ES2371955B1 - MAXILAR AND MANDIBULAR BONE EXPANSION SYSTEM, AND OF MILK PREPARATION FOR THE PLACEMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

A system is described comprising an expanding element provided by two or more leaflets by way of half-round portions, mutually coupled to each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, and internally orificed to provide a common hole along its full length. . For the activation of the system, a cylindrical punch or with other configurations is used, which can move along the inner hole formed by the leaflets, and cause the radial separation of the same with the consequent increase in its diameter and the maxillary expansion of atrophic ridges for the preparation of an implant bed by compaction of the bone, without the use of surgical drills, without heat production and without bone loss.

Description

due to the affectation caused by blows in the ear

Maxillary and mandibular bone expansion system, and bed preparation for the placement of dental implants. Object of the invention

The present invention refers to a system of maxillary and mandibular bone expansion, and of preparing the bed for the placement of dental implants, which provides essential novelty characteristics and notable advantages over the known and used means for the same purposes in the Current state of the art.

More particularly, the invention proposes the development of a system of bone expansion of the atrophic jaws with the purpose of increasing its width and being able to place implants, as well as to prepare the bed in which the implant placement is subsequently to be performed with the help of other conventional techniques. The system includes an expansion device intended to be applied to the bed left by a first milling operation carried out with the aid of a pilot drill of pre-established diameter, whose expanding means allows to perform a widening operation of said first implant bed with a view to provide it with the necessary dimensions for the implant, said expansion means being made up of two or more longitudinal portions that are complementary to each other along their longitudinal axis to together constitute an elongated body, of general cylindrical configuration or similar, these longitudinal portions being susceptible of lateral or radial lateral separation by the forced introduction between them of a movable punch than by manual or other action in the longitudinal direction. The system includes expanders of different sizes, which allows to guarantee the formation of an implant bed with dimensions according to the needs of each particular case.

The field of application of the invention is within the industrial sector dedicated to the manufacture of medical devices, in particular devices for performing dental implants. Background and Summary of the Invention

Those skilled in the art are aware of the various inconveniences that frequently arise when it comes to performing a dental implant, especially when it comes to atrophic jaws, whose width of the maxillary flange has been reduced as a result of a progressive loss of its mass bone motivated by the previous loss of dental pieces, or for any other cause.

Therefore, the realization of an implant requires the prior conditioning of the implant area, by means of a maxillary and mandibular bone expansion that allows an appropriate widening of the atrophic flange prior to implant placement, and by the convenient preparation of the bed intended for receive said implant.

According to conventional techniques, a first method of bone expansion uses a system based on cone-shaped chisels, pointer type, activated by hammer. This system of bone expansion is complicated and slow, as well as traumatic for the patient, given that the blows he receives and that are transternal.

A second system, used more recently, uses conical screws to perform bone expansion. Thanks to the progressive increase in screw diameter, as it is being introduced, it causes the expansion of bone tissue, separating the external cortex from the internal one. The screw is actuated by turning with ratchet, which requires a considerable investment of time and also produces an excessive release of heat from friction.

On the other hand, when it comes to the preparation of the implant bed, current systems normally use surgical burrs for bone, with the disadvantage that these burrs, when penetrating the bone tissue, cut it and take it out, which loses all the bone volume that the strawberry occupies. In addition, as a consequence of the rotation of the mill, a certain amount of heat is generated that must be eliminated by adequate cooling to avoid burns on the surface, and the subsequent formation of fibrous tissue with the loss of the implant.

Taking into account the drawbacks associated with currently existing systems for maxillary and mandibular bone expansion, and for the preparation of the bed to be conditioned to receive an implant, the present invention has as a main objective the development of a novel system whereby such inconveniences can be advantageously eliminated. This objective has been fully achieved by means of the system that will be described in the following, whose main characteristics are included in the characterizing portion of the attached claim 1.

The system proposed by the invention has important advantages over the known systems briefly discussed above, since being free from friction, it does not need irrigation and also does not entail bone loss because the tissue compacts on itself.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system includes an expansion device that is constituted by a generally elongated body, by way of a cylinder or with any section other than the circular, formed by two halves by way of half rods or leaflets, mutually coupled to each other, and with the possibility of controlled separation in width, for which purpose, both half rods together constitute a central axial longitudinal hole along which a punch or cylinder can be displaced, which will cause a separation of both halves of a magnitude corresponding to the diameter of the punch. That is, by properly choosing the diameter of the punch, a variable relative separation of both halves can be obtained. Thus, when the expansion device has been introduced into a hole previously made in the bone tissue, the separation of both halves causes the hole to widen, compacting the bone and increasing the original diameter.

Although the operation of the cylindrical punch is preferred to be manual, it will be understood that it can be performed with the help of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic means, or a combination thereof.

In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the leaflets are part of an expansion device that includes manual actuation means consisting of two articulated arms or handles, which can be grasped with the hand of a user, each of these handles being articulated with a respective connecting rod element, and both connecting rod elements being articulated with each other by their internal ends and also with the proximal end of the cylindrical punch. Said cylindrical punch is guided in its displacement by means of a bushing, and has its pointed distal end housed in an initial portion of greater diameter of the hole that extends centrally to the entire length of said leaflets. The latter are held together by means of an elastic washer capable of yielding when both leaflets are mutually separated from each other by displacement of the punch along said central hole.

With an expansion device made in the manner set forth above, the operation and use procedure follows the functional sequence set forth below: first, a bone hole is made, of the desired length and with precise angulation, with the help of the pilot drill. This hole is usually a diameter of about two mm. Once the hole has been made, the leaflets are then introduced inside, so that by manually pressing on the said arms or handles, the displacement of the cylindrical punch occurs causing the mutual separation of both valves, and with it the increase in diameter of the original hole, up to a diameter of, for example, about 2.85 mm in a specific embodiment. If it is desired to continue increasing the diameter of the hole, it will be enough to replace the used leaflets with others with a larger diameter (for example, 3.30 mm), and press again on the arms or handles. Repeating the process several times, a hole with dimensions suitable for the placement of each particular implant is finally achieved.

As has been said, the foregoing summary exposure of the preferred embodiment of the system of the invention has provided for the use of two longitudinally coupled leaflets to provide a body that is responsible for the expansion operation of the previously perforated hole with The help of a pilot drill. However, this arrangement of two leaflets should not be understood as limiting, since the number of leaflets can vary and be greater than two, con fi gured in any case so that all of them are mutually coupled to each other to constitute a single expanding body in that the leaflets can be displaced radially by means of the punch located in the central hole con fi gured by all of them.

On the other hand, it should also be understood that the thrust made by the handles on the proximal end of the punch to move it in the direction of the radial end, should also be understood as illustrative of an embodiment, since the action on the punch could be reversed. so that a traction action is applied instead of a pushing action, performed indistinctly on the distal or proximal end, in order to cause the punch to move towards the proximal position, and so that a truncated conical head or with another appropriate configuration, housed in a corresponding widening of the central hole, be responsible for causing the transverse or radial separation of the leaflets.

Alternatively, according to other preferred embodiments of the system of the invention, the thrust cylinder constituting the said punch separator of the leaflets can be replaced by an element having a multiplicity of portions of a frustoconical shape successively along its length , housed in accommodation con fi gured in a complementary manner, in such a way that when the displacement of this element occurs in the direction favorable to the conicity of these frustoconical portions, the transverse or radial expansion of the leaflets is caused with the advantage that in this In case the expansion thrust is applied to the leaflets at multiple points of its length, resulting in a more homogeneous expansion than when the expansion thrust is applied at a single point.

The same previous effect can be obtained when the expansion punch the expander element has successive portions along its length con fi gured as spheres, housed in housings of the central hole con fi gured in a complementary manner, with the particularity that, in such case, The radial or transverse expansion of the leaflets can be carried out with the longitudinal displacement of said element both in the proximal direction and in the distal direction. Brief description of the drawings

These and other features and advantages of the invention will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. , in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the expansion device of the system of the invention represented in the resting condition (not operated);

Figure 2 illustrates a schematic representation of the same expander device of Figure 1, in the driving condition;

Figure 3 represents a schematic detail of an expansion punch designed to be displaced in the proximal direction;

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention in which the expansion punch has been provided with multiple frustoconical portions, and

Figure 5 is a schematic representation similar to the previous one, in which the punch has multiple portions shaped as spheres. Description of a preferred embodiment

As mentioned above, the detailed description of the system of the invention will be carried out with the help of the attached drawings, through which the same numerical references are used to designate equal parts or similar. Thus, according to the representation of Figure 1, the schematic representation of an expander tool used in the system of the invention, of the type of manual mechanical actuation, constituted by a stiffened structure obtained from an internally hollow housing 1, generally cylindrical or prismatic, which provides a space to contain a piece 2 of an advantageously elastic material, intended to serve as a means of retention for two or more separate, independent leaflets 11, capable of being spaced apart each of the other (s) in transverse or radial direction, preferably formed as portions in half rods that after passing said elastic element 2 extend on both sides of the housing 1 orthogonally to each of the respective bases of the latter, adopting each mentioned leaflet preferably (although not necessarily) semi-circular form In case they are two, or of an elongated cylindrical portion in case the number is greater than two, of predetermined length, these are mutually coupled to each other, and following the direction of the longitudinal axis of the device. Internally, the leaflets 11 are perforated, so that together they form a hole 12, extended to the total length thereof, and with a longitudinal portion of greater diameter in a position coincident with the proximal end of the hole 12. Each of the The bases of said housing 1 includes a wide opening in front of the opposite base. From a base of said housing 1 a pair of stems 3 extend, contained in a normal plane to the base from which they emerge, slightly divergent when moving away from the base, and joined together in the vicinity of their free ends by means of a transverse bracing band 4 which includes, in an intermediate position, a cylindrical bushing 5. At the free ends of both rods 3, a pair of handles 6 have been articulated, with the possibility of pivoting with respect to the points 7 of connection between each rod 3 with each respective lever 6, further extending from each of these handles an element 8 of articulated connecting rod at a respective point 9, the inner ends of both connecting rod elements 8 being articulated jointly with each other and with the proximal end of a cylindrical punch element 10 extending along the longitudinal axis of the tool at a point 13 of common joint, said punch 10 passing through said bush 5, and being provided with a pointed front end portion constituting the thrust portion of the punch for easier displacement of the latter during the action of transverse or radial separation of the leaflets 11. This pointed end portion of the punch 10 is received, in the resting condition of the device, in the section initial of larger diameter of the longitudinal hole 12 formed by said leaflets 11.

On the other hand, as shown in the representation of Figure 1, the connecting rod elements 8 extend towards the point 13 of encounter and articulation with the proximal end of the punch 13 keeping a certain inclination with respect to the longitudinal axis, in such a way that if a user exerts a manual pressure on both handles 6 in the direction of mutual approach indicated by the arrows F1, the force exerted inwardly provides a component F2 in the direction of the longitudinal axis that causes the punch 10 to move inwards of the leaflets 11, so that because the diameter of the punch 10 is larger than the diameter of the hole 12, the leaflets are forced to separate radially, thereby exerting the desired expanding thrust on the hole previously made in the maxillary bone , and with it the widening of said hole.

This situation is the one represented in Figure 2, in which the punch 10 is completely inserted in the hole 12, and the leaflets 11 mutually separated from each other. Of course, it will be enough to manually move the handles 6 in the opposite direction indicated by the arrows F1 ’to return the assembly to the rest position represented in Figure 1.

On the other hand, as has been said, the degree of widening of the orifice of the maxillary bone in which the terminal portion of the leaflets 11 is inserted may vary depending on the diametral dimension of the leaflets 11 used, said leaflets being interchangeable. for the aforementioned effects.

The description made with respect to Figures 1 and 2 corresponds, as has been said, with a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention, which should only be understood by way of illustration. It is provided that the displacement of the punch 10 is carried out in accordance with the direction indicated by the arrow F2 when the handles 6 are mutually approximate to each other, as indicated by the arrows F1. However, the process could be reversed, so that the radial separation of the leaflets is carried out with the displacement of a separating element in the opposite direction to that indicated by F2 by virtue of a contrary action on the handles 6. That is, the position at rest it can be one similar to that shown in Figure 2, and that the expanding action is obtained when both handles are mutually far apart from each other, contrary to what is indicated by the arrows F1. This alternative embodiment of the system of the invention can be achieved by providing a separator element as shown in Figure 3 (a) of the drawings, in which a respective punch 10 'will be displaced by traction in the direction towards the proximal end. The expander punch 10 'is also housed in the hole formed between the leaflets 11', and has been shaped so that it has a widening 10a at its distal end, generally truncated conical or with a similar widened configuration, so that this portion 10a widened punch 10 'is received in an initial section in a complementary manner provided in the central hole 12' formed by the leaflets 11 '. Thus, when the punch 10 'is pulled in the direction of the arrow F2', that is, in the proximal direction, for example by separating the handles 6 (Figure 1), the displacement of the punch 10 'inwards causes radial separation of the leaflets 11 'as shown in Figure 3 (b). This achieves the same effect of bone expansion of the atrophic jaws necessary for implant placement.

But the system can include other alternative embodiments by means of which an improved expansion effect is achieved because the radial thrust on the leaflets is carried out in a more homogeneous way when applied along a succession of longitudinal positions of said leaflets. . This is the case of Figures 4 and 5, illustrative of alternative embodiments. In the embodiment of Figure 4, leaflets 14 are shown that enclose in the central hole 16 an expanding element consisting of a body consisting of a multiplicity of successive portions 15 'generally conical in shape, said hole 16 being con fi gured in a complementary manner. with the general form adopted by said expansion element 15. This embodiment can be seen in the representation of Figure 4 (a).

As can be seen from said representation, the steps provided by the major bases of the successive portions 15 'allow only that the expanding element 15 can be displaced in the direction of the arrow F3. When this occurs, the progressive increase in the diameter of the portions 15 ’pushes the leaflets 14 which causes their separation, as shown in Figure 4 (b). When the thrust on the expanding element 15 ceases and it can be brought back to the original position, the leaflets return to their resting position (Figure 4 (a)) thanks to the elastic recovery action of the piece 2 pierced by them.

An effect similar to that described in relation to Figure 4 can be observed in the case of Figure 5, in which an expanding element 17, housed in the hole 18 formed between the leaflets 19, has multiple successive formations along its length, these formations being made approximately as spheres 17 ', and housed in housings of complementary shapes made in the internal surfaces of said leaflets 19. This embodiment, unlike the one previously mentioned with respect to Figure 4, presents the particularity of that the expanding element 17 can be displaced longitudinally through the interior of the hole 18 in both directions, as expressed graphically with the arrow F4 since the spherical conformations 17 'allow it. In the position of Figure 5 (a), the assembly is at rest, and the leaflets 19 occupy intimate engagement positions with said expander element 17. However, when the expanding element 17 moves in any direction, as has been said, its spherical formations cause the mutual radial separation of the leaflets 19, as shown in Figure 5 (b), thereby achieving the widening effect of the hole for the implant. Also in this case, as in the embodiment of Figure 4, the expansion thrust is more homogeneous when applied over a multiplicity of positions along the different leaflets 19.

It is not considered necessary to make the content of the present description more extensive so that a person skilled in the art can understand its scope and the advantages derived therefrom, as well as carry out the practical realization of its object.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, and since the description made corresponds only to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that within its essentiality they may introduce multiple modifications and variations of detail, also included within the scope of the invention, and that in particular they may affect features such as shape, size or manufacturing materials, or any others that do not alter the invention as described and as defined in the following claims.

Claims (8)

one.

Maxillary and mandibular bone expansion system, and bed preparation for the placement of dental implants, intended to perform an adequate conditioning of the hole made in the bone tissue for the reception of the implant without heat generation or bone loss, characterized in that it includes a expander device implemented from a stiffened housing (1), generally cylindrical or prismatic, with wide openings facing each other in relation to each of the internally hollow bases, in which an element (2) of elastic material is housed that it supports a set of two or more leaflets (11) constituted by separate, independent respective elements, constructed as half-round portions, mutually coupled to each other in coincidence with the longitudinal axis of the expander, which are projected on both sides of the housing (1) orthogonally to the respective bases of the latter, suscep tible of transverse and radial separation, and internally orifices to form between said leaflets a longitudinal hole (12) that extends to the total length thereof, also counting said housing with two stems (3) integral therewith, projected by the side of the carcass (1) opposite the one of greater extension of the mentioned leaflets (11), both rods contained in a same normal plane to the corresponding base of said carcass (1), and linked to each other by means of a band ( 4) of transverse bracing that supports a cylindrical bushing (5) in intermediate position.

2.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that said expansion device further includes manual actuating means constituted from two handles (6) pivotally articulated with said stems (3) in respective extreme positions (7), while from each position ( 9) predetermined interior of each of said handles (6) a respective connecting rod element (8) is articulated inwardly so that the inner ends meet at a point (13) of mutual articulation with each other and with the proximal end of a cylindrical punch (10) constituting a thrust element, capable of longitudinal displacement coinciding with the axis of the device, which passes through the inside of the bush (5) for a guided movement thereof,

and which is provided with a pointed portion at its distal end that is housed in an initial portion of greater diameter of the hole (12) formed between both leaflets (11), such that with the longitudinal displacement of said punch in the direction of the distal end , the insertion thereof is caused along said hole (12), with the consequent effect of a radial separation between leaflets.

3.

System according to claim 2, characterized in that in an alternative version, the effect of radial separation of the leaflets for a corresponding increase in the size of the implant hole by compaction of the bone tissue, is carried out by displacement of the expanding element in the proximal direction, at which In effect, said expansion element consists of an element (10 ') which has at its distal end a widened portion (10a), for example of a truncated cone shape, housed in a distal section of the larger hole (12') formed between the leaflets (11 ') and con fi gured in addition to said distal portion (10a) of the expanding element (10').

Four.

System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the expanding means consists of an element (15) housed between leaflets (14) and shaped so as to have a multiplicity of portions (15 ') of generally frustoconical shape, formed successively along of the entire length of said expansion element (15), and capable of being housed in housings complementary to the internal surfaces of said leaflets (14) that delimit the longitudinal displacement hole (16) of the expansion element.

5.

System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the expander element consists of a body (17) that has multiple formations (17 ') of generally approximately spherical shape, successively shaped along the length of said element, and housed in housings conformed in addition to the inner surfaces of the leaflets (19) that delimit the hole

(18) of longitudinal displacement of said expander element (17). 6. System according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said leaflets (11, 11 ’, 14, 19) are interchangeable with others with different diameters depending on the different needs. SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 200901219 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 14.05.2009 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: A61C8 / 00 (2006.01) A61B17 / 02 (2006.01) RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

Documents cited Claims Affected

To

ES 2169246 T3 (BAUER et al.) 01.07.2002, figure 9. SU 1101226 A1 (MIKINA et al.) 07.07.1984, figure 1 and summary of WPI database, recovered from EPOQUE. Access number: 1985-042920 [07]. 1-6 1-6

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 16.12.2011

Examiner J. López Nieto Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 200901219 Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols) A61C, A61B Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENES, EPODOC, WPI State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 200901219 Date of Written Opinion: 16.12.2011 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-6 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-6 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 200901219 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

ES 2169246 T3 (BAUER et al.) 01.07.2002

D02

SU 1101226 A1 (MIKINA et al.) 07.07.1984

2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement Documents D01 and D02 are considered the state of the art documents closest to the object of the invention claimed in claims 1-6. Document D01 discloses a set for a maxillary implant whose lower insertion part includes an expansion device composed of two or more leaflets (8) constituted by separate respective elements (fig. 9), constructed as half-round portions, mutually coupled to each other in coincidence with the longitudinal axis of the expansion device, which appear projected on both sides of the housing (5) orthogonally to the respective bases of the latter, capable of transverse and radial separation; and internally hollow to form between said leaflets a longitudinal orifice that extends in the total length thereof. Document D02 contains a rigid housing (4) of a generally cylindrical or prismatic shape with wide facing holes (fig. 1) in relation to each of the internally hollow bases, in which an elastic element (8) is housed. housing has two rods projected on the side of the housing opposite to the one with the greatest extension of the leaflets. Both rods are contained in the same plane normal to the corresponding base of the housing and linked to each other by means of a transverse bracing band (2) Document D01 differs from claim 1 in that it does not contain a housing that houses an elastic material , nor stems in solidarity with it. Document D02 differs from claim 1 in that it does not contain leaflets constituted by elements coupled to each other in coincidence with the longitudinal axis of the expansion device. Nor does it contain a cylindrical bushing in the intermediate position of the transverse bracing, nor are the stems integral with the housing. None of the documents cited, taken alone or in combination, reveal the invention defined in claims 1 6. In addition, there are no suggestions in the cited documents that direct the person skilled in the art towards the invention object of application. Therefore, the invention contained in claims 1-6 meets the requirements of novelty and inventive activity of in accordance with Articles 6.1 and 8.1 of the Patent Law 11/86. State of the Art Report Page 4/4