ES2455916B1 - Selective waste storage equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Selective waste storage equipment. # The equipment is intended for classification and storage of all types of waste, after the introduction of these on respective drawers provided in the front of the equipment itself, and established in said front three operational blocks (4 , 5 and 6), the first one with the drawers (7, 8 and 9) for glass, organic waste and packaging, respectively, while the intermediate block (5) includes an oil storage drawer (10) and a drawer (11) for the entry and processing of paper and cardboard, while the lower block (6) of the three established in the front of the equipment, includes a hermetic and frontal closing lid (12) after which a camera is established of refrigeration and vacuum with boxes (13, 14 and 15), receivers and storage of the different types of products or waste processed inside the equipment.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Selective waste storage equipment.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 5

The present invention relates to a selective waste storage unit, by means of which the reduction, by crushing and compacting, as well as the classification of the different types of waste, is carried out automatically to carry out a selective storage of the themselves, and whose waste is organic, glass, plastic, aluminum and paper / cardboard. 10

The object of the invention is to offer equipment capable of being used both domestically and semi-industrially (tertiary-services sector), as hospitality and catering, and industrial, facilitating the overall management of waste and therefore contributing to a development Environmental and sustainable.

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It is also the object of the invention to achieve that waste of any kind can be recycled after classification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The high figures of solid waste generation that occur in all urban centers of the world, 20 increasingly show the need for appropriate technologies for the final disposal of these materials in a safe, efficient, consistent and economical way. The waste causes difficulties regarding its collection, treatment and final disposal, which entails environmental impacts and health problems.

According to the activities carried out in the waste management companies, the most common waste produced can be:

- Organic waste of various origins, mainly food, stationery, wood and gardening

- Inorganic waste such as glass, metal, plastic and building material.

- Hazardous inorganic, organic and biological-infectious wastes such as acids, bases, oxides, soluble salts, compounds of potentially toxic metals, such as solvents, oils, paints, dyes, agricultural products, among others.

Waste can be classified into: residential, industrial, agricultural and hospital, so that each of these wastes is managed differently. 35

The efficiency of the management of this type of waste is, among other actions, to minimize the amount of waste sent to the landfill. These efforts include recycling, converting waste into energy, designing products that use less material. For example, in industrial ecology, where material flows between industries are studied, the by-products of one industry can be a useful matter to another, resulting in a reduction in final waste.

A relatively recent idea in waste management has been to treat waste material as a resource to be exploited, rather than simply as a problem to eliminate. There are a number of different methods by which resources can be extracted from waste: the materials can be extracted and recycled, or the calorific content of the waste can be converted into electricity.

There is a growing trend in recognizing their contribution to the Environment and there are efforts to try to integrate them into formal waste management systems, which are useful both to be profitable and to help in alleviating urban poverty (employment). However, the high human cost of these activities, 50 including illness, accidents and reduced life expectancy due to contact with toxic or infectious materials, would not be tolerated in a developed country.

There are a number of resource recovery methods, with new technologies and methods that are continually being developed. 55

In some developing nations resource recovery is still done through labor

manual that sieves the unsecured garbage to recover the material that can be sold in the recycling market. These unrecognized workers are part of the informal sector, but they play a significant role in reducing urban solid waste.

After conducting different surveys in the urban waste management market and the instruments used, individual equipment appears for specific waste (and not all generated) and never a compact unit that classifies them.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The equipment that is recommended resolves in a fully satisfactory way the problem that arises at the time of the collection and classification of the waste, going from a collection point in it to the destruction by crushing and / or compaction of the waste, which are subsequently stored in replaceable boxes or containers.

More specifically, the equipment of the invention, as a compact unit, comprises three blocks of 15 very differentiable operations, as well as an operation control panel, with an electronic control unit, an uninterruptible power supply and corresponding circuits and channeling of the fluids, so that the equipment or unit in question will be mounted on a square and flat bottom platform equipped with adjustable feet.

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Frontally under the electronic control unit and a battery storage receptacle, which is located in an upper strip, the operation blocks are arranged according to three levels, so that these three levels correspond to an upper block, an intermediate block and a lower block

Well, in the upper block three drawers are provided on the same level, one receiver for the glass, another receiver for organic products, and another container receiver, while in the second block, located immediately below the previous one, a receiver and container, as well as storage, of oils, and a drawer for the reception of paper / cardboard are provided.

The lower block, located below the aforementioned, has a practicable front door 30 of sealed closure, since this lower block corresponds to a refrigeration and vacuum chamber in which glass-receiving boxes, organic products and of the containers, accessing from the respective upper drawer to those lower storage boxes, through respective slides.

In correspondence with the upper block, a water pressure device is provided, which is activated after each operating cycle, cleaning all the compartments and thereby eliminating residual residues and odors.

In the block in which the oil storage container and the paper / cardboard drawer are provided, it incorporates means to perform a specific action corresponding to the reduction and storage 40 of the waste.

More specifically, the glasses that are deposited in the drawer provided in the upper block, directly access, through the corresponding slide, the storage box provided in the block corresponding to the refrigeration and vacuum chamber, after passing through a crushing element formed by two 45 masses that rotate at high speed.

On the other hand, organic products, which are deposited in the front drawer of the upper block of the equipment, pass through the corresponding slide to the storage box established in the lower block or cooling and vacuum chamber. fifty

As for the containers that are deposited in the front drawer of the upper block, they are processed by a first volume reduction at room temperature, provided by two folding walls, so that after that first reduction and by means of a cylinder, a compaction occurs vertical at an elevated temperature, this being achieved by the hot air generated by a dryer, all in such a way that the final block obtained by compacting, and after the opening of a trapdoor, accesses the respective slide, falling to the storage box provided in the lower cooling and vacuum block.

As for the paper and cardboard that is introduced through a slot located above the front drawer of the intermediate block of the equipment, say that this paper-cardboard accesses an area where crusher rollers are provided that engage each other to destroy and shred the paper and cardboard material introduced, falling into a lower storage drawer.

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Above the third block, that is to say the lower cooling and vacuum block, a hinged grid is provided to enter the cooling and vacuum chamber itself.

The described equipment, as already mentioned, includes an uninterruptible power supply and / or power supply, as well as a control equipment and / or programmable automaton that controls all the 10 mechanisms and processes that are carried out in the equipment, with a control panel with display located on the front of the device itself.

Based on the aforementioned characteristics, the advantages are numerous, the most important being the following: 15

- It is an effective equipment for the classification of waste, contributing to the recycling of them in a comfortable and easy way, since everything is automated.

- The equipment is integrated and after introducing the waste is able to classify them automatically in their containers, thus facilitating a selective collection of these. twenty

- Collect in a smaller space greater volume of waste, being crushed, classified and compacted in their respective compartments.

- It does not give off odors due to the accumulation of organic waste, since it has a pressure washing system for the destruction elements and a refrigerated and vacuum storage chamber. 25

- All the gates and accesses inside the equipment are safe by having a closing device, preventing the machine from working whenever a gate or drawer is not properly closed.

- It is totally safe and prevents any type of access to the destruction zone due to the opening of the main gate. 30

- Low consumption, by having an automaton that activates the operation, whenever required, by its volume, counting on the upper drawers for the collection of small materials until they are full, thus avoiding unnecessary use of the equipment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 35

To complement the description to be made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. where, as an illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented: 40

Figure 1. Shows an exterior representation according to a frontal and slightly superior perspective of the equipment of the invention, in a closed situation.

Figure 2. It shows an exterior representation in its frontal part and interior in its upper and lateral part. Four. Five

Figure 3. It shows another image in perspective, where the open equipment is represented in its upper part and in its rear part, showing the interior elements of the same set of the previous figure.

Figure 4. Shows a representation of the cold / vacuum chamber at its rear, with a view of the 50 interior elements.

Figure 5. Shows a representation of the cold / vacuum chamber on its front, with a view of the storage boxes for organic products, containers and glass.

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Figure 6. Shows a representation of the glass destroyer element, consisting of a mass that rotates at high speed.

Figure 7. Shows a representation on the back of the paper / cardboard container box and the shredder rollers.

Figure 8. Shows a representation in its upper part of the box that stores and processes the containers, showing the elements that form it. 5

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

As can be seen in the aforementioned figures, the equipment of the invention forms a compact unit, by way of an appliance of rectangular prismatic configuration, which is supported on a square and flat platform with adjustable legs. 10

Frontally the equipment of the invention comprises an upper strip (1) with a control knob (2) and a drawer (3) for battery storage, so that after that upper strip (1), the front of the equipment is established three operational blocks generally referenced with the numbers (4, 5 and 6), the block (4) corresponding to the upper one, the block (5) to the intermediate one, and the block (6) to the lower one. fifteen

Well, in the upper block (4) a drawer for glass (7), a drawer for organic products (8) and a drawer for containers (9) are provided, while in the intermediate block (5) it is provided a drawer for reception and storage of oils (10), and a drawer for the reception of paper-cardboard (11), while the lower block (6) includes a front door (12) of hermetic closure, after which it is established a refrigeration and vacuum chamber in which boxes (13, 14 and 15) are included for the storage of glass, organic products and containers, respectively, said refrigeration and vacuum chamber having a top rack (18), as can be seen clearly in figure 5.

The cardboard paper is inserted into the corresponding front drawer (11) through a slot (11 ’) that is clearly visible in Figure 1.

Corresponding to the upper band (1) where the control knob (2) and the battery drawer (3) are set, the corresponding automatic control unit (16) and uninterruptible power supply (17) are included, as shown in figure 2. 30

As mentioned, the upper block (4) is considered as a block of operations and includes the aforementioned drawers (7, 8 and 9), for the temporary reception and storage of glass, organic waste and packaging, including in the upper band ( 1) where the control system, the battery drawer (3) is established.

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For its part, the intermediate block (5) is the processing of waste, and depending on the type of waste, will perform a specific action for reduction and storage of waste.

Specifically, organic waste from the drawer (8) access a slide (19) after opening a lower hatch of the corresponding drawer (8), so that these organic wastes, through 40 of the aforementioned slide (19), directly access to the collection and storage box (14) established in the lower block (6) corresponding to the refrigeration and vacuum chamber.

On the other hand, the containers that are collected in the drawer (9) of the upper block (4), are reduced in volume and at room temperature by means of two folding walls (20, 21), provided precisely in that 45 container drawer ( 9), so that after this first volume reduction a vertical compaction is carried out by means of a cylinder (22), forming a block at elevated temperature by means of the hot air generated by a dryer (23), all as represented in figure 8, so that after opening a lower hatch of that processing drawer, the compacted container block falls, through a slide (24), to the corresponding box (15) provided in the lower block ( 6), that is in the refrigeration and vacuum chamber. fifty

As for the glass, which is deposited in the drawer (7) of the upper block (4), it goes directly to a slide (25), which transports said glass to a crushing element (26) formed by two masses that rotate to high speed, so that once the volume is reduced by crushing, said glass is deposited in the corresponding storage box (13) provided in the vacuum and cooling chamber of the lower block (6). 55

For its part, the paper and cardboard that is deposited through the slot (11 ’) in the drawer (11) of the block

intermediate (5), access an internal drawer (27) after passing said cardboard and paper through a pair of rollers (28) that perform the crushing operation, when meshing such rollers to each other, to destroy and crush the material of paper and cardboard introduced.

As for the grid (18) of the vacuum and cooling chamber established in the lower block (6), it is a practicable grid, that is to say movable or collapsible to allow entry of organic waste, containers and glass and processed, until their corresponding storage boxes referred to previously.

The grid (18) is associated with a drain pipe (29), as shown in Figure 4, and whose drain pipe (29) is used for cleaning cycles. 10

The cooling is carried out by means of a heat exchanger (30), in combination with an air extraction motor (31) and a motor (32) driving said exchanger (30), so that the boxes (13, 14 and 15) located in the described refrigeration chamber, and based on the refrigeration and vacuum system established in that chamber, the decomposition of organic matter will be delayed until the waste of the machine 15 or equipment is removed, avoiding the decomposition of said organic matter, so that once the receiving boxes of the processed products are filled, and based on the hermetic closing of the refrigeration and vacuum chamber, the exit of odors to the outside will be avoided, as well as the smell and staining that could occur when the boxes are removed from the processed products.

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Water cleaning is done through the cleaning circuit (33) shown in Figure 2.

Claims (7)

1.- Selective waste storage equipment, which being planned to process and store, for subsequent removal, all types of waste, such as containers, glass, organic waste, batteries, paper and cardboard, and even oils, is characterized by It comprises a compact unit in which 5 blocks of reception and processing of waste are established, and whose blocks are located correlatively at different levels, under an upper band or strip (1) in which control means are established (2) and power supply, including a programmable automaton for the operation of the equipment, so that in correspondence with that band or upper strip (1) a drawer for collecting and storing batteries (3) is provided, while under said strip or upper band and front (1) three processing blocks (4, 5 and 6) are established, the first 10 of which correlatively includes the drawers (7, 8 and 9) for reception. n of glass, organic products and packaging, respectively, while the intermediate block (5) includes a receiver and oil storage drawer (10) and a drawer (11) with a slot (11 ') for receiving and paper and cardboard processing, with the particularity that the lower block (6) has a front door with airtight seal (12) after which a cooling chamber with a practicable upper rack (18) is established that allows access to 15 the waste received in the drawers (7, 8, 9 and 11), as well as the processing of the waste corresponding to those drawers, for the collection in said refrigeration and vacuum chamber of the waste corresponding to glass, containers and organic waste in boxes (13, 14 and 15), respectively, provided in the refrigeration chamber located under the practicable grid (18); also including water cleaning means and means of processing the different wastes before reaching the storage boxes (13, 14 and 15). twenty 2. - Selective waste storage equipment, according to claim 1, characterized in that a slide (25) is provided at the exit of the glass drawer (25) leading to a turning element (26) that shreds said glass, before reaching the respective storage box (13) located in the cooling chamber corresponding to the lower block (6). 25 3. Selective waste storage equipment, according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic waste is accessed from the corresponding reception drawer (8) to the storage box (14) located in the cooling and vacuum chamber of the lower block (6 ), through a slide (19).  30 4. Selective waste storage equipment, according to claim 1, characterized in that the containers of the box (9) pass through a slide (24), to the corresponding storage box (15) provided in the cooling chamber of the lower block (6), after passing through a volume reduction means formed by removable walls (20 and 21) and by a vertical compactor element actuated by a cylinder (22), in collaboration with hot air applied to the compacted block by means of the air generation by a fan (23). 5. - Selective waste storage equipment, according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot (11 ') of cardboard and paper entrance directly accesses the corresponding drawer (27), after passing said cardboard and paper through a pair of rollers (28) meshed together, by means of which the shredding of said paper and cardboard is carried out. 6. Selective waste storage equipment, according to previous claims, characterized in that a pressure water cleaning device is included through the appropriate cleaning circuit (33), a drain pipe (29) related to the grid (18) provided in the upper part of the refrigeration and vacuum chamber. 7. Selective waste storage equipment, according to previous claims, characterized in that the cooling chamber includes a heat exchanger (30) driven by a motor (32), in combination with the creation of a vacuum by means of the actuation of a air extraction motor (31), all provided in correspondence with the lower block (6) in which the cooling and vacuum chamber itself is established.