ES2536603A1 - Dynamic control system of supercapacitors with optimization of loading and unloading. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Dynamic control system of supercapacitors with optimization of loading and unloading. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2536603A1 ES2536603A1 ES201331565A ES201331565A ES2536603A1 ES 2536603 A1 ES2536603 A1 ES 2536603A1 ES 201331565 A ES201331565 A ES 201331565A ES 201331565 A ES201331565 A ES 201331565A ES 2536603 A1 ES2536603 A1 ES 2536603A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/242—Home appliances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Sistema de control dinámico de supercondensadores con optimización de la carga y la descarga. Dynamic supercapacitor control system with optimization of loading and unloading.
Sector de la técnica Technical sector
La invención se encuadra en el sector técnico de electrónica, más concretamente en el relativo a la gestión de sistemas de almacenamiento y gestión energética de supercondensadores. 10 The invention is part of the technical electronics sector, more specifically in the management of storage systems and energy management of supercapacitors. 10
Estado de la técnica State of the art
Desde que en la década de los 50 del siglo pasado se inventaron los supercondensadores, destacan sus ventajas como acumuladores de energía de gran 15 capacidad. Además, su carga es mucho más rápida que la de otros sistemas de almacenamiento. Lo mismo se puede decir de su descarga, la cual, al contrario que otros acumuladores, puede realizarse hasta casi el vacío completo. Su vida útil también es una ventaja, puesto que presentan millones de ciclos, frente a los cientos o pocos miles de ciclos que pueden prestar las baterías convencionales. 20 Since supercondensers were invented in the 50s of the last century, their advantages stand out as large-capacity energy accumulators. In addition, its load is much faster than that of other storage systems. The same can be said of its discharge, which, unlike other accumulators, can be performed until almost full vacuum. Their useful life is also an advantage, since they have millions of cycles, compared to the hundreds or few thousands of cycles that conventional batteries can provide. twenty
Sin embargo, no es hasta hace dos décadas cuando se produce su desarrollo comercial a gran escala. Ello fue debido al avance de la tecnología que permitió la reducción de la resistencia interna. Desde entonces, es muy numeroso el número de patentes que tienen que ver con este tipo de dispositivos y sus aplicaciones. 25 However, it is not until two decades ago that its large-scale commercial development occurs. This was due to the advancement of technology that allowed the reduction of internal resistance. Since then, the number of patents that have to do with this type of devices and their applications is very numerous. 25
El uso de supercondensadores se ha extendido especialmente allí donde es necesario un aporte intenso de energía en un breve periodo de tiempo, tal como motores de arranque (por ejemplo en vehículos eléctricos, donde también la rápida carga es de utilidad en frenadas), o absorción de breves picos de potencia en consumos de redes eléctricas. 30 The use of supercapacitors has been extended especially where an intense supply of energy is necessary in a short period of time, such as starter motors (for example in electric vehicles, where also rapid loading is useful in braking), or absorption of short power peaks in power grid consumption. 30
En lo que concierne a la utilidad para la presente invención, ha sido intenso el esfuerzo investigador. As regards the utility for the present invention, the research effort has been intense.
Por ejemplo, respecto a diseñar elementos de control que permitan aumentar la vida útil 35 de los supercondensadores evitando sobretensiones y aplicando controles a varios módulos de supercondensadores, son interesantes las patentes realizadas por X. Maynard et al. (US 2013/0093400 A1), o E. Cegnar et al. (US 2009/0315484 A1). En ambas, y según las tensiones de los distintos módulos, el centro de control decide qué módulo o módulos de condensadores se cargan en determinado momento y cuáles se 40 descargan. Mientras que Maynard se centra en la protección contra sobretensiones, en el caso de la patente de Cegnar et al., el sistema se aplica a activar luminarias LED de forma continua. For example, regarding the design of control elements that allow the useful life of supercapacitors to be increased by avoiding overvoltages and applying controls to various supercapacitor modules, patents made by X. Maynard et al. (US 2013/0093400 A1), or E. Cegnar et al. (US 2009/0315484 A1). In both, and according to the voltages of the different modules, the control center decides which capacitor module or modules are loaded at a certain moment and which are discharged. While Maynard focuses on surge protection, in the case of the Cegnar et al. Patent, the system is applied to continuously activate LED luminaires.
Otras patentes muy útiles son por ejemplo la US 2005/0041370 A1 de M. Wilk et al., o la 45 US 2013/0082520 A1 de F. Leeman et al. En ambas se describen distintos métodos de empaquetar e interconectar supercapacitadores de forma muy compacta, reduciendo así el espacio que el acumulador necesita. Other very useful patents are, for example, US 2005/0041370 A1 by M. Wilk et al., Or 45 US 2013/0082520 A1 by F. Leeman et al. Both describe different methods of packaging and interconnecting supercapacitors in a very compact way, thus reducing the space that the accumulator needs.
Son también de especial relevancia los inventos que utilizan supercondensadores como 50 complemento de otros acumuladores, como baterías o incluso sistemas hídricos. En estos sistemas, los supercondensadores permiten descargas instantáneas muy potentes, dejando las descargas más uniformes y prolongadas en el tiempo para los otros sistemas Also of special relevance are the inventions that use supercapacitors as a complement to other accumulators, such as batteries or even water systems. In these systems, supercapacitors allow very powerful instantaneous discharges, leaving more uniform and prolonged discharges in time for the other systems
de acumulación. Ejemplos de inventos en este sentido son WO 2006/059016 A1 de J. Siaudeau, WO 2008/050031 A3 de E. Condemine, ES201100429 de E. Domínguez Amarillo, o US 2012/0025614 A1 de P. Taimela et al. Es útil la aplicación de esta combinación, por ejemplo, en sistemas de aporte ininterrumpido de potencia (uninterrupted power supply, o UPS). 5 of accumulation Examples of inventions in this regard are WO 2006/059016 A1 by J. Siaudeau, WO 2008/050031 A3 by E. Condemine, ES201100429 by E. Domínguez Amarillo, or US 2012/0025614 A1 by P. Taimela et al. The application of this combination is useful, for example, in uninterrupted power supply systems (UPS). 5
Por último, también existen inventos que aplican parte de lo anterior a utilidades específicas, tales como repartir potencia a distintos electrodomésticos de cocina (WO 2012/140399 A2), o señales de carretera impulsadas por módulos solares fotovoltaicos (US 2009/0211133 A1). 10 Finally, there are also inventions that apply part of the above to specific utilities, such as distributing power to different kitchen appliances (WO 2012/140399 A2), or road signs driven by photovoltaic solar modules (US 2009/0211133 A1). 10
Explicación de la invención Explanation of the invention.
El estudio de estado del arte permite observar que ningún invento conocido intenta prolongar el tiempo en el que una serie de módulos de supercondensadores puede 15 ofrecer una determinada potencia. The study of the state of the art shows that no known invention tries to extend the time in which a series of supercapacitor modules can offer a certain power.
La presente invención es un sistema (1) de control dinámico de supercondensadores que precisamente busca optimizar el tiempo de carga y descarga, prolongando este último. Utiliza muchos de los inventos mencionados anteriormente y los combina para alcanzar 20 ese objetivo. Se tendrá un número n de módulos de supercondensadores (2) (nombrados “a” a “n” en la Figura 1), cada uno de los cuales estará formado por varios supercondensadores unitarios conectados en serie. La conexión entre módulos de supercondensadores (2) es flexible mediante relés u otra forma de interconexión, de forma que se puedan conectar varios de ellos en serie y/o en paralelo, según se decida. 25 Esta decisión la tomará un sistema de control (3) como los relatados en las invenciones del apartado anterior. The present invention is a supercondenser dynamic control system (1) that precisely seeks to optimize the loading and unloading time, prolonging the latter. It uses many of the inventions mentioned above and combines them to achieve that goal. There will be a number n of supercapacitor modules (2) (named "a" to "n" in Figure 1), each of which will consist of several unit supercondensers connected in series. The connection between supercapacitor modules (2) is flexible by means of relays or another form of interconnection, so that several of them can be connected in series and / or in parallel, as decided. 25 This decision will be taken by a control system (3) as described in the inventions of the previous section.
Para tomar la decisión, el sistema (3) recopilará datos tanto de la fuente de potencia (que pueden ser módulos solares fotovoltaicos (4), molinos eólicos (5), la red eléctrica (6) o 30 cualquier otra fuente de potencia), como de la carga asociada al circuito (7) (por ejemplo, los distintos consumos de una vivienda). En función de los datos de carga y descarga, conectará en serie y/o paralelo los módulos de supercondensadores (2). Es importante destacar que la carga desde la fuente (4 a 6) se realiza de manera separada de la descarga hacia el consumo (7). Ello quiere decir que si, por ejemplo, la vivienda (7) está 35 consumiendo de los módulos “b” y “c”, la carga a partir de la fuente (4 a 6) se podrá realizar en otros módulos, por ejemplo el “a” y el “n”, o parcialmente en los mismos “b” y “c”. El número de módulos (2) que se carga o se descarga a la vez es variable y estará determinado por el sistema de control (3), que decidirá en función de los datos recibidos. Asimismo, la configuración del sistema (1) es también variable, por ejemplo en cuanto al 40 número total n de módulos de supercondensadores, pudiendo aumentar o disminuir en función de la aplicación final. To make the decision, the system (3) will collect data from both the power source (which can be photovoltaic solar modules (4), windmills (5), the power grid (6) or any other power source), as of the load associated with the circuit (7) (for example, the different consumptions of a house). Depending on the loading and unloading data, you will connect in series and / or parallel the supercapacitor modules (2). It is important to note that the load from the source (4 to 6) is carried out separately from the discharge towards consumption (7). This means that if, for example, the dwelling (7) is consuming the modules “b” and “c”, the load from the source (4 to 6) can be carried out in other modules, for example the "A" and "n", or partially therein "b" and "c". The number of modules (2) that is loaded or unloaded at the same time is variable and will be determined by the control system (3), which will decide based on the data received. Likewise, the configuration of the system (1) is also variable, for example in terms of the total number n of supercapacitor modules, being able to increase or decrease depending on the final application.
Como resultado, se tiene siempre cargado un número calculado de módulos de supercondensadores (2), de tal forma que la descarga, que se puede producir con varios 45 módulos (2) en serie y/o en paralelo, se prolonga en el tiempo. Dicho tiempo será optimizado por el sistema de control (3) según los datos recibidos en cada momento. El óptimo dependerá de la potencia de entrada, y de la intensidad de salida. As a result, a calculated number of supercapacitor modules (2) is always loaded, so that the discharge, which can be produced with several modules (2) in series and / or in parallel, is prolonged over time. This time will be optimized by the control system (3) according to the data received at each moment. The optimum will depend on the input power, and the output intensity.
Por otro lado, se realiza la entrada al sistema (1) a potencia constante, mientras que la salida es a intensidad constante. De este modo, la carga de los módulos de 50 supercondensadores (2) será más rápida que la descarga, puesto que el voltaje de entrada siempre será el máximo posible (en la salida vendrá determinado siempre por la On the other hand, the input to the system (1) is made at constant power, while the output is at constant intensity. In this way, the load of the 50 supercapacitor modules (2) will be faster than the discharge, since the input voltage will always be the maximum possible (at the output it will always be determined by the
intensidad). Este método ayuda a la optimización del tiempo de descarga que realiza el sistema de control (3). intensity). This method helps to optimize the download time performed by the control system (3).
El resultado del sistema de control dinámico es un tiempo optimizado, prolongado, de la descarga de los módulos de supercondensadores (2). Ello implica extender en el tiempo 5 las ventajas de los supercondensadores, es decir, lograr suministrar elevadas potencias durante un tiempo más prolongado, cuyo óptimo dependerá de la configuración del sistema de control dinámico (1). The result of the dynamic control system is an optimized, prolonged time of the discharge of the supercapacitor modules (2). This implies extending the advantages of supercapacitors in time 5, that is to say, providing high powers for a longer time, the optimum of which will depend on the configuration of the dynamic control system (1).
Descripción de los dibujos 10 Description of the drawings 10
Figura 1. Sistema de control dinámico (1) formado por varios módulos de supercondensadores (2) y un sistema de control (3) de los mismos, que gestiona la carga desde una fuente (4 a 6) y la descarga en cualquier dispositivo (7). Figure 1. Dynamic control system (1) formed by several supercapacitor modules (2) and a control system (3) thereof, which manages the load from a source (4 to 6) and the discharge on any device ( 7).
Figura 2. Curva de consumo de una vivienda tipo en un día típico. La potencia contratada “c” deberá coincidir con el máximo de potencia consumida si se desea cubrir todo el consumo. Sin embargo, utilizando el sistema de control dinámico (1), la potencia contratada puede bajar a “b” o incluso a “a”. Figure 2. Consumption curve of a type house on a typical day. The contracted power “c” must match the maximum power consumed if it is desired to cover all consumption. However, using the dynamic control system (1), the contracted power can be lowered to “b” or even “a”.
Figura 3. Modo de realización de la invención, preferente pero no exclusivo, en el que una instalación renovable fotovoltaica (4) y/o eólica (5) inyecta al sistema de control dinámico (1), que está conectado a un inversor de corriente (8). Este también está conectado a la red eléctrica (6), y al dispositivo de descarga (7). Figure 3. Embodiment of the invention, preferred but not exclusive, in which a renewable photovoltaic (4) and / or wind (5) installation injects the dynamic control system (1), which is connected to a power inverter (8). This is also connected to the mains (6), and to the discharge device (7).
Figura 4. Modo de realización de la invención, preferente pero no exclusivo, en el que una instalación renovable fotovoltaica (4) y/o eólica (5) inyecta al sistema de control dinámico (1) y a un acumulador (10) a través de un regulador de carga (9). Ambos, sistema (1) y acumulador (10), están conectados a un inversor de corriente (8) que descarga en el dispositivo (7). 30 Figure 4. Embodiment of the invention, preferred but not exclusive, in which a renewable photovoltaic (4) and / or wind (5) installation injects the dynamic control system (1) and an accumulator (10) through a charge regulator (9). Both system (1) and accumulator (10), are connected to a power inverter (8) that discharges into the device (7). 30
Figura 5. Curva típica de consumo de un ascensor. El par se corresponde con la corriente y en cada caso los valores son distintos dependiendo del contrapesado, el peso de cabina y la carga que hay en la cabina. IME es la corriente que se mantiene en régimen nominal. IM1L es un pico instantáneo. IMAE1 y IMAE2 son las corrientes en el primer y 35 segundo Jerk. Típicamente se toma IMAE1 para dimensionar los convertidores de frecuencia porque la corriente al final del primer Jerk se mantiene prácticamente durante todo el proceso de aceleración. Este proceso varía en función de como esté parametrizado el ascensor pero suele durar entre 1 y 2 segundos. Figure 5. Typical consumption curve of an elevator. The torque corresponds to the current and in each case the values are different depending on the counterweight, the weight of the cabin and the load in the cabin. IME is the current that is maintained in nominal regime. IM1L is an instantaneous peak. IMAE1 and IMAE2 are the currents in the first and 35 second Jerk. Typically, IMAE1 is taken to size the frequency converters because the current at the end of the first Jerk is maintained practically throughout the acceleration process. This process varies depending on how the elevator is parameterized but usually takes between 1 and 2 seconds.
Modos de realización de la invención Embodiments of the invention
Una de las aplicaciones del sistema (1), preferente pero no exclusiva, es la reducción de potencia eléctrica contratada. Por ejemplo, en una vivienda tipo, un consumo típico de potencia es el representado en la Figura 2. La potencia contratada debe ser siempre la 45 máxima que se espera consumir en cualquier determinado momento. Ello implica que la vivienda de la Figura 2 deberá contratar la potencia “c” para cubrir su máximo de potencia. Sin embargo, se observa que esa potencia solamente se necesita durante un intervalo muy pequeño de tiempo. De hecho, los máximos picos de potencia, muy por encima de los mínimos, siempre se dan en intervalos de minutos, como mucho de una 50 hora. One of the applications of the system (1), preferred but not exclusive, is the reduction of contracted electrical power. For example, in a typical house, a typical power consumption is the one represented in Figure 2. The contracted power must always be the maximum that is expected to be consumed at any given time. This implies that the dwelling of Figure 2 must hire the power “c” to cover its maximum power. However, it is observed that this power is only needed for a very small interval of time. In fact, the maximum power peaks, well above the minimum, are always given in minute intervals, at most 50 hours.
Por todo lo anterior, el sistema (1) se puede diseñar de forma tal que el tiempo de descarga cubra los picos de potencia en tiempos tales que permita reducir la potencia contratada a un nivel “b”, o incluso a un nivel “a” (ver Figura 2). Durante los intervalos en los que el sistema (1) no está funcionando (la mayor parte del tiempo) se carga con la fuente (4 a 6), y solamente funcionará en los intervalos de tiempo limitados en que se den 5 los picos de potencia. For all the above, the system (1) can be designed in such a way that the discharge time covers the power peaks at times such that it allows reducing the contracted power to a level "b", or even to a level "a" (see Figure 2). During the intervals in which the system (1) is not working (most of the time) it is loaded with the source (4 to 6), and will only work in the limited time intervals in which 5 power peaks occur .
Este mismo concepto es aplicable a otros sectores más industriales, como por ejemplo el de los ascensores o escaleras mecánicas. Estos necesitan su potencia máxima sólo durante determinados momentos, especialmente en el arranque. La Figura 5 representa 10 la curva de consumo de un ascensor típico. La corriente nominal IME es la corriente que utilizará el ascensor tan sólo unos segundos después del arranque. Se observa que el valor de esta corriente es mucho menor, incluso la mitad, de las corrientes utilizadas para el arranque. Por ello, se puede utilizar el sistema (1) para, por un lado, reducir la potencia contratada necesaria para un sector tradicionalmente con elevados consumos 15 energéticos; y, por otro lado, también se podría conectar el ascensor o escalera mecánica a una fuente de potencia (4 a 6) acoplada a un sistema (1), de tal forma dichos picos de potencia se aporten mediante este sistema y pueda servir además como sistema de emergencia alternativo, en caso de corte de suministro eléctrico. This same concept is applicable to other more industrial sectors, such as elevators or escalators. These need their maximum power only during certain moments, especially at startup. Figure 5 represents the consumption curve of a typical elevator. The nominal current IME is the current that the elevator will use only a few seconds after starting. It is observed that the value of this current is much less, even half, of the currents used for starting. Therefore, the system (1) can be used to, on the one hand, reduce the contracted power necessary for a sector traditionally with high energy consumption; and, on the other hand, the elevator or escalator could also be connected to a power source (4 to 6) coupled to a system (1), in such a way such power peaks are provided by this system and can also serve as alternative emergency system, in case of power failure.
En el mismo sentido, otro modo de realización, también preferente pero no exclusivo, es la reducción de potencia fotovoltaica o eólica de un sistema de autoconsumo inyectado a la red, tal y como se representa en la Figura 3. En dicho sistema, la fuente renovable 4 y/ó 5 inyecta directamente al sistema de control dinámico (1), cargando los módulos de supercondensadores. El sistema (1) se conecta a un inversor de corriente (8), también 25 conectado a la red eléctrica (6), y finalmente a la carga final (7), por ejemplo la vivienda. El número de módulos fotovoltaicos (4) y/o molinos eólicos (5) se reduce, ya que los picos de potencia son absorbidos por el sistema de control dinámico (1). In the same sense, another embodiment, also preferred but not exclusive, is the reduction of photovoltaic or wind power of a self-consumption system injected into the network, as shown in Figure 3. In said system, the source Renewable 4 and / or 5 directly injects the dynamic control system (1), charging the supercapacitor modules. The system (1) is connected to a power inverter (8), also connected to the power grid (6), and finally to the final load (7), for example the house. The number of photovoltaic modules (4) and / or windmills (5) is reduced, since the power peaks are absorbed by the dynamic control system (1).
Otro modo de realización no exclusivo es la aplicación a un sistema fotovoltaico y/o eólico 30 aislado, como el representado en la Figura 4. Es aplicable, por ejemplo, tanto a una vivienda aislada de la red, como a un coche eléctrico. En dicho sistema, la fuente (4 y/ó 5) inyecta tanto directamente al acumulador (10) a través de un regulador (9), como al sistema de control dinámico (1). Ambos, acumulador (10) y sistema (1) se conectan a un inversor de corriente (8), que a su vez descarga en, por ejemplo, la vivienda (7). También 35 en este caso se ve reducido el parque fotovoltaico y/o eólico necesario, ya que los picos de potencia durante un tiempo prolongado optimizado son absorbidos mediante el sistema de control dinámico (1). Another non-exclusive embodiment is the application to an isolated photovoltaic and / or wind system 30, such as that shown in Figure 4. It is applicable, for example, to a home isolated from the grid, as well as to an electric car. In said system, the source (4 and / or 5) injects both directly to the accumulator (10) through a regulator (9), and to the dynamic control system (1). Both, accumulator (10) and system (1) are connected to a power inverter (8), which in turn discharges into, for example, housing (7). Also in this case, the necessary photovoltaic and / or wind park is reduced, since the peak power optimized for a long time is absorbed by the dynamic control system (1).
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ES201331565A ES2536603B1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2013-10-24 | Dynamic supercapacitor control system with optimization of loading and unloading. |
PCT/ES2014/070770 WO2015059329A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2014-10-09 | System for dynamic control of supercapacitors with optimisation of charging and discharging |
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ES201331565A ES2536603B1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2013-10-24 | Dynamic supercapacitor control system with optimization of loading and unloading. |
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