ES2361433B1 - REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE. - Google Patents

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2361433B1
ES2361433B1 ES200902152A ES200902152A ES2361433B1 ES 2361433 B1 ES2361433 B1 ES 2361433B1 ES 200902152 A ES200902152 A ES 200902152A ES 200902152 A ES200902152 A ES 200902152A ES 2361433 B1 ES2361433 B1 ES 2361433B1
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fibers
concrete
aramid
carbon fibers
concrete structure
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ES2361433A1 (en
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Lisardo Gonz�?Lez Abelleira
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
    • C04B16/0616—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B16/065—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
    • C04B16/0675—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B16/0691—Polyamides; Polyaramides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

Estructura que comprende una masa fraguada de cemento, áridos, agua y unos materiales de refuerzo, los cuales comprenden unas fibras, tejidos y/o cordones constituidos por al menos uno de los siguientes tipos de fibras: fibras de carbono, fibras de aramida, y fibras poliacrílicas. Un material de refuerzo está constituido por fibras de aramida y fibras poliacrílicas, cortadas en fragmentos (1) y mezcladas con el hormigón (H). Otro material de refuerzo está constituido por un tejido abierto (2) de fibras de carbono, empotrado en la capa superficial de la estructura de hormigón (H). Un material de refuerzo comprende una o varias capas de tejido de alta densidad (3) de fibras de carbono, alternadas con capas de resina de epoxi (4), y dispuestas sobre la superficie exterior del hormigón (H). Un material de refuerzo comprende unos cables trenzados de fibras de aramida (5) formando elementos resistentes interiores.Structure comprising a set mass of cement, aggregates, water and reinforcement materials, which comprise fibers, fabrics and / or cords consisting of at least one of the following types of fibers: carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and polyacrylic fibers. A reinforcement material consists of aramid fibers and polyacrylic fibers, cut into fragments (1) and mixed with concrete (H). Another reinforcement material is constituted by an open weave (2) of carbon fibers, embedded in the surface layer of the concrete structure (H). A reinforcing material comprises one or several layers of high density fabric (3) of carbon fibers, alternating with layers of epoxy resin (4), and arranged on the outer surface of the concrete (H). A reinforcement material comprises braided cables of aramid fibers (5) forming resistant inner elements.

Description

Estructura de hormigón reforzado. Reinforced concrete structure.

Objeto de la invención Object of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a una estructura de hormigón reforzado destinada a soportar grandes cargas y esfuerzos de cizalladura y tracción con un menor peso. The present invention relates to a reinforced concrete structure intended to withstand large loads and shear and tensile stresses with a lower weight.

Antecedentes de la invención. Background of the invention.

En la actualidad el hormigón es muy utilizado para la realización de construcciones de ingeniería civil y de arquitectura en general. At present, concrete is widely used for the construction of civil engineering and architectural constructions in general.

El hormigón está constituido principalmente con una mezcla de agua, cemento y áridos, que una vez fraguada conforma un elemento sólido que soporta muy bien esfuerzos de compresión, pero no de tracción y cizalladura. Para mejorar las condiciones del hormigón, se añaden elementos de armado, principalmente varillas y armaduras complejas de hierro, y que son pretensadas para que la pieza de hormigón realizada mejore sus propiedades mecánicas. The concrete consists mainly of a mixture of water, cement and aggregates, which once set forms a solid element that withstands compression stresses, but not tensile and shear. To improve the conditions of the concrete, reinforced elements are added, mainly rods and complex iron reinforcements, and which are prestressed so that the piece of concrete made improves its mechanical properties.

También es conocido el añadido al hormigón de otras sustancias de refuerzo, por ejemplo partículas de fibra de vidrio, que una vez ha fraguado el cemento permiten obtener una mejor microestructura del hormigón. It is also known the addition to concrete of other reinforcing substances, for example fiberglass particles, which once the cement has set allows for a better microstructure of the concrete.

Sin embargo la combinación de las técnicas anteriores no ofrece resultados duraderos, ya que las fibras de vidrio se pueden ver atacadas químicamente por los álcalis del hormigón y las varillas y armaduras de hierro se oxidan por efecto de la humedad y el agua. However, the combination of the prior art does not offer lasting results, since the glass fibers can be chemically attacked by the alkalis of the concrete and the rods and iron reinforcement are oxidized by the effect of moisture and water.

Descripción de la invención Description of the invention

La estructura de hormigón reforzado, objeto de esta invención, presenta unas particularidades técnicas destinadas a ofrecer una respuesta mecánica mejorada, sobre todo en esfuerzos a tracción y a cizalladura y una duración prolongada, principalmente mediante la utilización de materiales inertes a la agresión de la intemperie o de otros materiales del hormigón. Así esta estructura se puede realizar en la propia obra o constituir elementos prefabricados que se unen o incorporan en la construcción final. The reinforced concrete structure, object of this invention, has some technical peculiarities intended to offer an improved mechanical response, especially in tensile and shear stresses and a prolonged duration, mainly through the use of materials inert to weathering or of other concrete materials. Thus, this structure can be carried out in the work itself or constitute prefabricated elements that are joined or incorporated in the final construction.

La estructura de hormigón reforzado, comprenden una masa fraguada de cemento, áridos, agua, y uno o más materiales de refuerzo . The reinforced concrete structure comprises a set mass of cement, aggregates, water, and one or more reinforcement materials.

De acuerdo con la invención el material de refuerzo comprende unas fibras, tejidos y/o cordones constituidos por al menos uno de los siguientes tipos de fibras: fibras de carbono, fibras de aramida, y fibras poliacrílicas. According to the invention, the reinforcement material comprises fibers, fabrics and / or cords consisting of at least one of the following types of fibers: carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and polyacrylic fibers.

En una primera realización el material de refuerzo está constituido por fibras de aramida y fibras poliacrílicas, cortadas en fragmentos y mezcladas con el hormigón. Estas fibras cortadas en fragmentos mejoran la resistencia en las tres dimensiones de la estructura y evita la formación de microfisuras en el hormigón por esfuerzos de tracción y cizalladura principalmente. Las fibras cortadas en fragmentos proporcionan un aumento del módulo resistente del material. Estas fibras presentan una alta adherencia química y mecánica con la matriz cimentada. Una resistencia sin degradación, estabilidad a largo plazo y son resistentes a los agentes biológicos. Además las fibras presentan una elevada resistencia térmica y a la rotura, y aportan una reducción de ruido y tolerancia a dilataciones. In a first embodiment, the reinforcement material consists of aramid fibers and polyacrylic fibers, cut into fragments and mixed with the concrete. These fibers cut into fragments improve the resistance in the three dimensions of the structure and prevents the formation of microcracks in the concrete by tensile and shear stress mainly. The fibers cut into fragments provide an increase in the resistant modulus of the material. These fibers have a high chemical and mechanical adhesion with the cemented matrix. A resistance without degradation, long-term stability and are resistant to biological agents. In addition, the fibers have a high thermal and breakage resistance, and contribute to noise reduction and dilation tolerance.

Por ejemplo, las fibras de aramida y las fibras poliacrílicas presentan una finura de 2,5 dtex y una longitud de 8 a 36 milímetros. For example, aramid fibers and polyacrylic fibers have a fineness of 2.5 dtex and a length of 8 to 36 millimeters.

En una realización el material de refuerzo está constituido por un tejido abierto de fibras de carbono empotrado, al menos parcialmente, en la capa superficial de la estructura de hormigón. In one embodiment the reinforcement material is constituted by an open weave of carbon fibers embedded, at least partially, in the surface layer of the concrete structure.

Este tejido abierto es poroso, en forma de panal y presenta unos orificios o aberturas para el paso del hormigón, garantizando así una unión mecánica firme. Es un tejido con mucho volumen tridimensional para que el hormigón penetre en los orificios y después del fraguado presente suficiente adherencia. Además este tejido abierto es muy flexible y se adapta con facilidad a cualquier configuración exterior que tenga que presentar la estructura de hormigón armado facilitando su manipulación. This open weave is porous, honeycomb-shaped and has holes or openings for the passage of concrete, thus ensuring a firm mechanical bond. It is a fabric with a lot of three-dimensional volume so that the concrete penetrates the holes and after setting it has sufficient adhesion. In addition, this open fabric is very flexible and adapts easily to any exterior configuration that has to present the reinforced concrete structure facilitating its handling.

En una realización de la invención el material de refuerzo comprende una o varias capas de tejido de alta densidad de fibras de carbono, alternadas con capas de resina de epoxi, y dispuestas sobre la superficie exterior de la estructura de hormigón. In one embodiment of the invention the reinforcing material comprises one or more layers of high density carbon fiber fabric, alternating with layers of epoxy resin, and arranged on the outer surface of the concrete structure.

Estas capas exteriores presentan tramas en múltiples direcciones que permiten redistribuir los esfuerzos de estiramiento y cizalladura. These outer layers have frames in multiple directions that allow redistributing the stretching and shearing stresses.

Estas capas exteriores de fibras de carbono son útiles en la realización de vigas, ya sean de sección circular o rectangular, las cuales permiten reforzar otras estructuras de mayor envergadura, tal como elemento semi-prefabricados. Estas capas exteriores de fibras de carbono con epoxi mejoran el agarre de la viga dentro de estructuras de mayor envergadura. These outer layers of carbon fibers are useful in the realization of beams, whether of circular or rectangular section, which allow reinforcing other larger structures, such as semi-prefabricated elements. These outer layers of carbon fiber with epoxy improve the grip of the beam within larger structures.

En una realización de la invención, los materiales de refuerzo estan constituidos por unos cables trenzados de fibras de aramida formando elementos resistentes interiores. Estos cables trenzados de fibras de aramida están pretensados, permitiendo obtener un incremento de la resistencia a tracción y a la cizalladura considerable con una gran reducción del peso de la estructura. In one embodiment of the invention, the reinforcement materials are constituted by stranded wires of aramid fibers forming inner resistant elements. These stranded cables of aramid fibers are prestressed, allowing a considerable increase in tensile and shear strength with a large reduction in the weight of the structure.

Esta estructura permite obtener resultados satisfactorios en: placas con alta resistencia para suelos circulación maquinaria pesada, vigas que sufran fatigas de vibraciones o sísmicas, estructuras especiales que requieren alta resistencia, menor peso estructural y mayor resistencia, edificaciones antisísmicas, placas para edificaciones y placas para fachada entre otros. This structure allows to obtain satisfactory results in: plates with high resistance for floors heavy machinery circulation, beams that suffer fatigue or seismic fatigue, special structures that require high resistance, lower structural weight and greater resistance, earthquake buildings, building plates and plates for facade among others.

Descripción de las figuras. Description of the figures.

Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de facilitar la comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

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La figura 1 muestra una vista esquematizada de una porción de hormigón donde se observa la distribución tridimensional de las fibras cortadas en fragmentos en el seno del hormigón fraguado. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a concrete portion where the three-dimensional distribution of the fibers cut into fragments within the set concrete is observed.

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La figura 2 muestra un detalle seccionado del tejido abierto de fibras de carbono, empotrado superficialmente en el hormigón. Figure 2 shows a sectioned detail of the open weave of carbon fibers, embedded superficially in the concrete.

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La figura 3 muestra un detalle seccionado del tejido abierto de fibras de carbono empotrado en el seno del hormigón a mayor profundidad. Figure 3 shows a sectioned detail of the open weave of carbon fibers embedded in the concrete at greater depth.

--
La figura 4 muestra una sección esquematizada de una estructura en forma de viga, que presenta el material de refuerzo conformado por la capa de tejido abierto de fibras de carbono empotrado superficialmente y las capas de tejido de alta densidad de fibras de carbono y resina de epoxi alternadas exteriormente. Figure 4 shows a schematic section of a beam-shaped structure, which presents the reinforcement material formed by the surface layer of recessed carbon fiber open fabric and the layers of high density tissue of carbon fibers and epoxy resin alternated externally.

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La figura 5 muestra una sección esquematizada de una estructura en forma de viga de sección circular presenta una combinación de los materiales refuerzo constituidos por: fibras de aramida y poliacrílicas cortadas, tejido abierto de fibras de carbono empotrado superficialmente, tejido de alta densidad de fibras de carbono alternadas con capas de resina epoxi, y cables trenzados de fibras de aramida para su armado interior. Figure 5 shows a schematic section of a beam-shaped structure of circular section presenting a combination of reinforcement materials consisting of: cut aramid and polyacrylic fibers, open tissue of superficially embedded carbon fibers, high density fabric of fibers of carbon alternated with layers of epoxy resin, and stranded wires of aramid fibers for its interior reinforcement.
Realización preferente de la invención Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

Como se puede observar en las figuras referenciadas la estructura de hormigón reforzado comprende una masa fraguada de cemento, áridos, agua y unos materiales de refuerzo de dicho hormigón (H). Estos materiales de refuerzo comprenden fibras de aramida y fibras poliacrílicas, cortadas en fragmentos (1) y mezcladas con el hormigón (H), tal como se representa en la figura 1. As can be seen in the referenced figures, the reinforced concrete structure comprises a set mass of cement, aggregates, water and reinforcing materials of said concrete (H). These reinforcing materials comprise aramid fibers and polyacrylic fibers, cut into fragments (1) and mixed with concrete (H), as shown in Figure 1.

En una realización, el material de refuerzo está constituido por un tejido abierto (2) de fibras de carbono empotrado en la capa superficial de la estructura de hormigón (H), tal como se muestra en la figura 2, Este tejido abierto (2) de fibras de carbono presenta una configuración porosa con unos orificios o aberturas, y un volumen tridimensional considerable, habilitando el paso del hormigón (H) y la fijación mecánica firme después del fraguado. En la figura 2 se observa como dicho tejido abierto (2) se dispone superficialmente, en tanto que en la figura 3, el tejido abierto (2) está dispuesto en el interior del hormigón (H) In one embodiment, the reinforcing material is constituted by an open fabric (2) of carbon fibers embedded in the surface layer of the concrete structure (H), as shown in Figure 2, This open fabric (2) Carbon fiber has a porous configuration with holes or openings, and a considerable three-dimensional volume, enabling the passage of concrete (H) and firm mechanical fixation after setting. In Figure 2 it is observed how said open fabric (2) is arranged superficially, while in Figure 3, the open fabric (2) is arranged inside the concrete (H)

En la figura 4 se representa una estructura, más concretamente una viga de sección rectangular, la cual presenta añadidas en su exterior unas capas de tejido de alta densidad (3) de fibras de carbono, estando estas capas de tejido de alta densidad (3) de fibras de carbono alternadas con capas de resina de epoxi (4) que las fija al hormigón (H) y al tejido abierto (2), evitando deslizamientos por los esfuerzos de tracción y cizalladura. Figure 4 shows a structure, more specifically a beam of rectangular section, which has layers of high density fabric (3) of carbon fibers added to its exterior, these layers of high density fabric (3) being of carbon fibers alternated with layers of epoxy resin (4) that fixes them to the concrete (H) and to the open fabric (2), avoiding slippage due to tensile and shear stress.

En una realización, una viga tal como la viga anteriormente descrita, se refuerza mediante la colocación en su interior de unos cables trenzados de fibras de aramida, formando unos elementos resistentes interiores, distribuidos longitudinalmente, a modo de armaduras, que en este caso están pretensadas para aumentar las propiedades mecánicas respecto a resistencia a la tracción y a la cizalladura. In one embodiment, a beam, such as the previously described beam, is reinforced by placing braided cables of aramid fibers inside, forming internally resistant elements, distributed longitudinally, as reinforcements, which in this case are prestressed to increase the mechanical properties with respect to tensile and shear resistance.

Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como un ejemplo de realización preferente, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos descritos podrán ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración de las características esenciales de la invención que se reivindican a continuación. Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the described elements may be modified, provided that this does not imply an alteration. of the essential features of the invention that are claimed below.

Claims (4)

REIVINDICACIONES 1.-Estructura de hormigón reforzado, del tipo de las que comprenden una masa fraguada de cemento, áridos, agua y un material de refuerzo que comprende al menos uno de los siguientes tipos de fibras: fibras de carbono, fibras de aramida, y fibras poliacrílicas caracterizada porque el material de refuerzo comprende tejidos y/o cordones constituidos por al menos uno de los mencionados tipos de fibras de carbono, de aramida, y 1.-Reinforced concrete structure, of the type comprising a set mass of cement, aggregates, water and a reinforcement material comprising at least one of the following types of fibers: carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and fibers polyacrylics characterized in that the reinforcing material comprises fabrics and / or cords constituted by at least one of the aforementioned types of aramid, carbon fibers, and 5 poliacrílicas. 5 polyacrylics. 2-.-Estructura, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el material de refuerzo está constituido por un tejido abierto (2) de fibras de carbono, empotrado al menos parcialmente en la capa superficial de la estructura de hormigón (H). 2 .- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement material is constituted by an open fabric (2) of carbon fibers, embedded at least partially in the surface layer of the concrete structure (H). 3.-Estructura, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el material de refuerzo comprende una 3. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing material comprises a 10 o varias capas de tejido de alta densidad (3) de fibras de carbono, alternadas con capas de resina de epoxi (4), y dispuestas sobre la superficie exterior de la estructura de hormigón (H). 10 or several layers of high density fabric (3) of carbon fibers, alternated with layers of epoxy resin (4), and arranged on the outer surface of the concrete structure (H). 4.-Estructura, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque comprende unos cables trenzados de fibras de aramida (5) formando elementos resistentes interiores. 4. Structure, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises braided cables of aramid fibers (5) forming internal resistant elements. 5.-Estructura, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque los cables trenzados de fibras de 15 aramida (5) están pretensados. 5. Structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the stranded fiber cables of aramid (5) are prestressed.
ES200902152A 2009-11-12 2009-11-12 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE. Expired - Fee Related ES2361433B1 (en)

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6527849B2 (en) * 1990-06-19 2003-03-04 Carolyn M. Dry Self-repairing, reinforced matrix materials
FR2778654B1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-11-17 Bouygues Sa CONCRETE COMPRISING ORGANIC FIBERS DISPERSED IN A CEMENTITIOUS MATRIX, CONCRETE CEMENTITIOUS MATRIX AND PREMIXES
FR2813074A1 (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-22 Lafarge Sa CONCRETE BASED ON HYDRAULIC BINDER FOR PREFABRICATING TILES, PLATES AND SIMILAR
ITMI20010665A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2002-09-29 Ruredil Spa CEMENTITIOUS MORTAR STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF BUILDINGS
JP2009298636A (en) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-24 Teijin Techno Products Ltd Staple fiber for reinforcing cement

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