ES2360040B2 - INTELLIGENT OPTICAL TRANSCEIVER IN LASER NOT GUIDED IN FREE SPACE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Intelligent laser based optical transceiver not guided in free space, comprising:

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supervisor system (6) for communication bidirectional between slave microcontrollers and the Exterior;

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multiport switch and converter medium (7) for connecting multiple optical transceivers in a same node;

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micrometric guidance device motorized (8) for precise beam positioning To be;

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optical duplexer (9) for transmission and reception of laser beams by a single optical axis;

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laser transmitter (11) with a system of control that manages the transmitted power, the index of modulation and thermal state of a diode laser (183);

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receiver (12) with a control system which manages the sensitivity, gain and thermal state of a avalanche photodiode (268);

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two symmetric flow regulators (10, 10 ') to maintain a stable thermal state in the laser diode (183) and in the photodiode of avalanche (268).

Description

Intelligent laser based optical transceiver Not guided in free space.

Field of the Invention

The present invention is framed in the field of the electronics industry associated with communication networks digital adapting to the IEEE 802.3 standard, presenting itself as a solution for drawing permanent data networks and as an alternative to wired pair links, fiber optic or radiofrequency The nodes of this data network comply with intelligent laser-based optical transceivers such as presented in this invention.

Background of the invention

Communications using optical methods are They have been developing for years. Especially those made in free space or atmosphere allow effective establishment of links over distances of several kilometers if lasers are used medium power solid state collimates and photodiodes of avalanche. The present invention starts from the invention described in Patent ES2244311-B1 entitled "Procedure and point-to-point linkage device by laser beam in space free for Ethernet networks ", by the same authors, and proposes a new intelligent optical transceiver that solves the problems that arise in the previous solution proposed; specifically the remote monitoring of transceiver status allowing build smart nodes in the optical network, management distributed of the functions of the transceiver by a set of embedded and nested microcontrollers that perform automatic laser beam tracking, control Automatic transmitted laser power, the sensitivity of the receiver or thermal management of the system among other functions.

The structure of a basic optical link is constitutes by two transceivers located at a certain distance facing and aligned, (as shown in the figure one). If you consider a sufficiently large distance between the two transceivers, the temporary permanence of the link and its quality is seen conditioned by three fundamental factors:

a) The dispersion of the laser beam in space free (atmospheric influences).

b) The dynamic alteration of the support of lift.

c) The thermal stability of the state laser solid and avalanche photodiode.

Atmospheric alterations and their influence on laser dispersion has been characterized in numerous works being able to conclude that water vapor is the main element disperser The small droplets of a dense fog act like dispersant microlenses, more significant for lasers with short wavelengths (visible and near infrared) that stops those of long wavelength (far infrared). Lasers of type QCL (Quantum Cascade Laser), with wavelengths between 3 and 15 micrometers, are shown as the best candidates that minimize, and even eliminate, beam scattering versus steam of water.

On the other hand, the transceiver system is installed on the roofs of buildings of one or more floors subject to disturbing elements such as the movement of the subsoil and the thermal expansion There are two movements that affect the dynamics of a building: movement due to the forces that they act on the structure of pillars (periodicity movement quasi annual), and the movement of dilation-contraction due to thermal changes environmental between day and night daily. Is difficult to establish a model of dilation-contraction of a building constructed with various materials and expansion coefficients, but assuming a simple example of a 10 m high isotropic concrete building with a linear expansion coefficient of 1x10-5, a change thermal of 20ºC between day and night would lead to a change of 2mm length The anisotropy of construction structures makes the change happen in any direction of space thus generating on an arbitrary reference plane, a angular movement These angular movements are small (tenths of milliradián), but in long distance links they can alter the position of the laser beam in tens of centimeters causing problems in communication between transceivers.

Finally, the link quality can be seen altered by changes in the physical properties of the laser semiconductor and avalanche photodiode. The properties electrical components are strongly dependent on the temperature. The altered parameters are the power emitted by the laser, photodiode sensitivity and half-life of both.

The present invention addresses these problems and solves them in an effective way. It's not just about solving the problem of point-to-point communication of a laser beam high speed modulation using a certain standard, but solve a problem associated with the different control mechanisms necessary to keep system parameters at values optimal to allow stable and reliable communication. The present invention provides an optical transceiver that allows the development of an optical communication system that maintains active or "smart" way, its parameters in a value optimum.

In the optical communication system, formed by a network of interconnected optical transceivers, it Consider the possibility of remote monitoring and action on Each node of the network. The viability of a communications network formed by a set of complex nodes under control, requires the possibility of centralization of monitoring and in the performance with geographical independence. Communication network optics according to the present invention allows monitoring over the WAN network.

Today, embedded control systems or embedded are shown as valid solutions for work of control distributed among the different parts of a system. The division of tasks performed by small processors allows distribute the computational load and specialize to the different systems in concrete tasks. Robustness is increased since the failure of a local processor will only affect local variables that controls. Therefore, the present invention employs solutions of embedded control associating the variables to control with the different subsystems of which the optical communication system consists.

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to a optical transceiver that solves the problems listed previously.

In the transceiver, the control of the power of the transmitted laser as well as the sensitivity of the photodetector are Adjustable parameters depending on the degree of particles dispersants Thus, the transceiver has a measuring element of ambient humidity and a control system that changes the transmitted power and photodetector sensitivity of form automatic

In addition, in the optical communication system, Each transceiver has an adaptive mechanism that allows track the bidirectional beam (transceiver beam A with transceiver B, and make transceiver B with transceiver A). Once the two beams are aligned, the tracking control keeps aligned regardless of the movement of the bases of lift. A processor exclusively dedicated to the execution of a highly reliable tracking algorithm also presented in this invention.

On the other hand, the transceiver has a thermal control mechanism that allows to maintain the temperature of the solid state laser and avalanche photodiode within about margins and, depending on the ambient temperature, other mechanisms that maintain constant power and sensitivity and independent of the possible thermal changes that may happen. The goal is to maintain stable communication. maximizing the durability of the components.

Functionally the optical transceiver device It can be broken down into fourteen interrelated subsystems:

1. A wall anchor subsystem and a thick orientation mechanism. The transceiver allows to be solidly anchored to a rigid structure (brick or concrete), of a high part of a building oriented by means of a azimuth and lifting mechanism towards a transceiver counterpart located at a great distance.

2. A component support base mechanical, electronic, optical and air conditioning inside.

3. A cover with viewfinder, temperature sensor and anti-fog actuator. The mechanical, optical and Transceiver electronics are under an insulated cover thermally in which a viewfinder is lodged through which they enter and leave Modulated laser beams. Next to the viewfinder there is a sensor that measures its temperature and a thermal actuator that can heat the air surrounding in order to avoid the deposition of fog in it.

4. A multiple source that allows feeding the Various electronic transceiver devices. A source of power feeds devices such as peltier cells, drivers and tracking engines. Another symmetric source of lower power, regulated and low noise that feeds the sensitive circuits of the transmitter and receiver separating the feeding paths of pulse signals of the signal feed pathways analog

5. A supervisory electronic circuit based on microcontroller The optical transceiver has four microcontrollers forming a hierarchical structure master-slave under the I2C standard. The circuit supervisor performs bidirectional communication tasks between their slave and external microcontrollers adapting the format of data to the IEEE.802.3 standard. It has a web server that allows monitor transceiver status remotely independently geographical The supervisory circuit also executes the algorithms of control of the air temperature inside the transceiver and of anti-fog prediction

6. An electronic circuit breaker multiport media converter. The optical transceiver connects to the WAN network using the IEEE 802.3 TX twisted pair standard 100/1000 These signals are transformed by a switching circuit multiport allowing connection of multiple transceivers optics on the same node while converting them to the IEEE format 802.3 FX differential 100/1000, serial format that modulates a laser transmitter and a laser receiver based on photodiode avalanche.

7. A mechanical guidance system controlled by stepper motors that allow to direct the laser beam with precision from the microradián to a remote point in space. The apparatus of guided is formed by a mobile support that allows to accommodate a optical system that contains a catadioptric reflector that receives light in its focal plane and a collimator that concentrates a laser beam To be transmitted. The mechanical structure contains a arrangement of gears that allow micrometric movement with two degrees of freedom, one azimuthal and one of elevation of the support, which houses the optical system. The angular movement is Performs with precision microradián. Electronic structure It consists of two stepper motors that can rotate by jumps variables and whose axes move structure reduction gears mechanics. It also contains four electro-optical sensors that allow detecting career ends in azimuth movements and elevation. The structure and its dimensions allow to accommodate tubes optics up to 10 cm in diameter and withstand weights of up to 3 kg. The purpose of the guidance system is the precise addressing of laser beams collimated towards targets located between 100 m and 2000 m, at the time you receive another similar beam in the same plane of issue.

8. An optical duplexer system that allows Simultaneous transmission and reception of polarized laser beams under the same optical axis. The proposed current solutions make use of separate optical systems for the transmitter and receiver. The duplex system presented polarizes the laser beams to transmit so that a single optical system allows the bidirectional processing of transmitted and received beams managing to lower costs and facilitate alignment and subsequent follow-up The system consists of a reflector catadioptric that transmits and receives polarized laser beams that are directed, according to their sense and state of polarization, to outside (transmitted beam), or inside (received beam), by a polarizing cube beam splitter, mirrors and lenses. Laser beam transmitted, guided by a mirror, pretends to be a cube polarizing beam splitter that allows splitting the beam into two linearly polarized perpendicular beams. If the laser gets It is totally or partially polarized, it must be oriented in so that the cube reflects the maximum component S. The component reflected is adapted by a divergent lens to adapt the make the focal plane of the reflector so that it transmits all the energy with minimal losses. The energy distribution of the beam laser that minimizes transmitted energy must be characteristic cancel. The transmitted laser is linearly polarized in A well defined plane. The received laser beam comes from a duplexer counterpart that also sends a linearly polarized beam but in a plane perpendicular to the transmitted laser beam. This one crosses the same catadioptric reflector and adapts using the same lens divergent going through the same polarizing cube that identifies a refracted component P '. The refracted component (received) follows an optical path other than the reflected S (transmitted), passing by a guiding mirror and influencing the optical system of the receiver. The transmitted laser beam is generated by a laser solid state with thermally annular irradiance controlled and modulated by the electronic circuits of the transmitter. The laser is collimated by an aspherical lens before of being directed towards the polarizing cube. The received laser beam is processed by an optical system consisting of a converging lens that projects the beam on a hemispherical lens that is attached to a polymer optical fiber that conducts energy luminous towards an avalanche photodiode also, thermally controlled, and amplified with large electronic circuits sensitivity.

9. A thermoregulatory system that maintains "laser transmitter diode" and "avalanche diode devices receiver "thermally controlled in an optimal range that Maximizes the half-life of these components. The system presented thermoregulator generates a thermal flow gradient symmetrical that keeps devices free of stress internal mechanics thus increasing its durability. The thermoregulator It consists of a metallic conductor that conducts heat on its axis central to the cylindrical capsule of the electronic device a thermally control Said die is in a cavity adiabatic connected to four peltier cells on four sides. The thermal exchange of the die is done through the faces of the four peltier cells that absorb or give heat to the die. The another face of each of the peltier cells is connected to a heatsink that exchanges heat with the surrounding air forced by fans. The geometry that makes up the set allows to guarantee, as shown by thermal simulation, that the heat flux generated in the die has a radial shape and with axisymmetric symmetry around the axis that contains the capsule cylindrical electronic device.

10. An electronic circuit laser transmitter controlled by microcontroller that allows power management transmitted, modulation index and thermal state of a diode solid state laser. The microcontroller can manage the transmitted power based on dispersant characteristics of water vapor from the atmosphere by measuring the temperature and relative humidity outside. To maintain stability in the Modulated laser operation three control loops are designed: A thermal control loop that keeps the diode in a state stable thermal A light control loop that maintains its stable irradiance must be measured with an external photodiode to, Once the loop is closed, check the polarization current of the laser and, therefore, its transmitted power and a control loop of the modulation index At the controlled polarization current, the current of the modulating signal that makes excursion of the irradiance emitted in two defined levels. The modulation depth should also be found in a loop of control that optimizes the average power transmitted. Distance between the two levels of brightness it is controlled for a certain irradiance On the other hand, the feeding schemes electrical diode laser and the devices that make up the control and modulation units are also highly stable and of Very low noise Switching devices such as the microcontroller are powered by power supplies separate that prevent the transmission of impulses or spikes parasites

11. An electronic laser receiver circuit controlled by microcontroller that allows to manage the sensitivity, gain and thermal state of a photodiode of solid state avalanche. The microcontroller can manage the sensitivity depending on the dispersant characteristics of the atmosphere water vapor measuring temperature and humidity relative outside. The presented receiver apparatus performs three control loops: one thermal, another photodiode sensitivity and other gain RMS. The microcontroller reads the thermal state of the avalanche photodiode using temperature sensors and acts at through a power control circuit on an appliance symmetric flow thermoregulator based on peltier cells that, closing the loop, keep its temperature stable. The Photodiode photosensitivity is programmed by the microcontroller at a certain value and keeps it in a closed control loop sensing the polarization current of the photodiode through the Logarithmic amplifier and its associated filter. RMS gain is programmed by the microcontroller in the gain amplifier programmable by closing a third control loop with the measurement of the power estimated by the RMS detector. The receiving device based on avalanche photodiode has a free power scheme of noise built from a pre-regulation scheme that carries a stable voltage to a set of low voltage regulators noise to circuits in which low noise is a factor determinant. The microcontroller has an independent source and the thermoregulator power circuits are fed with separate sources.

12. An electronic circuit based on a microcontroller that exclusively manages the laser beam monitoring between two transceivers, keeping it stable against positional changes. The microcontroller applies a tracking algorithm maximizing the power of the received laser beam and acting on the stepper motors in the micrometric mechanical guidance system. The tracking system comprises four subsystems: guidance device, optical duplexer, transmitter and receiver and a control unit that exclusively executes the tracking algorithm. Let's distinguish between alignment process and monitoring process. In the first, a coordinate origin is set that will determine a maximum value of the received power. The alignment process is performed manually by optical means before performing the tracking process. If the value of the received power is
P r (\ theta_ {r}, \ varphi_ {r}), the objective is to achieve the maximum that occurs in (\ theta_ {r}, \ varphi_ {r}) = (0,0). Once aligned this value will be the origin of coordinates and the objective of maximizing the received power will be fulfilled. A change in the address of the transmitter implies a coordinate shift from the position (\ theta_ {r}, \ varphi_ {r}) to the position (\ theta_ {r} - \ delta_ {\ theta}, \ varphi_ {r} - δ _ {\ varphi}). The follow-up process involves determining the values of δ _ {\ theta} and \ delta _ {\ varphi} by the procedure presented and making those differences as small as possible. The variables \ delta _ {\ theta} and \ delta _ {\ varphi} are time dependent (\ delta _ {\ theta} (t) and \ delta _ {\ varphi} (t)), so the tracking mechanism is a dynamic process The maximum search is done in polar coordinates and the search process is sequential. The method presented is based on the maximization technique known as the "gradient method". The tracking device is controlled by a microcontroller that acts on a micrometric guidance device that directs an optical system based on a duplexer device that focuses the received laser beam, which is processed by a receiver device based on avalanche photodiode that estimates the beam power P r. At the same time, the tracking device directs a transmitting device that emits a laser beam of power P t that is focused through the same optical duplexer system to another remote tracking device that performs the same function. Thus, a pair of tracking devices are formed located at remote points that emit and receive opposing laser beams. The microcontroller that executes the monitoring procedure is inserted in a control loop that includes the drivers that act on the stepper motors of elevation and azimuth of a guiding apparatus and can act on them by setting the angular values \ theta_ {r } and \ varphi_ {r} respectively after an alignment and initialization process. On the other hand, the microcontroller receives information on the value of the received power P r supplied by the receiving apparatus. Given an angular position, the received power will be P r (\ theta_ {r}, \ varphi_ {r}). On the other hand, once the monitoring process is active, the microcontroller also stores the maximum positions that represent the evolution of the angular trajectory of the system over time. Data used to optimize the parameters of the monitoring procedure presented.

13. An air conditioning system inside. The cover and the base of support constitute a hermetically enclosed enclosure through which dry air circulates free of dust in a closed and controlled recirculation circuit thermally In this way the mechanical elements are preserved and electronics of oxidation phenomena and optical elements staying in a clean environment free of particles dispersants The microcontroller of the supervisory system is in charge of the thermal control of the surrounding dry air. The indoor air is dry using a device condensation-evaporation based on peltier cell that It is presented in this invention.

14. Finally, a predictive anti-fog system which prevents the deposition of fog in the viewfinder and eliminating the possibility of laser beam scattering due to water vapor deposited. An algorithm is presented in this invention. predictive anti-fog executed by the supervisory system that has in counts the air temperature and the relative humidity and that absolutely prevents the deposition of fog on the viewfinder. He Predictive anti-fog procedure is anticipated in the performance of mechanisms that lower dew point temperature around surfaces exposed to outdoor environments where you must avoid condensation, based on knowledge of the dew temperature of the air and the temperature of the object and acting through two actions: the decrease in humidity relative air surrounding the object and rising temperature of the surface of it.

Brief description of the drawings

Then it goes on to describe very brief a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention presented as a non-limiting example of is.

Figure 1 shows, schematically, a optical link between two transceivers.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the modules functional and the connection of the parts of the optical transceiver object of this invention.

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Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show the optical transceiver in its external appearance and in the physical arrangement of internal components.

Figures 4A, 4B and 4C show views exploded, posterior, lateral and frontal components grouped in functionalities of the optical transceiver.

Figure 5 shows details of the support of wall anchoring and the thick orientation mechanism of the transceiver.

Figures 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D show the basis of component support and system components air conditioning inside the optical transceiver.

Figure 7 shows the outer cover of the transceiver and its associated components: viewfinder, sensor temperature, anti-fog actuator and thermal insulation panels.

Figures 8A, 8B and 8C show a diagram that shows the relation of the elements that make up the system of Power supply of the transceiver and the arrangement of its components in the chassis and printed circuit board.

Figures 9A and 9B show the components electronic supervisory system and its disposition on a card Printed circuit

Figures 10A and 10B show the components electronic multiport switch and media converter in A printed circuit card.

Figures 11A, 11B and 11C show different views of the micrometric guidance electromechanical system.

Figures 12A and 12B show the apparatus of guided supporting the optical duplexer system and the transmitter To be.

Figure 13 represents the planes and axes of rotation of the micrometric guidance apparatus.

Figures 14A and 14B show the chain kinematics of azimuth and elevation coupled axes.

Figure 15 represents an exploded view of the parts of the main structure of the guiding apparatus micrometric

Figure 16 shows the end sensor mechanism of guiding apparatus stroke.

Figures 17A, 17B and 17C show different views of the optical duplexer.

Figures 18A and 18B represent the apparatus duplexer on the guidance device with the laser transmitter and the receiver, both with symmetric flow thermoregulators.

Figures 19A and 19B represent the apparatus duplexer with two views of the layout of the optical components for the division of the transmitted and received beam.

Figure 20 shows a section of the apparatus optical duplexer showing the elements and parts of the reflector Catadioptric transceiver and the three axes Optical

Figures 21A and 21B illustrate the path of the beams transmitted and received differentiating the components refracted and reflected as processed by the polarizing cube.

Figures 22A and 22B show two annular irradiance characteristics valid for efficient transmission-reception of the duplexer optical.

Figures 23A and 23B show the mechanism of focus of the divergent lens of the duplexer and the adjustable stand of the mirrors of first surface and polarizing cube.

Figures 24A and 24B show the details of the sectional frames of the transmitter optics and the receiver.

Figures 25A and 25B show two views of the symmetric flow thermoregulator apparatus.

Figures 26A and 26B represent two views of the thermoregulator apparatus mounted on the laser transmitter.

Figure 27 represents a cross section middle of the thermoregulator apparatus allowing to see the parts interiors such as the dice, the peltier cells and the heat exchanger.

Figure 28 shows an exploded view of the thermoregulatory apparatus with all its components.

Figures 29A and 29B show two types of given for two types of standard TO5 and TO46 capsules associated in this embodiment to a VCSEL laser diode and a photodiode of avalanche respectively.

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Figures 30A and 30B show, for the dice of Figures 29A and 29B, the results of the thermal simulation and the plotting of the corresponding thermal gradients showing its symmetrical character around the axis of the dice.

Figure 31 shows the schematic diagram of the driver and the unit of control of the direction of the current in the thermoregulator peltier cells.

Figure 32 shows the block diagram functional components of the control loop of the device thermoregulator

Figure 33 shows the functional diagram of thermoregulated laser transmitter apparatus blocks with control embedded.

Figures 34A and 34B show the arrangement of transmitter components on the front and back, respectively, of the printed circuit board.

Figures 35A and 35B show the top view and lower, respectively, of the transmitting apparatus with the symmetric flow thermoregulator.

Figure 36 shows the functional diagram of laser receiver apparatus blocks based on avalanche photodiode thermoregulated with embedded control.

Figures 37A and 37B show the arrangement of receiver components on the front and back, respectively, of the printed circuit board.

Figures 38A and 38B show respectively an anterior and posterior view of the receiving apparatus with the symmetric flow thermoregulator and the final part of the system Optical Duplexer Capture for Laser Beam Capture modulated.

Figure 39 shows the functional diagram of Tracking device blocks.

Figure 40 shows two tracking devices installed in two optical transceiver devices with beams facing each other as they stand between two remote points.

Figures 41A and 41B of the tracking apparatus comprising the drivers, the control unit based on microcontroller, a guidance device, an optical duplexer, a transmitting device and a receiving device.

Figures 42A, 42B and 42C show the control of monitoring and drivers of the engines implemented on printed circuit boards

Figure 43 shows the arrangement of functional components involved in the system of air conditioning inside the cover optical transceiver

Figure 44 shows the functional diagram of Predictive anti-fogging device blocks for the viewfinder optical transceiver

Figure 45 shows an exploded view of the unidirectional heating plate of the device actuator anti-fog

Figures 46A, 46B, 46C and 46D show the convective hot air dynamics performed by simulation thermal for the optical transceiver viewer for outdoor: lines of flow and velocities, map of isotherms, relative humidity and fraction of condensed mass.

Figure 47 shows, finally, the diagram of data flow of the prediction or anticipation algorithm anti-fog

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention proposes a solution for make point-to-point optical links (as shown by way of example in Figure 1), monitoring and implementation of optical networks not guided in free space. It is the subject of present invention an intelligent transceiver system that constitutes the basic communication node of the mentioned optical network.

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predictivo 15.}

Figure 2 shows a general functional diagram of each of the parts of the smart transceiver with the interrelationships between the different subsystems. The optical transceiver 1 and its structural parts have been represented: wall anchor and thick orientation mechanism 2, component support base 3, cover 4 and multiple power supply 5; encompassing the interconnected functional elements through the I2C 20 bus: supervisor system 6, multiport switch and media converter 7, guidance device 8, optical duplexer 9, thermoregulator 10, 10 ', transmitter 11, receiver 12, tracking system 13 (consisting of tracking control 18, drivers 19, 19 'and functional elements 8, 9, 11 and 12),

 \ hbox {indoor air conditioning 14 and anti-fogging apparatus
predictive 15.} 

The optical transceiver 1 establishes a communication between twisted pair cables 31, 31 'that verify the IEEE802.3 100/1000 standard allowing connection to the WAN network wired 16 or another 1 'homologous transceiver. The invention presented allows the development and installation of a network of optical communication based on nodes formed by transceivers smart optics 1. Each node can consist of two or more transceivers connected to each other and located in the same settlement. Each of the transceivers 1 points emitting and receiving laser beams 158, 158 'from other homologous transceivers 1' located in other settlements in remote places that also will form other nodes that point back to others and so successively. The set constitutes an interconnected network of nodes forming the whole set what we call "network of free space optical communication. "Each transceiver intelligent 1 has the ability to yield its state variables to the network, so that the set of interconnected transceivers can be monitored globally for programming, supervision And maintenance.

Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show a Preferred physical realization of the intelligent optical transceiver 1 without thereby subtracting generality by showing the external appearance of the transceiver with an artistic view and two views from different angles, where cover 4 has been removed, from the physical layout of each of the functional elements listed above. Figures 4A, 4B and 4C also show exploded views of transceiver 1 of the various elements separate functional seen from the rear, lateral positions and earlier.

We describe each of the following functional parts as shown in Figure 2, figure that It will serve as a link guide between them.

Wall anchor and thick orientation mechanism 2

According to Figure 5, the anchor and 2 thick orientation mechanism of the optical transceiver should preferably be fixed to a brick and cement or concrete wall 21 on which a main threaded bolt 27 is inserted and fixed and a secondary threaded bolt 28, both of steel, on which sits a mobile platform of aluminum with magnesium alloy 24. This mobile platform 24 revolves around the azimuth axis 22 collinear with main bolt 27 having an angular travel limited by secondary bolt 28. Position determined azimuthal of the transceiver, the mobile platform is fixed with the threaded screws on both bolts. On mobile platform 24 it they screw aluminum pieces in L 25, 25 'on which they have practiced a lifting shaft 23 and a radial groove on which two other pieces of aluminum are fixed in L 26, 26 'constituting the component support base support 3. Parts 25, 25 'allow the lifting rotation of the pieces 26, 26' through the rotation shaft 23 also supported by steel bolts. About the radial grooves to the lifting axis of the pieces 25, 25 'are They insert screws that limit and fix the lifting turn. Determined the lifting position of the transceiver, the parts of the support 26, 26 'are fixed with the aforementioned screws. The set of wall anchor and thick orientation mechanism make up a rigid structure that supports the forces generated by the transceiver when receiving winds with speed higher than 150 Km / h

Support base for mechanical, electronic components, optical and indoor air conditioning 3

In the preferred embodiment presented, all the components of the transceiver, except cover 4, are located located on a support base 3 attached to the anchoring system in pieces 26, 26 '. Figures 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D show views of the component support base 3 from the top, inferior, lateral and in artistic perspective respectively. The base 3 is built in aluminum with magnesium alloy reinforced with elbows of the same material throughout its perimeter. Base 3 contains a series of holes for fixing screws and holes that communicate the inside of the transceiver with the External through external electrical connectors and elements of the indoor air conditioning system 13. At base 3 are the holes where the following are inserted connectors, all meeting the insulation standard not less than IP65: General Switch Switch 29; cable gland 29 'of the cable network input 30; 31, 31 'RJ45 connectors for ethernet 100/1000; general reset button 32 accessible from outside; external connection 33 with the peltier cell of the system air conditioning 51; external connection 34 with the sensors relative humidity 44, outside temperature 45 and turbines 42 and 43; external connection 35 with the anti-fog actuator 59; Connection outside 36 with outside viewfinder temperature sensor 58.

The base 3, in its upper part is surrounded by a rubber seal 39 around its perimeter that allows the closure tight with cover 4. The indoor temperature sensor 37 is is close to the outlet of the indoor air 40 with the in order to evaluate the temperature of the recirculating air. The air in the inside the transceiver is recirculating not renewing, except losses, with outside air. The air recirculates inside entering through the entrance hole 40 'and exiting through the exit 40 driven by turbine 42. On its recirculation trip, the air passes through ducts 46 and 49, turbine 42, the heat exchanger 50 and particle filter 41. In the part bottom of the base are also the turbines of recirculation 42 and heat exchange 43, ducts 49 and 46 through which the indoor air circulates, the conduit 47 through which it circulates Exchange air, peltier cell based heat pump 51, 50, 50 'heat exchangers and the condenser-evaporator 48.

Cover 4

Cover 4 provides base 3 with a hermetic cavity that verifies the IP66 designation of the standard IEC529 The cover 4 is a semi-cylindrical cavity formed by three aluminum plates with magnesium alloy forming the covers front and back 53, 53 'and top 52 of coating (Figure 7). The top cover 52 is a folded sheet with seven sides and a cut at one of its ends by a 15º plane that forms a visor on the front cover 53. Under this is the visor 57 circular shape made of VK7 glass with anti treatments Reflective for the working and elimination wavelength of static charge The external temperature of the viewfinder glass is measured the temperature sensor 58 located in its lower part. The viewfinder 57 is attached to a circular polycarbonate crown 56 low thermal conductivity which in turn is fixed to the front cover 53. Under the visor 57 is the anti-fog actuator effector 59. The inner part of the cover 4 is lined with an insulator based on polypropylene and the outside is painted with a titanium dioxide base to facilitate the reflection of the infrared radiation The set is treated with silicones to transform it into a tight cavity. The cover 4 is coupled to the base 3 using wing nuts (55, 55 ', 55' '...) screw bolts (38, 38 ', 38' '...), on the contour rectangular rubber 39 of the base 3.

Multiple power supply 5

Multiple power supply 5 provides Electric power sources with adequate voltage and power to each of the electrical and electronic elements of the transceiver. Figure 8A shows an indicative diagram of the internal elements of the multiple power supply 5 and its connected with the different external elements. With the purpose of separate the disturbances that propagate through the feeding due to the use of motors and high switching elements current over the sensitive components of the transmitter 11, the 12 receiver and microcontrollers, three sources of separate feed. The first one without regulation, is destined to the Peltier cell feed, anti-fog actuator and motors. Both remaining are regulated sources for the rest of the elements electronic Figures 8B and 8C show the appearance and arrangement of components of power supply 5 in the printed circuit board 60 and chassis 61. The switch general switch 29 and power cord 30 connect to the connectors 88, 89, 90, 91 and 92 that feed the primary the toroidal transformers 62, 63 and 64 which in turn connect with diode bridges 65, 66 and 67 and filter capacitors 68, 69 and 70 forming three separate power supplies. The first (62, 65, 68) constitutes an unregulated source of 16 Volts and 100 Watts that, through connectors 71, 72 and 73, feed the Guiding apparatus 8 motors, peltier cells and fans of thermoregulators 10, 10 ', the peltier cell and the turbines of the air conditioner 14 and the thermal actuator of the anti-fog system 15 these last two with their drivers installed in the supervisory system 6. The second (63, 66, 69) through the integrated regulator 74 forms a regulated source of -12 Volts, 15 Watts, necessary to power the power circuits symmetric of receiver 12. The third (64, 67, 70) forms three regulated sources of +12 Volts through regulators 75, 76 and 77 with a total power of 30 Watts. The 78 and 79 connectors provide a symmetrical connection of + 12, -12 Volts to receiver 12. Connector 80 provides a +12 Volt connection to the circuit multiport switch and media converter 7. Connector 81 provides a +12 Volts connection to the transmitter circuit 11. The voltage regulated by the +12 Volts regulator 77, is returned to regulate by means of three parallel regulators 82, 83 and 84 to provide three regulated +5 Volt sources that connect to Supervisor 6 power circuits through the connector 85, the power circuits of the tracking system 13 a through connector 86 and the power circuits of the temperature and humidity sensors of the systems air conditioning 14 and fog prevention 15.

Supervisor 6

The supervisor system 6 performs tasks of bidirectional communication between your slave microcontrollers (tracking control 109, transmitter control 230 and control of the receiver 230 ') and the exterior adapting the data format to the IEEE.802.3 standard with registered MAC address. Owns a server Web that allows to monitor the state of the variables of the transceiver remotely with geographical independence. The supervisor 6 also executes the temperature control algorithms of the air inside the transceiver and anti-fog prediction.

Figures 9A and 9B show the card printed circuit in top and bottom views with the provision of the circuit elements of the supervisory system. The 93 connector link to multiple power supply 5 on connector 85 of +5 Volts LED 94 indicates the operation of the post stage regulator 111 that reduces the power to 3.3 Volts needed for the microcontroller 109 controlled by the crystal 110. The LEDs 95, 96, 97, 98 and 99 display the different states of control and communications in test operations. The connector RJ45 100 allows twisted pair ethernet communication with the multiport switch 7. Connector 101 allows programming of microcontroller 109. Push button 102 sets the conditions initialization hardware of microcontroller 109. Connector 103 receives from connector 71 of multiple power supply 6 the 16 Volts voltage for the 112 and 113 drivers that activate the anti-fog actuator 59 and the peltier cell system air conditioning 51. Connector 108 is the outlet of the controlled power voltage going to connectors 33 and 35 of the base 4 where the aforementioned anti-fog actuator 59 and cell are linked peltier 51. Connector 104 provides the voltage output for the activation of turbines 42 and 43 activated by drivers 114 and 115 through connector 34 of base 4. Connector 105 is connects to I2C bus 20. Connector 106 is an extension of the I2C bus where the indoor temperature sensors 37 are connected, outside temperature 45 and viewfinder temperature 58 through the connectors 34 and 36 of base 4. Connector 107 receives the signals of the relative humidity sensor 44 that links with it through the connection 34 of the base 4.

Multiport switch and media converter 7

The optical transceiver connects to the WAN network using the IEEE 802.3 TX twisted pair 100/1000 standard. These signals are transformed by the multiport switch circuit 7 allowing the connection of multiple optical transceivers in a same node while converting them to the IEEE 802.3 FX format 100/1000 differential, serial format with which the laser transmitter 11 and laser receiver 12 based on photodiode of avalanche.

The multiport switch and media converter 7 is implemented in a printed circuit board being its distribution of elements shown by Figures 10A and 10B. He connector 116 links to multiple power supply 5 on the connector 80 +12 Volts. LED 118 indicates operation of post-regulatory stage 117 which, together with regulators 130 and 131 make up a regulated multiple source of +5, +3.3 and +1.2 Volts necessary to polarize all the circuits it contains. He main element is the crystal-controlled processor 132 133 dedicated to implementing a four-port multiport switch channels that verify the IEEE 802.3 standard, three of them with the 100/1000 twisted pair standard and one of them with the FX series standard 100/1000 Two of the twisted pair output ports 120 and 121 are connect to the outside through connectors 31 and 31 'of the base 4 allowing connection to the WAN network and another possible homologous transceiver to constitute a multiple node transceivers The third twisted pair port 122 is used for communicate the WAN network with supervisor 6 who provides the page transceiver web along with complementary applications such like telnet or ftp. Through multiple operation of the switch and media converter 7 data is allowed relative to the system monitoring and user data use the same means, medium. The serial port with 100/1000 FX differential standard is present on coaxial connectors 123 and 124 for the signal transmitted and 125 and 126 for the received. These coaxial connectors link with their coaxial counterparts 238, 238 'of transmitter 11 and 271, 271 'of receiver 12 respectively. Initialization Switch 7 hardware is done via push button 119. The connector 127 allows connection of switch 7 to the I2C bus with the so that supervisor 6 can read the status variables of the same. LEDs 129 in a number of 12 display the status of Each of the ports (three LEDs per port). The commutator 128 allows the media converter to operate in two modes: normal mode and test mode. In normal mode, the switch performs Its functions according to the standard. In test mode, transmit pulse sequences preset and generated by the oscillator formed by transistors 136 and 137 and crystal 138. The 134 and 135 pulse dividers allow you to select a wide range of sequences and frequencies to perform testing tasks and BER calculation (Bit Error Rate).

Micrometric guidance device 8

The micrometric guiding apparatus 8, shown in different views in Figures 11A, 11B and 11C, such as the disclosed in Spanish patent application P201001622, is constituted by an electromechanical actuator driven by two stepper motors, a lifting motor 136 and an azimuth motor 137, formed by moving parts and gears that allow azimuth and lifting movement of a mooring support 138, preferably circular, responsible for holding the duplexer catadioptric 9 and the collimated solid state laser transmitter 11 by lenses, as shown in Figures 12A and 12B. its azimuth and elevation movement travel are determined for four limit switches (two limit switches for elevation 139 for the rotation around the axis of elevation and two Azimuth 139 'limit switches for rotation around the axis of azimuth) that generate signals for calibration and to delimit a range of safety or allowable positions. The engines step by step are driven by drivers 19, 19 'and these are directed by the microcontroller of the supervisor system 6 that allows programming step size, speed and acceleration of the engine. These data is dumped on a standard I2C bus and can be considered at set as an embedded control system that acts in mode slave.

The mechanics of the movement of each of the azimuth 140 and elevation 141 mobile planes consists of a kinematic chain of three coupled axes that transmit the movement from the stepper motor to the final axis that makes turn the stand The azimuth plane 140 supports the elevation and in it are the two motors that rotate with the azimuth axis 150. The elevation plane 141 moves above the azimuth plane 140 and rotate with the lift shaft 151 (Figure 13).

The action of each one is described below. of the three coupled axes (Figures 14A and 14B). Starting from the axis 152 of lift motor 136 (axle 152 'of azimuth motor 137 for Figure 14B), this fits an endless screw of elevation 142 (azimuth worm 142 'for Figure 14B) that gears with a helical crown of elevation 143 (crown azimuth helical 143 'for Figure 14B) of "n" teeth that moves a second axis, lifting traction axis 153 (axis of azimuth traction 153 'for Figure 14B), consisting of a bolt threaded (lifting bolt 144, azimuth bolt 144 ') with pitch "p" thread. A lifting traction nut 145 ( azimuth drive 145 'for Figure 14B) threaded to bolt (144, 144 '), moves a linear length of a thread pitch "p" every time the helical crown (143, 143 ') gives a return. If we consider a stepper motor of "m" steps by turn, a displacement of length "p" will occur every m * n motor steps If the tension nut (145, 145 ') threaded to Bolt is used as a guide and traction element of a mechanism connecting rod, we will transform the linear movement into angular again. He third and last axis, lifting axis 151 (azimuth axis 150 in the Figure 14B), is the one that finally holds a connecting rod (connecting rod of lift 146, azimuth connecting rod 146 ') whose guide engages with the nut of traction (145, 145 ') through a grooved shaft. If the length between the drive axle and the third axle is "l" (length of the connecting rod), a one-step thread movement "p" will generate a angular movement of:

one

Thus, a motor step will generate a displacement. Angle of:

2

The approximation is correct, since \ tfrac {p} {l \ cdot m \ cdot n} << 1, so the tangent arc is approximates with great precision his argument.

Considering conventional step values of thread of the order of the millimeter, connecting rod lengths of several tens millimeters, gear ratios crown screw 1:30 or 1:40 and stepper motors 400 steps per turn, the angular movement achieved per step engine is of the order of millionths of radian or some tenths of arc seconds.

If a laser beam is aimed at a target located at a distance between 100 m and 2000 m on a mobile platform such as the that we have described, a motor step would move the beam between tenths of a millimeter (at 100 m) and several millimeters (at 2000 m).

On the other hand, with the aim of designing the end of career sensors 139, we have to take note that the azimuth 150 and elevation 151 axis races they must be such that they allow sweeping distant areas between 100 m and 2000 m generated by laser beam deviations due to movement of the base 2 that sits on the covers of the buildings The dynamics of a building can generate a angular displacement of the roof not exceeding a few tenths of radian (not exceeding 10º). Beam deviations from these angular displacements would come to assume displacements linear between 15 m (at 100 m) and 300 m (at 2000 m).

The mechanics associated with the end of sensors career must accumulate all the slacks that happen and add in the three axes of the movement of the azimuth and elevation planes. Therefore, these plans should be used to measure the the race. When axis calibration is performed, you must take into account all the accumulated slack in the chain kinematics.

The reflective electro-optical sensors consist of an infrared led diode and a phototransistor located in the same plane and separated by an opaque screen. They are reflective; is that is to say, the LED is always illuminated and the phototransistor receives the LED light when it is reflected on a moving mirror The phototransistor is activated when a threshold is exceeded of lighting. So that this threshold does not generate mechanisms of excessive hysteresis, phototransistor activation is done by means of electronic circuits comparators of high gain.

In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus of Guided 8 is made of aluminum for the structure, brass on the Bolts (144, 144 ') and bushings, bronze in helical crowns (143, 143 '), self-lubricated nylon with molybdenum in the nuts of traction (145, 145 ') and steel in nuts and bolts, including worm screws (142, 142 '). All parts are milled or turned under a CNC numerical control system. The stepper motors supply 200 steps / turn but the associated control electronics allows to multiply up to a factor of 8 (1600 steps / lap). The limit switches (139, 139 ') are reflection electro-optic (LED-phototransistor diode pairs), without contacts mechanics Four sensors are used: two 139 'sensors for the Azimuth stroke and two sensors 139 for lifting.

As shown in the exploded view of Figure 15, the main mechanical structure is formed by Five main pieces: the base or connecting rod of azimuth 146 ', the frame 147, lifting rod 146, mooring base 148 and the Mooring support 138 (preferably mooring cylinder).

The base or connecting rod of azimuth 146 'is the element on which all the pieces rest and it is the support of everything the set including motors and sensors. It consists of a drill center on which the screw 154 of the azimuth shaft 150 rests, four holes for external fixation and a 149 'guide for azimuth traction nut 145 '. The connecting rod mechanism is completed with the azimuth bolt 144 'and its traction nut 145' held in the frame 147. The distance between the azimuth axis 150 and the axis of azimuth traction 153 'determines the length of the connecting rod that in the presented embodiment is 40 mm. On the basis or azimuth rod 146 'the support containing the electro-optical sensors of azimuth end of career 139 '.

The frame 147 supports the support of the stepper motors (136, 137), the limit switch of azimuth 155 '(attached to frame 147 using a 157' stud in solidarity with frame 147) and sensor holder 156 end-of-stroke electro-optics, as shown in Figure 16, which represents the mechanism of the end of guiding apparatus stroke. It has two perpendicular drills where the azimuth 150 and elevation 151 axes pass at the same time as contains the clamping mechanisms of the azimuth bolts 144 'and elevation 144 where the helical crowns are inserted (143, 143 ') of 40 teeth in this embodiment moved by the screws endless (142, 142 '). Lifting bolts 144 and azimuth 144 ' engage with the corresponding tension nuts (145, 145 '). The azimuth bolt 144 ', the azimuth traction nut 145' and the azimuth 146 'base or connecting rod and its interaction constitute the Azimuth connecting rod mechanism. The lifting bolt 144, the nut of lifting traction 145 and lifting rod 146 and its interaction constitute the lifting rod mechanism. The Bolts (144, 144 ') are fastened to frame 147 by bushings (lifting bolt cap 158, azimuth bolt cap 158 ') and nuts (lifting sleeve nut 159, nut azimuth cap 159 '). Figure 15 also shows the nut 160 of the lifting shaft and nut 160 'of the shaft azimuth

The lifting rod 146 is the piece that together with lifting bolt 144 and lifting traction nut 145 and its interaction constitute the lifting rod mechanism. It consists of guide 149 for lifting traction nut 145 and the lift shaft 151 itself. The distance between the axis lifting 151 and the lifting traction shaft 153 give us the Length of the lifting rod. In the presented embodiment it is 40 mm, same length as the azimuth rod, which means that the resolution of the step in the elevation axes and Azimuth is identical.

The drive nuts (145, 145 ') are shaped cylindrical with a groove in the cylinder shaft that adjusts in the guides (149, 149 ') of the connecting rods (146, 146'). Threading is perpendicular to the cylinder.

The mooring base 148 is a piece located perpendicularly on the lifting rod 146, the support or base of the mooring support 138 that holds the tube of the optical duplexer 9 and laser transmitter 11.

The angular deviation generated by each step of motor in each of the azimuth and elevation axes for the embodiment presented considering the use of a step bolt standard M8 thread (p = 1.25 mm), a crown of 40 teeth (n = 40), a stepper motor 400 steps / turn (m = 400) and connecting rod distance 40 mm (l = 40 mm), the angular deviation will be:

3

Thus at 100 m the linear deviation of a laser beam Supported in the system by motor step will be:

4

And at 2000 m it will be:

5

So that the limit switches (139, 139 ') record all accumulated gaps due to succession of the movement generated in the three coupled axes (152, 153, 151; 152 ', 153', 150), the reflection mirrors (155, 155 ') of these are placed in azimuth planes 140 and elevation 141 rotating on the azimuth shafts 150 and elevation 151.

The limit switch sensor mechanism consists of three pieces, both for the azimuth race, and for the elevation: support (156, 156 '), sensor cards (139, 139') and the end of career mirror (155, 155 ').

The support (156, 156 ') holds the cards sensor (139, 139 '). There is a support for each race. The support of the azimuth stroke 156 'is fixed to the base or connecting rod of azimuth 146 'and support 156 of the lifting stroke to the frame 147.

The sensor cards in a number of two per career, contain the structure diode-phototransistor and polarization network. Every diode-phototransistor pair of each run is is positioned according to the perimeter of a 40 mm radius circumference centered on azimuth axes 150 and elevation 151 and distanced an angle of 50º.

The end of race mirrors (155, 155 ') have Circular crown sector shape. The end of career mirror azimuth 155 'is fixed by a stud 157' to frame 147, and the limit switch 155 is it is fixed by another stud 157 to the lifting rod 146. These mirrors (155, 155 ') rotate in solidarity with the axis of azimuth 150 and elevation 151 respectively. The crown sector circular of the mirror extends an angle of 40º and sweeps the perimeter of a circle centered on azimuth axes 150 and elevation 151 and radius of 40 mm. So when you turn right and to lefts starting from a central reference position sweeps 5º angles before reflection and activation is generated of a phototransistor. The full sweep of each run is, by therefore, of 10º.

In a preferred embodiment of the system Electronic control, stepper motors are precision (1.8º / step - a turn in 200 steps), they are fed in current by the 19, 19 'drivers in bipolar configuration that are managed by the tracking control 18 that allows the positioning of up to 1/16 of the base step. The tracking control 18, at the same time, allows the pulse sequence control and the programming of the speed and acceleration of the engine. Communications with the Microcontroller are performed using the I2C 20 bus in mode slave.

The limit switches generate signals from pulse that are treated by high gain comparators to minimize hysteresis between the rise and fall of the pulse. He tracking system 16 executes a calibration algorithm acting on the stepper motors and positioning the planes of azimuth and elevation in a reference position. The movement of the planes with respect to the reference position follow the proposed standard in optics for spherical coordinates.

In a preferred embodiment of the algorithm of calibration, if we call \ varphi_ {min} the azimuth angle more negative and \ varphi_ {max} to the most positive, and \ theta_ {min} to elevation angle most negative and the max to the most positive, we define the ranges of permissible positions as the intervals [\ varphi_ {min}, \ varphi_ {max}] for the azimuth plane and [\ theta_ {min}, \ theta_ {max}] for the elevation.

The calibration algorithm is performed following three sequences that describe the procedure valid for both axes:

1. Calculation of total clearance: total clearance It has a mechanical component due to the axes and another electrical component of hysteresis due to the sensors. The calculation of total clearance is perform in the following steps:

-

Since the current position, the mirror is directed towards the end of stroke corresponding to the minimum angle that will activate a signal of stop once reached. Once there, the mirror is directed at opposite direction until the stop signal is deactivated. In this point the mirror is positioned on the minimum angle.

-

Be direct the mirror back to the sensor corresponding to the angle minimum. When the stop signal is activated again, the number of steps taken will correspond to the accumulated clearance of all the mechanical and electrical kinematic chain. This value is stored. as clearance compensation value, and will be used from this moment for the rest of the movements that we perform that imply a change of direction.

-

Be direct the mirror towards the minimum angle. This movement does not move the axis. At this moment we are just over the minimum angle with the clearance clearance applied.

2. Calculation of the total range: From the angle minimum the mirror is directed towards the limit switch corresponding to the maximum angle. This is achieved when you return to interrupt the stop signal. At this moment the mirror is over the maximum angle, the range being the number of steps taken. He origin will be found in half the number of computed steps whose Value is stored.

3. Positioning at the origin of coordinates: From the position of the maximum angle, the mirror is directed in the direction opposite to the value stored in the previous phase. In this moment the mirror is positioned at the origin of coordinates of the corresponding axis. How the direction of rotation has changed is perform the clearance compensation stored in step 1.

From the angular point of view the system of guided running this algorithm, the number of steps is scaled from according to the expression (Ec. 2). In this way, the angle in Radians travel is:

6

Optical duplexer 9

The optical duplexer 9 is characterized by process two linearly polarized laser beams in two planes perpendicular that propagate bidirectionally over a single optical axis The optical duplexer 9, shown in different views in Figures 17A, 17B and 17C, such as the disclosed in Spanish patent application P201001619, is constituted by a catadioptric reflector tube 161 attached to a rectangular box or housing 162 containing the optical elements and mechanics for the laser transmitter 11, the laser receiver 12, both with thermoregulation (10-10 ') as shown in the Figures 18A and 18B. The set, except the receiver, is held in the guiding apparatus 8 that allows azimuthal and micrometric precision elevation. The transmitted laser beams 158 and received 158 'leave and enter the catadioptric reflector tube 161 through the crown-shaped window 160 with a central circle opaque 159. At the bottom of box 162 is the screw 163 that adjusts the position of the primary mirror of the reflector 161. The entire metal structure is built in aluminum: catadioptric reflector tube 161 and box 162 with a anti-glare coating. Box 162 is also covered internally by absorbent felt.

Figures 19A and 19B show the elements of the optical system included inside the box 162. The tube catadioptric reflector 161 is screwed to a support 164 on which a perpendicular base 165 that houses the optical system of transmitter 166 and receiver 166 ', two mirrors of first surface 167 and 167 'that respectively direct the beam transmitted and received, a beam splitter polarizing hub 169 that it separates the transmitted and received beams and finally a system optical adaptation to the catadioptric reflector based on a lens divergent 170. Mirrors 167-167 'and the cube polarizer 169, are installed on mobile supports 172 that allow its angular movement in space. The mirrors of first surface 167-167 'are mirrors specials that generate a single reflection while the mirrors normal do two: one on the mirror surface and one on the external glass These mirrors only have a mirror surface Aluminum made by vapor deposition.

Figure 20 shows a section of the tube catadioptric reflector that covers a plane containing all three optical axes 180, 181, 182 by which the beams concur transmitted and received. The catadioptric reflector 161 and its elements constitute a telescope of the type Maksutov-Cassegrain. It has a primary mirror 174 in the form of a circular and spherical crown in the embodiment presented (could be elliptical), a secondary mirror 175 of circular shape and spherical attached to a meniscus 176 corrective lens with two radii of curvature, the first identical to that of the secondary mirror. The secondary mirror 175 generates an area of opaque shadow 159 in the exterior of the meniscus 176. The primary mirror 174 is subject to a hollow cylinder 179 moving in the direction of the optical axis for a second hollow cylinder 177. The mobile cylinder 179 is integral with screw 163 (focus screw), and allows adjustment the position of the primary mirror 174. The hollow tube 177, together with the Conical trunk bowl 178 prevents the entry of beams twice reflected higher than a certain angle (65 milliadianes in the presented embodiment). The transmitted and received beams pass simultaneously through tube 177.

The effective focal length of the reflector Catadioptric is a function of the position of the primary mirror 174. Thus, if the focal distances of the primary mirror 174 and the mirror secondary 175 are f1 and f2 respectively, and the distance between two mirrors is I, the effective focal length f of the reflector is:

7

In the presented embodiment, the focal length effective changes between 700 mm and 1200 mm depending on the position of the primary mirror 174 of 90 mm diameter. So, the openings angular that replaces the reflector are between 35 and 60 miliradianes approximately.

The transmitted laser beam 158 produced by the laser diode 183, after being collimated by optical system 166, is directs the optical axis 181 towards the first surface mirror 167 where it is reflected towards the polarizing cube 169. The cube polarizer 169 reflects the beam in its component S towards the axis optical 180. The refracted component P of the transmitted beam 158 it will continue along the axis 181 absorbing into the wall of the box 162. The energy transmitted by axis 180 depends on the state of polarization of the laser used. If the laser beam is found polarized at source, should be oriented by turning to maximize the S component may have, at best without considering losses, 100% of the energy. If the laser beam does not It is polarized in any direction, it will only be transmitted in the best case, 50% of the energy received in the cube polarizer 169.

After being focused by the elements of catadioptric reflector 161, a laser beam is received on axis 180 received 158 'linearly polarized and perpendicular to the beam transmitted. When crossing polarizing hub 169, its component majority P 'is refracted by passing optical axis 182 towards the receiver. Its minor component S 'is reflected towards axis 181. The majority component P 'is directed by the optical axis 182 towards the first surface mirror 167 'where the received beam is reflected towards the optical system of the receiver 166 '.

Figures 21A and 21B illustrate the beam transmitted and received in perpendicular planes and the action of polarizing hub to separate the transmitted components S and received P in two different paths. It also shows a schematic diagram of the beams transmitted-received and its components S and P with traced according to the paraxial geometric optics.

Suppose the transmitted beams and received are partially polarized both with separable components S and P. The transmitted beam 2SP is produced in the laser diode 183 and is collimated by an aspherical lens 203. The beam transmitted 158 strikes the polarizing hub 169 separating the do in the 2S and 2P components. The 2S component reflects it towards the divergent lens 170 and reflector tube 161, and the 2P component the lost by absorption in the walls of the box 162. The proportion energy between the 2S and 2P components depend on the laser. At worst case scenario (no polarization), half of the Energy. In the best case (linear polarization), the 2P component will not exist and there will be no losses. The 2S component reflected goes through the divergent adapter lens 170 that adjusts the ray path to maximize beam section and minimize losses in the reflector tube. On its way, it affects on the secondary mirror 175 which reflects the beam towards the mirror primary 174 and, this in turn, reflects it towards the corrective meniscus 176 finally spreading into free space.

The beam received 2'SP from space free from a counterpart duplexer rotated 90º (with component P majority), and located at a great distance with a section equal to diameter of the reflector tube 161, enters the correction meniscus 176, affects the primary mirror 174 which reflects it to the mirror secondary 175 and, in turn, reflects it towards the lens divergent 170 colliding it and making it impact on the polarizing hub 169. The polarizing hub separates the components 2'P majority refracted and 2'S minority reflected directing the first towards convergent lens 199 focusing energy on the hemispheric lens 200.

To minimize losses, distributions Energy incidents must be void. To avoid the shadow produced by the position of the secondary mirror 175, the irradiance of incident and transmitted energy must be shaped of circular crown. The major and minor crown diameters should match the diameter of the primary and secondary mirror respectively. In the embodiment presented both diameters are of 90 mm and 30 mm. Figures 22A and 22B show distributions of annular energy valid for transmission and reception with the optical duplexer presented. The first is characteristic of a laser VCSEL multimode shaped radial petals and the second is characteristic of an F-P type laser processed by An axon lens. Without subtracting generality, in the realization presented has made use of a multimode VCSEL laser with the irradiance distribution shown in Figure 22A.

Energy losses must be minimized using optical devices with anti-reflective coatings, tuned to work frequency. Thus, the beam interaction laser on your trip with each of the optical elements that process, generates a global loss factor P (0 <P <1), result of the contribution of each of them. If the losses contributed by element i of the optical chain is Pi and there are 1, 2, 3 ... n elements in the chain, the total loss P in the chain be:

8

In the path of the transmitter beam there are eight optical elements: 183, 203, 167, 169, 170, 175, 174 and 176. In the path of the receiving beam there are also eight elements: 176, 174, 175, 170, 169, 167 ', 199 and 200. In the embodiment presented all optical elements have losses less than 2%. So according to the expression (6), the loss factor in transmission and reception It is less than 15%.

Figures 23A and 23B show respectively the movable frames of the divergent lens 170 and the mirrors of first surface (167-167 ') and polarizing hub 169. Washer 185 secures lens 170 to movable tube 184 with pocket for the lens that slides over the tube 171. The cylinders 187 (hollow without thread) and 186 (threaded), are attached to the tubes 171 and 184 respectively so that they move in solidarity with they. The base 192 is fixed to the outer tube 171 and the base main 165. Tube 171 has a slot 189 through which slide the cylinder 186 in solidarity with the tube 184. The screw 191 with large diameter head (adjustment knob), and thread pitch 0.5 mm in the presented embodiment, it is through to cylinder 187 and threaded to 188. Between the two cylinders and the screw shaft are it places the quay 190. The basis of operation is as follows: spring 190 exerts a force on the cylinder 186 which makes move the tube 184 and the solidarity lens 170 outwards. The position of the lens depends on the length of threaded screw at 186. Taking into account the thread pitch used, in one turn of the 191 control the lens moves 0.5 mm. The total route in the embodiment is 15 mm (30 turns).

On the other hand, the support 172 of the mirrors (167-167 ') and polarizing hub 169, shown in the Figure 23B, is a standard optical support based on the modification of the position of a rectangular surface 193 whose plane can change in space with the position of two adjustment screws 194-194 'located on the diagonal of the rectangle. The rectangular surface 193 is fixed through screw 195 and the spring 196 that tensiones it tightly on the two screws of adjustment. The adjustment screws 194-194 'have a fine thread pitch (0.25 mm / turn in the embodiment) that allow move the rectangular surface 193 with precision of the miliradián. In the rectangular surface 193 mirrors are attached 167-167 'and bucket 169. All these settings are perform only once in order to properly direct the beams transmitted and received. Once made, screws 191, 194 and 194 'are fixed with glue or sealing.

Figures 24A and 24B show the systems optical transmission 166 and reception 166 ', respectively. He Optical system of transmitter 166 aims to collimate the beam laser generated by the solid state laser diode 183 that found encapsulated and emitting on a thin optical window of glass (BK7 in this embodiment). The lens 203 is fixed on a threaded cylinder 202 rotating on its thread with cylinder 201 (0.5 mm / turn in the embodiment). Lens 203 is aspherical with anti-glare coating and allows, once the position is adjusted of the emitting laser in its focal plane, transform the generated beam into a parallel beam of small section (4 mm in diameter in the realization). The diameter of the aspherical lens should be as large enough not to generate losses in the beam collected and not to produce diffractive phenomena (6 mm in diameter in the realization). The laser diode 183 is encapsulated in the optical system housing of the transmitter 166 that is part of the thermoregulation system 10 being modulated by the circuits transmitter electronics 11.

The optical system of receiver 166 'has three optical elements: a converging lens 199, a hemispherical lens 200, both with anti-glare coating, and an optical fiber of flexible polymer 173. Due to the characteristics of the optical system presented, the received laser beam is presented as a parallel beam of similar section to the one transmitted. The collector lens 199 focuses the laser beam received in a hemispherical lens 200 attached to a polymer fiber optic 173. The assembly adapts the energy received so that it is collected almost entirely. On the one hand, the beam is focused by the collector lens 199 on a lens hemispherical (hemispheric) 200 that captures all received beams regardless of its angle in half a lenticular sphere of 2.25 mm diameter. A polymer fiber optic 173 collects energy for direct it towards the avalanche photodiode of the receiver. The Flexibility of the fiber and its low losses allows to position the receiver circuits 12 and the thermoregulation system of the 10 'photodiode at a certain distance from the set allowing the mobility.

Symmetric flow thermoregulator 10

The symmetric flow thermoregulator apparatus 10, shown in different views in Figures 25A and 25B, such as that disclosed in Spanish patent application P201001621, is constituted by an anterior support 206 and a subsequent support 207 of low thermal conductivity polycarbonate containing to an adiabatic cavity supported by a frame, four heat sinks 209 and four fans 208. In the presented embodiment, the thermoregulatory apparatus 10 and without subtracting generality, thermally controls a laser diode that is focused through an optical system constituted by a focusing tube 202 and an aspherical lens 203, the entire assembly mounted by means of fixing 215 (in the preferred embodiment, inserts) to a transmitter 11, as shown in Figures 26A and 26B, with electronic circuits for accessing terminals 216 of peltier cells and temperature sensors
210.

Figures 27 and 28 represent respectively, a cross section and an exploded view of the apparatus thermoregulator showing all the components that owns and its disposition. The frame 217 made of aluminum separates two spaces, one exterior and one interior, the interior containing to metallic die 220 made of brass, four peltier cells 218 and thermal insulators comprising lateral insulators 219 between peltier cells, rear cover 222, rear closure 223, cover anterior 224 and anterior closure 225, which make up a cavity adiabatic on die 220 in which the thermal exchange is performed primarily through the faces of peltier cells 218. On the axis of die 220 is the electronic device with cylindrical symmetry 221 (a laser diode in the embodiment presented), whose terminals are accessible from outside by the socket 213 being the laser beam transmitted on the opposite side to through focus tube 202 and aspherical lens with support 203. The outer space that delimits frame 217 along with the 209 aluminum heatsinks constitutes the exchanger thermal through forced air provided by fans 208. The fastening screws of the adiabatic cavity 227 are of insulating plastic (nylon), while the rest 228, (229) and 230 (and 229) are made of steel. The frame 217 is attached to the anterior supports 206 and later 207 with screws 228 and washers 226. The 208 fans are screwed to the front brackets 206 and 207 with screws 229. Temperature sensors 214 and 210 stick, respectively, to die 220 (whereby the sensor of temperature 214 constitutes the temperature sensor of the die) and to frame 217 (whereby the temperature sensor 210 constitutes the heat exchanger temperature sensor). To maximize thermal contact have been used glues and thermal pastes of high conductivity Thus, peltier 218 cells are attached to the frame 217 on its inner faces (those of the frame). The 220 die presents a solidarity contact with the faces of the peltier cells 218 by thermal paste (the die contacts thermal paste and not it is glued with thermal glue). The dice can be drawn from the frame by removing the screws. Frame 217 is glued with thermal glue with a face of peltier cells 218. The tube of approach 203 is attached to die 220 with a thermal insulating glue in order to avoid thermal exchange with the system optical.

Figures 29A and 29B show two types of given for two types of standard TO5 and TO46 capsules associated in this embodiment to a VCSEL laser and an avalanche photodiode respectively. Figures 30A and 30B show, respectively, the thermal gradient on the die for capsule cavity TO5 and the gradient thermal in the die for capsule cavity TO46, result of a thermal simulation, showing its symmetric character around the axis of the dice. In effect, the thermal gradient generated by the cylindrical surface from a die with four of its faces contiguous at constant temperature, it has radial geometry. The diffusive effects of heat within the die considering large enough (19 mm side in the presented embodiment), make it possible for a thermal gradient initially perpendicular to the faces of the dice, end up forming a radial distribution in a cylinder located in its central axis.

Figure 31 shows the schematic of the driver or peltier cell controller (231-231 ', 232-232 ', 233-233', 234-234 ', components located on the cards printed circuit of transmitter 11 and receiver 12), with capacity control of the direction of the electric current flowing through she. The peltier cell 218, is connected by each of its ends at the exit of two CMOS inverters built with transistors MOSFET (M1-M3, M2-M4) power (> 10 A). The current flowing through its sources converges in a common node to which the NMOS power transistor M5 is connected the peltier cell 218 can be controlled in mode On-Off through the base of the bipolar transistor Q3 connected to data processing means (preferably to microcontroller 230) through an output C, so if the output C = 0 (logical 0) peltier cell 218 is in operation and if the output C = 1 (logical 1) the peltier cell 218 is off. The bases of the bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2, also connected to the 230 microcontroller through outputs A and B, activate in addition the corresponding doors of its investors Associated CMOS. Since the CMOS inverter inputs are complementary, when one of them is activated the other is deactivated and vice versa. A current analysis of this topology, considering the M5 transistor in conduction, demonstrates that when the M1-M3 pair is activated (M2-M4 disabled), transistors M1 and M4 enter driving Thus the current flows from left to right according to the direction M1-> 218-> M4, which occurs if the output A = 0 (0 logical) and the output B = 1 (1 logical). On the contrary, when the pair M1-M3 is disabled (M2-M4 activated), transistors M2 and M3 enter conduction generating a current from right to left according to the direction M2-> 218-> M3, which occurs if the output A = 1 (logical 1) and the output B = 0 (0 logical). Therefore, this circuit allows to exchange the direction of the current flowing through a peltier cell making their hot and cold faces exchange their role in function of this sense. This thermoregulator ability presented makes it possible to achieve the desired temperature target in shorter times than with thermostat control methods conventional, because thanks to this exchange, it is injected and extracted heat of the die necessarily contributing to the increase in natural speed of diffusion of heat in the material.

Figure 32 shows the closed-loop functional block diagram for the thermal control of the symmetric flow thermoregulator. The temperature sensors 214 (die temperature sensor) and 210 (heatsink / frame temperature sensor) provide the microcontroller 230 with the temperatures of each of the faces of the peltier cell (interior and exterior, respectively) allowing to calculate the variable ΔT = T_ {h} - T_ {c} . On the other hand, microcontroller 230 can act by generating PWM type pulses in the peltier cell controller (231-231 ', 232-232', 233-233 ', 234-234', components located on the printed circuit boards of the transmitter 11 and receiver 12), with control of the direction of the current in the peltier cells, creating the average current that causes heat transfer from one side to the other of these. The controller (231-231 ', 232-232', 233-233 ', 234-234'), closes a first control loop. A second loop is created in the actuation of the microcontroller 230 on the fans 208, which act by exchanging forced air with the fins of the heat sink 209. According to the characteristics of the cell used in the presented embodiment, the maximum thermal difference with transfer of zero heat is ΔT = 66 ° C. Likewise, the maximum heat flux transferred, unlike zero temperature, is 28 watts. The fans generate a maximum air flow of 0.63 m 3 / min. The thermal resistance of the heatsink is 7ºC / W, down to a minimum of approximately 2ºC / W with maximum forced air flow.

Maintaining a target temperature in The die is carried out by the closed loop assembly: sensors of temperature 210, 214, microcontroller 230, acting on the current and its meaning in peltier 218 cells and acting in the volume of air injected into the heatsink by the 208 fans.

The basic thermoregulation algorithm on given, without subtracting generality, is the following:

one.

Set the target temperature of the die.

2.

Set the value of the error variable.

3.

Read the temperature of the dice.

Four.

Read the heatsink temperature thermal.

5.

Calculate the thermal performance range of the cell peltier

5.1.

If the target temperature is within the range Thermal continue.

5.2.

If the target temperature is not attainable and no the fans are activated, activate the fans. Go to 3.

5.3.

If the fans are still activated, the target temperature, change the target temperature of the die to a value that is within the range of action except for a limit lower or higher in the strip (it is a safety measure for not reach the maximum and minimum limits of the strip guaranteeing the possible non-linear dispersions that may happen). Go to 3.

5.4.

If the die temperature exceeds the margins upper and lower of a safety threshold, disconnect the thermoregular device. Get out.

6.

Compare the temperature of the die with the temperature objective.

7.

Act on peltier cells by heating or cooling the die until the thermal difference reaches the error variable

8.

Return to step 2.

Temporary reading and acting periods they must verify the stability criteria of the theory of control known the system time constant.

Considering the algorithm described above, the experimental measures show that in environments with differences thermal not less than approximately 22 ° C, a die temperature that remains constant regardless of the thermal changes that may occur. These results are valid for application in Mediterranean and Central European climates considering that the thermal changes that occur between the day and the night, on average, does not exceed 20ºC.

Peltier 218 cells are connected in series and They act all at once. Similarly, the four fans 209 they are activated all at once, that is, or all are activated or none.

Laser transmitter and transmitter control unit 11

The laser transmitter apparatus 11 emits a signal light laser modulated in binary format with specifications of the IEEE802.3 FX 100/1000 series transmission standard. The figure 33 shows the functional block diagram of the transmitting device 11, as disclosed in the Spanish patent application P201100112. It consists of a solid state laser diode 183, whose emission characteristics may be in the length range wavelength ranging from the visible spectrum (680 nm) to the infrared far (15 micrometers), with the possibility of switching over 1 Gbps and with powers between 5 and 50 milliwatts (lasers class 3). These ranges are consistent with the laser transmission in free space. The laser diode 183 contains in its capsule a 183 'photodiode that allows measurement of beam irradiance emitted laser. In the embodiment presented and without subtracting In general, a VCSEL vertical cavity laser diode has been used multimode with annular irradiance of a wavelength of 850 nm and maximum irradiance of 10 milliwatts.

The laser transmitter device has been implemented in an electronic circuit whose components are interconnected on a 237 double-sided printed circuit board with FR4 specification. Circuit elements can be grouped by functionalities existing the possibility of performing the same functions with different circuit elements considering the possibilities offered by different manufacturers. The realization presented is a particular case not subtracting generality to functions claimed.

The laser transmitter apparatus implements the following elements:

- A 255 driver with differential input that allows to define the state of polarization and modulation of the diode laser using controlled current sources while the sense of the photodiode current, polarization and modulation. The driver also has a comparator that sets a safety current limit. The driver sets the required power under the control of a microcontroller.

- A differential input stage 238, 238 ', 256 formed by an amplifier-comparator or shaper and a level adapter.

- A set of filters 259, 260, 261 and 257, 258 DAC and ADC converters to process the input signals and driver output under the control of a microcontroller 230.

- A microcontroller 230 that manages the input and output signals in three loops: thermal, of polarization and modulation.

- A pre-regulation circuit 253, 245, 80 prior to a set of low noise power supplies (263, 264, 265, 266) dedicated ad-hoc to specific functional elements.

- A power control circuit (231, 232, 233, 234) which allows to change the direction of the current in the peltier cells of a symmetric flow thermoregulator 10 under the 230 microcontroller control.

The microcontroller 230 has input and output connections that allow it to monitor its status (239, 240, 241, 242, 243); establish its initial conditions 244; communicate via the standard I2C bus with other microcontrollers in master-slave mode 248; input-output actions on-off 249, 250; 251 connections with external temperature sensors to the transmitting device and a serial input-output connector for external programming
252

Figure 34A illustrates the previous view, without subtract generality, from one embodiment of the laser transmitter apparatus 11 consisting of a laser diode 183 containing a photodiode 183 'sensor inserted into a 236 socket that connects it to the card printed circuit 237. The differential input signal to transmit is injected through the two BNC connectors (238, 238 ') from the BNC connectors of the multiport switch and medium converter (7), 123, 124. The luminescent diode 239 indicates, if it looks, the exceeding of the polarization current limit on the laser diode. This threshold signal acts on the microcontroller generating an interruption and executing a alarm program The light emitting diode 240 indicates the condition of preregulator on. The luminescent diodes (241, 242, 243) monitor the state of the microcontroller in test tasks. The button 244 activates the microcontroller reset signal for Restart its functions. Connectors 245 and 246 are the inputs of the two independent power supplies: a source of power supply from the power supply multiple 5 through connectors 71, 72 for the circuit thermal control and thermoregulator, and other source of 253 low noise pre-regulation (noise less than 10 millivolts), also connected to multiple power supply 5 through of connector 80. Connector 247 is a power outlet controlled for thermoregulator peltier cells. He microcontroller has the possibility to communicate with others microcontrollers in master-slave modes via a standard I2C 248 bus and control signals 249, 250. The connector 251 receives the signals from the temperature sensors and the connector 252 allows serial programming of the microcontroller. He preregulator 253 regulates input voltage 247 prior to successive stages of low noise. The microcontroller activates its Time circuits using glass 254.

Figure 34B illustrates the rear view of the laser transmitter apparatus consisting of driver 255 of the laser diode with photodiode, the differential shaper of the input signal and 256 level adapter, the "power DAC converters required "257 e" required modulation index "258, the Low pass filters of the "modulation current" 259, "laser polarization current", 260 and "current of the photodiode ", 261. The microcontroller 230, the circuits of thermoregulator power control: 231 power inverter, 232 and 233 activation control and peripheral transistors 234. The circuit 262 generates the reference level for ADC converters of microcontroller 230. Finally, the regulators of Low noise for DAC filters and converters, 263, input stage 265, and drivers (266, 267). The low noise regulators and voltage reference generate noise levels less than 10 microvolts Conventional regulator 264 supplies a voltage stable for microcontroller 230.

Figures 34A and 34B show two views of the laser transmitter apparatus with symmetric flow thermoregulator 10. The thermoregulator 10 contains a refrigerated die that adapts to the TO46 capsule of the laser diode used in this embodiment.

Laser receiver and receiver control unit 12

The object of the receiving device based on avalanche photodiode with embedded control is receiving a binary format modulated laser signal with the Standard specifications for IEEE802.3 FX series reception 100/1000

Figure 36 shows the functional block diagram of the receiver apparatus, such as that disclosed in Spanish patent application P201100113. It consists of a solid state avalanche photodiode 268 whose reception characteristics may be in the range of wavelengths ranging from the visible spectrum (680 nm) to the far infrared (15 micrometers), with bandwidth above 1 Gbps and with programmable sensitivity between 0.5 and 50 Amps / Watt (0? M ( V pot)? 100).

The photodiode-based receiver apparatus of avalanche has been implemented in an electronic circuit whose components are interconnected in a circuit board 270 double-sided print with FR4 specification. The elements of circuit can be grouped by functionalities existing the possibility of performing the same functions with different elements circuit considering the possibilities offered by different Manufacturers The embodiment presented is a particular case not subtracting generality to the functions that are claimed.

The functions that the based receiver implements in avalanche photodiode object of this invention are the following:

- A 294 low noise high voltage generator with a voltage controllable by means of a 230 'microcontroller between 0 and 150 Volts.

- A 295 log amplifier with a precision current reference 297 that processes the photocurrent of the avalanche photodiode in a range of five decades between 5 nA and 500 uA being filtered and sent to 230 'microcontroller for evaluation.

- A differential transimpedance amplifier 299 with autocero 300 that transforms the photocurrent of the photodiode of avalanche in phototension adapting it to a range between microvolts and volts eliminating the current component continuous due to unmodulated light sources.

- A driver 301 that collects the signal from simple output phototension and transform it to differential output to attack a 303 programmable gain amplifier under the 230 'microcontroller control.

- An RMS 302 mean square value detector which estimates the average power of the modulating signal received for send it to the 230 'microcontroller for evaluation.

- A differential output stage 304, 271, 271 ' formed by a pulse shaper, level adapter and adapter of impedances.

- Two DAC 306, 308 converters that allow, under the control of the 230 'microcontroller, the programming of the high voltage applied to the polarization circuit of the photodiode of Avalanche and programming of the voltage gain of the stage final amplification of the demodulated signal, respectively.

- The 230 'microcontroller, which manages the Input and output signals and closes three basic loops: thermal, of photosensitivity and RMS gain.

- A pre-regulation circuit 279-279 'prior to a set of low noise power supplies (293, 298, 305, 307, 313, 309, 310, 311, 312) dedicated ad-hoc to specific functional elements.

- A power control circuit 231 ', 232', 233 ', 234' which allows to change the direction of the current in the peltier cells of a 10 'symmetric flow thermoregulator under the 230 'microcontroller control.

The 230 'microcontroller has connections of input and output that allow you to monitor its status 272, 273, 274, 275; establish its initial conditions 288; communicate to via the standard I2C bus with other microcontrollers in mode master-slave 282, 283; actions of input-output on-off 280, 281, 284; connections 286 with temperature sensors 210 ', 214' external to the transmitter apparatus and a 285 connector of serial input-output for programming external

Figure 37A illustrates the previous view, without subtract generally from an embodiment of the receiving apparatus 12 which consists of an avalanche photodiode 268 inserted into a socket 269 which connects it with the printed circuit board 270. The signal from differential output is received through the two BNC connectors 271-271 'and is sent, via coaxial, to the BNC input of the media converter and converter (7), 125, 126. The diode luminescent 272 indicates the pre-regulator ignition condition. The luminescent diodes 273, 274, and 275 monitor the state of the microcontroller in test tasks. Connectors 276 and 278 are the inputs of the two independent power supplies: one power source 71, 72 from the power supply multiple 5, for the thermal control circuit and the thermoregulator, and other symmetric source 78, 79 (curly less than 10 millivolts) also from the power supply multiple 5, for the pre-regulation circuit. The 277 connector is a controlled power outlet for the peltier cells of the thermoregulator The preregulators 279-279 ' regulate symmetric input voltage 78, 79 prior to successive stages of low noise. The microcontroller has the possibility to communicate with other microcontrollers in modes master-slave via a standard I2C 282 bus, 283 and control signals 280, 281 and 287. Connector 285 allows the serial programming of the microcontroller. Connector 286 receives the temperature sensor signals 214 ', 210'. The 288 button activates the microcontroller reset signal to reset its functions. The microcontroller activates its time circuits by glass 289. The jumper connectors 290, 291 and 292 have manual programming functions in the generator circuits of High voltage and programmable gain amplifier.

Figure 37B illustrates the rear view of the receiver apparatus consisting of the 294 high voltage generator with its 293 low noise power supply, the amplifier logarithmic 295 with its current reference 297 and its source of low symmetric noise 298, 305. The amplifier output Logarithmic 295 is taken to microcontroller 230 'after being filtered with a low pass filter 296 of 10 Hz. avalanche photodiode is amplified to transimpedance in 299 the continuous component in the autozero circuit being eliminated 300 and converted to differential in driver 301. The signal is amplified in programmable gain amplifier 303 under the 230 'microcontroller control and calculated its quadratic value medium or RMS on the RMS 302 detector. The shaper output stage, level and impedance adapter is performed in circuit 304 the differential output being the BNC connectors 271-271 '. On the other hand, the control circuits of thermoregulator power: 231 'and 232' power inverter, 233 'activation control and 234' peripheral transistors.

Low noise regulators generate levels of noise less than 10 microvolts. These low noise regulators feed the high voltage generator 293, to the DAC converters, (307, 313), to the logarithmic amplifier and RMS detector (298, 305), to the transimpedance amplifier (309, 310) and to the driver simple-differential, gain amplifier programmable and output stage (311, 312). Conventional regulator 314 supplies a stable voltage to the microcontroller 230 '. The DAC 306 and 308 converters generate the actuation signals for the 294 high voltage generator and gain amplifier programmable 303, respectively.

Figures 38A and 38B show two views of the receiver apparatus based on avalanche photodiode with a 10 'symmetric flow thermoregulator and 166' optical system that focuses the light signal from an optical duplexer 9 directing it towards avalanche photodiode 268 by a fiber of polymer 173. The 10 'thermoregulator contains a refrigerated die that fits the T005 capsule of the avalanche photodiode used In this embodiment. The 10 'thermoregulator has two sensors temperature 214 ', 210' located in the hot and cold foci of the peltier cells that connect to the microcontroller 230 'through the connector 286. A thermoregulator control circuit 231 ', 232', 233 'and 234' allow, under the control of the 230 'microcontroller, supply current in both directions to perform work of thermal regulation

Tracking System 13

The laser beam tracking system confronted based on embedded control is aimed at effective and permanent establishment of high communications speed realized in the free space by the transceivers of An optical communication network. Figure 39 shows a diagram schematic of the monitoring system, such as the one disclosed in the Spanish patent application P201100111, indicating the elements functionalities involved in the intelligent optical transceiver 1. Figure 40 shows the elements of two tracking devices 13, 13 ', each installed in an optical transceiver (1, 1'), with facing laser beams as they are located in remote places to the establishment of simultaneous monitoring of both devices. The laser beam 158 is sent by the tracking device 13 'and received by the tracking device 13. The laser beam 158 'is sent by the tracking device 13 and received by the device 13 'optical transceiver tracking. It is established from this way simultaneous monitoring of the two laser beams 158-158 'when both devices run separately The follow-up procedure presented here.

The functional block diagram of the tracking system comprises a guiding apparatus 8 that allows angular precision movement of elevation and azimuth by means of a mechanical system and two actuator motors, an optical duplexer 9 that allows the treatment of emitted polarized laser beams 158 'and received 158 by a laser transmitter 11 and a receiver 12 based on avalanche photodiode, respectively. A control circuit 18, governed by a microcontroller 324, processes the power received by the receiver P r (\ theta_ {r}, \ varphi_ {r}) dependent on the angular position \ theta_ {r}, \ varphi_ {r}, of the guiding apparatus 8 on which the optical duplexer 9 is located. The control circuit 18 acts at the same time the motors that fix said position through two power driver circuits 19, 19 '. The control circuit 18 thus forms a control loop composed of the received power (sensor) and the action on the angular positions on which it depends (actuation).

Figures 41A and 41B show two views of the arrangement of the elements that constitute the system of follow-up 13. The guidance device 8 supports the duplexer 9 containing the transmitting device 11. Receiver 12 receives the signal provided by the duplexer 9 and sends it to the circuit control 18. This one, after executing the tracking algorithm that here it is presented, it acts on the lifting and azimuth motors of the guidance apparatus through power driver circuits 19, 19 '.

Figures 42A, 42B and 42C show views details of the elements that make up the control circuit 18 (Figures 42A and 42B) and driver circuits of engines 19, 19 ' (Figure 42C); a driver for each of the engines (an engine for the elevation coordinate \ theta, another engine for the coordinate of azimuth \ varphi). The elements of the control circuit 18 are have implemented in a 315 printed circuit board of FR4 feature. Microcontroller 324 receives power by connectors 319 being regulated by a voltage regulator 232. Luminescent diode 316 indicates the condition of functioning. The 317 light emitting diodes monitor the state of microcontroller 324 under different actions. 320 button establishes the initial condition of microcontroller 324. The time circuits are activated by crystal 321. Programming The microcontroller 324 is set using a serial connector 322. Connection paths 318 allow the microcontroller to be communicated 324 with the motor driver circuits 19, 19 'and through the I2C standard be part of a microcontroller structure in master-slave condition. Microcontroller 324 is combined with a series of switching circuits 325 to properly perform control functions. Each circuit driver (19, 19 ') consists of an integrated driver 326 formed by power transistors that act on the windings of the stepper motors of the guidance device through connector 327. The power supply for the motors is carried out through the 328 power connector and communications with the circuit control 18 are established by connection paths 329.

We present below the procedure of detailed tracking executed by microcontroller 324. It previously list the parameters and variables involved in the same:

n is the current iteration number.

h _ {theta} is the increase with respect to the current local position of the elevation coordinate the. This parameter is a constant.

h _ {\ varphi} is the increase with respect to the current local position of the azimuth coordinate \ varphi. This parameter is a constant.

h is a constant parameter that allows to accelerate the location of the maximum.

\ varepsilon is the squared module of the estimated gradient that indicates how closely the system is maximum. It is a variable.

\ varepsilon_ {min} is a constant parameter which indicates the tolerance at the maximum position.

n_MAX is a constant parameter that indicates the maximum number of iterations that can be performed without activating a failed tracking alarm.

\ phi ^ {n} _ {r} and \ phi ^ {n} _ {r} respectively store the elevation angle \ theta and azimuth \ phi in step n - th, respectively.

\ delta ^ {n + 1} _ {\ theta} and \ delta ^ {n + 1} _ {\ varphi} store the increment that, from the current position, must be made in the elevation angle? and in the of azimuth \ varphi, respectively, to approximate the maximum in the n + 1 - th iteration.

The tracking process, each sampling time interval T repeats {m} is as follows:

0. Initialization of variables:

\ varepsilon > \ varepsilon_ {min}

n = 1.

1. Loop: iterate the following steps as long as the maximum is not reached (\ varepsilon> \ varepsilon_ {min}) and the maximum number of iterations is not exceeded ( n < n_MAX ).

2.

Acquisition of the local value of the power received in step n - th :

2.1.

From the current position (then} _ {r}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r}), acquire P n {r} (\n} _ {r}, var n).

2.2.

Position the system in (then} _ {r} + h _ {\ theta}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r}), acquire P <n> _ {r} (\ theta ^ { n} r + h n {r}, \ varphi <{r}).

2.3.

Position the system in (then} _ {r} - h _ {\ theta}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r}), acquire P <n> _ {r} (\ theta ^ { n} r - h {\ theta}, \ varphi ^ {r}).

2.4.

Position the system in (then} _ {r}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r} + h _ {\ varphi}), acquire P <n> _ {r} (\ theta ^ { n} r, \ varphi n r + h _ {\ varphi}).

2.5

Position the system in (then} _ {r}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r} -h _ {\ varphi}), acquire P <n> _ {r} (\ theta ^ { n} r, \ varphi n {r} - h _ {\ varphi}).

3.

Gradient vector estimation through central differences:

3.1.

\ nabla_ {n} _ {\ theta} = ( P n} _ {r} (the n} _ {r} + h _ {\ theta}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r }) - P ^ {n} _ {r} (\ theta ^ {n} _ {r} - h _ {\ theta}, \ phi ^ {n} _ {r})) / (2 \ · h {\ theta}).

3.2.

\ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ varphi} = ( P ^ {n} {{r} (\ theta ^ {n} _ {r}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r} + h _ {\ varphi }) - P ^ {n} _ {r} (\ theta ^ {n} _ {r}, \ phi ^ {n} _ {r} - h _ {\ phi})) / (2 \ · h {\ varphi}).

3.3.

The estimated gradient vector is \ nabla P n = (\ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ theta}, \ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ varphi}).

Four.

Position update on course:

4.1.

δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ theta} = h \ cdot \ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ theta}.

4.2.

δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ varphi} = h \ cdot \ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ varphi}.

4.3.

Position the system in (\ theta ^ {n} _ {r} + \ delta ^ {n + 1} _ {\ theta}, \ varphi ^ {r} + δ n + 1} {{var).

5.

Update of:

\ varepsilon = (\ nabla ^ {\ theta}) 2 + (\ nabla _ {\ varphi}) 2.

n = n + 1.

6.

End loop

7.

Evaluation of the exit condition: Activate failed tracking condition if n > n_MAX , indicating that the tracking could not be performed correctly. Otherwise the maximum was reached.

Indoor air conditioning system 14

The air conditioning system interior 14 of the optical transceiver 1 is structurally formed inside the cover 4 and the base 3 that are insulated from the outside according to IP66 (Figures 6, 7 and Figure 43). The isolated air inside moves through the action of the turbine 42 through a closed conditioning duct that begins in the two holes of the base 3, one air outlet 40 and the other 40 'input. The air inlet port 40 communicates with the duct 49, this one with turbine 42, this one in turn with the 50 'heat exchanger and the latter with conduit 46 which finally flows into the air inlet hole 40 'after pass through the air filter 41. Thus, the air inside the Deck 4 follows a closed recirculation path.

The 50 'heat exchanger forms the focus cold an active heat pump formed by a peltier cell 51 whose 50 'hot and 50 hot spots exchange heat with the air insulated from inside cover and outside air respectively. The outside air enters turbine 43 and passes through the hot spot 50 of the peltier cell 51 absorbing heat and returning back to the outside through conduit 47 on the part front of the transceiver 1.

The peltier cell 51 is the heat pump of the conditioning system The heat exchangers of the pump 50 (hot spot) and 50 '(cold spot), are in the inside ducts 46 and 47. Environment to the exchanger 50 'in the cold focus, the conduit 46 forms two inclined planes in which the condenser-evaporator 48 is composed of an absorbent suede with one of its faces in contact with the Exterior.

The operation of turbines 42, 43 and the peltier cell 51 is carried out by system control supervisor 6 who feels the temperature of the indoor air at the same time 37 and exterior 45.

The conditioning system control of the indoor air is carried out by the supervisory system 6 which It has the 114 and 115 drivers that allow you to activate or deactivate the turbines 42, 43; the driver 113 that activates or deactivates the cell peltier 51 and read the indoor and outdoor 37 temperature sensors 45. The thermal control algorithm that runs the microcontroller 109 of the supervisory system is performed at regular intervals of time that verify the Nyquist criterion.

Qualitatively, the operation of the indoor air conditioning system is based on the extraction of dissolved water in the indoor air by reducing its temperature. In the initial cycles of operation of the system, the indoor air is cooled causing the dissolved water to condense in the condenser-evaporator 48 consisting of an absorbent chamois with one of its faces in contact with the outside. The cold focus of the pump 50 'condenses the dissolved water on one of the faces of the suede. On the other side of the suede the water evaporates outwards. After a relatively small time, the indoor recirculation air is practically dry and will remain so if the insulation with the outside is adequate. On the other hand, the air filter retains the particles contained in the indoor air and a similar process occurs. After a certain time, if the insulation is sufficient, the indoor air will be free of particles. Once this initial cleaning process has occurred, it will be a matter of thermally conditioning the indoor air. Known external temperature T {ext} and thermal strip \ Delta T = T {h} - T _ {c} of the peltier cell may lower the indoor air temperature to the temperature T {int min } - {T ext} - \ Delta T, the upper limit precisely the external temperature T ext {}.

Therefore, the conditioning algorithm of indoor air has two phases: drying and cleaning phase, and phase of thermal conditioning

A particular embodiment of this algorithm that no general subtraction is:

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1. Drying and cleaning phase

-

Indoor air cooling, condensation-evaporation of dissolved water and particle filtering

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Description

to.

Minimize heat production inside deactivating all the transceiver elements that generate heat: motors, thermoregulators, transmitter and receiver.

b.

Activate peltier cell 51 to its maximum current (maximum cooling) and turbines 42 and 43.

C.

Maintain the recirculation situation for a sufficient time (15 to 30 minutes).

d.

Activate all the elements of the transceiver in normal operation.

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2. Thermal conditioning phase

-

Temperature control loop to be performed at regular intervals t _ {m} seconds verifying the sampling theorem.

to.

Read the outside temperature: T ext of the outer thermometer 45 and store it as the upper allowable level.

b.

Set target indoor temperature: T {int \ _obj} \ _ {? T ext} - \ Delta T, where \ Delta T = T {h} - {c} T thermal strip of the peltier cell.

C.

Read the inside temperature T int of the indoor thermometer 37.

d.

Compare the target temperature with the indoor temperature:

d1.

If T int \obob < T int}, activate the peltier cell 51 and the turbines 42 and 43.

Back to line c.

d2.

If T int \ obj ≥ T int, deactivate the peltier cell 51 and the turbines 42 and 43.

Back to line c.

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Predictive anti-fog system 15

The device and a procedure are used here predictive anti-fog 15 that is anticipated in the performance of mechanisms that lower the dew temperature around surfaces locally exposed to outdoor environments in which the condensation. The functional block diagram of the anti-fogging device predictive is shown in Figure 44, as disclosed in the Spanish patent application P201001620. This consists of a sensor of relative air humidity 44, an air temperature sensor 45 and a temperature sensor 58 of object 57 to avoid fog deposition The sensors (44, 45, 58) are read by the supervisor system 6 which, after executing the anticipation algorithm or prediction, activated by drivers to an actuator 59 that modifies the properties of the surrounding air lowering its relative humidity and dew point and increasing the temperature of the object. The dew temperature is a direct function of the temperature of a mass of air and its relative humidity according to the expression:

9

Expression indicating that, knowing the temperature T of an arbitrary air mass and its relative humidity H r, it is possible to calculate the temperature T r below which that air will begin to condense the water vapor that contains The non-condensing condition is given by:

10

To maintain this condition you can follow two actions:

one.

Decrease the relative humidity of the air surrounding the object:

to)

Eliminating the water it has dissolved.

b)

Heating the air.

2.

Increase the temperature of object.

Figure 7 and Figure 45 show a realization of the anti-fogging device in the viewfinder of the optical transceiver 1, together with an exploded view of the actuator 59. The box of the optical system has been made generating a cavity in volume at glass visor 57, where mist deposition should be avoided. The cover plate 52 together with cover 53 of cover 4 they form a cavity that wraps glass visor 57. To minimize heat transfer by conduction between aluminum and the glass has been inserted between them a crown 56 of a material heat insulator, for example polycarbonate. The actuator 59, located at a small distance (for example, about 5 mm) from the cover 53 and with an angle of about 30º with respect to this one, generates unidirectional heat on the metal surface 330 made in aluminum or copper on which an electrical resistance adheres zigzag 332 heater covering its entire surface. The part rear of the heating electric heater 332 is attached to a thermal insulating sheet 333 (in a preferred embodiment of polypropylene) with an aluminum coating to reflect the heat generated by radiation to surface 330. The sheet 334 rear polycarbonate and brackets 335-335 'complete the structure of the actuator 59. The visor-shaped cavity creates a local confinement of the air.

\hbox{relativa), a la vez que ha calentado la superficie del
objeto 57 a evitar la deposición de vaho.}

The confined air is heated by the actuator 59 at an angle less than 45 degrees with the vertical. The optimum inclination allows the maximum thermal exchange between the heating sheet 330 and the air, and depends on the size and power of the heating sheet used (the width of the sheet and its temperature), usually between 30 and 45 degrees. The temperature of the unidirectional heating sheet 330 must be relatively high to facilitate heat exchange with cold air (eg more than 70 ° and less than 100 ° C to avoid phase changes). Thus, the air that touches the hot surface, heats up and decreases its density causing a convection current inside the cavity. After a few seconds the air in the cavity has increased its temperature (decreasing its humidity

 \ hbox {relative), while heating the surface of the
object 57 to avoid vapor deposition.} 

In the presented embodiment of the apparatus outdoor anti-fog, the temperature of the heating sheet Unidirectional 330 is in the environment of 80 ° C. In an environment simulated static air at 12ºC and 70% humidity (temperature of dew of 6.7ºC), assumed the initial temperature of the box and viewfinder of 5 ° C; that is, by checking the condition of vapor deposition, the simulator calculates the stationary response (thermodynamics of equilibrium), showing the following results (Figures 46A, 46B, 46C and 46D):

1. Unidirectional heating sheet 330, heated at 80 ° C, generates a convective forced air flow with maximum speeds of 0.3 m / s in a section of about 5 mm passing between the sheet and the cover running the laminar viewfinder (Figure 46A).

2. In a few seconds, all the air inside of the cavity is at an average temperature of 18 ° C. The viewfinder 57, initially at 5 ° C, is heated by presenting a map of isotherms at temperatures of the order of 10ºC above the temperature initial (Figure 46B).

3. The relative humidity of the surface air of the low viewfinder of the order of 30 percentage points compared to the Initial relative relative humidity. So the temperature of dew drops to 4.1 ° C (18 ° C - 40%) (Figure 46C).

4. With the viewfinder at 18º and with an air at 40% of medium relative humidity is impossible to vapor deposition such as shows the mass fraction map of condensed water in the viewfinder surface (Figure 46D).

The prediction or anticipation algorithm Detailed anti-fog executed by supervisor system 6 is described then showing its data flow diagram in the Figure 47

The measurement and calculation variables is performed by the microcontroller at regular intervals t _ {m} seconds. These intervals verify the Nyquist theorem and are calculated based on a study of the evolution of the relative temperatures and humidity that occur in the environment where the predictive anti-fogging apparatus is located (intervals between a few seconds and several minutes).

Description of variables and parameters

-

Measurement period: t _ {m}

-

Binary actuator activation variable: A

-

Relative humidity of the air: H a

-

Air temperature: T a

-

Object temperature (viewfinder): T_ {o}

-

Dew Temperature: T r

-

Constant value parameter representing the safety margin expressed in degrees Celsius: δ T.

According to the flowchart of Figure 48 the procedure is repeated every t seconds _ {m} and can be a predetermined or variable or constant time value, is:

S0.

Initialization of variables:

-

Set the parameter of the safety thermal margin δ T

-

Pin up the variables to an initial value.

S1.

Data acquisition:

-

Acquire the value of the air temperature: T a

-

Acquire the value of the relative humidity of the air: H a

-

Acquire the temperature value of the object: T o.

S2

Dew temperature calculation according to expression (Ec.9):

-

Calculate dew temperature: T r

S3

Comparison of dew temperature plus margin Safety with object temperature:

-

If T o ≥ T r + δ T , deactivate the actuator and return to S1.

-

If T_ {o} < T r} + δ T , activate the actuator and return to S1.

The conditions to verify to activate and / or deactivating the actuator may be different ones, as per example:

-

If T o <2 • T r, activate the actuator and return to S1.

-

The deactivation ( A = 0) could be manual, and not automatic, or with other different conditions and / or safety margins.

Claims (31)

1. Intelligent laser-based optical transceiver not guided in free space, characterized in that said transceiver (1) comprises a component support base (3) and a cover (4) that form a rigid structure where the following components are housed of the transceiver (1):

-

a multiple power supply (5) responsible for providing the electric power to the transceiver (1);

-

a supervisor system (6) responsible for establishing tasks of two-way communication of the transceiver (1), between its slave and external microcontrollers adapting the format of data to a standard format;

-

a multiport switch and media converter (7) that allows the transceiver (1) connecting multiple optical transceivers in a same node while converting them into a serial format for a laser transmitter (11) and a receiver (12) based on photodiode of avalanche;

-

a motorized micrometric guidance device (8) that allows the precise positioning of laser beams sent and received by the optical transceiver (1);

-

a optical duplexer (9) that allows the optical transceiver (1) the transmission and reception of laser beams using a single axis optical;

-

a laser transmitter (11) responsible for generating a laser beam and that It has a control system that manages the power transmitted, modulation index and thermal state of a diode solid state laser (183);

-

a receiver (12) responsible for receiving a modulated laser beam and that It has a control system that manages the sensitivity, gain and thermal status of an avalanche photodiode (268) of solid state;

-

two symmetric flow regulators (10, 10 ') to maintain a stable thermal state in the laser diode (183) of the transmitter (11) and in the avalanche photodiode (268) of the receiver (12), respectively.

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2. Smart optical transceiver according to the claim 1, comprising a communications structure nested based on the I2C BUS (20) that interconnects a supervisor master processor (109) and three slave processors (109, 230, 230 ') that execute specific tasks, channeling all the information to make it accessible to the WAN network independently geographical in order to facilitate programming, the monitoring and remote maintenance. 3. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the switch multiport and media converter (7) comprises:

-

two twisted pair output ports with IEEE 802.3 TX 100/1000 format (120, 121), which allow connection to the WAN network and to another possible homologous transceiver to constitute a multiple node transceivers;

-

a twisted pair port (122) that communicates the WAN network with the system supervisor (6) providing a web page of the optical transceiver (1), together with complementary applications;

-

a serial port with standard IEEE 802.3 FX 100/1000 format that allows the data output to the laser transmitter (11) and the input of data from the receiver (12);

-

a registered MAC address that allows univocally differentiate the optical transceiver (1) in a transceiver network interconnected

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4. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising an anchor to wall with a thick orientation mechanism (2). 5. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the guiding apparatus motorized micrometer (8) comprises:

-

a tie down bracket (138) ready to hold the optical duplexer (9) and to the laser transmitter (11);

-

media electromechanics responsible for operating the mooring support (138), allowing its rotation around an azimuth axis (150) and an axis of elevation (151) independently, said means comprising electromechanical:

?

a lifting motor (136), of type step by step, responsible for supplying the driving force used for turning the mooring support (138) around the axis of elevation (151);

?

means of transmission of the driving force of the lifting motor (136) responsible for producing, for each step of the lifting motor (136), a rotation of the support of mooring (138) around the lifting axis (151);

?

an azimuth motor (137), of type step by step, responsible for supplying the driving force used for turning the mooring support (138) around the azimuth axis (150);

?

means of transmission of the driving force of the azimuth motor (137) responsible for producing, for each step of the azimuth motor (137), a turn of the mooring bracket (138) around the azimuth axis (150);

-

media limit switches to delimit the rotation of the tie down support (138) around the lifting axis (151) and the axis azimuth (150);

-

a microcontroller (324) responsible for controlling the motors of elevation (136) and azimuth (137).

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6. Smart optical transceiver according to the previous claim, wherein the transmission means of the driving force of the lifting motor (136) comprises:

-

a lifting screw (142) that turns integral to the shaft (152) of the lifting motor (136);

-

a helical lifting crown (143) that engages with the screw without end of lift (142) and responsible for producing the rotation of a bolt lifting (144) around a lifting traction axis (153);

-

he lifting bolt (144), with a threaded part;

-

a lifting traction nut (145) threaded to the lifting bolt (144), said nut being cylindrical and with a groove in the axis of the cylinder;

-

a lifting rod (146), having at its free end a guide (149) for adjusting the groove of the drive nut lift (145), said lifting rod being configured (146) to produce the rotation of the mooring support (138) around the axis of lift (151) when there is a displacement of the nut lifting traction (145).

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7. Smart optical transceiver according to the previous claim, wherein the number of steps per lap of the lifting motor (136), the thread pitch of the lifting bolt (144), the number of teeth of the lifting helical crown (143) and the lifting rod distance, defined as the distance between the lift shaft (151) and the traction nut of elevation (145), are configured so that for each motor step lifting (136) the rotation of the mooring support (138) around the lifting shaft (151) is less than 2 microradianes. 8. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the optical duplexer (9) includes:

-

a catadioptric reflector tube (161) for laser beam reception received (158 ') and transmitted laser beam transmission (158); Y

-

a optical system comprising:

?

a polarizing prism (169), Manager:

-

split the transmitted laser beam (2SP), from the laser transmitter (11), in two beams (2P, 2S) linearly polarized in perpendicular planes, directing only the reflected component (2S) towards the reflector catadioptric (161);

-

split the received laser beam (2'SP), from the catadioptric reflector (161), in two beams (2'P, 2'S) linearly polarized in perpendicular planes, directing only the refracted component (2'P) destined for the receiver (12); Y

?

a divergent lens (170) located between the polarizing prism (169) and the reflector catadioptric (161) and in charge of:

-

receive the reflected component (2S) of transmitted laser beam (2SP) from the polarizing prism (169) and adapt it to the focal plane of the catadioptric reflector (161);

-

receive and collimate the received laser beam (2'SP) from the catadioptric reflector (161) and direct it to the polarizing prism (169).

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         \ global \ parskip0.900000 \ baselineskip
      

9. Smart optical transceiver according to the claim 8, wherein the optical system of the optical duplexer (9) additionally includes:

?

at least one first mirror deflected surface of the transmitted beam (167), responsible for directing the transmitted laser beam (2SP), coming from the laser transmitter (11), to the polarizing prism (169);

?

at least one first mirror deflector surface of the received beam (167 '), responsible for directing the refracted component (2'P) of the received laser beam (2'SP), from the polarizing prism (169), to the receiver (12).

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10. Smart optical transceiver according any of claims 8 to 9, wherein the reflector tube Catadioptric (161) comprises:

-

a primary mirror (174) in the form of a mobile circular crown through a cylindrical support (179) that is displaced by the action of a screw (163) through a hollow tube (177) through which they run Simultaneously transmitted and received laser beams;

-

a secondary mirror (175); Y

-

a meniscus corrective lens (176).

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11. Smart optical transceiver according any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the distribution of irradiance of the laser beams transmitted (158) and received (158 ') It is circular or annular crown shaped. 12. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each symmetric flow thermoregulator (10, 10 ') comprises:

-

a metallic die (220) in charge of housing in its central axis a electronic device with regular cylindrical geometry thermally, selected from the laser diode (183) of the transmitter (11) or the avalanche photodiode (268) of the receiver (12);

-

four peltier cells (218), each with a first face in contact with each outer side of the metal die (220), responsible for exchange heat with the die (220);

-

a heat exchanger responsible for exchanging heat with the peltier cells (218), comprising four heatsinks (209), each in thermal contact with the second face of each peltier cell (218);

-

media of measuring the temperature of the die (214);

-

media of heat exchanger temperature measurement (210);

-

a peltier cell controller (231-231 ', 232-232 ', 233-233', 234-234 ', components located on the cards printed circuit of the transmitter (11) and receiver (12)), which allows control of the current flowing through the cells peltier (218) and its sense of movement;

-

media data processing (230, 230 '), responsible for receiving the temperatures of the die (220) and heat exchanger and control through the peltier cell controller (231-231 ', 232-232', 233-233 ', 234-234', components located on the transmitter's printed circuit boards (11) and of the receiver (12) that make up the schematic diagram of Figure 31), the current of the peltier cells (218) and their sense of circulation to maintain die temperature (220) regulated.

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13. Smart optical transceiver according to claim 12, wherein the heat exchanger of each symmetric flow regulator (10, 10 ') comprises a frame (217), the four peltier cells (218) being attached each on the second face on each inner side of the frame (217) and the four heatsinks (209) attached each to each side external frame (217). 14. Smart optical transceiver according any of claims 12 to 13, wherein each symmetric flow thermoregulator (10, 10 ') comprises additionally four fans (208), each facing each heatsink (209), the data processing means (230, 230 ') responsible for controlling said fans (208); and where the data processing means (230, 230 ') are configured to effect the thermoregulation of the die (220) in closed loop, for which said data processing means (230, 230 ') They are configured to:

         \ global \ parskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
      

to-

pin up the target temperature of the die (220);

b-

pin up the value of the error variable;

C-

get the temperature of the dice (220);

d-

get the temperature of heat exchanger (209);

and-

calculate the thermal performance range of the peltier cells (218);

\ text {*}

if the target temperature of the die and the fans are not activated (208), activate them and re-measure the temperature of the die (220) and of the exchanger to recalculate the thermal strip of ΔT performance;

\ text {*}

if the fans (208) and the target temperature is not achieved, change the target temperature of the die and re-measure the temperature of the die (220) and the exchanger to calculate the fringe again thermal actuation ΔT;

F-

yes the target temperature of the die (220) is within the thermal range of performance, compare the temperature of the die (220) with the target temperature;

g-

act on peltier cells (218), heating or cooling the die (220) as appropriate until the thermal difference between the target temperature of the die (220) and the measured temperature of the die (220) reaches the value of the variable of previously fixed error;

h-

set the value of the variable again of error and repeat the process.

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15. Smart optical transceiver according any of claims 12 to 14, wherein each symmetric flow thermoregulator (10, 10 ') comprises additionally a plurality of thermal insulators (219, 222, 223, 224, 225) that make up an adiabatic cavity on the die metallic (220). 16. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the transmitter (11) It is configured to subject the laser diode (183) to three loops of control regulated by a microcontroller (230):

-

a thermal control loop responsible for maintaining stable, at a value determined by the microcontroller (230), the temperature of the diode laser (183), said thermal control loop comprising a thermoregulator (10) with temperature sensing means (214, 210) connected to the microcontroller (230) and a control circuit of the thermoregulator (231, 232, 233, 234) controlled by the microcontroller (230);

-

a light control loop responsible for maintaining stable, at a value determined by the microcontroller (230), the beam irradiance laser emitted by the laser diode (183), said loop comprising light control:

?

the sensor photodiode (183 '), photodiode current sensing means connected to the microcontroller (230) to measure emitted irradiance and media Laser polarization current sensors connected to the microcontroller (230); Y

?

a driver (255), by means of a polarization current source controlled by the microcontroller (230), to polarize the laser diode in a state current determined;

-

a modulation index control loop responsible for controlling the modulation depth of the laser beam, said loop comprising modulation index control means current sensors the modulating signal connected to the microcontroller (230) and the driver (255), by means of a modulating current source that acts on the differential torque controlled by the microcontroller (230), to modify the modulation index of the laser beam.

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17. Smart optical transceiver according any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the receiver (12) is configured to subject the avalanche photodiode (268) to three control loops regulated by a microcontroller (230 '):

-

a thermal control loop responsible for maintaining stable, at a value determined by the microcontroller (230 '), the temperature of the avalanche photodiode (268), said control loop comprising thermal a thermoregulator (10 ') with temperature sensing means (214 ', 210') connected to the microcontroller (230 ') and a circuit thermoregulator control (231 ', 232', 233 ', 234') controlled by the microcontroller (230 ');

-

a sensitivity control loop of the photodiode responsible for maintaining stable, at a value determined by the microcontroller (230 '), the photosensitivity of the avalanche photodiode (268), comprising said sensitivity control loop of the photodiode means sensors of the polarization current of the photodiode (268) connected to the microcontroller (230 ') and a high voltage generator (294), controlled by the microcontroller (230 '), to polarize the avalanche photodiode;

-

a RMS gain control loop responsible for controlling the gain and maintain the stability of the signal from the photodiode of avalanche (268) that feeds an output stage (304, 271, 271 '), said RMS gain control loop comprising an amplifier programmable gain (303), controlled by the microcontroller, that feeds the output stage (304, 271, 271 ') and a detector RMS mean square value (302) connected to the microcontroller (230 ') for the estimation of the average power of said signal that feed the output stage (304, 271, 271 ').

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18. Intelligent optical transceiver according to claims 1 to 17, wherein the optical duplexer (9) has a catadioptric reflector tube (161) for receiving the received laser beam (158 ') and transmitting the transmitted laser beam (158); wherein the motorized micrometric guidance apparatus (8) of the catadioptric reflector tube (161) comprises a lifting motor and an azimuth motor for modifying, respectively, the elevation angle? and the azimuth angle? of the catadioptric reflector tube ( 161); and where the receiver (12) is responsible for obtaining the power P r received from the received laser beam (158 '); characterized in that the transceiver (1) comprises a tracking system (13) of polarized laser beams with annular irradiance, said tracking system (13) comprising a control circuit (18) responsible for obtaining the value of the receiving apparatus (12) of the power P r received by it and periodically applying a tracking algorithm, said tracking algorithm comprises
giving:

-

initialize a variable \ varepsilon which represents the estimated value of the squared module of the gradient;

-

iterate while \ varepsilon> \ varepsilon_ {min}, being \ varepsilon_ {min} a default value, the following Steps:

?

acquire the local value of the power received in iteration n,

?

estimate the power gradient vector \ nabla P n {r} = (\ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ theta}, \ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ varphi}) at the current position of the iteration n (n n n var r) respecto with respect to the variation of the angle of elevation the and of azimuth var;

?

get, from said power gradient vector, variations δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ theta} and δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ varphi} at the angle of elevation \ theta and azimuth \ varphi, respectively, which must be done from the current position in the iteration n (\ theta ^ {n} _ {r} \ varphi ^ {r}) to approximate the maximum of power in the next iteration n + 1;

?

act on the engines of lifting and azimuth of the guiding device (8) to position the optical duplexer (9) in position (\ n r + δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ theta}, \ varphi ^ {r} + δ n + 1} ({var));

?

update the estimated value of squared module of the gradient.

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19. Smart optical transceiver according to previous claim, wherein the acquisition of the local value of the power received in iteration n, in iterations of Tracking algorithm, includes:

-

acquire, at the current position of the iteration n ((n} _ {r}, var n} _ {r}), the received power P ^ n {r} (\ theta ^ {n} r, var r);

-

act on the lifting and azimuth motors of the guiding apparatus (8) to position the optical duplexer (9) in the positions (? n} r { h } { h \ {theta}, \ varphi ^ {n } {r}, (the n} r - h _ {the}, var r), (the n), \ varphi ^ {r} + h _ {\ varphi}) and (the n} _ {r}, \ varphi ^ {n} _ {r} - h _ {\ varphi}) and acquiring for each of these positions the received power, being respectively P n {r} (? n} {r} + h _ {theta}, \ varphi ^ {r} }), P n {r} (the n} {r} - h _ {theta}, var n} r, P n} { r} (? n}, {var} + {r} + h _ {\ varphi}) and P n {r} (the n) _ {r}, \ varphi ^ {r} -h _ {\ varphi}), with h _ {\ theta} and h _ {\ varphi} being predetermined values.

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20. The intelligent optical transceiver according to the preceding claim, wherein the estimation of the power gradient vector na P n} r = (na n} _ {the}, na n} _ {\ varphi}), in the iterations of the tracking algorithm, is carried out through central differences, complying with: \ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ theta} = (P n} {gamma} (? N} {gamma} + h {?), var n {{gamma}) - P n} {gamma} (the n} {gamma} - h _, var, var {g})) / (2 \ cdot h?); \ nabla ^ {n} _ {\ varphi} = (P n} {gamma} (the n} {gamma}, var n {gamma} + h _ {\ varphi}) - P n {{gamma} (the n} {gamma}, \ varphi ^ {{gamma} - h _ {\ varphi})) / (2 \ cdot h {var).

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21. Smart optical transceiver according any of claims 18 to 20, wherein obtaining the variations δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ theta} and δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ varphi}, in the iterations of the algorithm of monitoring, is performed according to the following equations: δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ theta} = h \ cdot \ nblade {n \ theta}; δ ^ n + 1} _ {\ varphi} = h \ cdot \ nblade_ {\ varphi}; h being a default value.

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22. Intelligent optical transceiver according to any of claims 18 to 21, wherein the control circuit (18) of the tracking system (13) is configured to apply the tracking algorithm according to a sampling period T m, where T is fulfilled m <0.5 / f s, where f s is the maximum expected frequency in the variation of the position of the maximum power. 23. Smart optical transceiver according any one of the preceding claims, which comprises a indoor air conditioning system (14) based on recirculation, which allows a stable temperature in the transceiver components (1) minimizing particles in suspension and oxidative effects. 24. Smart optical transceiver according to previous claim, wherein the conditioning system of the indoor air (14) comprises: - a closed conditioning duct (49, 46) through which circulates the indoor air of the cover (4) of the transceiver (1) by the action of a turbine (42), following a closed recirculation path; - an active heat pump (51) whose cold focus (50 ') is in contact with the closed conditioning duct and whose hot spot is set to receive air coming from outside driven by a turbine (43); - a condenser-evaporator (48) in contact with the cold spot (50 ') of the active heat pump (51) and with one of its faces in contact with the outside.

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25. Smart optical transceiver according any of claims 23 to 24, wherein the system of indoor air conditioning (14) comprises a sensor indoor temperature (37) and an outdoor temperature sensor (45), connected to the supervisor system (6), which is configured to, depending on the temperature values measured by said sensors (37, 45), control the activation and deactivation of the turbines (42, 43) and the active heat pump (51). 26. Intelligent optical transceiver according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a predictive anti-fog system (15) that prevents the deposition of external fog in the viewfinder (57) of the optical transceiver (1), the predictive anti-fog system (15) in turn understanding:

-

first temperature sensing means (58), responsible for measuring the temperature T o of a first surface of the object (57) to prevent the deposition of mist;

-

first actuator means (59) configured, when activated, to:

?

decrease relative humidity local air surrounding the first surface of the object (57); Y

?

increase the temperature of said first surface;

-

second temperature sensing means (45), responsible for measuring the temperature T a of the air facing the first surface and outside the influence of the first actuating means (59);

-

first air relative humidity sensing means (44), responsible for measuring the relative humidity H a of the air facing the first surface and outside the influence of the first actuating means (59);

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where the supervisor system (6) has control means configured to time to time t _ {m}:

?

obtain from the first temperature sensing means (58), second temperature sensing means (45) and first air relative humidity sensing means (44), the temperature T o of the first surface, the temperature T a of the air and the relative humidity H a of the air;

?

calculate, from the temperature T a of the air and the relative humidity H a of the air, the temperature T r of the air dew;

?

compare the dew temperature T r of the air with the temperature T o of the first surface, and activate or not the first actuator means (59) according to said comparison.

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27. Intelligent optical transceiver according to claim 26, wherein the control means of the supervisory system (6) are additionally configured for, once the comparison of the air dew point T r with the temperature T o } of the first surface, deactivate or not the first actuator means (59) depending on said comparison. 28. Smart optical transceiver according to any of claims 26 to 27, wherein the means of Supervisory system control (6) are configured to activate the first actuator means (59) if the following is fulfilled condition: T_ {o} < T_ {r} + \ delta T where δ T is a safety thermal margin of predetermined value.

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29. Smart optical transceiver according to any of claims 26 to 28, wherein the first actuator means (59) comprise: - a cavity responsible for confining locally the air surrounding the first surface of the object (57); - a series of surfaces (330, 332, 333, 334) placed at an angle to the first surface and configured, when the first actuator means (59) are activated, for, by generating unidirectional heat in its surface closest to the first surface of the object (57), create in the air locally confined in the cavity a stream of hot air convection on the first surface of the object (57).

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30. Smart optical transceiver according to claim 29, wherein the first actuator means (59) include: - a metal surface (330), which corresponds to the surface of the actuator closest to the first surface of the object (57); - an electric heating heater (332) covering the back of said metal surface (330); - a thermal insulating sheet (333) attached to the back of the electric heater (24) with a metal coating to reflect heat generated by radiation towards the metal surface (23).

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31. Laser-based optical communication network not guided in free space, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of nodes, each node formed by a plurality of intelligent optical transceivers (1) according to any of claims 1-30 arranged in a settlement common and interconnected with each other through their respective multiport switch (7), each node being interconnected with at least one node of a remote settlement by means of an optical link between transceivers (1) of the respective nodes.