ES2393958B1 - SOLAR PLANE VACUUM INSULATION COLLECTOR. - Google Patents

Abstract

The flat solar collector of vacuum insulation is a collector composed of a body (3), on which the solar radiation absorber is deposited and joined by a part to a body (2) so that it creates a tightly closed space and susceptible of being done in a vacuum, and on the other, to a body (1) through which the heat captured from the solar radiation will be evacuated, usually using a fluid that will act as the heat fluid captured from the solar radiation, usually using a fluid that will act as a heat transfer fluid of the primary circuit of any type of solar installation, without excluding any other heat evacuation system. This manifold can work under pressure conditions, being compatible with the usual maximum pressure of any solar installation and which is usually set at 15 bar. of maximum pressure.

Description

SOLAR FLAT ISOLATION COLLECTOR WITH VACCUM T ~ CNICA CURRENT OF LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR COLLECTORS OR PLATES.

The technique of current solar collectors is based on two principles

relatively simple physicists: The first is the principle of capturing

different frequencies contained in the solar radiation waves by the

black body and its heat transfonmation. The second is the principle of "confining" the heat produced in a quasi-adiabatic space in order to be transferred to a fluid that will transport it to the point of use or consumption. Under the name of low temperature solar panel all those in which solar radiation is received on the deployed surface are grouped to absorb it without concentrating it on smaller surfaces as other techniques (medium and high temperature) such as parabolic mirrors can do ,

semi-cylinders, and mirror concentration techniques in salt reactors

molten (solar thermal). Within the group of low temperature solar panels there are two types of

well differentiated techniques; the so-called "flat plate" and the so-called

"of vacuum tubes". The one of "flat plate" presents on the one of "tubes of emptiness"

the advantage of offering a relationship between surface capable of absorbing solar radiation and very high occupied surface, while confining heat

produced by the absorbed radiation is more advantageous in the "vacuum tube" technique than in the "flat plate" technique.

On the other hand the solar radiation received on the earth's surface every day

of the year, it is obviously a function of the time of day and the season in which

measure Considering the use of solar radiation based on the time of day and the season and still taking into account the inclination

Optimal solar panels, the result is different for each of the

techniques, which in broad strokes could be defined as variations of the effective surface of solar energy collection, better for vacuum tubes

with diffuse radiation and better for the flat plate with direct radiation. Finally, both in one and the other technique the circulation of the fluid that takes the heat to the point of consumption or use inside the solar panel is

entrusts most of the available plates to the use of metal pipes, usually copper.

The flat vacuum insulation manifold combines the advantages of the two techniques

previous (maximum absorption surface ratio and greater confinement

thermal), and substantially improves in front of them the collection of solar energy during each hour of the day, throughout each day during the year. Basically

its use does not require the use of metal pipe, which is an obvious

Simplification of the manufacture of solar panels and obviously lower cost.

DESCRIPTION The flat solar collector of vacuum insulation is a flat-panel solar collector composed of three fundamental parts, which can be represented, in drawing 1, identified by numbers; # 1, # 2

and n03, contained in each of them.

The body or part described with # 2 is a parallelepiped in which one of

its six faces are open, and that can be defined by three dimensions,

indicated in drawing 1 by the letters "a", "b" and "c", the dimensions of

open face those defined by the letters Ub "and" e ". In this collector, object of the

Patent application, for these dimensions only the

condition that; a> c and b> c, being able to give "a" and "b" any value

provided that the above condition is met. The body or part represented in

drawing 1 with # 1 is in turn made up of two pieces, an external one,

identified with No. 1 and another internal, contained inside and identified with

No. 1 ". The lower external dimensions of the body or part No. 1 of the drawing must coincide with those of the parallelepiped identified with No. 2, these being represented by the letters" b "and" e ". Also for the body or part

identified in the drawing with # 1 ', which as stated is contained inside the body or part # 1 of drawing 1, it must be fulfilled that its

lower dimensions are those indicated with the letters "b [" Y "and l" being

these are smaller than "b" and Oc ". This body or part identified in drawing 1 with No. 1 and also the one identified in drawing 1 with No. 2, have the

Technical feature of being constructed with any transparent material.

The body or part represented in drawing 1 with # 3 is a parallelepiped

whose dimensions are "a 1", "b 1" Y "e 1" and must meet the condition of being

lower than the corresponding "a", "b" and Oc "of the parallelepiped represented by # 2 in drawing 1 so that" a ">" al '"" b ">" b, "Y" c ">" c, "so that the parallelepiped # 3 of drawing 1 can fit perfectly inside the parallelepiped # 2. This parallelepiped (# 3 of dibuj01) to the same as that # 2 will present open one of its six faces that must be defined for its dimensions "b," and "c, 'also fulfilling the

condition to present a completely black and opaque color, be it

Whatever the material that covers it to confer this property, it can be from a black paint to the deposit of a layer of mixture of oxides

metallic or any other, or the material itself

compound. The union between parallelepipeds # 2 and # 3 is made by a rectangular piece, represented in drawing 1 by # 4 and whose surface

is defined by the difference of surfaces between the rectangle of dimensions "b"

and "c" and another inscribed within the previous dimensions "b," and "c, 'so that this joint will be defined by the surface of the rectangle" b / c "

minus the area defined in the rectangle inscribed in the previous one of

dimensions "b, 1 c,", given that the dimension perpendicular to the side of external length "b" and that perpendicular to the side of external length "c" shall, in all of it, be equal to; ("c" - "c,") 12. This connecting piece can be of any material, and its only characteristic is to achieve an absolute tightness in the volume that is comprised between the parallelepipeds represented in drawing 1 with numbers 2 and 3. This piece is represented with number 4 A. Depending on the mechanical resistance presented by the parallelepipeds

represented by numbers 2 and 3 in drawing 1 will be inserted between both

so many pieces of shape and dimensions approximately equal to piece 4 A

which we will call in the following "4", as said resistance

mechanics advise the object of resisting the atmospheric pressure that exerts force from the outside on the surface of the parallelepiped represented by # 2 since in the volume existing between both parallelepipeds it should not

there is an absolute pressure greater than 0.01 bar. Another characteristic of

pieces "4" is to allow equal pressure between the spaces that

they limit, unlike piece 4 whose mission is to get the

maximum tightness in the space contained between parallelepipeds No. 2 and

No. 3 of drawing 1 to which it serves as a limit.

The body or part identified with the number "1 '" in drawing 1 is a body

5

composed of four surfaces:

One of them that could be expressed as the result of dragging a

approximately parabolic line of maximum distance to the guideline, of

c / 2 or greater than this at any "x" value, (a

value of ", r 'greater than 10 times the value of" c ") and of length to focus on

1O

any of the cases greater than 5 centimeters, throughout the piece

"4 A" (described above) in its entire internal length "b-c" / 2, although

no other form is excluded for said surface, such as a

cylindrical, parallelepipedic or any other shape.

The second and third surfaces would be those defined by the line

fifteen

approximately parabolic of the previous paragraph or of any of the

Other forms indicated.

The fourth surface is defined by the hollow part of piece 4 A.

Of the four previous superticies, the first three form a body

twenty

similar to a cylinder split in two and crushed by lateral surface, of

so that the bases of such a cylinder are each of the surfaces, second

and third or any other of those mentioned in the previous points.

Finally, this body or part of the collector joins part 4 A.

From everything described in the previous paragraphs it follows that they have been formed

25

two different spaces; one of them delimited by bodies # "1" and "No. 3"

joined together by the internal part of piece 4 A and the second, delimited by

this same piece, the parallelepiped n ° u2 "and the number" 3 ", completely closed,

except for the hole represented in drawing 1 by the letter "d". In this second

space is where it has already been said that a vacuum less than 0.05 will be generated

30

bars and close to 0.01 bars.

The communication of these two spaces with the outside has been represented in

drawing 1 using the letters "d", "e" and "f '. The letters" e "and" f' of drawing 1

identify the four communication holes with the outside of the first

space described in the previous paragraph; "f for superiors and" e "for

lower. The letters "f 'represent the upper holes made on the two surfaces, approximately parabolic defined as second and

third of the body or part of # 1 "in drawing 1 and located on said surfaces on the focus itself defined by the line approximately parabolic or very close to it, and the holes identified in the drawing by

the letters "e" are two other holes made on the same surfaces,

second and third, but close to their base. The hole identified in drawing 1 with the tetra "d" is the one that communicates the space bounded by the bodies or parts identified in drawing 1 by the numbers; "2", "3" and "4 A" with the outside. This hole is intended to make the "void" in the entire

space.

FUNCTIONING.

The thermal confinement in a flat solar plate is achieved by the interposition of a material of low thermal conductivity between the outside and the part of the plate that stores as heat the solar energy collected unlike the vacuum tube in which the thermal confinement is achieved by creating a space unable to conduct heat since it does not exist

any substance between the part of the tube that stores the heat, and the outside, although the fact that the ratio of surface area (absorption) and surface occupied is clearly better in the flat plate has already been cited. The novelty of this collector is that basically a flat plate is the thermal insulation between the space of the same in which the heat accumulates (body identified with No. "3" in drawing 1) and the exterior is entrusted to the vacuum similarly used in the solar panels of the technique called "vacuum tubes". The vacuum tube technique consists in placing a series of tubes in a plane on which solar radiation is to be received, but this system suffers from a clear problem conditioned by its own symmetry and is the one that derives from the condition Cylindrical tubes that imposes the existence of gaps between tube and tube so that each of them, at the time when solar radiation does not reach perpendicularly no shade to its neighbors. This forces to separate one from another so that in a vacuum tube collector of a gross surface (which occupies the collector in its installation place) of 2.2 square meters, it displays a real useful area against solar radiation 1.6 square meters (opening area). In the solar collector object of this Patent Application the difference between the area

gross and the opening area is much smaller than the required space

for the same energy collection it would be much lower in the case of the collector

solar flat vacuum insulation than in vacuum tube collectors

current. On the other hand the solar collector, object of the Patent Application and due to the

possible configurations of the bodies described with the numbers "1" and "1 '' ', no

it would require the use of a metallic body to configure the primary circuit in a solar thermal installation (heating circuit) since due to the difference in densities between the hot fluid and the cold fluid it will be established in the collector, provided it is not "lying down" "in a completely horizontal plane, a net separation between the fluid heated by the collector and the fluid entering it, colder and therefore denser, separates

it will be all the sharper the less horizontal the collector is installed. In this way the pumping of fluid will not require the existence of a metallic circuit that confines the fluid entrusted with the evacuation of heat within

the limits of a metal pipe, which, from the point of view of wear

of the collector and consequently of its maintenance and that of the entire installation constitutes a clear improvement.

The existence of the pair of holes identified in drawing 1 with the letters "e" and "F in the upper part of the collector in which a connection device with a neighboring collector is installed or not, and as a result of the difference in densities between hot and cold fluids will allow an installation to be defined in which the connection between collector and collector does not require the existence of external connection pipes, even exceeding 6 square meters that the regulations of the new technical building code in its HE4 directive it provides for thermal, flat or vacuum tube collectors, connected in series, since depending on the height given to the focus of the approximately parabolic line that defines the surface at which these holes identified by the letters "e "and" f 'have been practiced, an online connection of a number of collectors connected to each other exceeding 6 square meters of collection surface would be of connected collectors n or in series but in parallel.

In drawing 2 a view of the parts can be seen; # 2, # 3 and 4 A of the collector from top to bottom on the left side of the drawing and on the

right, the three assembled parts (# 5), fusing the space (internal) through which the heat transport fluid (heat transfer) circulates and the closed space in which the evacuation of any material to approximate is to be practiced

its internal pressure to the so-called vacuum.

Likewise, in drawing 3 the body previously formed with parts # 2 and # 3 and parts # 1 and # 1 'can be seen on its left side, and on its right side the completely finished manifold,

Claims (1)

5 First. ~  Any design of solar thermal collector of Jos denominated is claimed planes in which the thermal confinement of heat produced by the captured solar energy is entrusted to a space around the absorber part in which a partial or complete emptying has been carried out being able to 10 consider the pressure in this space considerably below atmospheric. Second.In relation to the First claim and depending on what is described in the It also claims the design of any flat thermal solar collector whose insulating material at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and at the pressure of an atmosphere is in a gaseous state such as, for example, air, space in which there is no substance. in which, the fluid container The heat transporter captured does not require the use of metal pipes or other material even if the external pressure exerted on said fluid is higher 20 at atmospheric.