ES2351481T3 - PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS AND / OR FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCULATING MACROPHAGES AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO CARRY OUT THIS PROCEDURE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS AND / OR FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCULATING MACROPHAGES AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO CARRY OUT THIS PROCEDURE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2351481T3 ES2351481T3 ES03735519T ES03735519T ES2351481T3 ES 2351481 T3 ES2351481 T3 ES 2351481T3 ES 03735519 T ES03735519 T ES 03735519T ES 03735519 T ES03735519 T ES 03735519T ES 2351481 T3 ES2351481 T3 ES 2351481T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- macrophages
- cells
- procedure
- prostate
- psa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5091—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing the pathological state of an organism
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5094—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for blood cell populations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57434—Specifically defined cancers of prostate
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la determinación de características y/o para la clasificación de macrófagos circulantes mediante antígenos no propios de la célula y a un sistema de análisis para llevar a cabo un procedimiento de este tipo. The invention relates to a method for the determination of characteristics and / or for the classification of circulating macrophages by antigens not characteristic of the cell and an analysis system for carrying out such a procedure.
10 Por la publicación de Sinha, Wilson, Gleason: Immunoelectron microscopic localization of prostaticspecific antigen in human prostate by the protein A-gold complex, Cancer, 1987, 60, 1288-91, se conoce un método consistente en realizar un análisis por microscopía electrónica de células de tejido prostático. De acuerdo con dicha referencia bibliográfica, se incubó tejido 10 From the publication of Sinha, Wilson, Gleason: Immunoelectron microscopic localization of prostaticspecific antigen in human prostate by the protein A-gold complex, Cancer, 1987, 60, 1288-91, a method is known to perform an electron microscopy analysis of prostate tissue cells. According to said bibliographic reference, tissue was incubated.
15 normal de próstata, tejido de carcinoma de próstata y tejido hiperplásico de próstata con anticuerpos PSA marcados con oro. Los análisis mostraron que las partículas de oro se encontraban en el citoplasma, en los gránulos intracelulares, RES y lisosomas. Cuanto mayor es la desdiferenciación de un tumor, más partículas de oro aparecen en estructuras membranares. Esto se 15 normal prostate, prostate carcinoma tissue and hyperplastic prostate tissue with gold-labeled PSA antibodies. The analyzes showed that the gold particles were in the cytoplasm, in the intracellular granules, RES and lysosomes. The greater the dedifferentiation of a tumor, the more gold particles appear in membrane structures. This is
20 evaluó como una señal de que, con una desdiferenciación creciente de las células tumorales, el PSA (antígeno prostático específico) se depositaba en las estructuras de membrana. Otro aspecto de dicho estudio consistió en que también se detectaron partículas de oro en granulocitos y macrófagos. 20 evaluated as a signal that, with increasing dedifferentiation of tumor cells, PSA (prostate specific antigen) was deposited in membrane structures. Another aspect of this study was that gold particles were also detected in granulocytes and macrophages.
En análisis por citometría de flujo se encontraron células en sangre 25 circulante que eran PSA positivas. Sin embargo, en los análisis previamente conocidos sólo se tiñeron para PSA las superficies de los macrófagos. In flow cytometric analysis, circulating blood cells were found to be PSA positive. However, in the previously known analyzes only macrophage surfaces were stained for PSA.
El hecho de que no se encontrara ningún ARNm de la molécula de PSA en los macrófagos sólo permite concluir que únicamente se absorbe la molécula de PSA y que no se trata de la eliminación de micrometástasis. A este respecto The fact that no mRNA of the PSA molecule was found in macrophages only concludes that only the PSA molecule is absorbed and that it is not about the removal of micrometastases. In this regard
30 véase Brandt, Griwatz, Brinkmann: Circulating prostate-specific antigen/CD14double-positive cells; a blomarker indicating low risk for hematogeneous metastasis of prostate cancer, J.Natl. Cancer Inst. 1997; 89, 174. 30 see Brandt, Griwatz, Brinkmann: Circulating prostate-specific antigen / CD14double-positive cells; a blomarker indicating low risk for hematogeneous metastasis of prostate cancer, J.Natl. Cancer Inst. 1997; 89, 174.
Como es sabido, las transformaciones malignas de células tisulares agrupadas en un agrupamiento celular más o menos ordenado se denominan tumor. Estas células tumorales no respetan el orden de los tejidos, crecen sin impedimentos y se expanden aumentando de tamaño e infiltrándose en tejidos vecinos, órganos, o crecen a través de los límites del órgano llegando a la corriente sanguínea y al sistema linfático. As is known, malignant transformations of tissue cells grouped in a more or less ordered cell cluster are called a tumor. These tumor cells do not respect the order of tissues, grow without impediments and expand in size and infiltrate neighboring tissues, organs, or grow through the limits of the organ reaching the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Cuando un tumor llega a la corriente sanguínea o al sistema linfático, las células individuales o los agrupamientos celulares se pueden desplazar a través de estos sistemas y fijarse en otros lugares del cuerpo en forma de metástasis. Aquí existe el peligro de que las metástasis sigan creciendo y quiten energía al cuerpo hasta que éste finalmente resulte vencido y muera por la enfermedad. When a tumor reaches the bloodstream or lymphatic system, individual cells or cell clusters can travel through these systems and look at other places in the body in the form of metastases. Here there is a danger that the metastases continue to grow and take away energy from the body until it is finally defeated and dies from the disease.
Cuando se desarrolla un tumor de este tipo, las células tumorales producen sustancias que favorecen este crecimiento. Además, se pueden liberar sustancias útiles como indicadores de crecimiento tumoral. Estas últimas se denominan marcadores tumorales. Pero estos marcadores no son específicos de un tumor, sino que únicamente indican la magnitud de la concentración medida en la sangre, ya que las células sanas también pueden liberar este tipo de sustancias. Por ello, los marcadores tumorales no pueden ser utilizados para detectar un tumor, sino únicamente para controlar el desarrollo de la enfermedad o la terapia. Un marcador específico de un tumor es el antígeno prostático específico (PSA), el cual, a partir de una concentración determinada en la sangre, es indicativo de carcinoma de próstata. Sin embargo, un aumento benigno de la próstata también puede provocar un aumento del valor de PSA en sangre. When such a tumor develops, tumor cells produce substances that favor this growth. In addition, useful substances can be released as indicators of tumor growth. The latter are called tumor markers. But these markers are not specific to a tumor, but only indicate the magnitude of the concentration measured in the blood, since healthy cells can also release these types of substances. Therefore, tumor markers cannot be used to detect a tumor, but only to control the development of the disease or therapy. A specific marker of a tumor is the prostate specific antigen (PSA), which, from a certain concentration in the blood, is indicative of prostate carcinoma. However, a benign increase in the prostate can also cause an increase in the value of PSA in the blood.
Hasta ahora, las enfermedades tumorales se diagnostican principalmente mediante procedimientos que proporcionan imágenes, como ultrasonido o tomografía computerizada, mamografía o similares. No obstante, la decisión definitiva sólo se toma después de una muestra de tejido tumoral con determinación del desarrollo de la terapia. Until now, tumor diseases are mainly diagnosed by procedures that provide images, such as ultrasound or computed tomography, mammography or the like. However, the final decision is only taken after a sample of tumor tissue with determination of the development of therapy.
El sistema inmunológico propio del cuerpo humano reacciona contra las enfermedades tumorales. Este sistema inmunológico consiste en una serie de diferentes tipos de células que desempeñan diversas funciones. Entre otros, los macrófagos tienen la misión de reconocer un determinado material patológico y fagocitarlo y descomponerlo en sus diversos componentes. A continuación se presentan fragmentos de las células fagocitadas en la superficie de otros inmunocitos para que éstos tengan la posibilidad de reconocer la estructura contra la que deben actuar. The body's own immune system reacts against tumor diseases. This immune system consists of a series of different types of cells that perform various functions. Among others, macrophages have the mission of recognizing a certain pathological material and phagocytizing it and breaking it down into its various components. Below are fragments of the phagocytosed cells on the surface of other immunocytes so that they have the possibility of recognizing the structure against which they must act.
Existe una necesidad urgente de poder realizar, en un estadio temprano, una determinación de las características de los macrófagos circulantes sin tener que llevar a cabo exámenes directos sobre el cuerpo humano. There is an urgent need to be able to perform, at an early stage, a determination of the characteristics of the circulating macrophages without having to carry out direct examinations on the human body.
El objetivo de la invención consiste en proponer un procedimiento y un sistema de análisis con cuya ayuda sea posible la determinación de las características y/o la clasificación de macrófagos circulantes. The objective of the invention is to propose a method and an analysis system with the help of which the determination of the characteristics and / or the classification of circulating macrophages is possible.
De acuerdo con la invención, se parte de la base de que en los macrófagos circulantes se pueden detectar antígenos o fragmentos de células tumorales fagocitadas y, por consiguiente, se puede llevar a cabo una detección tumoral específica. In accordance with the invention, it is based on the fact that in the macrophages circulating antigens or fragments of phagocytized tumor cells can be detected and, consequently, a specific tumor detection can be carried out.
De acuerdo con la invención, se lleva a cabo una extracción de sangre total y a continuación una centrifugación por gradiente para aislar los macrófagos. Después, las células macrófago se perforan y se realiza una tinción de las células con al menos un anticuerpo seleccionado. According to the invention, a total blood extraction is carried out and then a centrifugation by gradient to isolate the macrophages. Then, the macrophage cells are perforated and staining of the cells is performed with at least one antibody selected.
A continuación se recurre a la citometría de flujo conocida en sí para documentar las características de las células a nivel individual. Next, the flow cytometry known per se is used to document the characteristics of the cells at the individual level.
La citometría de flujo posibilita el recuento y el análisis de características físicas y moleculares de células en una corriente de líquido. En concreto, con ayuda de muestras marcadas con colorante fluorescente, por ejemplo anticuerpos, se lleva a cabo y se documenta una determinación de las características de células o poblaciones de células a nivel individual. Flow cytometry makes it possible to count and analyze physical and molecular characteristics of cells in a liquid stream. In particular, with the help of samples labeled with fluorescent dye, for example antibodies, a determination of the characteristics of cells or cell populations at the individual level is carried out and documented.
La base consiste aquí en la reacción antígeno-anticuerpo realizada con anticuerpos marcados con colorante fluorescente. Para el análisis, las células de una suspensión individual pasan, por focalización hidrodinámica, junto a un rayo láser en haz con una longitud de onda adecuada. En caso de una excitación correspondiente de los electrones del colorante fluorescente por el rayo láser monocromático, éstos suben a un nivel de energía superior. Después del pulso láser, los electrones caen de vuelta a su nivel original emitiendo energía en forma de fotones. La concentración de fotones emitida, registrada mediante un fotodetector, es proporcional a la cantidad de anticuerpos unidos por célula. Además, mediante difracción y dispersión de la luz se obtiene información sobre el tamaño de la célula y de la estructura interior, es decir, la granularidad del citoplasma, el tamaño del núcleo celular, etc. The basis here consists of the antigen-antibody reaction performed with antibodies labeled with fluorescent dye. For analysis, the cells of an individual suspension pass, by hydrodynamic targeting, next to a beam laser beam with a suitable wavelength. In case of a corresponding excitation of the electrons of the fluorescent dye by the monochromatic laser beam, they rise to a higher energy level. After the laser pulse, the electrons fall back to their original level emitting energy in the form of photons. The emitted photon concentration, recorded by a photodetector, is proportional to the amount of antibodies bound per cell. In addition, information on the size of the cell and the internal structure is obtained by diffraction and light scattering, that is, the granularity of the cytoplasm, the cell nucleus size, etc.
Como anticuerpos seleccionados se utilizan antígenos prostáticos específicos, anticuerpos de citoqueratina y/o antígeno de membrana epitelial. As selected antibodies, specific prostate antigens, cytokeratin antibodies and / or epithelial membrane antigen are used.
Por consiguiente, de acuerdo con la invención, mediante la tinción del anticuerpo de PSA en los macrófagos se puede determinar si el material fagocitado es relevante para la próstata. Accordingly, according to the invention, by staining the PSA antibody in macrophages it can be determined whether the phagocytized material is relevant to the prostate.
El sistema de análisis para la realización del procedimiento incluye medios para heparinizar la sangre extraída, una centrifugadora por gradiente para el aislamiento de macrófagos, medios de perforación celular, un dispositivo para la tinción intracelular con anticuerpos fluorocromados de las células previamente tratadas y un citómetro de flujo con unidad de evaluación asistida por ordenador para determinar la estructura intracelular de la célula previamente tratada y aislada en cada caso para una detección tumoral temprana. The analysis system for performing the procedure includes means for heparinizing the extracted blood, a gradient centrifuge for macrophage isolation, cell perforation means, a device for intracellular staining with fluorochromed antibodies of previously treated cells and a cytometer of flow with computer-assisted evaluation unit to determine the intracellular structure of the previously treated and isolated cell in each case for early tumor detection.
La invención se explica más detalladamente a continuación por medio de un ejemplo de realización. The invention is explained in more detail below by means of an exemplary embodiment.
En el paso de la extracción de sangre y tinción se comienza por ejemplo con 6 ml de sangre total, que se someten a heparinización. Con ayuda de la centrifugación por gradiente se lleva a cabo el aislamiento de monocitos, macrófagos y linfocitos. In the step of blood collection and staining, for example, start with 6 ml of whole blood, which undergo heparinization. The isolation of monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes is carried out with the aid of gradient centrifugation.
En el siguiente paso, las células se someten a una fijación con formaldehído y un tratamiento con saponinas para su perforación. In the next step, the cells undergo formaldehyde fixation and a saponin treatment for perforation.
A continuación se lleva a cabo el paso de tinción intracelular con anticuerpos seleccionados, por ejemplo de entre los siguientes: The intracellular staining step is then carried out with selected antibodies, for example from among the following:
Anticuerpo de PSA Ab-1 (clon ER-PRS) PSA Ab-1 antibody (ER-PRS clone)
Pan-citoqueratina n-FITC Pan-cytokeratin n-FITC
Antígeno de membrana epitelial (clon E 29) Epithelial membrane antigen (clone E 29)
Control de isotipos IgG1 (clon DAK-GO1) IgG1 isotype control (clone DAK-GO1)
Anticuerpo secundario FITC cabra-anti-ratón (DAKO) Goat-anti-mouse FITC secondary antibody (DAKO)
La célula, fijada de nuevo correspondientemente hasta su análisis, se examina después más detalladamente mediante citometría de flujo. Los monocitos y macrófagos se “encierran”, es decir, para la evaluación sólo se utiliza una parte de los resultados de medición y se lleva a cabo una preselección. The cell, correspondingly fixed again until analysis, is then examined in more detail by flow cytometry. Monocytes and macrophages are "enclosed", that is, for the evaluation only a part of the measurement results is used and a preselection is carried out.
Después, a través de una evaluación de histogramas, se valora el control de isotipos y la tinción y se realiza una indicación de las células positivas, por 5 ejemplo en porcentaje. Then, through a histogram evaluation, isotype control and staining are assessed and an indication of the positive cells is performed, for example in percentage.
Se ha comprobado que, en el caso de la tinción de los macrófagos con citoqueratina en pacientes con tumor de próstata propagado, se pueden detectar partes de la estructura constructiva de células tisulares en los inmunocitos de la persona correspondiente. Estos elementos constructivos han tenido que ser It has been found that, in the case of staining macrophages with cytokeratin in patients with propagated prostate tumor, parts of the constructive structure of tissue cells can be detected in the immunocytes of the corresponding person. These constructive elements have had to be
10 absorbidos por fagocitosis, ya que no forman parte originalmente de los inmunocitos. Se puede excluir la posibilidad de un efecto no específico, ya que la evolución de la curva registrada de la citoqueratina se diferencia claramente de la del isotipo. 10 absorbed by phagocytosis, since they are not originally part of the immunocytes. The possibility of a non-specific effect can be excluded, since the evolution of the recorded cytokeratin curve clearly differs from that of the isotype.
La tinción del PSA en macrófagos demuestra que el material fagocitado 15 ha de consistir en tejido prostático, ya que este marcador específico también es detectable. PSA staining in macrophages demonstrates that phagocytized material 15 must consist of prostate tissue, since this specific marker is also detectable.
En suma, con el procedimiento descrito y el sistema de análisis correspondiente se proporciona un método novedoso para la determinación de características y la clasificación de macrófagos circulantes, proporcionando la In sum, with the procedure described and the corresponding analysis system, a novel method is provided for the determination of characteristics and the classification of circulating macrophages, providing the
20 clasificación información sobre posibles contenidos relevantes para la próstata. 20 classification information on possible relevant contents for the prostate.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10228548 | 2002-06-26 | ||
| DE10228548 | 2002-06-26 | ||
| DE10230893 | 2002-07-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2351481T3 true ES2351481T3 (en) | 2011-02-07 |
Family
ID=29723471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES03735519T Expired - Lifetime ES2351481T3 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2003-06-02 | PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS AND / OR FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCULATING MACROPHAGES AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO CARRY OUT THIS PROCEDURE. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101813694A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE479093T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10230893A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2351481T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6165460A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 2000-12-26 | Therion Biologics Corporation | Generation of immune responses to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) |
| DE19814915A1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-07 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Immunological method for the determination of PSA |
-
2002
- 2002-07-09 DE DE10230893A patent/DE10230893A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-06-02 AT AT03735519T patent/ATE479093T1/en active
- 2003-06-02 ES ES03735519T patent/ES2351481T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-02 CN CN200910208853A patent/CN101813694A/en active Pending
- 2003-06-02 DE DE50313016T patent/DE50313016D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101813694A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| DE10230893A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| DE50313016D1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
| ATE479093T1 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Hamdy et al. | Circulating prostate specific antigen‐positive cells correlate with metastatic prostate cancer | |
| CA2861437C (en) | Methods for detecting 5t4-positive circulating tumor cells and methods of diagnosis of 5t4-positive cancer in a mammalian subject | |
| CN102414562B (en) | The device and method of cell capture and analysis | |
| ES2917399T3 (en) | Capture, identification and use of a new marker of solid tumors in body fluids | |
| Choi et al. | Oncogenic regulation of extracellular vesicle proteome and heterogeneity | |
| WO2008140774A2 (en) | Methods for diagnosing and treating prostate and lung cancer | |
| RU2013140638A (en) | METHOD AND MEANS FOR MONITORING TISSUE HOMEOSTASIS DISORDERS IN THE ORGANISM | |
| Obeid et al. | NanoBioAnalytical characterization of extracellular vesicles in 75-nm nanofiltered human plasma for transfusion: A tool to improve transfusion safety | |
| CA2491221C (en) | Method for determination and/or classification of circulating macrophages and analysis arrangement for carrying out said method | |
| US20210156862A1 (en) | Molecular vibrational spectroscopic markers for detection of cancer | |
| ES2351481T3 (en) | PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS AND / OR FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCULATING MACROPHAGES AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO CARRY OUT THIS PROCEDURE. | |
| JPWO2018164262A1 (en) | How to predict treatment efficacy | |
| JP6700048B2 (en) | Anti-cancer drug evaluation method | |
| US20150133327A1 (en) | Method for detecting or monitoring prostate cancer | |
| WO2011058509A1 (en) | Method and kit for the prevention and/or the monitoring of chemioresistance of leukaemia forms | |
| Resnik et al. | Molecular, morphological and functional properties of tunnelling nanotubes between normal and cancer urothelial cells: New insights from the in vitro model mimicking the situation after surgical removal of the urothelial tumor | |
| JP2012506048A (en) | A preclinical method for monitoring continuous changes in circulating breast cancer cells in mice | |
| ES2939298T3 (en) | Combination of markers for cancer diagnosis | |
| CN111707833A (en) | Method for identifying lymphocyte inside and outside blood vessel of mouse and application thereof | |
| ES2824156T3 (en) | One-step assay for the detection of phagocytosis - cell activation cell death | |
| JP7368678B1 (en) | Methods for measuring the relative abundance of specific cell subpopulations in a CD4+ T cell population | |
| RU2505817C1 (en) | Method for assessing radiosensitivity of airway cancer | |
| Pace et al. | In Vivo Labeling and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Mice Using OTL38 | |
| Tshabalala | Investigation of non-prostatic in vitro prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumour cells | |
| Carannante | Towards Personalized Immunotherapy: Development of in Vitro Models for Imaging Natural Killer Cell Behavior in the Tumor Microenvironment |