ES2390436A1 - Parallel-configuration telerobotic arm for use in minimally invasive surgery - Google Patents

Parallel-configuration telerobotic arm for use in minimally invasive surgery Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2390436A1
ES2390436A1 ES201001008A ES201001008A ES2390436A1 ES 2390436 A1 ES2390436 A1 ES 2390436A1 ES 201001008 A ES201001008 A ES 201001008A ES 201001008 A ES201001008 A ES 201001008A ES 2390436 A1 ES2390436 A1 ES 2390436A1
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Spain
Prior art keywords
minimally invasive
arm
invasive surgery
telerobotic
parallel configuration
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ES201001008A
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Spanish (es)
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ES2390436B1 (en
Inventor
Jose Maria Sabater Navarro
Eduardo Fernandez Jover
Nicolas GARCIA ARACIL
Carlos Perez Vidal
Jose Maria Azorin Poveda
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Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche UMH
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Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche UMH
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Priority to ES201001008A priority Critical patent/ES2390436B1/en
Priority to PCT/ES2011/070522 priority patent/WO2012013846A1/en
Publication of ES2390436A1 publication Critical patent/ES2390436A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/302Surgical robots specifically adapted for manipulations within body cavities, e.g. within abdominal or thoracic cavities
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/304Surgical robots including a freely orientable platform, e.g. so called 'Stewart platforms'

Abstract

The present invention concerns a telerobotic arm having at least four degrees of freedom that can move the surgical tools in a minimally invasive surgical operation. The robotic arm preferably comprises five actuators, four of which are used to execute the four degrees of freedom and the fifth to control tool exchanges. Each arm is small and has sufficient dynamic capacity to perform surgical tasks.

Description

BRAZO TELERROBOTICO DE CONFIGURACION PARALELA PARA APLICACIONES DE CIRUGIA MINIMA INVASIVA La presente invenciOn consiste en un brazo telerrobOtico de, al menos, 5 cuatro grados de libertad capaz de realizar los movimientos de las herramientas quirurgicas en una operaci6n de cirugia minimamente invasive. El brazo rob6tico esta formado preferentemente por cinco actuadores, cuatro de ellos para ejecutar los 4 grados de libertad y 1 adicional para controlar el intercambio de herramienta. Cada brazo tiene un 10 tamario reducido, junto con una capacidad dinamica suficiente para la realizacion de las tareas quirCirgicas. SECTOR TECNICO AL QUE SE REFIERE LA INVENCION 15 El presente invento se refiere al campo de los sistemas quiriirgicos con asistencia rob6tica, robots quirurgicos y sistemas autornaticos para cirugia asistida por cornputador. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION 20 La cirugia minima invasiva se caracteriza por la utilizaciOn de pequelias incisiones menores de 10 mm de forma que los instrumentos penetran en el cuerpo atravesando dichas incisiones. En estos puntos de entrada se colocan los trocares, que son elementos que permiten el acceso de dichos 25 instrumentos restringiendo la cinematica de operaciOn a una articulacion esferica mas un grado de libertad de traslaciOn a lo largo del eje de la herramienta quirurgica. Los dispositivos robOticos se definen como intrinsecamente seguros porque su diselio mecanico se basa en dos requisitos, evitar colisiones entre sus elementos y evitar singularidades 30 dentro del espacio de trabajo de la herramienta del robot. La solucion mas comun es el uso del "remote center of motion" (RCM), que coloca el centro 5 de rotaci6n de la murieca del robot en el trocar. De esta forma no se produce ninguna traslaciOn de dicho punto, evitando que cualquier fallo en el control del robot provoque algun dafio en el paciente. Sobre esta idea, existen distintos sistemas rob6ticos como el denominado Bluedragon o el llamado WA-slave que colocan la intersecciOn de los ejes de la muneca sobre el punto trocar. Actualmente, existen dispositivos robOticos mas voluminosos, como el 10 reivindicado con la patente US 5,855,583 conocido como "Method and apparatus form performing minimally" o la patente americana US 5,337,732 con titulo "Robotic Endoscopy" o incluso la patente americana "Automated endoscope system for optimal poistioning", no obstante, estos dispositivos son engorrosos y grandes y por tanto provocan problemas de ergonomia 15 en el quirofano; sobre todo durante el cambio de herramienta, obligando a tener tiempos de preparaci6n del robot y el paciente antes de la operaci6n muy largos y generando problemas en la economia del quirofano. Tambien, se han generado dispositivos de pequefio tamario, como el denominado MARS o el dispositivo de la Universidad de Hawaii o el 20 llamado Light Endoscope-Holder Robot, no obstante, estos dispositivos poseen una capacidad muy pequefia para ejercer las fuerzas necesarias en algunos procedimientos quirOrgicos actuales, por tanto son dificilmente adaptables a determinadas realidades quirCargicas. Ante esta situaci6n, la invenciOn proporciona mejoras o innovaciones sobre 25 los dispositivos existentes. La presente invencion posee una estructura cinematica PARALELA, que otorga rigidez y robustez al dispositivo, permitiendo ejercer fuerzas 30 5 10 suficientes para la realizaciOn de las tareas quirurgicas, a pesar del tamario reducido del mismo. Asinnismo, la presente invenciOn incorpora un intercambiador de herramientas automatic° que permite el aporte de material a la zona quirOrgica de forma automatica sin necesidad de la presencia de un cirujano en la sala y ahorrando una gran cantidad de tiempo sobre el actualmente utilizado cuando se quiere introducir un apOsito al interior de la cavidad abdominal. DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION La invencion BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraci6n paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva consiste preferentemente en tres 15 elementos, a saber, un mecanismo robotizado de configuraciOn cinernatica paralela y de pequerio tamario, constituido, a su vez, por tres actuadores lineales con vastago (1), (2) y (3) que conforman una plataforma de rotaci6n paralela; un brazo posicionador pasivo (36) que posee principalmente una configuraci6n serial en la que cada articulaciOn (37) es 20 pasiva y se encuentra sensorizada para conocer la posici6n final del elemento de soporte (21) del mecanismo anterior; y por ultimo un intercambiador de herramientas constituido principalmente, por una guia lineal motorizada (25) colocada en el extremo final del brazo posicionador (36) guardando un angulo preferentemente de 600 con el ultimo eslabon 25 del brazo (36), sobre la que desliza un carro que porta un motor portaherramientas (5) para el intercambio de herramientas. La base inferior (20) de esta plataforma es una articulacion esferica formada por tres elementos (21), (22) y (23) cuyo centro de rotaci6n (10) coincide con el orificio de entrada de la operaci6n quirurgica, aumentando 30 la seguridad de este tipo de operaciones. La base superior (24) de esta plataforma se encuentra sujeta a los tres actuadores lineales (1), (2) y (3) que desplazandose sobre sus vastagos (32), (33) y (34) produce la rotacion de esta plataforma superior. Las articulaciones del brazo serial pasivo permiten el bloqueo para que las articulaciones permanezcan fijas durante la operaci6n. Dicho brazo pasivo 5 se ancla en la camilla del quirOfano y permite posicionar su extremo final (21) sobre el paciente. El carro del intercambiador de herramientas se posiciona de manera exacta a lo largo de la gula lineal motorizada, permitiendo el alineamiento de los actuadores (4) y (5). Con la finalidad de controlar el carro, la guia 10 lineal se encuentra sensorizada con finales de carrera (11) y (12). Asimismo, la invenciOn cuenta con una interfaz electrOnica (28) ubicada en el extremo del propio eje de la herramienta quirOrgica que permite el conexionado electrOnico necesario para el control de los grados de libertad 15 necesarios en el extremo de la herramienta quirurgica (26). Para ilustrar esto Ultimo, la figura 8 muestra una herramienta quirOrgica tipo pinza cuyo grado de libertad es el movimiento de abrir/cerrar pinza. Este movimiento se controla mediante los alambres y muelles de nitinol (27) ubicados en el interior del propio eje de la herramienta y que se conectan electricamente 20 en la interfaz (28). En esta configuraci6n, la invencion permite utilizar varios brazos sin tener problemas de colisiones entre ellos, ya que la parte pasiva (el brazo posicionador pasivo) esta estatico, y el movimiento de la parte movil queda 25 restringido al espacio de trabajo necesario en las operaciones de cirugia minimamente invasiva (visualizado en la figura 5). El esquema de teleoperacion de este brazo (figura 9) permite su integraci6n en un sistema bilateral de teleoperacion, dado que la biteralidad es posible gracias a la capacidad de obtener el dato de fuerzas realizadas por el brazo rob6tico 30 sobre la herramienta quirOrgica gracias a la lectura directa de la intensidad de los actuadores (1), (2), (3) y (4). BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS Figura 1. Vista general del brazo telerrobOtico para aplicaciones de cirugla 5 minima invasiva. Figura 2. Vista alzado del brazo telerrobOtico. Figura 3. Vista general de un sistema formado por dos brazos tele rob6ticos Figura 4. Croquis en alzado del efector paralelo y el intercambiador de 10 herramienta. Figura 5. Croquis en alzado del espacio de trabajo del brazo teleoperador. Figura 6. Vista detalle de la rOtula esferica formada por tres piezas concentricas Figura 7. Vista isometrica y alzado del sistema intercambiador de 15 herramienta. Figura 8. Vista detalle de la interfaz electrOnica para el control del extremo de la herramienta quirurgica. Figura 9. Esquema de control para la tele operaciOn del brazo tele robOtico. 20 Leyenda de las figuras: (1) actuador lineal 1 de la estructura paralela (2) actuador lineal 2 de la estructura paralela (3) actuador lineal 3 de la estructura paralela (4) actuador lineal de la pata central para control de la herramienta 25 (5) actuador lineal para el intercambio de herramienta (6) actuador electric° para control del carro portaherramientas (10) punto de rotacion e inserci6n de la herramienta en el paciente (fulcrum) 30 (11) final de carrera del carro portaherramientas (12) final de carrera del carro portaherramientas (13) posician de la herramienta arriba (14) posicion de la herramienta abajo (15) posicion de intercambio de herramienta (16) posici6n extrema del espacio de trabajo de la herramienta (20) articulacion esferica 5 (21) pieza base de la articulacion esferica (22) pieza intermedia de la articulacian esferica (23) pieza superior de la articulacion esferica (24) base superior plataforma paralela (25) guia lineal portaherramientas 10 (26) extremo final de una pinza quirOrgica (27) muelle de compresion. Actuador SMA de Nitinol (28) interfaz electronica par control del actuador SMA de Nitinol (32 a 34) vastagos de los motores (1),(2) y (3) (35) vastago portaherramientas 15 (36) brazo posicionador pasivo para soporte (37) articulaciones del brazo soporte pasivo EXPOSICION DETALLADA DE UN MODO DE REALIZACION DE LA INVENCION 20 Un modo de realizacion de la invenciOn BRAZO TELERROBOTICO DE CONFIGURACION PARALELA es aquel en el que el brazo posicionador pasivo esta formado preferentemente por 3 6 mas eslabones de aluminio extrusionado. Las articulaciones (37) se montan sobre articulaciones que 25 podrian ser del tipo cardan (hook) modificadas, de forma que se obtenga una gran amplitud de movimiento y la posibilidad de bloquear (frenar) dichas articulaciones pasivas. La gula lineal (25) se coloca en el alojamiento previsto para ello en una pieza (21), de forma que se consigue el angulo pretendido para la colocaciOn de la guia. La guia es 30 preferentemente una guia monocarril ligera de carrera Otil 150 mm., a la que se acopla un motor DC (6) para el control del carro lineal, este carro lineal se posiciona exactamente a lo largo de la gula lineal (25) y permite el alineamiento y acercamiento de los ejes de los actuadores (4) y (5). Sobre este carro se coloca un motor lineal (5). Para la inserci6n automatica de una nueva herramienta, el actuador (4) se encuentra sin ningun vastago en su interior, y por tanto no hay inicialmente herramienta en el mecanimo 5 paralelo. El dispositivo paralelo se desplaza hasta coloca'r su eje principal paralelo al eje de la gula lineal, posici6n (16). El carro de la guia se coloca en la posici6n adecuada para permitir que el movimiento del vastago (35) inserte este vastago en el actuador (4). Una vez el actuador (4) controla el vastago (35) y la herramienta quirOrgica, el actuador (5) deja de actuar, de 10 forma que cuando el carro de la guia lineal (25) se desplace hacia arriba, el vastago (35) sale del actuador (5) y queda controlado por el actuador (4). La base inferior del dispositivo paralelo se construye con tres piezas hechas preferiblemente en Nylon u otro tipo de plastico de baja fricciOn, 15 para conseguir una articulaciOn esferica. Las juntas cardan utilizadas son estandar, mientras que los actuadores (1), (2) y (3) son, preferiblemente motores lineales de 80mm de carrera util y con una capacidad minima de 2 Newtons. La base superior se construye preferiblemente en metracrilato, y ubica otro actuador (4) de caracteristicas similares a los actuadores (1), (2) 20 y (3). Los vastagos (32 a 35) son los vastagos de los actuadores LM 1247, y al vastago (35) se le afiade en un extremo la interfaz electronica y la herramienta quirCirgica para cirugia minima invasiva. Los mOsculos de alambre utilizados para actuar el extremo final de la herramienta quirOrgica son deseablemente alambres de aleaciones con 25 memoria de forma, estos alambres se colocan en el interior del tubo de la herramienta quirCirgica y funcionan con esquemas de musculos antagonistas para poder accionar el extremo de la herramienta. 30  PARALLEL CONFIGURATION TELERROBOTIC ARM FOR MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGERY APPLICATIONS The present invention consists of a telerobotic arm with at least 5 four degrees of freedom capable of performing the movements of surgical tools in a minimally invasive surgery operation. The robotic arm is preferably formed by five actuators, four of them to execute the 4 degrees of freedom and 1 additional to control the tool exchange. Each arm has a reduced size, together with a sufficient dynamic capacity for the accomplishment of the surgical tasks. TECHNICAL SECTOR TO WHICH THE INVENTION REFERS The present invention relates to the field of surgical systems with robotic assistance, surgical robots and automated systems for computer-assisted surgery. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 20 Minimally invasive surgery is characterized by the use of small incisions smaller than 10 mm so that the instruments penetrate the body through said incisions. At these entry points, the trocars are placed, which are elements that allow access to said instruments, restricting the operating kinematics to a spherical articulation plus a degree of freedom of translation along the axis of the surgical tool. Robotic devices are defined as intrinsically safe because their mechanical design is based on two requirements, avoiding collisions between their elements and avoiding singularities within the working space of the robot tool. The most common solution is the use of the "remote center of motion" (RCM), which places the center 5 of rotation of the robot's uterus in the trocar. In this way, no translation of said point occurs, preventing any failure in the control of the robot from causing any damage to the patient. On this idea, there are different robotic systems such as the so-called Bluedragon or the so-called WA-slave that place the intersection of the axes of the wrist on the trocar point. Currently, there are more bulky robotic devices, such as the one claimed with the patent US 5,855,583 known as "Method and apparatus form performing minimally" or the American patent US 5,337,732 with the title "Robotic Endoscopy" or even the American patent "Automated endoscope system for optimal poistioning ", however, these devices are cumbersome and large and therefore cause problems of ergonomics 15 in the operating room; especially during the change of tool, forcing to have very long preparation times for the robot and the patient before the operation and generating problems in the operating room economy. Also, small tachometer devices have been generated, such as the so-called MARS or the device from the University of Hawaii or the 20 called Light Endoscope-Holder Robot, however, these devices have a very small capacity to exert the necessary forces in some procedures current surgical procedures, therefore they are difficult to adapt to certain surgical realities. In view of this situation, the invention provides improvements or innovations on the existing devices. The present invention has a PARALLEL kinematic structure, which gives rigidity and robustness to the device, allowing to exert forces 30 5 10 sufficient for the performance of surgical tasks, despite the reduced size of the same. Asinnism, the present invention incorporates an automatic tool exchanger that allows the supply of material to the surgical area automatically without the need of a surgeon in the room and saving a large amount of time on the currently used when you want insert a dressing into the abdominal cavity. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention TELEROBOTIC ARM of parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications consists preferably of three elements, namely, a robotized mechanism of parallel cinernatica configuration and of small tamario, constituted, in turn, by three linear actuators with rod (1), (2) and (3) that form a parallel rotation platform; a passive positioning arm (36) having mainly a serial configuration in which each joint (37) is passive and is sensed to know the final position of the support element (21) of the previous mechanism; and finally a tool exchanger constituted mainly by a motorized linear guide (25) placed at the end end of the positioning arm (36) keeping an angle preferably 600 with the last link 25 of the arm (36), on which slides a car that carries a tool-holder motor (5) for the exchange of tools. The lower base (20) of this platform is a spherical joint formed by three elements (21), (22) and (23) whose center of rotation (10) coincides with the inlet of the surgical operation, increasing the safety of this type of operations. The upper base (24) of this platform is subject to the three linear actuators (1), (2) and (3)  that moving on its rods (32), (33) and (34) produces the rotation of this upper platform. The joints of the passive serial arm allow locking so that the joints remain fixed during the operation. Said passive arm 5 is anchored in the surgery table and allows to position its final end (21) on the patient. The tool exchanger carriage is positioned exactly along the motorized linear guide, allowing the alignment of the actuators (4) and (5). In order to control the carriage, the linear guide 10 is sensorized with limit switches (11) and (12). Also, the invention has an electronic interface (28) located at the end of the axis itself of the surgical tool that allows the necessary electronic connection for the control of the necessary degrees of freedom at the end of the surgical tool (26). To illustrate this last, figure 8 shows a clamp-type surgical tool whose degree of freedom is the open / close clamp movement. This movement is controlled by the wires and springs of nitinol (27) located inside the axis of the tool itself and which are electrically connected to the interface (28). In this configuration, the invention allows to use several arms without having collision problems between them, since the passive part (the passive positioning arm) is static, and the movement of the mobile part is restricted to the workspace necessary in the operations of minimally invasive surgery (visualized in figure 5). The teleoperation scheme of this arm (figure 9) allows its integration into a bilateral teleoperation system, since the biterality is possible thanks to the ability to obtain the data of forces performed by the robotic arm 30 on the surgical tool thanks to the direct reading of the intensity of the actuators (1), (2), (3) and (4).  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1. General view of the telerobotic arm for surgery applications 5 minimally invasive. Figure 2. Elevated view of the telerobotic arm. Figure 3. General view of a system formed by two robotic arms Figure 4. Sketch in elevation of the parallel effector and the tool exchanger. Figure 5. Sketch in elevation of the workspace of the teleoperator arm. Figure 6. Detail view of the spherical ring formed by three concentric parts. Figure 7. Isometric view and elevation of the tool exchanger system. Figure 8. Detail view of the electronic interface for the control of the end of the surgical tool. Figure 9. Control scheme for the teleoperation of the robotic tele arm. 20 Legend of the figures: (1) linear actuator 1 of the parallel structure (2) linear actuator 2 of the parallel structure (3) linear actuator 3 of the parallel structure (4) linear actuator of the central leg for tool control 25 (5) linear actuator for tool exchange (6) electric actuator for control of the tool carriage (10) rotation point and insertion of the tool in the patient (fulcrum) 30 (11) end of stroke of the tool carriage ( 12) end of stroke of the tool carrier carriage (13) position of the tool above  (14) tool position below (15) tool exchange position (16) end position of the working space of the tool (20) spherical joint 5 (21) base part of the spherical joint (22) middle part of the spherical articulation (23) upper part of the spherical joint (24) upper base parallel platform (25) linear guide tool holder 10 (26) end of a surgical clamp (27) compression spring. Nitinol SMA actuator (28) electronic interface for Nitinol SMA actuator control (32 to 34) motors (1), (2) and (3) (35) shank 15 (36) passive positioner arm for support (37) Joints of the passive support arm DETAILED EXHIBITION OF A MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 20 An embodiment of the invention TELERROBOTIC PARALLEL CONFIGURATION ARM is one in which the passive positioning arm is preferably formed by 3 6 more aluminum links extruded The joints (37) are mounted on articulations that could be of the modified cardan (hook) type, so that a great amplitude of movement is obtained and the possibility of blocking (braking) said passive articulations. The linear guide (25) is placed in the housing provided for it in one piece (21), so that the desired angle for the placement of the guide is achieved. The guide is preferably a lightweight monorail guide 150 milliliter, which is coupled to a DC motor (6) for the control of the linear carriage, this linear carriage is positioned exactly along the linear guide (25) and allows the  alignment and approach of the axes of the actuators (4) and (5). A linear motor (5) is placed on this car. For the automatic insertion of a new tool, the actuator (4) is without any rod in its interior, and therefore there is initially no tool in the parallel mechanism. The parallel device moves until its main axis is parallel to the axis of the linear guide, position (16). The carriage of the guide is placed in the proper position to allow the movement of the rod (35) to insert this rod into the actuator (4). Once the actuator (4) controls the rod (35) and the surgical tool, the actuator (5) stops acting, so that when the carriage of the linear guide (25) moves upwards, the rod (35) ) exits the actuator (5) and is controlled by the actuator (4). The lower base of the parallel device is constructed with three pieces preferably made of Nylon or another type of low friction plastic, 15 to achieve a spherical articulation. The cardan joints used are standard, while the actuators (1), (2) and (3) are, preferably linear motors of 80mm of useful stroke and with a minimum capacity of 2 Newtons. The upper base is preferably constructed in methacrylate, and locates another actuator (4) with characteristics similar to the actuators (1), (2) 20 and (3). The rods (32 to 35) are the rods of the LM 1247 actuators, and to the rod (35) the electronic interface and the surgical tool for minimally invasive surgery are added at one end. The wire muscles used to act the final end of the surgical tool are desirably shape-memory alloy wires, these wires are placed inside the surgical tool tube and work with antagonistic muscle patterns to be able to operate the end of the tool. 30

Claims (7)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraci6n paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva caracterizado por disponer 5 de, al menos, cuatro grados de libertad, de los cuales, al menos, tres son movimientos de orientaciOn y uno es el movimiento de traslaciOn a lo largo del eje de una herramienta quirCirgica, asi coma de una interfaz mecanica quo permite el intercambio de estas herramientas de forma automatica. 10 1. TELEROBOTIC ARM with parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications characterized by having 5 at least four degrees of freedom, of which at least three are orientation movements and one is translational movement along the length of the arm. axis of a surgical tool, as well as a mechanical interface that allows the exchange of these tools automatically. 10 2. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraciOn paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva segOn reivindicaciOn 1 caracterizado por disponer de un intercambiador de herramientas basado en una guia lineal motorizada, ubicada a 300 de la vertical de la plataforma paralela y basado en el uso de dos motores ((4) y 15 (5)), uno de los cuales se sitCia en un carro motorizado instalado sobre una guia lineal, y permite el intercambio de herramientas quirOrgicas con conectandolas mediante la interfaz (28). El otro motor (5) controla la traslaciOn de la herramienta quirorgica durante la operaciOn. 20 2. TELEROBOTIC ARM with parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications according to claim 1 characterized by having a tool exchanger based on a motorized linear guide, located 300 from the vertical of the parallel platform and based on the use of two motors ( (4) and 15 (5)), one of which is located on a motorized trolley installed on a linear guide, and allows the exchange of surgical tools with connecting them through the interface (28). The other motor (5) controls the translation of the surgical tool during operation. twenty 3. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraci6n paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva, segun las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizado por disponer de un centro de rotaci6n impuesto por una restricciOn fisica real quo hace quo el punto de rotaci6n de la herramienta quiriggica coincida on todo momento con el orificio 25 de entrada al paciente. 3. TELEROBOTIC ARM with parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by having a center of rotation imposed by a real physical restriction that makes the point of rotation of the surgical tool coincide at all times with the patient inlet port 25. 4. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraciOn paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva, segun las reivindicaciones 1, 2 y 3 caracterizado por disponer de una interfaz electronica basada en escobillas que conecta el extremo de la herramienta 30 quirOrgica motorizada con la alimentaciOn requerida. 4. TELEROBOTIC ARM of parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications, according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized by having an electronic interface based on brushes that connects the end of the motorized surgical tool 30 with the required power. 5. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraciOn paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva, segun las reivindicaciones 1, 2, 3 y 4, caracterizado por disponer de una articulaciOn esferica formada por tres piezas concentricas cuyo centro de rotaciOn 5 coincide con el orificio de entrada en una operaci6n de cirugia minima invasiva. 5. TELEROBOTIC ARM with parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications, according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized by having a spherical joint formed by three concentric pieces whose center of rotation 5 coincides with the entrance hole in a minimally invasive surgery. 6. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuraciOn paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva segOn las reivindicaciones 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5, caracterizado par disponer de un sistema de control 10 basado en motores DC de cuya lectura directa de la intensidad consumida se infiere una estimaci6n de la fuerza realizada par la herramienta quirurgica. 6. TELEROBOTIC ARM with parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized by having a control system 10 based on DC motors from whose direct reading of the consumed intensity a estimation of the force made by the surgical tool. 7. BRAZO TELEROBOTICO de configuracion paralela para aplicaciones de cirugia minima invasiva, segt.ln las reivindicaciones 15 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 caracterizado por conformar un sistema robotico constituido por DOS o MAS unidades robOticas que trabajan de forma cooperativa para la realizacion de una tarea quirUrgica, siendo que la correcta ubicaci6n de las unidades sabre el paciente, unido a su reducido tamario permite la ausencia de colisiones entre dos o 20 mas unidades. 7. TELEROBOTIC ARM with parallel configuration for minimally invasive surgery applications, according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 characterized by conforming a robotic system made up of TWO or MORE robotic units that work cooperatively to The performance of a surgical task, being that the correct location of the units on the patient, together with their small size, allows the absence of collisions between two or 20 more units.
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