ES2320802T3 - CLAMPING SYSTEM TO FIX A PIECE TO A PORTABLE FIREARM, AND PORTABLE FIREARM EQUIPPED WITH THIS SYSTEM. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastening system for fixing a component (21), especially a hand guard, in the area of the barrel (3) of a small arm and to a small arm comprising such a fastening system, comprising a sleeve (5) which surrounds the barrel (3) and is stationary in relation to the axis of the bore (4), and a device (33) with which a surface area of the component (21), referred to in the following as the inner surface area (29) and facing the sleeve (5), can be brought in contact with an opposite outer surface area (5', 5'') of the sleeve (5). In this manner, the component can be fixed to the arm in a reproducible manner and may comprise, e.g., fixing rails (25, 27, 31) or the like interfaces on which aiming mechanisms or the like are mounted. The component (21) preferably surrounds at least partially or almost completely the barrel (3) and the sleeve (5) and is supported on the weapon body (1) in a rotationally fixed manner.

Description

Clamping system to fix a piece to a portable firearm, and portable firearm equipped with this system.

The invention relates to a fixing system of a firearm, to hold a component in the area of the portable gun barrel as well as a portable gun equipped with such a fixing system, with: a sleeve surrounding the barrel, in particular a tubular shaped sleeve, which It is in a fixed position with respect to the axis of the bore. He component mentioned here is a mountable weapon component and detachable, for example a hand protection of the firearm, which at least partially surrounds the barrel and sleeve and It is coupled against turning to the box. The component can be him same a weapon, for example a grenade launcher.

Here a position of the portable weapon is assumed corresponding to the normal point and shoot position; is say with the horizontal barrel and therefore with the axis of the bore (axis center of the barrel) horizontal and with the handle down, the mouthpiece facing forward. Indications of type, up, down, right, left as well as in front and behind it refer to the point of view of the shooter who holds the weapon in point position.

The old rifles for the practice of shooting White often have a separate front frame. This it has, for example, a support to place a hand protection, but that nevertheless does not require a reproducible position with great precision. Thus, in general the front frame is manually adjusted and is firmly mounted on the weapon so that the protection of Hands are immobilized. However this frame assembly The front of the weapon is too inaccurate to be able to fix a aiming device, and also because the wood of the frame Front works too much.

It is usual to add a bipod or similar in the front frame In this case, the barrel is normally not in contact with the frame, even when the barrel is subjected to a thermal expansion When a plastic frame is used, The problems associated with wood work disappear. Without However, no mounting device can be mounted on the frame aiming or similar; also when it must be mounted on the weapon of reproducible form In addition the plastic frame is elastic what which can lead to unacceptable inaccuracies.

In automatic portable weapons, in particular in rapid-fire weapons or automatic guns, there is a special problem with the heating of the barrel. They also have to take into account the tolerances of mass production as not precision craft work can be taken into consideration, even when the front frame has a special design. By this reason, the general rule is that, for example, when it is assumed the average value of manufacturing tolerances, that is fixed in the gun a little loose. Otherwise, when tolerances of manufacturing were at the maximum value, it would not be possible Mount it on the gun.

The frontal framework of such weapons is designated also as "hand protection". This one protects the hand against contact with the barrel that in the course of a series of Quick shot gets very hot and can lead to severe burns by contact In the case of the charge for taking gases, the hand protection also protects combustion gases hot gas cylinder.

A hand protection of this type is manufactured as a rule of metal, and for better thermal insulation, preferably plastic or composite materials.

For the rest it is known the fixation of form Detachable and mountable from the barrel to the weapon using a nut fitting.

Lately, we tend to equip the weapons of this type with auxiliary devices that extend its field of application, in particular its accuracy of aim. Since the modern weapons also have high shooting accuracy, these must be equipped with a device for mounting said auxiliary devices Devices for mounting this type they would make it easier for the troop to equip ordinance weapons with auxiliary devices, and in the case of civil weapons would facilitate Your reconfiguration

As device mounting devices auxiliary known for example section prismatic rails relatively large that run parallel to the direction of the Canyon. The large section favors reproducible fixation with precision of an auxiliary device. Cross slots ensure the fixation with precise position of the devices and prevent that move longitudinally under the request of the shot. The so-called Picatinny rail is widespread.

Currently, such a rail can be arranged or configured in the box, where there is a firm union with the barrel that is fixed by means of a thread, in the event that The box is rigid enough. But it is also common arrange or configure these rails in hand protection; especially when devices that require a free "field of vision" forward, such as a focus, a grenade launcher or the like.

Known examples of fixation can be found of the front frame or its parts in US 3 751 841 A, US 6 606 812 B1, US 6 618 976 B1, US 4 328 633 A and DE 298 12 829 U1.

In particular document US 3 751 841 A which constitutes an antecedent for claim 1, describes a fixing system of a firearm to fix a component in the area of the gun barrel.

Aiming devices or the like are not They have hand protection because it is necessarily fixed loose on the weapon, and therefore the necessary one is not given reproducibility of the position of the pointing device Regarding the canyon. For this reason the aiming devices, the night sights, the distance meters with electronic aim, etc. They are mounted as before in the gun case. This demands in turn the traditional provision of aiming means available, in order to obtain space for the device assistant. For this reason the weapon is not universally usable. but it ends up being a special weapon with a field of application limited.

The invention must eliminate to the greatest extent possible this disadvantage among others. In particular you must provide  a fixing system by means of which an auxiliary weapon, by example a grenade launcher, or other component that enhances the Weapon functionality, keep your orientation on the weapon permanently and reproducibly accurately, the most possible independent of a warm-up, or of the games by necessary tolerances for assembly. Preferably this component must be easily assembled / disassembled and fast (for example for cleaning or exchange for another component of this type).

The concept "component" here designates any device that surrounds the cannon of the weapon in the area of the frontal framework, or that in a certain way is oriented towards it, for example it is parallel to it. So you can be a hand protection in the proper sense but it can also be a pure mounting rail bracket (for example a support of a Picatinny rail, a STANAG, a PCAP, etc.) or a combined component that fulfills both functions, launcher grenades or similar. The concept also includes components of systems that hug the cannon to a greater or lesser degree, or that are oriented in a certain way with respect to it, such as adapters for a bipod a weapon stand or a bayonet, and integrated vision devices (aiming optics, lasers, lamps or similar) as well as the corresponding elements for use, or these components or assemblies without adapter.

This problem is solved according to the invention. by means of the object of claim 1, namely the system of fixing the type indicated in the introduction has a device with which one or several flat areas directed towards the sleeve, called zone or flat interior areas of the component, you can contact respectively with one or one of the cuff surfaces located in front of that or those.

So it is known to surround the canyon with a sleeve (US 1 370 118), but this measure is used to transmit the recoil over the rear frame and not only over the protection of hands, and therefore requires a physical bond between the cuff that transmits and the cannon that causes the recoil. We can also cite the German weapon Model 1888.

Next and to simplify we will talk only of a hand protection since this is the preferred configuration (claim 4) of the component. Without However, the invention always also comprises another component of the type mentioned above.

The hand protection that has a shape similar to a sleeve, it is also inserted over the sleeve, it is oriented parallel to it and is radially adjacent to This one in certain areas. The sleeve on the other hand surrounds the canyon, in his case leaving a separation, that is to say without contact. For its part rear can be configured as a nut using the which the barrel is attached to the weapon detachably. Of all modes the cuff is always long enough so that when that is mounted through the device, the hand protection is find adjacent to it at least in part.

The heat that is generated when firing leads to through the separation between sleeve and barrel. This expands also the sleeve, but only with a delay and less measure. However, the longitudinal direction of the outer surface of the sleeve, that is, in any case parallel shifts. Therefore, the fixing system does not deform significantly.

Thermal expansion of the sleeve does not block neither the protection of hands, because the sleeve only fixes partially hand protection in the longitudinal direction (principle of fixed-free position). Thus Hand protection does not bend with heat.

The specialist should only still try that the Picatinny rails or tracks, if present, run on the outer surface of the hand protection parallel to the support line -to the longitudinal extension direction of the support surface - between hand protection and cuff; So as that the same lines or surfaces of the protection of hands and sleeve are in contact with each other permanently, it is say become lines or support surfaces. The dimensions of hand protection may vary within magnitudes attributable to tolerances, thermal expansion and / or wear, as the fixing system compensates for variations in Measures of this type.

This ensures with simple means, that a hand protection and a rail or mounting rails arranged in it permanently maintain its angular position with respect to the axis of the bore, even when the hand protection is has dismounted before; and also when the weapon has fired with heating. Thus, in the protection of hands can also be mounted aiming devices, without there must be a direct union between the barrel and the protection of hands that supports the mounting rail for the device aim.

The inner surface of hand protection It is preferably configured with cylindrical or prismatic shape, since such hand protection can be manufactured in large quantities cheaply and easily. For this reason it is It is appropriate to incorporate a straight longitudinal edge into the sleeve and continuous, or provide the sleeve with an outer surface cylindrical or prismatic, on which the Inner surface of hand protection.

The fixing device of the system fixing is arranged as a clamping device between the Cuff and hand protection. In its tightening position, presses the inner and outer surface areas of the hand and sleeve protection facing each other, from so that the overall hand protection is fixed on the sleeve (claim 5).

Preferably, in particular in a embodiment of the invention in chargers by gas intake, the clamping device is configured and arranged between the hand and sleeve protection so that it is respect to the sleeve approximately in a position diametrically opposite to the interior surface segments of hand protection and outer surface of the sleeve that is squeezing ones against the others, and expands between hand protection and cuff (claim 6).

Preferably an expandable body performs the fixing the hand protection, the body being arranged expandable in the clamping device and transmitting of force between the sleeve and hand protection (claim 7).

Preferably the clamping device has a rotating shaft essentially parallel to the sleeve, which is arranged between the sleeve and the hand protection and that supports An eccentric This eccentric constitutes the expandable body (claim 8). Here the axis with the eccentric is arranged in that side of the sleeve that is on the side opposite the tightening position between the pair of surface sections of the hand and cuff protection. The eccentric allows tightening and the comfortable release of the clamping device, so that the Hand protection can be assembled and disassembled in practice as often as desired. For this the eccentric can have in the longitudinal direction of the barrel a considerable length of so that the hand protection is held securely without deform locally.

In a tightening position, the eccentric could stand like a wedge with its eccentric part between the sleeve and Hand protection, from the inside. However it is preferred that the eccentric side located radially opposite the eccentricity, be essentially flush with the shaft. In the tightening position, the shaft takes an angular position such that the eccentric rests on the sleeve and the axis bends elastically Thus in the tightening position at least A tightening area of the shaft rests on the inner face of the hand protection resulting in extensive contact. Thanks to this can generate a high clamping force that provides the corresponding subject to hand protection, but only one small surface pressure because the force is transmitted on a contact area between the inner face of the hand protection and the outer face of the sleeve, relatively large. In position free, the shaft is rotated relative to its tightening position and the eccentric is without pressing against the sleeve or the set free (claim 9).

Advantageously the eccentric is arranged between the ends that respectively constitute tensioning zones of the shaft that supports it, so that in the tightening position, the shaft applies the clamping force between sleeve and protection of hands similar to a leaf spring, and correspondingly, the flow of forces passes between the center of the sleeve, the eccentric, the shaft ends and the hand protection The eccentric can be fixed to the shaft, but advantageously it is connected to the shaft forming a single piece. From this mode ensures that the eccentric never loses its position angular with respect to the axis (claim 10).

Advantageously the sleeve has on its face radial at least two widenings that are arranged displaced in the axial direction (claim 8). When he expandable or eccentric body is arranged on the opposite side radially and axially it is approximately between the two widening, hand protection is tight so that It does not bend even with high clamping forces. In the zone of the widening of the sleeve, it is supported on the one hand the widening of the cuff, which on the other hand are diametrically in front of the tightening zones arranged in the shaft ends In addition, the mounting rails provide the Hand protection additional flexural rigidity. And finally, the specialist knows the force applied by the device tightening and therefore know what level of tightening is still acceptable taking into account manufacturing tolerances, to keep in the desired position hand protection and fixed rails about her.

It is especially advantageous that cuff widenings are configured as flanges annular (claim 12). These annular flanges, in particular with cylindrical outer surface, when the inner surface of hand protection corresponds, hold the protection of hands on an extension, so that it cannot be deformed violently, for example by a fall of the weapon.

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The shaft could have a housing to apply a hex key or similar and turn it. However, for move the shaft it is preferred to join or be able to join the shaft with a lever whose base end extends radially out of the axis (claim 13). The lever may for example be welded. This remains on the shaft and its head end has a distance large enough from the axis to be able to move it

Advantageously the lever can have a shape such that in its tightening position it is around the cuff or hand protection, but with its head end protrudes from these, so that it can be turned to the free position without using a special tool (claim 14).

The lever can be found in any position on the shaft, for example on its front or in the center. However, it is preferred that it be arranged in the area of the rear end of the shaft and behind it, just at the end rear axle a support pin is configured. The support pin rests in a side guide hole in a box, preferably the gun case, and thus centers the axis (claim 15). The rear end of the shaft is guided in the immediate proximity of the lever, so that by means of the lever, very high forces can be applied on the shaft, without that is why the axle overloads its front support or takes it out of its position, losing the parallelism with respect to the sleeve.

Advantageously the shaft passes through a gap of The inner face of hand protection. This gap can be by example an inner face of a Picatinny rail integrated in the hand protection Especially in the case of the spindle shaft support is sufficient and it is preferred that, in the tightening position of the shaft, the front end of the shaft is supported by hand protection or in a Picatinny rail integrated in it. The walls of a guide Picatinny of this type are sufficient for fixing the end front axle

The front end of the shaft does not need to be insured with respect to the sleeve. However it is preferred that in the front end of the shaft is arranged a slot in which it is housed an elastic fork that extends to another annular groove in the front end of the sleeve and thereby couple the shaft with the sleeve (claim 16). However, the elastic fork does not it serves here as a fixed support since it can move elastically in radial direction with respect to the annular groove or it can turn cuff contour length. The elastic fork serves Mainly to hold the shaft when hand protection It is disassembled. Thanks to this, the spike of support formed in the rear end of the shaft remains in the support housing in the box. In this way the axis cannot fall because it is held in front by the elastic fork and behind by the support housing.

It has been mentioned that in principle it is enough that the hand protection is simply fixed in the direction radial. But nevertheless, to keep fixed hand protection and in precise position on the weapon, even with loads that act axially (eg recoil), and simultaneously allow thermal expansion without impediments, it is preferred that near the rear end of the shaft is another eccentric than in the tightening position of the shaft adjustment in a recess in the protection of hands, preferably in the radial direction (claim 17). In the tightening position, the tightening device fixed to the weapon a end of hand protection through form interference, but nevertheless it allows the free expansion and contraction of the other end of the hand protection that is not fixed. But no it is possible to disassemble the hand protection from the weapon while the Hand protection is tight. Preferably, the reduction of the hand protection indicated above is otherwise intern, so that it can be seen from the outside if the eccentric (additional) adjust or not in the recess. This simplifies manufacturing. and, by blocking the eccentric, it moves towards the recess the possible dirt present.

Fixing the hand protection described It can be used in any type of hand protection. Because The advantages described, is especially preferred when the hand protection has at least one mounting rail in its outer face, in particular a Picatinny rail (claim 15). Then it is especially an advantage that the hollow in the face inside of the hand protection be the inside face of the rail of assembly or Picatinny, on which the shaft ends apply the clamping force (claim 19).

The mounting device has more handling safe when it can be locked in its tightening position (claim 20). A user of the weapon when interlocking, overcomes a interlocking resistance that it perceives and recognizes only by the operation, without any additional control, than the device tighten enclave as planned and that the hand protection is set. This is achieved through a corresponding configuration. of the pair of surfaces that interact between the sleeve and the interlocking element (eccentric) or between the protection of hands and the interlocking element (axle tightening areas) (claim 21).

The invention also comprises a firearm. provided with the fixing system described above (claim 22).

The following describes in more detail the fixing system of the invention and the portable weapon equipped with this one, by means of realization examples and referring to the attached figures.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of the part front of a rapid-fire weapon without hand protection, with a clamping device of the fixing system according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through of a part of the section of the weapon represented in Fig. 1, in the free state of the clamping device and with hand protection mounted,

Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section like the of Fig. 2 but with the clamping device in position tight

Fig. 4 shows a cross section to along the line IV-IV of Fig. 2,

Fig. 5 shows a cross section to along the V-V line of Fig. 3, and

Figs. 6 and 7 show representations corresponding to a Fig. 5 with an alternative embodiment of shaft and eccentric.

The drawings show a load gun per shot of gases comprising a basic support block 1, which It constitutes the box or is jointly and severally connected with it. For this reason and to simplify, then the block will be designated as "box 1". In box 1 a cannon 3 is inserted with an axis of the bore 4, by means of a profile of multiple grooves 7 (Fig. 2), and fixed by means of an overlapping sleeve 5 which is threaded to the box 1 by means of a thread 9 as a union nut. A Picatinny rail is configured at the top of box 1 2. 3.

Further on is a housing of gas cylinder 11 inserted on the barrel 3 and fixed by cross pins 13. The gas cylinder housing 11 is connected with a gas cylinder arranged parallel to barrel 3, a through a gas channel that crosses the wall of the canyon 3. The channel and gas cylinder are not shown in the figure. A piston rod 15 parallel to barrel 3, which is pressed towards forward by a spring (not shown) and moving backwards to shoot, acts on the bolt support and drives back the head of the bolt 17 (Figs. 2 and 3) against the force of a closing spring (not shown), to unlock it and open it

The sleeve 5 surrounds the barrel 3 with a separation and presses it against box 1 through a support and a flange 19. The thread 9 provides the necessary force for this finish. Thus the sleeve 5 is a thermal insulator since it does not has no physical contact with cannon 3 along almost the full length But it is particularly important fact that the oscillating behavior of cannon 3 does not change, regardless of the element that is mounted on the face sleeve outside 5.

The inner surface of the sleeve 5 is Widely cylindrical The outer surface of the sleeve 5 can circumscribe in a cylinder that is tangent only to front and rear ends of the sleeve. Among these is the outer surface of the sleeve that in most of its length configures a cylindrical surface, on which the front and rear ends stand out in a circular fashion, and know, with the same radial measurement. These two ends of the sleeve they are configured as 5 ', 5' 'annular flanges with their perimeter cylindrical exterior

Hand protection 21 (Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5) It is made of a suitable material. For example plastic, metal, a plastic with metal inserts or a suitable composite material, and it is formed of a single piece, for example as a piece of injection, a casting, an extruded profile, a piece milled or by a welded construction. Protection has cylindrical inner surface segments 29, 29 '(Fig. 5, 6. 7) with which radially embraces the annular flanges 5 ', 5' 'of the sleeve 5. Tolerance and thermal expansion play with respect to the outer surface of the annular flanges 5 ', 5' ' they are such that hand protection 21 can be inserted over the Weapon easily without resistance. In Fig. 4 these are indicated by an annular separation 6 exaggeratedly represented, the which when hand protection 21 is inserted without tightening, extends between the 5 'and 5' 'annular flanges and the segments of inner surface 29, 29 '. When hand protection 21 falls downward, the upper inner surface segments 29 are rest on the 5 ', 5' 'ring flanges of sleeve 5 and only a residual separation 6 'remains between the surface segments inner bottom 29 'and annular flanges 5', 5 '' (Figs. 5, 6 and 7).

In the embodiment shown, the upper face of hand protection 21 is configured as Picatinny rail 25. This upper face is aligned with the box 1 by rail Picatinny 23. To do this, that is to say to adjust contour direction hand protection 21 on sleeve 5 (including Picatinny 25 rail), hand protection 21 has on its back face a heel 48 directed outward that adjusts in a slot 49 correspondingly configured in the rail Picatinny 23. The upper area of hand protection 21 that form the Picatinny 25 rail is hollow below, which can be a requirement of manufacturing technique, so that the protection of hands 21 have an essentially uniform wall thickness. In this upper hollow space of hand protection 21 are located the gas cylinder, the corresponding rod and its spring (not shown).

The support of the inner surface segments 29, 29 'of hand protection 21 over annular flanges 5 ', 5' 'of sleeve 5 would be enough to provide the hand protection 21 the support necessary for normal use; but not enough to achieve fixed and reproducible orientation precisely with respect to the bore 4. In the case of tolerances unfavorable of the 5 ', 5' 'annular flanges and the segments of  inner surface 29, 29 ', hand protection 21 cannot be mount on the weapon, because its interior space has a diameter too small, or it rests freely on the annular flanges 5 'and 5' 'because he is receiving a strong heat stroke with the cannon cold.

In order to remedy this problem and to ensure hand protection 21 a seat on the weapon A tightening device is uniquely reproducible 33 that fixes hand protection 21 precisely on the weapon inserted, but without preventing the necessary thermal expansion in any address

The clamping device 33 has an axis 35 which extends in direction essentially parallel to cannon 3, and that It is located in the interior space of a section of protection of hands 21 configured as Picatinny bottom rail 27. Space mentioned interior is between the surface segments interior 29 '. The shaft 35 is arranged, analogously to the rod of the gas cylinder 15, in a hollow space of a section of the hand protection configured as Picatinny rail. However, the base of the interior space of the bottom Picatinny rail 27 is not round as in that case, but flat, for reasons that will be explained later.

The hand protection 21 also has two Picatinny side rails 31 (Fig. 5).

Shaft 35 has widenings 35 'and 35' 'in Its two extreme zones. A spike protrudes at its rear end support 39 coaxial with it, which rests with a vertical play in a housing provided in the gun case 1. In front of this spike of support 39 is located on one side of the shaft 35, a lever 37. In its tightening position -Figs. 5 and 7- lever 37 extends outwardly around sleeve 5 and hand protection 21 and its angled end 38 is next to the Picatinny rail higher; in this case on the left side of the weapon seen by behind. In this position, this end of the lever can be perceived at all times - even when pointing - with the eye left, so you see if lever 37 is not found as should next to hand protection (in the closed position) (Figs. 4 and 6). For locking and releasing the device tighten 33, in case it is necessary to apply more forces high than purely manual, the angled end 38 can also be operated with a transport strap.

The front end of axis 35 ends in a spike-shaped projection that has an annular groove in its start. This slot is in the radial direction next to a slot that is arranged on the outer face of the annular flange 5 ' front of the sleeve 5. An elastic fork 41, preferably in the form of two opposite arcs of circumference each of the which is open at the top, is inserted in the annular grooves When hand protection 21 is removed, the elastic fork 41 keeps shaft 35 in position, so that no He might fall down.

The axis 35 is configured in its central part as an eccentric 43 whose face located on the side opposite the Eccentricity has a wide plane that is aligned with axis 35. The eccentric is arranged and configured so that in its tightening position, that is when lever 37 is next to the hand protection 21 (Fig. 5) is directed towards sleeve 5 squeezing it and shaft 35 curves slightly outward (down). He plane in the eccentric section is configured so that when axis 35 is tensioned, that is when it is in position tightening, no force is applied to the hand protection. In the exemplary embodiment there is a separation between the section eccentric shaft and inner face of hand protection 21 located opposite.

The two widenings of the 35 'and 35' 'axis, by the action of the flexural load of the axis 35, are forced towards below on the basis of the interior space of the lower Picatinny rail 27 and throw the inner surface segments 29 over the outer cylindrical surfaces of the 5 'annular flanges and 5''. Thus the axis 35 with the eccentric 43 acts as a tensioned spring spring. Hand protection 21 is coupled with sleeve 5 in a defined position. To this end, the housing in box 1 laterally centers pin 39 with a enough vertical play so that when tightened, the widening 35 '' rear axle can be extended down towards the base of the interior space. The elastic fork 41 allows for widening 35 'forward a corresponding vertical play. In necessary case, lateral centering also takes place through the lateral faces interiors of the space corresponding to the lower Picatinny rail 27, which are adjusted to the diameter of the shaft widenings 35 'and 35' '.

Fig. 3 shows the tightening position it can be clearly seen that axis 35 is slightly curved down and that its widenings 35 'and 35' 'press against the base of the interior space corresponding to the lower Picatinny rail 27. In the free position of Fig. 2 the eccentric is rotated to a side and axis 35 has elastically returned to its initial position. Figs. 4 and 5 present in section the free and squeeze in.

In the tightening state, hand protection it is always fixed in the same angular position with respect to the axis of the encourage and maintain this angular position even with dilations thermal. The front widening 35 'holds the protection of hands 21 although it only prevents its thermal expansion insignificant. In the free position, the protection can be removed of hands 21 forward or can be inserted forward.

For additional assurance in the address axial is an eccentric heel 45 at the rear end of the shaft, between lever 37 and widening 35 '' (Fig. 3). This heel extends radially beyond the widening 35 '' toward the opposite side to the eccentric. In radially opposite position it find a wall segment 46 that is housed between the face back of sleeve 5 and box 1, and thus fix the axial position of axis 35. When lever 37 is picked up and turned the axis 35 from the free position to the tightening position, the heel 45 penetrates back in a recess 47 (eg radial) of the protection of hands 21. By fitting the heel 45 in the recess 47, the hand protection 21 is fixed in axial direction by shape interference

In this way the three couplings of the mechanical protection of hands 21 with the weapon described Previously, they are separated from each other by construction:

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The hand protection 21 is coupled to sleeve 5 by means of its radial support surfaces, i.e. their surface segments inner upper 29 that rest radially on the flanges 5 'and 5' 'ring of the sleeve 5. This is also achieved by the tensioned shaft 35, whose central eccentric 43 presses radially against sleeve 5 and whose two widened ends 35 'and 35' ' press radially against the inner surface of the protection of hands.

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He axial coupling to withstand in particular the recoil forces, takes place by heel 45 in the recess 47 and by the Walloon segment 46.

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And the orientation in the direction of the contour takes place by the heel 48 and its housing or groove 49.

A normal existing weapon, which does not have a sleeve according to the invention to fix the barrel, but only It has the normal union nuts, it can be transformed into any time in a weapon according to the invention by using a sleeve according to the invention, of a clamping device and of one piece, in particular of a hand protection - all of them of the type described (as long as its stem allows gas cylinder). Therefore, existing weapons can be transform into universal weapons (rapid-fire weapons, guns automatic, light automatic weapons, etc.), in which you can mount on its front frame sights or the like, which require an angular position with respect to the reproducible weapon with precision. In the case of sights, hand protection with Picatinny rail It acts as an adapter. But the fixing system according to the invention also allows the assembly of special components as well as their reproducible positioning accurately with respect to the barrel, such as for example a second weapon or an adapter.

In the described embodiment example previously, the coupling between sleeve 5 and the protection of hands 21 takes place through the outer surfaces of the 5 'and 5' 'annular flanges of the sleeve arranged on a coaxial cylinder with it, and the inner surface segments 29 of hand protection 21 configured on a cylinder of corresponding form. In an embodiment not shown, the hand protection can also have surfaces inside flat that are tangent to the annular flanges along axial direction contact lines, from the outside by way of cover, or tangentially embrace the periphery of the flanges 5 ', 5' 'ring. Conversely, the outer surfaces of the annular flanges may have several edges (oriented in axial direction), for example analogous to the outer faces  of a hexagonal nut, and the inner surfaces of the hand protection can be cylindrical, leaning again areas of the inner face of the hand protection along lines on the edges. Naturally the support surfaces of the matching hand and component protection sleeve each other, they can be configured in a complementary way in greater or lesser degree

The surface of the eccentric 43 acting over sleeve 5 is configured so that when the eccentric 43 rotates to the tightening position makes contact in the sleeve 5 first with a rounded area and then, in position of tightening, it makes contact with a flat area, so that when passing to the tightening position a resistance can be perceived retainer in the transition from the rounded zone to the flat zone. Alternatively or additionally, a flat area of this type at the widened ends of the 35 ', 35' 'shaft, which, in the tightening position, it rests on the flat area at the base of the Picatinny bottom rail 27 or at the base of a protection hole of hands 21 arranged there. With this object, the basis is preferably flat, to reinforce the retention effect wanted.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate an embodiment in the that the retention effect is obtained so that the eccentric 43 in its final tightening position it is not directed exactly towards above, but has exceeded its zenith to some degree. To the interlock, the eccentric 43 passes first shortly before reaching the final position, by the position shown in Fig. 6 in which the axis 35 has the maximum tension, and when passing to the final position of tighten (Fig. 7) has a certain tension. This tensioning noticeable, similar to that of a kneepad lever mechanism, generates the desired retention effect. The acting surface of The eccentric does not need to be configured as a plane. Too here the 6 'separation is exaggeratedly represented.

In another embodiment (not shown) the zone central axis that rests on the sleeve, is shaped concentric with the shaft and the shaft ends are provided with Eccentric pressing on the basis of hand protection (on the interior space in the lower Picatinny rail) and that the They push down. In another embodiment, in the position of shaft tightening, the middle area of the shaft can make contact with the hand protection base, while the shaft ends are they rest on the ends of the sleeve.

Claims (22)

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1. Fixing system of a firearm, for holding a component (21), for example hand protection insertable (21), in the barrel area (9) of the portable firearm with: a sleeve that is in a fixed position with respect to the axis of the bore (4) surrounding the barrel (3) at a distance, in particular an annular sleeve (5), which over almost all of its length has no physical union with the barrel, Y a device (33) with which a flat area directed towards the sleeve (5), called the inner flat area (29) of the component (21), can be contacted with an area of outer surface (5 ', 5' ') of the sleeve (5) located opposite that. 2. Fixing system according to claim 1, in which the component (21) surrounds the barrel (3) and the sleeve (5) at least partially or almost entirely. 3. Fixing system according to claim 1 or 2, in which the component (21) is coupled against the rotation to a box, in particular to the weapon box (1). 4. Fixing system according to claim 3, in which the component is hand protection (21). 5. Fixing system according to one of the previous claims, wherein the device (33) is a clamping device (33) disposed between the sleeve (5) and the component (21), which can be brought to a tightening position, and which in its tightening position presses the zones of each other inner (29) and outer (5 ', 5' ') surface of component (21) and of the sleeve (5) facing each other. 6. Fixing system according to claim 5, in which the clamping device (33) is arranged in position diametrically opposite to interior surface areas (29) of the component (21) and outer surface (5 ', 5' ') of the sleeve, which is pressing against each other, and in the position of Tightening expands between the sleeve and the component (21). 7. Fixing system according to claim 6, in which the clamping device (33) has a body expandable (43). 8. Fixing system according to claim 7, in which the clamping device (33) has a rotating shaft (35) essentially parallel to the sleeve (5), which is arranged between the sleeve (5) and the component (21) and that supports a eccentric (43) that constitutes the expandable body. 9. Fixing system according to claim 8, in which the eccentric (43) is essentially flush with the axis (35) on its side located radially opposite the eccentricity, and in its tightening position, it is rotated with its axis (35) of such so that the eccentric rests on the sleeve (5) and the shaft (35) bends elastically, so that a tightening zone (35 ', 35' ') of the shaft (35) applies a clamping force on the component (21), radially tightening his or her inner surface areas (29) against the outer surface area (5 ', 5' ') of the sleeve (5), and in a free position, the eccentric (43) is rotated with the shaft (35) with respect to its tightening position, free the sleeve (5), and the tightening zone (35 ', 35' ') does not apply any force on the component (21). 10. Fixing system according to claim 9, in which at each end of the axis an area of tighten (35 ', 35' ') respectively and the eccentric (43) is attached between these ends with the shaft (35), in particular forming a same piece. 11. Fixing system according to one of the previous claims, wherein the surface area (s) outside of the sleeve that come into contact with the zone (s) inner surface (29) of the component (21), have at least two widenings (5 ', 5' ') arranged on the same radial face of the sleeve (5) and that are displaced in the axial direction. 12. Fixing system according to claim 11 in which the widenings are configured as flanges annular (5 ', 5' '), in particular annular flanges preferably circumferential with cylindrical periphery. 13. Fixing system according to one of the claims from 8 to 12, wherein the axis (35) moves by means of a lever (37) whose base end extends radially out of the shaft (35). 14. Fixing system according to claim 13, in which the lever (37), in its tightening position, is located next to the contour of the sleeve (5) or the component (21), and has a head end that protrudes radially. 15. Fixing system according to claim 14, in which the lever (37) is arranged in the end zone rear of the shaft (35) and at this end is a spike support (39), which fits into a corresponding hole in a box, in particular the weapon case (1), and which laterally guides the axis.

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16. Fixing system according to one of the claims from 8 to 15, wherein at the ends front of the sleeve (35) and shaft (5) a groove is arranged which houses a common elastic fork (41) that couples the front end of the shaft with the front end of the sleeve. 17. Fixing system according to one of the claims from 8 to 16, wherein in the end zone rear of the shaft is another eccentric (45) than in the position shaft tightening (35) fits in a recess (47) in the component (twenty-one). 18. Fixing system according to one of the previous claims, wherein the component (21) has in its outer part at least one mounting rail, in particular a Picatinny rail (25, 27, 31). 19. Fixing system according to claim 17, in which the tightening zone (35 ', 35' ') of the shaft (35) applies the force on the inside face of the mounting rail. 20. Fixing system according to one of the previous claims, wherein the clamping device (33) can be locked in its tightening position. 21. Fixing system according to claim 20, in which the pair of surfaces that interact between the sleeve (5) and interlocking element (33) and / or between the component (21) and the interlocking element (33) is configured so that when moving from the free position to the tightening position a perceptible resistance must be overcome. 22. Portable firearm with a system of fixing according to one of the preceding claims.