ES2346121B1 - DEALINIZING DEVICE FOR SELECTIVE MEMBRANES AND MAGNETIC FIELDS THAT DOES NOT USE ELECTRODES. - Google Patents

Abstract

Desalination device by selective membranes and
magnetic fields that does not use electrodes.

Device intended for desalination of brackish water which performs this function through action combined of magnetic fields generated inside the device and ion selective membranes, thus obtaining two separate streams of water, one with low salt concentration and another rejection with high concentration of salts. It consists of a cylindrical outer body of magnetized iron (1), one body also cylindrical interior of the same material (2) and a chamber intermediate (3) where a series of membranes are arranged: selective to ions (6 and 7) arranged radially with respect to the common axis a all bodies, and placed alternately so that each Negative ion selective membrane (7) has on both sides a Selective positive ion membrane (6). The magnetic field acts on the moving ions, generating Lorentz forces that forces the membranes through (6 and 7).

Description

Membrane desalination device selective and magnetic fields that does not use electrodes.

Object of the invention

The present invention, as stated by set forth herein, refers to a device intended for the desalination of brackish water, which performs this function through the combined action of magnetic fields generated in the inside the device and ion selective membranes, thus obtaining a water flow with low ion concentration saline

Industrial Field of Application

This is a device that solves so satisfactory physical separation of ions dissolved in a aqueous solution of the water molecules of said solution. It is basically designed for the desalination of water from sea.

Prior art

The background of desalination devices by selective membranes refer to machines or set of elements that produce the separation of ions dissolved in a aqueous solution, from an electrical potential between two electrodes connected to an external power source, that is, based on electrodialysis. Our desalination device does not incorporates electrodes to generate said potential. Therefore it is not based on currently existing electrodialysis concepts of saltwater.

US patent US2004 / 0262234 of an apparatus and method for the purification of fluids is perhaps the closest invention to our desalination device by selective membranes and magnetic fields that does not use electrodes. It uses a rotating magnetic field and ion-selective membrane stacks, but there are still at least one channel rich in ammon and another channel rich in cations, which generate an electrical potential. This does not happen in the patent that
request.

The holders of this report have previously presented the utility models with publication number 1066215 (Desalination device by magnetic field and ion selective membranes according to their electrical charge) and 1067217 (Desalination device by magnetic field rotation and selective membranes according to your electric charge). Both documents describe devices that achieve the desalination of part of a water flow from the disposition of a magnetic field, obtaining separate streams of product and rejection water in different channels separated by ion-selective membranes, although in both In these cases, the proposed objective was achieved by means of a channel structure such that there was a channel with excess positive ions and another channel with excess negative ions (the end channels) while the plants remain neutral because they were filled or emptied with it number of positive ions and negative ions. The end channel that is filled with positive ions created a positive potential. The other channel, from the other end, which is filled with only negative ions creates a negative potential. In this way, the potential difference creates an electric field that is detrimental to the desired objective, given that the electric forces created oppose the forces of the magnetic field, inhibiting the movement of ions and thus hindering their stratification in dilute channels and concen-
brought.

For that reason, in the devices described in these utility models made it necessary to have a pair of electrodes that communicate with each other by a conducting wire external to ensure that the electrical circuit can be closed. To the closing said circuit, the potentials cause a electron movement These electrons in turn cause the redox reactions at the extremes. These redox reactions have as consequence that the end channels are neutralized and disappears (to a large extent, there is always a remnant that feeds the movement of electrons) the electrical potential in extremes

Through the special geometric configuration of the device that is recommended, in which there are no extreme channels where potentials are generated, forces are eliminated electric that were opposed to the Lorentz forces created on the ions by the magnetic field, so that the movement of ions can continue to occur without the need to incorporate electrodes and advantageously avoiding the occurrence of reactions redox

In addition, you get that energy that in the devices described in the utility models were used in the creation of an electric potential that generated the movement of electrons, thus minimizing the electric field, stop being necessary since this energy was used in neutralization of the potential of the extremes but not in the useful movement of the ions, which represents a significant decrease in the costs of device operation and a considerable improvement in its performance.

The ion selective membranes that are used in the present invention are present in the market for time and are commonly used in electrodialysis processes, between others. They are formed from polymers that contain a certain amount of ions inside, depending on your selectivity of the type of content ion. However, the special geometric arrangement of a plurality of these membranes within of the device that is recommended, and the advantages derived from it provision are unknown to date in the state of the Current technique

Therefore, it is not known by the holders of the present invention no similar device for the performance of said water desalination works, so that the novelty of the present invention becomes evident, that will provide numerous advantages to the industry relative to desalination of brackish water for its use.

Explanation of the invention.

It is a device that is capable of desalinate part of the salt water flow that enters it. So the water that enters this device is converted into two effluents different. An effluent with a very small salt concentration and less than in the inlet flow and another with a concentration of Salt greater than the input. The device is configured from three fundamental parts, consisting of an outer magnet, a magnet interior and an intermediate body between these where it will be introduced the water flow to be desalted and which will be affected by the field magnetic generated by two magnets. These three elements will be coaxially mounted. From this configuration a mode is inferred of optimum performance from cylindrical bodies.

The magnets used for the present device may be both permanent magnets and superconductors, provided they meet the condition of generating a magnetic field whose field lines, within the space between both magnets, have radial direction with respect to the axis of the device.

The intermediate element arranged between both magnets will have a hollow section, and inside there will be a certain number of membranes also arranged in the direction radial, alternating a selective membrane to positive ions with other to negative ions, such that a membrane of one type It will always be surrounded by two membranes of the opposite type. Of the similarly, each channel of this intermediate body will have a selective membrane to positive ions on one side, and another selective to Negative ions to the other. It is achieved through this special geometry that there are no extreme channels where potentials are generated electrical harmful to the process.

This device is based on the forces of Lorentz generated when a conductive fluid crosses with certain Speed a magnetic field. This force produces a displacement of the ions present in the fluid. The selective membranes are those responsible for creating diluted fluid channels (product) and concentrated fluid channels (rejection).

The membrane desalination device selective and magnetic fields that does not use electrodes uses a special geometry both in the arrangement of the magnetic poles as in the arrangement of ion selective membranes according to their loading so that the use of electrodes

Because Lorentz's forces act in an address depending on the charge of the ion on which they act, these will be forced to pass through the membranes selective, with the result that a dilute channel in which negative ions have exited by a through a membrane and the positives through the membrane opposite; and concentrate channels, in which they have entered through a membrane positive ions and other negative ions. Since in all these channels will be equal the number of positive ions and negatives that come out or enter, these will remain electrically neutral, avoiding the formation of electrical potentials that would impair the operation of the device.

The development of this geometry and layout modifies the electrochemical operation of desalination typical for electrodialysis devices. The new chemistry of operation uses an energy consumption that is very close to minimum consumption necessary from the thermodynamic point of view.

The geometry used in this new device allows electrical charges in the dilution channels and of concentrated are always balanced so they are not created electrical potentials between the cells and therefore do not appear reduction or oxidation reactions or circulation of a current electric

Brief description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing, and in order to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, is attached herein as an integral part of it, some drawings made with illustrative and non-limiting nature, which follows to describe:

Figure 1 shows the geometric shape of the magnetic poles as well as their relative position within the device.

Figure 2 shows the membrane chamber, being able to observe their disposition with respect to the tube walls so that they form the channels where the water to desalinate and the dilute streams will run and concentrate obtained. Both in this figure and in the following ones, a limited number of membranes has been represented in order to facilitate the compression of the device.

Figure 3 shows in front elevation the device with its components mounted, where you can also observe the movement that the ions make when they are affected by the magnetic field produced, crossing the selective membranes and thus creating dilute and concentrate channels.

Figure 4 shows in perspective the device once mounted.

Figure 5 shows in longitudinal section the device, having been represented with dashed and dotted lines lines of the magnetic field generated inside the device and with arrows the direction of water flow, effects that combined produce the movement on the ions represented in the figure previous.

Detailed presentation of an embodiment

A preferred form is described below. of realization of the device object of the present memory without limitation as to its formal constitution or small variants unimportant in terms of modifying their principal function.

The membrane desalination device selective and magnetic fields that does not use electrodes can be Built following the following exhibition.

Magnetic fields can be generated by permanent magnets or by superconducting magnets. For this form constructive reference is made to permanent magnets.

The cylinder with the largest outside diameter (1) is made of magnetized iron in such a way that in the area of the diameter inside is the north pole and in the area of the outside diameter is the South Pole. The outer diameter of this tube formed by iron magnetized is one hundred centimeters and the inside diameter is Ninety centimeters.

The cylinder of smaller diameter (2) outside is made of magnetized iron so that inside diameter is the north pole and in the outer diameter is the south pole. He outer diameter of this tube is forty centimeters and the inside diameter is thirty centimeters.

The intermediate tube (3) has dimensions of outer diameter of eighty-five centimeters and a diameter interior of forty-five centimeters. The section between the inner and outer diameter is not uniform and solid, but rather decomposes as follows.

The section is hollow, the wall in diameter exterior has a thickness of 5 millimeters just like the wall of the inside diameter. Both walls are high polyethylene density.

The outer wall (4) and the inner wall (5) they are joined by radially arranged membranes of such so that each membrane (6 and 7) goes from the diameter wall inside to outside diameter. The membranes are arranged so that selective membranes alternate with positive ions (6) with negative ion selective membranes (7); and placed so parallel to the axis of the tube so the spaces that remain between membrane and membrane, called channels (8), are sectors Circular It is through the interior of these channels (8) that of salt water running out. The dilute channels are alternated with the concentrate channels just like the membranes negative ion selective (7) are alternated with the membranes positive ion selective (6).

Describe sufficiently the nature of the The present invention, as well as how to implement it, is it states that within its essentiality, it may be taken to the practice in other embodiments that differ in detail from the one indicated by way of example, and which will also reach the protection that is collected as long as it is not altered, changed or Modify your fundamental principle.

Claims (1)

1. Desalination device for selective membranes and magnetic fields that does not use electrodes, consisting of an outer magnet (1), an inner magnet (2) and an intermediate body (3) in which ion selective membranes are arranged (6 and 7 ) characterized in that the outer magnet (1), the inner magnet (2) and the intermediate body (3) are coaxially mounted, the intermediate body (3) having a hollow section in which ion selective membranes (6 and 7) radially and alternately, so that each positive ion selective membrane (6) will have both negative ion selective membranes on both sides (7) as well as each negative ion selective membrane (7) will have both sides selective membranes to positive ions (6).