ES2570466B1 - Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets consisting of a device that allows conversions of electrical voltage and charge intensity as an electric circuit of direct and / or alternating current, using the behavior of electrons in graphite sheets that interact as if they were waves due to their ballistic conduction and based on the resistivity of a layer of graphite arranged in a specific geometry until forming a unit or module that belongs to a set of equal modules designed for its possible electrical connection until adapting to the desired application, having applications in the electronics sector as a power supply adapter and / or as an electronic component.

Description

Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, as expressed in the statement of this specification, is intended to provide an electric circuit of direct and / or alternating current based on the resistivity of one or more graphite sheets, taking advantage of the behavior of electrons in Graphite sheets that interact as if they were waves due to their ballistic conduction.

The present invention finds its field of application, in the industry of manufacturing power supply adapters and / or manufacturing electronic components.

15 BACKGROUND IN THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

Problems associated with the autonomy and charging of electric vehicles It is known by all the problems associated with the recharging of the increasingly widespread electric vehicles.

20 Regarding recharge types Recharge types are commonly known as conventional or fast recharge. The speed of the recharge is obtained according to the type of electric current (alternating or continuous), obtaining different levels of amperage and, consequently, of electrical power. Thus, a conventional recharge takes about eight

25 hours, while a quick charge for fifteen minutes can be charged approximately 65% of the battery depending on the temperature of the battery and the state of charge

In practice, a recharge infrastructure with a higher power allows faster recharges 30

Regarding the charging mode, it depends on the level of communication between charging infrastructure and electric vehicle. Thus, the modes with higher numbering correspond, in general terms, to infrastructures with a higher level of communication protocols.

35 high. That is, the communication protocol according to currently existing Mode 1, 2, 3 or 4 impacts the level of control of the charging process between charging infrastructure and electric vehicle. Finally, regarding the type of connector, it is the plug for the connection of the electric vehicle recharge. There are different brands and models that have different

5 configurations of number of inputs and for communications with electric vehicle. There is no standardization. The most common are: domestic type plug without communications; plug with 3 inputs (ground, phase and neutral) and 2 pins for communications; and plug with 5 inputs (ground, three phases and neutral) and 2 pins for communications such as Schuko Plug, SAE J1772 Connector, "Mennekes" Connector,

10 Scame connector, Yazaki connector or Combo connector

Based on the background described, focusing attention on the electric vehicle charging process, the state of the art basically presents three modalities.

15 A. CONVENTIONAL RECHARGE (16 Amps) Conventional recharge applies power levels that involve a charge lasting approximately 8 hours.

The conventional single-phase load uses the electric current and voltage of the same

20 level than the house itself, that is, 16 amps and 230 volts. This implies that the electrical power that the point can deliver for this type of loads is approximately 3.7 kW.

With this power level, the battery charging process takes about 8 hours. This

25 solution is optimal, fundamentally, to recharge the electric vehicle overnight in a garage of a single-family home or community garage. To make the electric vehicle a reality and taking into account the current electrical system, the optimal recharge from the point of view of energy efficiency, is to perform this type of recharge during the night period, which is when

30 less energy demand exists.

B SEMI-QUICK RECHARGE (32 Amps) Semi-fast recharge applies power levels that involve a load with a Duration of about 4 hours.

The semi-fast charge uses 32 amps of intensity and 230 VAC of electrical voltage. This implies that the electrical power that the point can deliver for this type of loads is approximately 7.3kW.

5 With this power level, the battery charging process takes about 4 hours. This solution is optimal, fundamentally, to recharge the electric vehicle during the night in a garage of a single-family home or community garage.

C. FAST RECHARGE

10 The most appropriate type of charge is fast recharging, which means that in 15 minutes 65% of the battery can be charged.

The fast charge uses a greater electrical intensity and, in addition, delivers the energy in direct current, obtaining an output power of the order of 50kW.

This solution is the one that, from the client's point of view, resembles its current refueling habits with a combustion vehicle.

These charges should be conceived as an extension of autonomy or charges of convenience. The electrical requirements are higher than in conventional recharging.

Which implies the need to adapt the existing electricity grid. To put a reference, the power required for this type of facilities is comparable to that of a building with 15 homes.

That is, basically and by way of conclusion the problem to be solved associated with generalization in the use of the electric vehicle is autonomy and recharge speed.

Use of graphite Taking into account the possibilities offered by graphite, it is very widespread in nature and structurally consists of flat layers of hexagonally organized atoms that bind weakly to each other, forming the so-called

35 layers of graphene. It is a soft, unctuous substance, bright black.

Thus, graphite is a good conductor of electric current, resists the action of many chemical reagents and is quite stable against heat. For all these properties it is used to manufacture electrodes and crucibles as well as in some electroplating processes.

Currently existing techniques for producing polymer-graphite compounds with the utility of being good conductors of electricity have adhesion problems or require special bonding additives if they are to be used for polymer coating.

10 However, there are no known applications where the resistivity of the graphite as a specific resistance of the graphite, and the ballistic conduction of the electrons in the graphite sheets that act as if they were waves, determine an electrical potential difference in the plane of its surface, unknown background of

15 similar devices that take advantage of or exploit these features.

That is, the state of the art does not provide electrical devices based on the resistivity of graphite and its properties for transporting electrons, which allow the transformation of continuous or alternating electric current into its two fundamental magnitudes, potential difference and electrical intensity at so that it can be used as a power supply, offering great utility to the storage of continuous electrical energy for its subsequent use once transformed using the present invention in the recharge of other electrical storage devices or as a transformed power supply to the requirements of each device

25 electronic in an electric powers and charging times unknown until now.

That is, by way of conclusion, the device object of the invention allows conversions of electric voltage and load intensity, having applications equally in the electronics sector as a power source or even as a component

30 electronic.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

By way of explanation of the invention, the "Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets" 35 is formed based on the combination of a set of equal modules designed for

possible electrical connection to make them compatible with the desired application, where each module contains the following elements;

A. A sheet of crystalline graphite bonded homogeneously to the surface

5 of an apolar polymer, arranged longitudinally as a substrate, where the longitudinally arranged graphite sheet determines the primary circuit of electricity.

B. Secondary circuit based on the transverse or perpendicular arrangement to the

10 direction of circulation of the intensity of the primary, according to strips of metallic conductors such as copper arranged parallel to each other and distributed regularly over the entire surface of the said graphite sheet to form a set of secondary circuits at the same voltage, characterized by the resistance associated with the section of graphite that separates each secondary circuit.

Regarding the apolar polymer as a substrate, it is preferably achieved based on high impact or high density polystyrene due to its adhesion capacity and given the apolar character of the atomic bonds of graphite and said polystyrene, facilitating interactions between dipoles induced by contact and rubbing of graphite powder,

20 on the surface thereof.

This is about coating polymeric objects that have any shape,

making use of its electrostatic properties, by contact and rubbing,

there is very good adhesion between the polymeric surface and the coating

25 consisting of small amounts of carbon.

Under the described configuration, the primary circuit voltage is the potential difference

existing between the metal conductor strips located at both ends of the

sheet and on which the electrical connection to the corresponding battery is carried out

30 or external power source. While the sum of the voltages of the secondary circuit set, according to successive outputs to electrical connections between strips of successive electrical conductors, is very close to the primary voltage

As with the use of any conductor, the larger the surface of the graphite sheet adhered on the polymer substrate and / or the greater the thickness of the graphite sheet, the lower the resistance to the passage of the electric current optimizing consequently the performance in the secondary circuit.

In order to achieve high performance, the adhesion of the film sheet must be carried out.

5 graphite on the polymer substrate in a homogeneous manner, being also critical for performance purposes, that the distances between each of the strips of the successive metal conductors are identifiable, confining successive electrical circuits in the secondary identical to each other that close with the connection of the receiver or battery to be charged.

10 Thus, depending on the electrical parameters of the accumulator to be charged, its charging speed and / or the requirements of the electrical or electronic device that it serves as a power supply, a number of identical, overlapping and contactless modules are available between them, so that the primary circuits connect

15 in parallel to the battery or external power source, while the secondary circuits are electrically connected through their successive outputs and inputs, optimizing the electrical load of the element to be connected when obtaining an intensity in each secondary circuit equal to the voltage between two metal strips divided by the resistance associated to the graphite that separates them multiplied by the number of modules.

20 Finally, using electronic devices controlling the input of electricity, the transformed output can be adjusted to the required needs, avoiding unused energy consumption and selecting the number of units of graphite-polymer sheet that the application requires.

Likewise, with electronic control devices, the number of closed secondary circuits can be established and, therefore, in operation, based on a set of combinations that allow obtaining the electrical voltage and the required load depending on the object application.

30 The proposed system behaves similarly in the case of both direct and alternating current applications. Likewise, it is also important to indicate how in general, greater resistance in the graphite sheet increases the ability to withstand high stresses at its entrance.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to preferred examples of practical realization thereof, it is accompanied as an integral part of

5 this description, a set of figures in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Main perspective view of the "Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets" module. 10 Figure 2.-Main perspective view of "Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets» according to a configuration in three superimposed modules.

In the mentioned figures the following constituent elements can be highlighted:

15 1. High impact polystyrene sheet

2.

Graphite powder arranged on the surface.

3.

Copper strips at the inlet or manifold and outlet or drain ends of the primary circuit.

Four.

Copper strips on the intermediate surface that make up the outputs and inputs 20 of the corresponding secondary circuits.

5.

External power supply.

6.

Batteries or electric receiver to which the transformed energy is supplied.

7.

Connection of primary circuits in parallel.

8.

Intensity connections of the secondary circuits of each module to the same receiver.

EXAMPLE OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT By way of example of a preferred embodiment of the "Electric circuit based on graphite sheets and in view of figures 1 and 2, it is shown how the reference has been made

30 device using a high impact polystyrene sheet (1) 0.5 mm thick, 1 cm wide and 20 cm long, adhering the corresponding graphite powder (2) by contact-rubbing with a material such as the latex that allows, exerting a constant pressure, a very uniform and stable adhesion based on its triboelectric effect. Next, we have several copper strips transversely (3) of

35 0.5 mm at the ends of the length of the attached graphite sheet that will act as the input or collector and exit or drain of the primary electric current respectively,

as well as the transverse and successive arrangement on the intermediate surface of strips of

0.5 mm copper (4) that will serve as the input and output of 10 electrical circuits

intermediate, taking equal distances between them as seen in Figure 1.

5 In an ideal situation with the adhesion of a uniform graphite sheet across its surface, applying a continuous external electrical current connection by means of the corresponding power supply (5) on the first 120-volt, 10-milliampere conductive wire and a resistor measured at the ends of the graphite sheet of 12,000 Ohms, we obtain a primary output current in the last of the conducting wires

10 characterized by having an electrical voltage very close to 120 volts and 10 milliamps, obtaining in each of the intermediate and independent equidistant electrical circuits 12 volts and 10 milliamps.

From the module shown in Figure 1, the application overlapped, independent and in

15 parallel to a set of units of graphite sheets on polymer as shown in Figure 2 connected in parallel (7) to the same power supply (5) and the electrical connection of the successive conductor strips equidistant from the different units of graphite sheet (8), will allow obtaining the desired electric charge intensity at the required voltage in ten independent secondary circuits. In practice and

20 taking into account the losses due to heat dissipation, width and resistance of the conductive wires, and not perfect uniformity of graphite adhesion, an efficiency above 80% is obtained.

In the described example, the parallel arrangement of 50 units of polymer sheet

25 graphite according to modules of Figure 1, connected as shown in Figure 2 for three modules, allowed the lighting of 10 12-volt Ieds strips.

As an alternative embodiment in another application for recharging an electric battery of an electric vehicle using another charged battery, on the basis of the same embodiment described above, it is arranged on a high impact polystyrene sheet (1 ) 3 cm wide x 5cm long and 0.5 mm thick, we have transversely two strips of copper (3) of 0.5 mm at the ends of the length of the attached graphite sheet that will serve as input or collector and outlet or drain of the primary electric current respectively, as well as the transverse and successive arrangement on the intermediate surface of 0.5 mm copper strips (4) that will make the

times of input and output of 10 intermediate electrical circuits, taking equal distances between them according to the aforementioned figure 1.

In the overlapping, independent and parallel arrangement in 250,000 units of sheets

5 of graphite on the polymer according to Figure 1 in the arrangement of Figure 2 and the joining of the successive equidistant conductive strips of the different units of graphite sheet (8), we apply a continuous external electric current from batteries adapted to fast recharge , of 24 volts connected in parallel and providing the first conductor wire of the set with magnitudes of 24 volts and 2,500 amps, having

10 a resistance measured at the ends of each and every one of the graphite sheets of

2,400 Ohms In this way we achieve a primary output current in the last of the conductor wires of the set characterized by having an electrical voltage close to 24 volts and an intensity close to 2,500 amps, and in each of the secondary, equidistant, connected electrical circuits in parallel, intermediate and independent in

15 the vicinity of 2.4 volts and 2,500 amps. Taking into account these quantities of starting power, sufficient electricity would be supplied for rapid recharging in minutes of approximately 2000 battery cells of electric vehicles of 2.2 volts and 2 amps each unit.

20 Obviously, for the fulfillment of the objective the definition of supports with connections of 20 units is required, according to 10 direct inputs and 10 direct electrical outputs, as well as the implementation of electronic control circuits. In our definition of the example, the number of units of graphite-polymer sheets specified in 250,000 units would occupy an approximate volume of 1 cubic meter.

It is not considered necessary to make this description more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands the scope of the invention and the advantages derived therefrom. The procedure of adhesion of crystalline graphite by manual or mechanized means, the shapes or dimensions of the device object of the invention, materials,

30 connection techniques or their different applications will be susceptible of variation as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essentiality of the invention.

Claims (3)

  1.-Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets for use in both direct current and alternating current, characterized by being carried out based on the combination of a set of equal modules designed for possible electrical connection to make it compatible with the application desired, where each module contains the following elements; A. Crystalline graphite, bonded homogeneously by contact and rubbing to the upper surface of a nonpolar polymer, arranged longitudinally as a substrate, where the resulting graphite sheet arranged longitudinally determines the primary circuit of electricity, whose voltage is the difference of potential existing between two strips of metal conductors located at both ends of the sheet and to which the corresponding battery or external power source is electrically connected. B. Secondary circuit characterized by its transverse or perpendicular arrangement to the direction of primary intensity circulation, according to strips of metallic conductors such as copper, arranged parallel to each other and distributed regularly over the entire surface of the said graphite sheet, until forming a set of secondary circuits at the same voltage. 2.-Electrical circuit based on graphite sheets according to claim 1, characterized in that said equal modules, each consisting of the graphite sheet disposed on the substrate, are electrically connected in the number of modules required to adapt to the desired application , so that the primary circuits are connected in parallel to the battery or external power source, while the secondary circuits are electrically connected through their successive outputs and inputs with the same relative position, to obtain the intensity in each circuit of the secondary required by the receiving load.