on the variable data (V) measured by the sensor network (81, 82, 83, ..., Sn) and on a series of constant values (C) that have been determined in the previous phase carried out in the building or structure for which it is treated, in order to determine a first value for the prediction (An) in the time of the observed pathological process: Am = F (e "e2, e3,. E¡; V" V2, V3, ... Vi) x Kam, which is function of the number (m) of pathological processes to be controlled, the number of constants (i) that influence the pathological process to be controlled and the number of variables U) that influence the pathological process to be controlled; at which value a correlation adjustment factor (Ka) is applied that compares the theoretical value provided by the algorithm with a measured real value, which is subject to a feedback process in the first measurement stages to ensure a close adjustment to the value 1; And finally, the result value of applying the algorithm once adjusted, with the threshold values and risk indicators, is compared to establish and measure the relationships between the factors (causes) and the effects (alterations) that occur in the building or maintenance structure, from the recording of the parameters measured by the sensors (81, 82, 83, ..., Sn). 2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that for each aggression factor a scale of potential damage is established that can occur in elements or buildings depending on the level of exposure that is detected and the intrinsic characteristics of the building, establishing said scale of damage based on the irreversible deterioration that it produces on the elements and the degree to which it accelerates the deterioration of the building or structure under maintenance. 3.-System of predictive maintenance of buildings and structures, which provides for the installation of a series of sensors (81, 82, 83, ..., Sn) placed in strategic places of the building or of the structure to be controlled, as well as of a series of communications devices necessary to transmit the records of said sensors to a data center where at least one server (Serv) is available that incorporates an application for access to the users of said data and optionally a computer tool for calculation, characterized in that it comprises: a series of sensors (S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn) placed in strategic places of the building or of the structure to be controlled, consisting of physiometers, clinometers, thermohygrometers, accelerometers, tensometers, PH meters, environmental analyzers, or similar devices that measure physical-chemical factors of the building and the surrounding environment; in which either each of the sensors (S3, S4, ...) is wired to a node (NS) that is equipped with a wireless transmission antenna with a central communication node (NC); or each sensor (S1, S2) has its own wireless communication means and directly transmits the collected data to said central eNC communications node); a central communications node (NC) consisting of a device capable of processing the data received from the sensors and transmitting them to a data center (CO), for which purpose it is provided on one side of an antenna for receiving the signals of the different nodes (NS) or sensors (S1, S2) and on the other hand of an output antenna that communicates the data between this central communication node (NC) and an existing server (Serv) in said data center ( CO); a data center (CO) that includes at least one server (Serv) where the information transmitted by the central node (NC) of each building in predictive maintenance is stored and processed, to which several user terminals (T1, T2 are connected) , T3, ..., Tn), preferably through the Internet, in order to control and manage your building, as well as a computer prediction tool (HP), which depending on physical and chemical parameters measured by the sensor network (S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn) estimates the behavior and deterioration of the structure or building in the future, using algorithms (Alg) that correlate the measured physico-chemical parameters with the pathological processes that can occur depending on weather 5. System according to claim 3, characterized in that each sensor node (NS) is an electronic board suitable for receiving and interpreting the measurements of the sensors (83, ..., Sn) and providing the value of the measured in its magnitude, which incorporates a communication module wirelessly to a central node (NC). 10. System according to any of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that it includes a database in which all 105 data received by the server (Serv) are ordered and stored, together with the results of previous studies of the controlled building 6. System according to any of claims 3 or 5, characterized in that in an alternative structure the sensor node (NS) is provided with transmission means directly with the data center (CD), in this case agglutinating the communication functions of the central communication node (NC) with the center 20 data (CD).