ES2397446B1 - ENERGY TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM OF LAS OLAS DEL MAR. - Google Patents

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM OF LAS OLAS DEL MAR. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2397446B1
ES2397446B1 ES201131335A ES201131335A ES2397446B1 ES 2397446 B1 ES2397446 B1 ES 2397446B1 ES 201131335 A ES201131335 A ES 201131335A ES 201131335 A ES201131335 A ES 201131335A ES 2397446 B1 ES2397446 B1 ES 2397446B1
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Prior art keywords
sea
waves
electric generator
energy
movement
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ES2397446A1 (en
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Juan Luis FOLGAR DÍEZ
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Abstract

El sistema está previsto para transformar la energía de las olas del mar en energía eléctrica por accionamiento de un generador eléctrico montado a la salida del sistema. Básicamente comprende una estructura basculante (1) que está montada sobre una base fija (3) anclada en el fondo del mar, siendo esa estructura basculante (1) empujada por las olas del mar, recuperando su posición por medio de contrapesos (4) asociados a la misma, de manera que a esa estructura basculante (1) pueden acoplarse medios de transformación del movimiento basculante en movimiento continuo, por ejemplo una cremallera (5) que con un sistema de engranaje y a través de un multiplicador puede accionar el correspondiente generador eléctrico (7), pudiendo esos medios de transformación estar constituidos por un sistema hidráulico.The system is intended to transform the energy of sea waves into electrical energy by driving an electric generator mounted at the exit of the system. Basically, it comprises a tilting structure (1) that is mounted on a fixed base (3) anchored at the bottom of the sea, that tilting structure (1) being pushed by the waves of the sea, recovering its position by means of associated counterweights (4) to it, so that to that tilt structure (1) can be coupled means of transformation of the tilt movement in continuous movement, for example a rack (5) that with a gear system and through a multiplier the corresponding electric generator can be operated (7), these means of transformation may be constituted by a hydraulic system.

Description

SISTEMA DE TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA DE LAS OLAS DEL MAR ENERGY TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM OF LAS OLAS DEL MAR

5 OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN    5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de transformación de la energía de las olas del mar, considerada como energía proporcionada por la 10 corriente de las olas, para su transformación en energía eléctrica renovable, a The present invention relates to a system for transforming the energy of sea waves, considered as energy provided by the wave current, for its transformation into renewable electric energy, to

través de un generador eléctrico conectado a la salida del sistema. through an electric generator connected to the system outlet.

El sistema encuentra especial aplicación en el campo de la obtención de la energía eléctrica a partir de las olas del mar, pudiendo 15 establecer una instalación que puede ser sumergible, semi-sumergible o The system finds special application in the field of obtaining electrical energy from the waves of the sea, being able to establish an installation that can be submersible, semi-submersible or

flotante, según las necesidades de la zona oceánica en la que se instale. floating, according to the needs of the oceanic zone in which it is installed.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Es evidente la carencia de instalaciones para conseguir energías 20 alternativas renovables que respeten el medio ambiente. The lack of facilities to achieve renewable energy sources 20 that respect the environment is evident.

El solicitante desconoce la existencia o no de sistemas con las características estructurales y de funcionalidad previstas en la presente solicitud de Patente. The applicant is unaware of the existence or not of systems with the structural and functional characteristics provided for in this patent application.

25 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN 25 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

El sistema que se preconjza está basado en los movimientos altern ati vos y basculantes que se producen sobre una estructura montada articuladamente sobre una base fija prevista en el fondo marino, de manera The preconjza system is based on the alternating and tilting alternating movements that occur on a structure mounted articulately on a fixed base provided on the seabed, so

5 5
que esa estructura basculante, empujada por las olas del mar y con contrapesos que facilitan la retracción de la misma cuando cesan las olas, está relacionada con un medio empujador a partir de) cual el movimiento alternati vo y basculante de la estructura se transforma en un movimiento de giro continuo, con un sistema multiplicador a cuya salida se ha previsto un generador eléctrico para el accionamiento de éste. that this tilting structure, pushed by the waves of the sea and with counterweights that facilitate its retraction when the waves cease, is related to a pushing means from) which the alternative and tilting movement of the structure is transformed into a Continuous rotation movement, with a multiplier system at whose output an electric generator has been provided for its operation.

10 10
El medio de empuje puede estar basado en, por ejemplo, una cremallera que engrana con un piñón, a través del cual y mediante un sistema multiplicador, accionar un generador eléctrico, con la interposición de un regulador de velocidad y de unas levas relacionadas con un volante de inercia previsto en el eje del multiplicador y por supuesto del generador eléctrico que se acciona. The pushing means can be based on, for example, a rack that meshes with a pinion, through which and by means of a multiplier system, to drive an electric generator, with the interposition of a speed regulator and of cams related to a flywheel provided on the axis of the multiplier and of course the electric generator that is operated.

15 20 15 20
Las levas referidas están montadas sobre el eje de un piñón del sistema multiplicador, siendo dichas levas basculantes para provocar el movimiento del volante de inercia, permitiendo un mayor giro continuo a través de su correspo ndiente eje sobre un conjunto multiplicador de vueltas que son controladas por el ya comentado regulador de velocidad, dando lugar a un movimiento continuo en el generador eléctrico. The referred cams are mounted on the axis of a pinion of the multiplier system, said tilting cams being to cause the movement of the flywheel, allowing a greater continuous rotation through its corresponding axis on a multiplier set of turns that are controlled by the already mentioned speed regulator, giving rise to a continuous movement in the electric generator.

2S 2S
En una alternativa de reali zació n, el empujador puede ser hidráulico y estar co nstituido a partir de un cilindro o bomba hidráulica mediante la que se produce un caudal hidráulico a presión, de manera que a través de distintos conductos del circuito hidráulico y a través de válvulas anti-retorno, el fluido alcanzará un acumulador, a partir del cual se establece la correspondiente conexión para accionar el generador eléctrico, con la interposición de un reductor de presión y de un regulador de caudal de fluido. In an alternative embodiment, the pusher can be hydraulic and be constituted from a hydraulic cylinder or pump by means of which a hydraulic flow under pressure is produced, so that through different conduits of the hydraulic circuit and through non-return valves, the fluid will reach an accumulator, from which the corresponding connection to operate the electric generator is established, with the interposition of a pressure reducer and a fluid flow regulator.

30 30
Esta alternativa de realización se complementa con retornos hacia This alternative implementation is complemented by returns to

un tanque de almacenamiento y suministro, previo paso por un filtro . a storage and supply tank, after passing through a filter.

También cuenta el sistema hidráulico referido con una vá lvula de seguridad, It also has the referred hydraulic system with a safety valve,

así como una llave de apertura y cierre para permitir o impedir el paso del as well as an opening and closing key to allow or prevent the passage of

nuido hacia el acumulador. knot to the accumulator.

5 5

El comentado sistema hidráulico puede ser sustituido por un The commented hydraulic system can be replaced by a

sistema neumático, donde únicamente variará el fluido, que en lugar de ser pneumatic system, where only the fluid will vary, which instead of being

aceite sería aire. Oil would be air.

10 10
En lo que respecta a la estructura basculante, la misma puede estar As regards the tilting structure, it can be

materiali zada, por eje mplo. por las clásicas perceberas marinas, con una materialized, for example. by the classic marine barnacles, with a

pequeña modifi cación en la estructura de éstas para cumplir la acción y fuerza small modification in the structure of these to fulfill the action and strength

dinámica necesarias para mover todo el sistema de transformación de energía, dynamics necessary to move the entire energy transformation system,

puesto que las perceberas suelen estar situadas en lugares estratégicos de since barnacles are usually located in strategic places of

15 fifteen
grandes rompientes y fu ertes temporales, consistiendo la modifi cación large breakers and temporary forts, consisting of the modification

concretamente en el montaje de un dispositivo o artilugio de nominado "cataspecifically in the assembly of a device or device of nominee "tasting

ondas" que favorece la recogida de la fu erte inercia de la cresta de las olas. waves "that favors the collection of the strong inertia of the crest of the waves.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

20 twenty

Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a To complement the description that is going to

reali zar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características carry out and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics

del in vento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realizaci ón práctica del of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of the

mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de It is also accompanied as an integral part of this description, a set of

2S 2S
dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo drawings where illustrative and not limiting, the

siguiente : next :

La fi gura 1.Muestra una representación esquemática según una Figure 1 shows a schematic representation according to a

perspecti va general del sistema de transformación objeto de la invención, en general perspectives of the transformation system object of the invention, in

30 30
donde el sistema de empuje está constituido por un mecanismo de cremallera, where the thrust system is constituted by a rack mechanism,

coronas y/o piñones de accionamiento del correspondiente generador eléctri co. crowns and / or drive pinions of the corresponding electric generator.

La figura 2.-Muestra un alzado lateral en detaUe del sistema empujador que forma parte del sistema de transformación de energía previsto en la figura anterior. Figure 2.- Shows a side elevation in detail of the pusher system that is part of the energy transformation system provided in the previous figure.

La figura 3.-Muestra. finalmente, una vista esquemática de la variante de realización en la que los medios de transformación para el accionamiento del generador eléctrico se realiza mediante un sistema hidráulico. Figure 3.-Sample. finally, a schematic view of the variant embodiment in which the transformation means for driving the electric generator is carried out by means of a hydraulic system.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Como se puede ver en las figuras referidas y en relación concretamente con la figura 1, el sistema de la invención se constituye a partir de una estructura basculante (1 ), montada sobre un eje de articulación (2) respecto de una base de anclaje (3) fijada en el fondo del mar, estando dicha estructura basculante (1) dotada de unos contrapesos (4), que pueden ser elementos cilíndricos rellenos de hormigón u otros cuerpos cualesquiera, previstos para la recuperación de la estructura (1) cuando cesa la fuerza de las olas que inciden sobre la misma. As can be seen in the aforementioned figures and specifically in relation to figure 1, the system of the invention is constituted from a tilting structure (1), mounted on an articulation axis (2) with respect to an anchor base ( 3) fixed at the bottom of the sea, said tilting structure (1) being provided with counterweights (4), which can be cylindrical elements filled with concrete or any other bodies, provided for the recovery of the structure (1) when the structure ceases. force of the waves that affect it.

Es decir, situada la estructura (1) bien de forma sumergida o bien de forma flotante o bien de forma inmersa en el agua del mar, y en virtud de su montaje basculante respecto de la base fija (3) situada en el fondo del mar, sobre esa estructura basculante (1) inciden las olas, provocando su basculamiento hacia un lado, por empuje de las olas, llevando consigo el accionamiento de un elemento de empuje, como puede ser una cremallera (5) que es empujada precisamente por el basculamiento de la estructura (1), al estar relacionada esa cremallera (5), a través de una articulación (6), de That is, the structure (1) located either submerged or floating or immersed in seawater, and by virtue of its tilting assembly with respect to the fixed base (3) located at the bottom of the sea , on that tilting structure (1) the waves impact, causing its tilting to one side, by pushing the waves, carrying with it the actuation of a pushing element, such as a rack (5) that is pushed precisely by the tilting of the structure (1), when that rack (5) is related, through a joint (6), of

mancra que cuando cesa la ola, los contrapesos (4) llevan consigo la mancra that when the wave ceases, the counterweights (4) carry with them the

recuperación hacia la posición original de la propia estructura basculante (1). recovery to the original position of the tilting structure itself (1).

A partir del empuje que produce la estructura basculante (1), se puede llevar a cabo el accionamiento de un generador eléctrico (7), bien a través de un sistema mecánico o bien a través de un sistema hidráulico o neumático, de manera que en el primer caso el accionamiento se efectúa a partir de la cremallera (5) como elemento de empuje, que engrana con un piñón (8) que a su vez acciona una corona (9) sobre la que engrana un segundo piñón (10) en cuyo eje (11) van montadas unas levas (12) Y un volante de inercia (13), accionado éste en giro por medio de las levas montadas sobre el eje del piñón (ID), todo ello de manera tal que a través de ese sistema de engranaje, con las levas de ataque (12) yel volante de inercia (13), se efectúa el accionamiento del generador eléctrico (7), a través de un multiplicador (14) y un regulador de velocidad (27), tal y como se muestra claramente en la figura 2. From the thrust produced by the tilting structure (1), the operation of an electric generator (7) can be carried out, either through a mechanical system or through a hydraulic or pneumatic system, so that in In the first case, the drive is made from the rack (5) as a pushing element, which meshes with a pinion (8) which in turn drives a crown (9) on which a second pinion (10) engages in which axle (11) are fitted with cams (12) and a flywheel (13), which is rotated by means of the cams mounted on the pinion shaft (ID), all in such a way that through that system gear, with the attack cams (12) and the flywheel (13), the electric generator is driven (7), through a multiplier (14) and a speed regulator (27), as It is clearly shown in Figure 2.

El accionamiento del propio generador eléctrico (7) puede efectuarse mediante un sistema hidráulico, como el representado en la figura 3, estando éste constituido mediante un cilindro o bomba hidráulica (15) que es accionada a partir del bascularniento de la estructura (1), de manera que ese cilindro o bomba (15) produce un flujo y caudal hidráulico a presión que es conducido, a través de los respectivos conductos del circuito, hacia un acumulador (16), previo paso por una llave de alta presión (17), y llaves antiretorno (18), de manera que a partir de ese acumulador (16), y previo paso por un reductor de presión (19) y un regulador de caudal (20), se actúa sobre The operation of the electric generator itself (7) can be carried out by means of a hydraulic system, such as that shown in Figure 3, which is constituted by a hydraulic cylinder or pump (15) that is actuated from the swinging of the structure (1), so that that cylinder or pump (15) produces a hydraulic flow and pressure flow that is conducted, through the respective conduits of the circuit, to an accumulator (16), after passing through a high pressure wrench (17), and non-return keys (18), so that from that accumulator (16), and after passing through a pressure reducer (19) and a flow regulator (20), it acts on

un motor hidráulico (2 1), a través del cual se lleva a cabo el accionamiento a hydraulic motor (2 1), through which the drive is carried out

del comentado generador eléctrico (7). of the commented electric generator (7).

El circuito hidráulico descrito se complementa con los retornos (22), para que a través de un filtro (23) el fluido alcance un depósito de almacenamiento y suministro (24), entre el cual y el cilindro o bomba (15) se han previsto válvulas anti-retorno (25), incluyendo además una válvula de The described hydraulic circuit is complemented with the returns (22), so that through a filter (23) the fluid reaches a storage and supply tank (24), between which and the cylinder or pump (15) are provided non-return valves (25), also including a valve

5 seguri dad (26). 5 safety (26).

Desde dicho depósito (24), el cilindro o bomba (15) aspira el From said tank (24), the cylinder or pump (15) sucks the

aceite necesario para poderlo enviar al motor (2 1) y así hacerlo girar, de oil needed to be able to send it to the engine (2 1) and thus rotate it, of

manera Lal que el aceite una vez pasa por dicho motor vuelve de nuevo al Lal way that the oil once passes through said engine returns back to the

10 depósito (24), para su reuti lización, repitiéndose con ello el ciclo 10 tank (24), for reuse, repeating the cycle

indefinidamente. Finalmente, decir que el acumulador (16) está previsto para cortar, en la medida de lo posible. Iluctuaciones en el envío de aceite al indefinitely Finally, say that the accumulator (16) is intended to be cut, as far as possible. Iluctuations in the sending of oil to

motor. engine.

15 La estructura basculante (1) puede estar constituida por las clásicas perceberas, con unas núnimas modificaciones y adaptaciones, aprovechando así sistemas ya montados en el mar para conseguir el accionamiento de generadores eléctricos a partir de las olas del mar. 15 The tilting structure (1) can be constituted by the classic barnacles, with some modifications and adaptations, taking advantage of systems already mounted at sea to achieve the activation of electric generators from the waves of the sea.

Claims (3)

REIVINDICACIONES ]a._ Sistema de transformación de la energía de las olas del mar, que estando previsto para llevar a cabo el accionamiento de un generador eléctrico y conseguir por lo tanto energía eléctrica a partir de la que proporciona la energía de las olas del mar, se caracteriza porque se constituye a partir de una estructura basculante (1) montada articuladamente a través de un eje de giro (2) sobre una base (3) fijada sobre el fondo del mar, estructura ] a._ System of transformation of the energy of the waves of the sea, which being planned to carry out the operation of an electric generator and therefore obtain electrical energy from which it provides the energy of the waves of the sea, It is characterized in that it is constituted from a tilting structure (1) articulated mounted through an axis of rotation (2) on a base (3) fixed on the bottom of the sea, structure (1) que está sometida al empuje producido por las olas del mar, recobrando su posición original mediante contrapesos (4), cuando cesan dichas olas; con la particularidad de que a dicha estructura basculante (1) está asociado un elemento empujador, así como medios de transformación del movimiento ahernativo y basculante de lal estructura (1) en movimjenlo de giro conlinuo, con un sistema multiplicador para conseguir el accionamjento rinal de un generador eléctrico (7). (1) that it is subject to the thrust produced by the waves of the sea, recovering its original position by means of counterweights (4), when said waves cease; with the particularity that to said said tilting structure (1) is associated a pusher element, as well as means of transformation of the ahernative and tilting movement of the structure (1) into continuous rotation movement, with a multiplier system to achieve the final action of an electric generator (7). 3 ._ Sistema de transformación de la energía de las olas del mar, según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los medios que tTansforman el movimiento alternativo de la estTuctura basculante (1) en un movimiento de giro, están constituidos a partir de una cremallera (5) articulada a la propia estructura basculante (1), cuya cremallera (5) engrana con un piñón (8) del que es solidaria una corona (9) que a su vez engrana con un piñón (10) en cuyo eje de giro (11) van montados un juego de levas de ataque (12) para accionamiento de un volante de inercia (13), montado éste sobre el propio eje (11) que, a través del multiplicador (14) y un regulador de velocidad de giro (27), produce el accionamiento del generador eléctrico (7). 3. System for transforming the energy of sea waves, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means that transform the alternative movement of the tilting structure (1) into a turning movement, are constituted from a rack (5 ) articulated to the tilting structure itself (1), whose rack (5) meshes with a pinion (8) of which a crown (9) is attached, which in turn meshes with a pinion (10) on whose axis of rotation (11 ) a set of attack cams (12) for driving a flywheel (13) are mounted, mounted on the shaft itself (11), which, through the multiplier (14) and a rotation speed regulator (27 ), produces the electric generator drive (7). 3 ._ Sistema de transformación de la energía de las olas del mar, según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el sistema de transformación del movimiento alternativo de la estructura basculante (1) en movimiento de giro, 3.. System for transforming the energy of sea waves, according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for transforming the alternative movement of the tilting structure (1) into a rotating movement, se establece a panir de un cilindro O bomba hidráulica (15) que produce un it is set to panir of a cylinder or hydraulic pump (15) that produces a flujo y caudal hidráulico a presión que, a través de distintos conductos y tras paso por una llave de alta presión ( 17), el fluido alcanza un acumulador ( 16) hydraulic flow and pressure flow that, through different ducts and after passing through a high pressure wrench (17), the fluid reaches an accumulator (16) desde el cual y previo paso por un reductor de presión (19) Y un regulador de 5 caudal (20), se lleva a cabo el accionamiento de un motor hidráulico (2 1) a from which and after passing through a pressure reducer (19) and a 5-flow regulator (20), the drive of a hydraulic motor (2 1) is carried out to partir del cual se acciona el generador eléctrico (7); comprendiendo el  from which the electric generator is activated (7); understanding the circuito hidráulico a que pertenecen los componentes anteriormente referidos, hydraulic circuit to which the aforementioned components belong, un tanque de suministro y de almacenamiento (24) para el fluido que, desde el  a supply and storage tank (24) for the fluid that, from the motor hidráu lico (21), retorna por unos conductos (22), a dicho tanque de Hydraulic motor (21), returns through conduits (22), to said tank of 10 suministro de almacenamiento (24), compleme ntándose con una válvula de 10 storage supply (24), complemented by a valve seguridad (26), así como con llaves anti-retorno (18 Y 25). security (26), as well as with anti-return keys (18 and 25).
ES201131335A 2011-08-01 2011-08-01 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM OF LAS OLAS DEL MAR. Expired - Fee Related ES2397446B1 (en)

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