ES2396858A1 - High-performance solar collector for modified gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

A collector for modified gas turbines, for use with the solar energy irradiated by heliostats, preferably of the concentrator type. One or two or more solar irradiation collectors, independent of the turbine body, produce the necessary flow to achieve a high performance in modified gas turbines or those produced expressly for such collectors these collectors produce the flow for modified turbines of higher-performance powers, with a range similar to that of turbines that use fossil fuels or biofuels. The material used for these collectors consists of alloys of high calorific strength and high thermal conductivity. Preferably of paraboloid form for better focussing and greater resistance to working pressures, these collectors may be of different forms: parabolic, paraboloid or planar. The collectors are composed of two chambers and closed hermetically with a central division that forces the flow to pass via the front part, towards which the heliostats irradiate solar light, and with protuberances within for enhanced flow/irradiated plane temperature contact.

Description

High performance solar collector for modified gas turbine, for use with solar irradiation produced by mirrors or heliostats preferably concentrators. The solar collector presented in this invention patent has the novelty of, by its configuration, getting enough air flow to reach work with modified gas turbines of high energy efficiency of more than twenty megawatts. Until the invention U200600388 presented in 2006 and EPO 073810020-1267 in January 2007, and PCT / ES2011 / 070231, inventions of the same inventor of the present patent, it was not known that there was the application of using gas turbines for use with solar irradiation. And to date, insufficient energy efficiency had been achieved to achieve a performance comparable to that of gas or other fossil fuels in these modified turbines. The purpose of this inventive novelty is so that, with the precise mechanical modification in the turbine to displace the flow that arrives from the compressor to the solar collector that is outside the tower, subject to the structure of said tower, and the calculation of the size of its necessary collector surface, with the alloy of which the material of the collector is composed so that it can withstand high melting temperatures and which in turn possesses high thermal transmissibility, can pass the energy of the solar irradiation that it receives from the heliostats to the air, and this with the calculated flow, pressure and speed is directed to the blades of a turbine and can get enough mechanical power to transmit it to an electric generator, a three-phase synchronous generator. In the case of a turbine and compressor not tied to the same shaft, an asynchronous three-phase generator will be coupled to this turbine where the slip constancy is guaranteed by the mains current or synchronous auxiliary generator (excitation current) that supplies the voltage, so that, even if the driving machine that drives the generator lacks a speed regulator, the load and voltage oscillations of the main plant are absorbed and regulated. With the asynchronous generator you can take advantage of the tips of thermal load or maximum radiation in the central hours of the day

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention, as expressed in the statement of this specification, seeks and achieves that the gas turbines modified for use by means of solar irradiation, can achieve sufficient energy powers to transmit to the electric generators the same power they could exert if they were fed with gas or other fossil fuels. Its design refers to a thermo solar tower, with a gas turbine modified for use by means of solar irradiation. This can be placed inside or outside the tower: inside, vertically, and outside with a horizontal base, in which its structure would have been modified so that the compressed air output by the compressor is directed out of it and to a solar collector that It is located outside the installation, at the top of the tower and with its focus directed to the mirrors or concentrating heliostats, these heliostats that have the property of concentrating, each mirror, on a different point independently. The obvious thing is that due to the configuration of the collector, the turbine manages to cross and exceed the same energy limits that are achieved with steam turbines or with turbines that expose a minimum base and minimum reception due to the danger of the fusion of their metal compositions exposed to solar radiation and form in themselves a compact set. It is an object of this patent to be compared to thermal facilities of medium performance that use fossil fuels or water vapor, but with the main purpose of not contaminating, not consuming water and crossing the temperature limits and generation of mechanical and therefore electrical energy through a clean energy such as solar.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Thermo-solar towers are known to all who, as their title says, use sunlight to generate electricity through solar irradiation. There are those that use small receivers through which fluids pass directly, or through heat exchangers cause steam and this moves steam turbines that apply their energy to generators producing electricity. There are small turbines that prepare their combustion zone so that through rings or metal elements or rods through which the air circulates (most use concentrating lenses and containers that heat air, as well as ceramic elements that heat the air through the solar light), so that they can operate a small turbine of no more than 270 kilowatts due to not being able to withstand more solar irradiation, given the danger of deterioration and destruction of the type of collector due to the very high temperatures that it would require. Most of these collector equipment, turbine, form a set. It precedes this patent, which improves and expands news, to what is referred to in the description with the cited invention records: U200600388 filed in 2006 and EPO 07381002-0-1267 in January 2007, U201001209 of the concentrating heliostats and the PCT / ES2011 / 070231 of the same inventor, that although they are also based on having the priority in the principle of using modified gas turbines to obtain energy by means of solar irradiation, this patent applies novelties that advance the technique considerably and that will be explained in the description of the invention and the claims.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

This patent advances, crosses the frontier of the technique that the current tower installations with modified gas turbines have in the generation of electrical energy. With this novelty of an independent collector, to apply it to a modified gas turbine, gas turbines of all kinds of medium powers can be used to adapt to the arrangement of how to direct the air flow to the new collector, or to be design special turbines for him. This type of collector in solar installations has no more limit for the generation of electrical energy than that given by the land space to locate the precise amount of mirrors or concentrating heliostats, the irradiation in kilowatt solar hours of the geographical area of the installation , the coupling to the building of the solar collector the size that you need to achieve the flow for the electrical energy to be achieved, and to configure its size with the material that the collectors are to be used and distribute the temperature throughout its surface to support solar irradiation, the material with the highest thermal transmission ratio, and the limit with which the turbine operates. It solves a great problem in the energy market, since the system provides a much cheaper kilowatt, requires a smaller construction, and due to the use of heliostats that can be directed to the focus as if they were concentrators, they are at the distance that they are, a smaller need of land for the generation of the same power to generate by other means; and most importantly, it does not pollute the environment or consume water.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The equipment of this patent consists of one or more sensors with paraboloid shape applied to a preferably hollow tower, in the case of carrying out the project with the incorporation of a vertical turbine, as it appears in the drawings, or with the turbine in horizontal on a raised base closest to the collector and with the minimum distance in the compressor outlet ducts and turbine inlet. It is important to say that the collector, origin of this patent, does not use concentrating lenses, although a glass could be incorporated in front of the collector inlet with lower air inlet and upper outlet to avoid any pressure inside, but only as protection or safeguarding of low temperatures in the environment, but in no way with lens effect, since it uses heliostats that have the property of fixing their focus in a very small space, and its use is another novelty since the technique is of an invention of the inventor of this patent, but also because the collector is made to the size it needs to provide a flow to achieve the required power. The way it does it is by having created a structure that will support and a bottom with an insulator at high temperatures or any element of minimum thermal conductivity coating a refractory protector. On this bottom coating incorporates a thin plate of material with thermal insulating property and high temperature resistance. On this thermal insulating material has a layer of refractory elements that store heat, and on this refractory layer another thin surface of great thermal conductivity and heat resistance is coupled. Inside, a division must be installed that conducts the air to the front and forces the air to circulate through the front of the black material that receives the solar radiation and then routes it to the blades of the power turbine. Above all this and in which it has to deal with solar irradiation, closing the collector tightly has another layer of high thermal conduction material and high temperature resistance installed in its back protruding protrusions so that air rubs with them, with this a small turbulence is created. All of the above takes the shape of a somewhat oval paraboloid in the upper and lower part. From the back, and communicated with the interior of the hermetic chamber formed by the rear area crossing the insulating part, until communicating with the thermal conductive front, two ducts are communicated: the bottom with a cavity that is directed and envelops the exit of the turbine compressor and that forces, under pressure air, this one caused by the compressor blades on the air, to lead it, through conduits protected to the outside temperatures, to the interior of the hermetic chamber of the collector; and the upper duct is taken to the area that surrounds the entrance to the turbine blades where the collector, through the ducts, will conduct the air once the pressure and speed of the air flow to drive the turbine have been reached. As indicated inside the sensor, between the high thermal conductivity and also the high conductivity front plates that cover the insulator, there is also a high thermal conductivity plate that divides the hermetic chamber of the sensor into two parts: the entrance of the flow of the compressor by directing it to the front and to the top, where through an opening it communicates with the subsequent one, it lowers it until it closes the passage to the intake of the compressor and forces it out through the duct which directs the flow of air to the blades of the upper turbine that exerts the work towards the generating shaft. For the material that is presented to the radiation of the heliostats, molybdenum of thermal conductivity of 138 w / m2 / Kº can be used as an example and with the No. 42 of the periodic table, alone or with the alloy (Alloys the thermal conductivity goes up or down considerably and prevents oxidation of molybdenum.Next, in an example calculation, we set 1/3 of the 138 w / m2 / Kº) to make the thermal conductivity increase even if the heat resistance and therefore its melting point, is a material that with the precise alloy can lower the melting point, but still withstand more than 2,000 º C and thus increase its thermal conductivity which as we indicated pure state is of

138. It is just an example of the many materials from which the collector material can be composed. Installed the collector and communicated the ducts with the compressor and the upper turbine. Its focal point is directed to the heliostats so that it receives the solar irradiation and the face plate of the collector rises in temperature and conveys heat inside the air by convection, expanding its molecules and exerting pressure on the turbine and this a kinetic work, which is used with an electric generator. The turbine can be of the type that incorporates two turbines and a compressor, one connected by the shaft to the compressor and the other, free of the compressor connection, is connected by the shaft to the generator. In this case, two sensors can be used (also in the case of a single turbine that requires high performance): the first and lower to give the precise flow to move the compressor according to the energy to be produced, and the other and higher, which also receives the flow caused by the first and lower and that adds to the flow that will cause to be overheated with an irradiation greater than that received by the lower one, the resulting flow is applied to the upper turbine connected to the generator. The simplest installation and with a single turbine for lower powers, can be installed with a single sensor. But if, despite being with a single turbine, two collectors were to be installed, they would be connected: the upper duct of the lower collector, to the lower duct of the upper collector. The lower one, of larger size, will be focused on more energy (more energy, but dispersed by the concentrator) of solar irradiation but due to its dispersion on the material will result in lower temperature, the flow will pass to the upper one, of smaller size, which You will receive less solar radiation, in this case less energy, but greater concentration and therefore higher temperature so you will exercise more air expansion, a flow that will be applied to the turbine that in this case that is now explained are connected by the axis: compressor, turbine and generator. In both cases of double collector are for installations that require more energy to apply to the power grid. An example of real calculation of what a turbine with two sensors can achieve is the following, in which the turbine is to apply an energy of 30 to 35 megawatts (despite having reduced -to give an example based on minimum-the index of thermal transmissibility of the material of the receiver before possible alloys that, although they could raise the thermal index of the resulting material -such as the alloy with copper-, also by virtue of wanting to support a higher temperature it can lower its thermal conductivity):

Electricity to get: 30 Mw

Working fluid: Air Constant value of the ratio of specific heats: 1.4 Cycle carried out on the law of conservation of mass: Complete thermodynamics: air / air TOP RECEIVER: Study material: Molybdenum carbide (High temperature surface 1600ºC) Conductivity coefficient 138 W / m / Kº (Pure molybdenum) LOW COLLECTOR: Ferro-molybdenum (Low temperature surface 1230º C) Given that you can work with alloys, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity could fall, in the absence of technical data of the alloy

possible and establishing the minimum effectiveness to avoid false totals, a correction factor of 1/3 for the conductivity of molybdenum in the pure state is reduced and established (138/3 = 46 W / m / Kº) To keep the surfaces of uptake it is necessary to decrease the thickness of the walls. QH = Heat flow per hour, in the case of a flat wall of surface S and thickness E and a temperature difference between faces of Tm High temperature sensor surface (1,600º C) (S = 40m2 (Tm = 500º)) Low temperature collector surface (1,230º C) (S = 120 m2 (Tm = 400º)) High temperature wall thickness ……… .0, 066mtr Low temperature wall thickness ……… 0, 032mtr High temperature heat flow… (40 x 46 x 500 /, 066) = 13.939 KW / h Low temperature heat flow …… (120 x 46 x 400 / 0.032) = 66.937 KW / h Total flow ……………………….… 80.876 KW / h Turbine efficiency ……………… 37% Power obtained ………………… 29,924 KW / h Turbine air flow ……………… ..… 89 Kgrs / sg (16 m3 / sg) (Value medium) Speed on the internal wall of the sensors (With 25 mm pins on the entire inner wall of the sensors 7.4 mtr / sg.

If the weight of the collectors represents an obstacle when it comes to projecting the tower, the thickness of the collector elements can be reduced, thereby increasing the flow of thermal energy that passes through the wall in a unit of time. On the other hand, the thermal inertia that facilitates temperature stability decreases. The latter can be ensured by a heat accumulating wall by refractory ceramic material of smaller thickness and weight. It is taken into account in this study by previous calculation, the use of Molybdenum as a component, is an example of many other possible materials that support the high temperatures of solar irradiation for high performance turbines and high thermal conductivity. (Well, pure molybdenum oxidizes at 600º C and becomes MoO3 trioxide, and forms an oxide layer). Alloys avoid this phenomenon. It is important to indicate again that the turbine can go vertically or horizontally since the only thing that should be changed is the way of connection with the sensors. Likewise, in the case of a compressor and two turbines, the high-power one can be installed horizontally on a platform at the height of the lower turbine in which the flow of the lower turbine passes to the upper high temperature sensor, and from there go to the turbine of greater power connected to the generator installed horizontally. The geometry and flow areas of a given power plant are set at the "design point". In all other operating conditions, the components must be “coupled” to determine the pressure ratio, air flow, rotor speed, efficiency and other technical issues involved in the process of converting thermal energy into work shaft The “coupling point” is defined as the permanent state of operation of a gas turbine when the compressor and the turbine are balanced in terms of rotor speed, power and flow, defining and calculating for each project the adjustments corresponding to the different powers of the operating line corresponding to the configuration of the turbine in question. However, the two turbines can be connected to the same axis and thus eliminate the problem of synchronization. But it is important to detail that both types of turbine type are possible for use and performance. In the case of high-power turbines (although they can all go horizontally or with the mechanical preparation due vertically, in height or at the base), all the components of the gas turbine can be installed at the base of the tower , on the terrain. Only the collectors, heat recuperators or regenerator, would be installed in the tower. Losses of load would be minimized by increasing passage areas by having sufficient space in height. In any case you are lost would be compensated with more solar radiation on the collectors. A free and clean energy. For a 30 MW turbine, according to the example set out above, the power loss would be 1800 KW / h. To compensate for this loss, it is necessary to receive 4864 KW / h of thermal energy in the collectors, increase the compression ratio in the compressor, and increase the air flow. It is new in this patent of performance of electrical energy with sensors activated its flow by solar irradiation, being able to apply, for greater performance, a steam turbine connected to the main axis of the compressor. With the air flowing from the output of the rotor or power turbine at a temperature higher in some cases at 500 ° C it can be heated by means of a heat exchanger and with the water at high temperature feed a steam turbine whose purpose is to support the work of the compressor with its work, so we increase the efficiency of the total turbine efficiency. The following is a mathematical example of the performance of a modified gas turbine to operate through the application of the energy produced by solar irradiation: An example of calculation of a modified gas turbine with steam turbine support is shown below. in the drag of the air compressor:

29.354MW / h turbine

Compression ratio …………………………………. ………… 1/18 Air flow ……………………………………………………… 68 Kgrs / sg Air inlet temperature ……………………………………… ..... 290º K Turbine exhaust air temperature ………………………… ..… ..… 704º K Power gross turbine ……………………… .. ……………… .. 47,821 KW / h Power delivered to the compressor ………………………… ..... 28,300 KW / h Production of reheated steam ……………… .. …………. 32,989 Kgrs / h Vapor pressure ……………………………………………………… 40 Kgrs / cm2 Reheating temperature ……………. ……… .. …………. 823º K Reheated steam enthalpy …………………………. ………… ..850 Kcal. / Kgrs Enthalpy in the discharge ……………………………………… .600 Kcal. / Kgrs Discharge pressure (Air-vapor condensation) ……………… ..0.2 Kgrs / cm2 Saturated steam title (Discharge) ……………………… .. …… x = 0.95 Power obtained: ………. …… (850-600) / 860x 32989 Kgrs = 9,833 KW / h Connecting to a turbine compressor: ..28300 Kw.-9833 Kw. = 18,467 Kw. Net power delivered to the generator… 47 821 Kw.-18467 Kw. = 29354 Kw./h Thermal energy received at collector… ………… .. …………… .51.428 Kw. / h Cycle performance after collector ……………………… 57% Heliostat surface (Capture efficiency: 60%). …… ... 85,713 m2 For a radiation of 1000w / m2.day.h that we would have increased the turbine efficiency of the complete cycle to 57%)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The 5 figures are divided into different representations: Figure 01 with two sensors 5 and 15, Figure 02 is a system of blocks of the system; Fig. 03 is a representation with the concentrating heliostats 50, and two collectors 5, and 15; Figure 04 is represented with a single sensor 5 and Figure 05 is a representation with a complete installation with two sensors: 5 and 15, a turbine 28, the rest is explained below: Figure 01 shows a modified gas turbine in which two solar collectors 5 and 15 have been incorporated for a single turbine 12, in this case the power one: The upper collector 5 of smaller size is where there will be greater concentration in less space of the solar irradiation therefore higher temperature, and the number 15 and lower and of larger size where it will receive a greater amount of irradiation from a greater number of heliostats 50 of Figure 03 preferably of the type that can be used as concentrators despite being at a distance, but this radiation distributed over its larger surface and where the air will reach a lower temperature than in the collector 5. Figure 01 describes the components from the bottom up: the main body containing the turbine 28, first axis ncipal 1, compressor 3, which compresses on the ring 7. Because of the intermediate wall 25 of the sensor 15 which forces the air to pass through the front wall of the focus of the sensor 15, the air circulates through the protuberances 4 of the wall that it receives solar irradiation and forces it to ascend to the entrance of the collector 5, and that by the division that is also installed the collector 5, makes it ascend in the same way that happens in the collector 15 in friction with the front that also receives solar irradiation and between the same bumps as in 4; the air rises already at a high temperature and the resulting flow is directed to the ring 6 and drives the blades of the turbine 12. The resulting heat of the air after the work of the turbine 12 rises between the exchanger 14. Figure 02, a representation of the block system, is the most significant of the operation of the different parts of the patent and we will explain below: the compressor 3 compresses the air, and passes that compressed air through 7 and directs the air flow to the sensor 15 where it reaches at a temperature of approximately 900 ° C, the sensor 15 directs the air flow to 19 which moves the turbine 2 that is attached to the compressor 3. The turbine 2 directs through 17 the air flow to the sensor 5, where it receives irradiation with a concentration: 1/760, reaching a temperature at the collector plate of approximately 1127º C the air at the working pressure directs its flow to 6 that drives the turbine 12 (which may well be connected to the generated r 26, independent but synchronized with turbine 2, or attached to it and forming a whole set); (In the case that the turbines are separated, the free turbine can drag an asynchronous generator, in this way the number of revolutions is independent of the other components. The air flows to the outlet and in this it meets the exchanger 14 with a fluid inside that directly or through another exchanger produces water vapor and directs it to 24 that produces kinetic energy on the steam turbine 16 transmitting its work to the compressor 3 through the axis that joins them. The steam once has produced the work on the compressor 3 passes through 23 to a steam tank 21 and which in turn is condenser, once liquefied by condensation or pressure, the pump 20 directs the water back to the heat exchanger 14 forming a closed circuit In Figure 3, a field of concentrating heliostats 50 radiating to the collectors 15, of low temperature, and 5 of high temperature is shown, Figure 04 shows an installation of a single turbine 12 with a single sensor 5, connected to the compressor 3. In this type of installation of lower effective energy power, the air flow that enters through 13 and leaves the compressor 3 and goes to the sensor 5 that runs as in the installations of two collectors, only in figure 04 of a single sensor 5, at the exit of the sensor 5, it goes directly to the single turbine 12. Figure 05 shows a gas turbine installation modified 28, clutch 45, steam turbine 16, generator 26 and condensation and pressure tank 21. The explanation of these is the following: When the turbine 28 is operated, its compressor sucks air through 44 which runs through the ducts 42 towards the inlet of the sensor 15, passes through it raising the temperature by solar irradiation and exits through the exit 17 to the input 6 of the sensor 5 where the temperature of the air or flow rises to very high, from this low through the conduit 43 to the t entrance urbine by operating the blades of the power turbine 28 and transmitting its work to the generator 26. At the hot air outlet 40 of the turbine 28, on its way is a heat exchanger 14 that produces steam and leads it to the turbine of steam 16 which, when performing its work, helps the compressor of the turbine 28 through the clutch 45 both transmit the work to the generator 26. The steam output of the steam turbine 16 is directed to 21 a tank prepared for high pressures and with thermal insulation to keep the temperature. Condensed steam either by condensation or pressure at 21 is directed back to 14 by performing a closed circuit. The air that rises through 14 with a temperature of about 180 degrees passes to the heat exchanger 41 in order to take full advantage of the energy by cogeneration of this combined cycle either for heating in winter or with an absorption machine to produce cold in summer to the plant; the air enters through 44 and the residual air (or the gases in the case of being used with injectors 51, in figure 01) leaves through 30. It is important to note that the bottom of the collector or collectors, figure 01 in 5 and 15, the The bottom of the sensor 15 is made up of support reinforcement, insulation, refractory ceramics and a material plate with high temperature resistance and high thermal resistivity. Figure 01 shows injectors 51, in the lower part of collectors 5 and 15, which would apply fuels: gas or other fossil derivatives or produced from plant or organic biodiversity, for their performance in hours without solar radiation.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Since this type of solar tower installation with modified turbine with high performance and temperature solar collectors, it can be installed either vertically with compressor and turbine, or with double turbine, being this one, the power one , horizontally with the generator, and communicated with the high temperature sensor. We will describe the construction of a double collector installation, independent of the rest, such as the steam turbine, compressor, modified gas turbine that will go to the base of the land. It is important to make a concrete base sufficient to support the weight of the turbine and generator set, and that the entire installation is fixed and leveled in order to avoid vibrations during its operating regime, whichever it may be. The gas turbines have to be modified or made especially for the project in order to form a ring around the mouth of the compressor, as well as at the entrance and exit of the turbines, assuming they are two, with an area enough not to throttle or lengthen the flow of air from compressor to collector and from collector to turbine, and that the flow is homogeneous to all the blades that make up the turbines. The tower should preferably be hollow and, depending on whether the turbine as a whole goes vertically, it would have to adapt it to the needs required by this type of installation. We commented at the beginning that this example of realization would be installed in the base, that the tower could be rectangular or of the form that was more interesting according to the geography of the land. The height of the tower would be destined to meet the needs of energy production, given that the more energy power to be produced, the greater the volume of radiating heliostats and the greater area of the collectors, and in order that they did not become shade when producing irradiation, the height of the tower should meet that requirement: to be able to receive each and every one of the heliostats. At the precise height of good solar irradiation capture, a solar receiver or collector would be installed that would have been manufactured with inviolable requirements in its conformation and heat resistance and with materials that were highly thermally transmissible. This or these sensors would preferably have a paraboloid shape, in order to have a large field of solar irradiation capture. Determining that it was paraboloid, the base or bottom of a material that formed a strong armor and with the moorings and grips needed to be hung or embedded in part of the tower, that front that gave the heliostat field would be manufactured. An insulating material that would complete the entire bottom would be applied on that reinforcement, on that insulating material a surface of a paraboloid shape would be installed without losing its entire surface, a surface of a suitable material for storing heat and transmitting it, such as refractory ceramics or others. On this layer would be a thin sheet of material very resistant to heat and a high rate of thermal transmission; an alloy as we indicated that it could be molybdenum or others such as ferro-molybdenum, molybdenum and copper, molybdenum carbide etc., or equivalents that keep the physical and structural conditions of heat support and thermal transmission. On it would be a sheet that would create a chamber between the sheet that covers the refractory material and another that we will place later, in order to make a certain flow enter below or above, depending on the installation, and force it to go ahead to the top that would have entrance to the chamber with the refractory storage area and from there to a conduit. Immediately close another chamber hermetically, leaving a gap with the intermediate of approximately 100 mm. This sheet that closes, of the same material as that of the bottom and intermediate, on the inside would be covered with some pins or protuberances of the same material that would make a slight brake and turbulence to the flow that circulated through it. This one, with black background and front, would be the one to receive the solar irradiation irradiated by the heliostats or mirrors. In short, the paraboloid-shaped sensor would be hermetically sealed, with an internal division and two ducts in the back that would oblige: through the entrance to the air that circulates in front of the intermediate, ascend in friction with it and the protuberance, and once in the upper part descend to the outlet duct transmitting heat to stabilize the refractory area. In high-performance installations, there would be two or more sensors, in the case of two: the lower one and the lowest internal temperature: plus minus 1200 degrees by irradiation and larger, and a higher one, smaller, prepared to reach high solar irradiation temperatures. These would be connected: the entrance of the lower one to the ring that surrounds the exit of the compressor, this one, depending if the installation is of two independent turbines, would go to

the first turbine with the axis to the compressor and from there to the second and superior collector and from this to the high power turbine. Or the output of the collector, if you want to achieve high power but a single turbine, at the entrance of the upper collector and the latter at the entrance to the turbine blades. These conduits, with the ideal surface to avoid loss of load, as well as thermally insulated so as not to lose temperature, would go to the installation of the base, each conduit to the area that corresponded to it: compressor or turbine. At the exit of the power or final turbine, taking advantage of the residual temperature that the turbine expands, a heat exchanger would be placed, which directly or by means of another exchanger, depending on the fluid that would be used we would produce steam to apply it to a turbine connected to the compressor shaft, in order to increase the energy efficiency of the installation and raise the turbine effectiveness coefficient. This steam circuit would be closed: the steam would pass to a condensation chamber and from there, by installing a hydraulic pump back to the heat exchanger. Injector collectors are installed, so that the

15 installation performance outside for twenty-four hours, receiving gas or fuels derived from fossils or biodiversity. The other structural issues are those that as a rule for these thermo-solar installations for electricity generation are mandatory in each country, as well as the resistance of the materials for the plant and construction of the tower.

Claims (2)

1st HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLAR RECEIVER FOR MODIFIED GAS TURBINE, according to the specification, a sensor or collectors for a modified gas turbine to be installed in thermal towers in which the energy generated by the installations is derived from solar irradiation, characterized by incorporating one or more solar collectors (15 and 5) to provide or provide sufficient flow to achieve high energy performance in a modified turbine (28) to use the air as an ideal gas and as a fuel, for the expansion of the flow (air), solar irradiation; in which the collector incorporates: a body of shape, preferably, paraboloid, as a parabola or plane that depends on the installation and place where it is installed, an insulated bottom and on the insulation a refractory ceramic, a plate (11) high thermal conductivity resistant to high temperatures covering the refractory zone, a plate (8) of high resistance to high temperatures and thermal conductor that divides the collectors into two conductive zones of air or flow between the refractory zone: end of the route on the way to the flow outlet (6) and the air or flow inlet (17) of the collector (5) and in the collector (15) of the inlet (7) and the outlet (19); a front of material, black to solar radiation, very resistant to high temperatures and high thermal transmissivity with bulges in the inner wall (4), closes tightly with the bottom of the sensor; two shots in the back that go to the body of the turbine (28), which in the collector (5) as we said the input is (17) and the output (6) to power turbine (12). 2nd HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLAR RECEIVER FOR MODIFIED GAS TURBINE, according to claim 1 characterized in that it incorporates a modified gas turbine, with one or several external sensors, which can go vertically, inside the tower, or horizontally on a raised platform or installed on the ground attached to the tower and connected with ducts (42) to the collectors (5) and (15) and to the turbine (28). 3rd HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLAR RECEIVER FOR MODIFIED GAS TURBINE, according to claim 1 characterized in that it incorporates one or two collectors (5) and (15) or more for high powers to power energy with a fluid from one of the collectors (5) or several (5) and (15) to a power turbine (12), or two turbines: (2) and (12) joined or separated (2) and (12). 4th HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLAR RECEIVER FOR MODIFIED GAS TURBINE, according to claim 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that to achieve greater energy efficiency in a modified gas turbine for use with the energy of the collectors (5), (15) fed by the solar radiation, incorporates, a steam turbine (16) that by cogeneration feeds on the heat exchanger (41) that incorporates and that by the temperature of the air that passes through it produces steam and feeds said steam turbine (16) and that by means of the incorporation of the clutch (45), through it, it applies its resulting energy in the turbine (29) to reduce the work of its compressor (3) and increase the energy efficiency of the turbine assembly (29); because it incorporates a pressure reservoir that receives the steam used by the steam turbine (16) and transfers it already condensed by the temperature difference or by pressure to the heat exchanger (14) making a closed circuit; because by incorporating the clutch (45) it can be changed by disengaging the modified gas turbine (28) and using the steam stored in (21) so that in hours of solar deficiency the electric generator (26) operates. 5th HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLAR SENSOR FOR MODIFIED GAS TURBINE, according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4 characterized by incorporating concentrating heliostats (50), which are configured as solar irradiation concentrators, so that high temperatures can be reached in the smaller collector (5) and distributed by the collector (15). 6th HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLAR RECEIVER FOR MODIFIED GAS TURBINE, according to claim 1 and 3 characterized in that it incorporates in the collectors (5) and (15) some injectors prepared to be able to apply gas, hydrogen or other fossil fuels or fuels generated from biodiversity. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201290056 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 08.09.2011 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: See Additional Sheet RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

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56 Documents cited Claims Affected

TO

US 2008156315 A1 (YANGPICHIT PITAYA) 07/03/2008, paragraphs [0043] - [0050]; Figures 1-3, 4A, 1-3

4B, 5, 6A, 6B.

TO

EN 8105827 A1 (KRAFTWERK UNION AG) 01/09/1981, the whole document. 1-6

TO

WO 2011001546 A1 (MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD ET AL.) 01/01/2011, summary; figures. 1,2,5

TO

FR 2948733 A1 (UGOLIN NICOLAS) 04/02/2011, the whole document. 1,2,4

TO

FR 2844561 A1 (MILLION BERNARD PIERRE ET AL.) 03/19/2004, the whole document. 1.2

TO

US 2009212570 A1 (LE JOHN OR ET AL.) 08/27/2009, the whole document. 1.2

TO

EN 1073321 U (VILLARRUBIA RUIZ JONAS) 11/30/2010, the whole document. 1,2,4,5

TO

EN 1062512 U (VILLARRUBIA RUIZ JONAS) 07/01/2006, the whole document. 1,2,5

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 19.12.2012

Examiner D. Hermida Cibeira Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201290056 CLASSIFICATION OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION F03G6 / 04 (2006.01) F03G6 / 06 (2006.01) F24J2 / 07 (2006.01) Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) F03G, F24J Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENTIONS, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201290056 Date of Written Opinion: 19.12.2012 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-6 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-6 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201290056 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

US 2008156315 A1 (YANGPICHIT PITAYA) 03.07.2008

D02

ES 8105827 A1 (KRAFTWERK UNION AG) 01.09.1981

D03

WO 2011001546 A1 (MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD et al.) 06.01.2011

D04

FR 2948733 A1 (UGOLIN NICOLAS) 04.02.2011

D05

FR 2844561 A1 (MILLION BERNARD PIERRE et al.) 03/19/2004

D06

US 2009212570 A1 (LE JOHN O et al.) 08/27/2009

D07

ES 1073321 U (VILLARRUBIA RUIZ JONAS) 11/30/2010

D08

ES 1062512 U (VILLARRUBIA RUIZ JONAS) 01.07.2006

2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement The present invention relates to a high performance solar collector for modified gas turbine. Document D01 is considered to be the closest in the state of the art to the object of claim 1. In said document, to which the following reference numerals belong, is disclosed (paragraphs [0043] - [0050]; Figures 1- 3, 4A, 4B, 5, 6A, 6B) a solar chimney (10) with an inner solar collector capable of heating the air in the chimney and thus creating an updraft that can be used to move a turbine and produce electricity (paragraph [ 0047]). Said sensor comprises a flat substrate (9) with an absorbent coating (7) on which the concentrated solar radiation (1) that passes through a lens (3), or a window (33), and an opening (5) of the solar chimney (10), said substrate being (9) in direct contact with primary fins (11) and in indirect contact with secondary fins (13) that favor heat exchange with air in the solar chimney (10) (paragraphs [0043], [0044]; Figure 1). There is also an inner tube (15, 35) that divides the solar collector into two concentric zones of air circulation (paragraphs [0045], [0048]; figures 4A, 5). On the other hand, the solar chimney (10) has a layer of insulating material (21) (paragraph [0045]; figure 1). Differences are observed between the invention of document D01 and the object of claim 1. Particularly, it is observed that in the invention of document D01 a refractory ceramic layer covered by a plate of high thermal conductivity resistant to The high temperatures. Due to this difference found, claim 1 and its dependent claims 2-6 are considered new (Art. 6, LP 11/1986). As regards the inventive activity of claim 1, it is considered that it would not be obvious to reproduce its object to a person skilled in the art starting from document D01, nor have other documents of the prior art been found that could be combined in an evident way. with said document D01 for this purpose. Therefore, it is estimated that claim 1 and its dependent claims 2-6 involve inventive activity (Art. 8, LP 11/1986). The rest of the cited documents simply reflects the state of the art. State of the Art Report Page 4/4