ES2319149A1 - Multidirectional hg propulsion system, for ships - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the invention is twofold: 1 DEG To develop a new method (SPM) for propelling ships. 2 DEG To develop a new (multidirectional) method for manouevering ships. The SPM consists of principally four parts (fig.) the technical features of which are set out in "Explanation of the invention": A1 Oscillating shaft A2 Sweep A3 Blade A4 Multidirectional connection. The invention is designed for motor vessels (surface or submarine) and mixed (sail-motor) vessels, both in fresh and salt water. The SPM resolves the relatively low perfomance of propeller propulsions and in its turn increases the manouevering capacity of ships. Without varying the principal features of the SPM, there are other possible versions: - With two sweeps, per propulsion line. - With two blades per sweep.

Description

Multidirectional propulsion system for ships

Description of the invention

Naval building. Propulsion systems in motor, surface and immersion or mixed vessels (sail - engine).

State of the art

No comparable background known by the Author.

Technique Explanation

In the current state of the art, propulsion motorized on ships, it is basically done by propeller, just like that the maneuvers (docking, anchoring, etc.), in combination with the Bow thruster.

In these current propulsion systems and maneuver there are two aspects that are intended to improve, so significant with the use of the Multidirectional Propulsion System (hereinafter SPM) (objectives "a" and "b").

The main advantages of the invention, regarding the current state of the art are: increase very significant propulsion performance and virtually increased Unlimited ship maneuverability. Another advantage, not less important, of the application of SPM, is the elimination of ubiquitous water inlets to the bilge through the horn of the shaft, since with the SPM the passage of the propeller shaft through the hull is Can perform above water level.

An advantageous consequence of the use of SPM is significant fuel savings on ships.

Objectives of the invention

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Objective "a": Increase the propulsion performance , (understanding this as the ratio of energy expenditure / propulsion force achieved), applying for them the technical means and the new way to achieve propulsion, typical of the SPM.

-

Objective "b": Define a new system to carry out the directional maneuvers of ships , thus increasing their government options.

Objective "b", as you will see when speaking of the Claims, it could be considered as a "claim dependent" on objective "a".

The SPM therefore presents, simultaneously significant improvements in both propulsion performance as in the maneuverability of the ship.

Development of the explanation of the invention (figs. 1 to 3)

Essentially the propulsion force achieved with the SPM it is the result of moving a solid (shovel) in the water (with a certain angle of opposition) and harness the reaction force that is generated, to move the ship, just as the blades of a propeller The novelty is in the new way to achieve this force of reaction and the technical means applied for it (essential claim).

Note: Sometimes mention will be made to "prototype" in reference to the prototype built for the occasion to check the viability of the SPM, extract data comparatives, etc. In no case factors will be taken into account as: type of material, dimensions of the components, etc., since these characteristics are not mandatory and are going to depend on each specific application.

\ ding {226} Objective "a" (Significant increase in propulsion performance ). Its practical realization implies the use of the technical means described now and the way in which these work to generate the propulsion force:

Axis rocking

Lira

Shovel

circ Oscillating axis (1)

Normally, but not exclusively, it will be cylindrical (solid or hollow [tubular]), with machining (threads, striated, notches, etc) that each specific application requires.

A singularity of the axis is its working position on the ship: normally perpendicular to the surface of the water at rest (a certain inclination towards the bow or stern is permissible, on the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the ship, by v. Gr. To compensate for the "overlapping" or exaggerated sinking of the stern with certain propulsion conditions.

Another uniqueness of the axis its way of working. It never makes complete revolutions on its longitudinal geometric axis.

Work (Fig. 4) by turning a fraction of a turn on its longitudinal geometric axis (one way) to return to its starting position, with the same turn fraction but in the direction opposite (coming) (fan oscillations). One way and one coming complete constitute a "propulsion cycle".

There are several ways to achieve this movement oscillating axis, but none of them is mandatory. At A crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism was chosen for this purpose (Oscillator mechanism).

\ circ Lira (2)

This part of the SPM is in solidarity with the axis and therefore Both accompanies him in his oscillations.

It consists basically of four types of elements:

\ ding {118} 1 Body (5)

\ ding {118} 2 Arms (6)

\ ding {118} 1 Shovel shaft (7)

\ ding {118} Shovel stops (two or more) (8)

Body (5)

Normally tubular and pierced longitudinally along the oscillating axis. It is the part of the lyre that it fixedly joins the oscillating axis.

Arms (6)

The arms keep the shovel in its position of work, allow it to rotate freely on its axis (blade axis), they transmit the oscillating axis movement and support the stops of it (shovel stops).

The length of the arms can be fixed or variable (on or off). This length determines the magnitude of the "scanning radius".

Shovel shaft (7)

Keeps the shovel in position with respect to lyre body and allows the first to move freely between their stops, so that they are replenished in each cycle.

Shovel stops (8)

Two or more according to each specific application. further  they can be fixed or adjustable (at rest or in motion).

Its mission is to limit the turning path of the shovel when repositioned. This limitation is fundamental since it is the one that defines the magnitude of the angle of attack, which at its time, it is directly related to the amount of force of propulsion generated by the SPM blade when moving.

Normally these stops will be located on the arms of the lyre, although they can also be on the shovel.

\ circ Shovel (3)

Normally a solid body (solid or hollow) of parallelepiped shape, hydrodynamically profiled to minimize the resistance to its movement in the water. You will have the suitable machining (usually a vertical cylindrical hole through) to be able to mount it on the shaft (blade shaft) and turn freely on him.

\ ding {226} Objective "b" multidirectionality (New system for maneuvers directional: multidirectionality).

The way to achieve the maneuvers of the ship and the increased maneuvering options are a direct consequence of the arrangement in which the oscillating axis of the SPM works. (perpendicular to the water at rest).

To understand how the device works (Multidirectional connection, 4), which allows maneuvering in all directions, it is best to follow the sequence of images in Fig. 6: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6, which Schematic form tries to explain this operation.

Multidirectional system (Change the address and the sense of the propulsion force).

Starting from the situation in which the engine ship's propeller is running and connected (clutch) to the SPM and therefore the system is generating propulsion force (Fig. 6.1), the first step is to disconnect (disengage) the motor of the SPM (Fig. 6.2), so that it is at rest.

Next (Fig. 6.3) an auxiliary mechanism, let's put electromechanical, move the disk " Slider "(9) (this disc cannot rotate on the shaft oscillating, it can only slide through it), moving it away from the "disk motor "(10), which will remain at rest.

The motor disk is the one that receives the movement "M" (Fig. 6.1) of the Oscillator Mechanism (in our particular case crankshaft-connecting rod) and transmits it to oscillating axis through its connection with the sliding disc.

When separating the two discs, the pin connection (which in our drawing is integral with the sliding disc, although it could be from the motor) leaves the concrete hole of the driving disc in which it was housed, when both discs were in contact. This action makes the oscillating axis independent (and in consequence to the rest of the SPM) of the motor disk.

Then the oscillating axis (together with the Sliding disc and the rest of the SPM) receives (Fig. 6.4), by the action of an auxiliary mechanism, a partial rotation on itself same (¼ turn, ½ turn, or any fraction of a turn), with which the pin of the sliding disc is relocated in front of another hole in the drive disc.

In our particular case the drive disk supports 8 reset positions, (8x45º = 360º), that is 4 thrust directions (8 thrust directions), but these can be more or less. In fact unlimited.

From here the same auxiliary mechanism that He separated the two albums, reversed his action and put them together again (Fig. 6.5).

We have the motor clutch output disc and the SPM mechanically connected again. But with a new orientation of the latter, regarding the ship. As soon as we clutch again, the SPM will send its propulsion force in another direction and direction. The consequences of being able to guide the thrust seem obvious: multidirectionality .

Notes- In the case of a vessel with a single line propulsion center the scope of rotation allowed to relocate the SPM is 360º (Fig. 5). In the event that the ship mounts two propulsion lines (port and starboard), this area could be seen restricted for each amura, to the distal half circumference of the live work.

Obviously with two propulsion lines combining their actions, you get a range of maneuvers virtually unlimited.

The multidirectional connection system of the SPM explained here (Fig. 6), is the one that has been applied in the construction of the model of a 15 meter long vessel, to 1/10 scale, which has been done to check how they work together all parts of the invention (apart from the scale prototype natural, which has only served to study the different propulsion forces that are achieved with the SPM, combining diverse, blades, angles of attack, radii of sweep, etc.).

So far the "Explanation of the Invention ", which has been based on the simplest way you can adopt the SPM, and that encompasses all the details and requirements technicians deemed necessary to describe the invention.

It is considered convenient to set forth below and, before passing on to the Claims, complementary Explanations of the invention that include theoretical considerations .

So far it has been assigned to each line of SPM propulsion, an oscillating shaft, a lyre and a shovel. But the SPM allows, without modifying its essence, to vary the amount of these elements for each propulsion line.

For this purpose in the prototype have been made tests with two blades per lyre, taking the precaution that the sum of the extensions of the two blades, be the same as that of the single blade (in Fig. 1 a second, more internal blade is outlined) and Testing is planned by mounting more than two blades per lyre. Obviously using two blades per lyre, apart from achieving a range of more varied propulsions, we also have duplicates some Parameters: two different scanning radios, two extensions of shovel that may not be equal, two angles of attack that may not be the same This as for the multiple blades.

When talking about the "Theoretical work of the shovel" (see the section "Theoretical considerations"), the possibility of " suppressing the effects of the rl component " (which result in a pulsating effort tending to move the stern of the ship is pointed out) port and starboard alternately).

In the prototype this suppression has been achieved riding, on each propulsion line, two working lyres simultaneously but in opposition (paths found).

Theoretical considerations

In order to clarify the explanations, they take into consideration some theoretical aspects of PMS.

Theoretical work of the blade (Fig. 9)

During the operation of the SPM, the surface of the shovel that presses the water generates a reaction of this, in opposite way. This reaction force R (sum of all unit reactions), can be broken down into two (r1 and r2).

The "r1" component is not usable for our end. We will use as a force of propulsion the "R2".

By the time the effects of the "r1" arrive to be an inconvenience, it is possible to achieve its cancellation. At prototype was able to suppress these effects with a simple change of design (see: "Additional explanations of the invention").

In the face that does not attack the water a negative pressure (suction force). Part of this force (r3) is Add to R2.

The generation of the propulsion force, a fundamental objective of the invention, can be explained theoretically based on the known fact that `` a surface (let us be flat), of a solid body, when moving in a fluid (in our case water) finds a resistance to this displacement, which in turn depends on several factors, which we can adjust to our needs (angle of attack with which it advances, speed of this displacement, surface extension, etc.). This action of water resistance is what generates the reaction of the blade (R of the
Fig. 9).

The parameters are defined below. main factors to consider for the SPM (Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 7).

\ circ

AB Sweep angle of the lira.

\ circ

AA Angle of attack of the shovel.

\ circ

AS Shadow angle.

\ circ

RB Scanning radius of the lira.

\ circ

VB Sweep speed.

\ circ

US Surface extension of shovel.

\ circ

AP Useful angle of propulsion.

AB - This parameter will normally be fixed for each SPM. Its value will depend on each specific application. At particular case of our prototype, this angle is 92º.

AA - It is the angle that forms the vertical plane of symmetry of the blade, when it is supported by one of its stops, with the geometric tangent to the arc of circumference that describes a point of the geometric axis of the blade axis.

AS - Every time the lyre reaches the end of half cycle and reverse the direction of rotation, the shovel by the water resistance itself, automatically changes its position (repositioning of the blade) looking for the opposite stop. Upon arriving at said stop will begin to generate thrust and will continue to do so while travel the rest of the propulsion angle (AP).

The angle portion consumed so that the shovel Achieve this repositioning is the shadow angle (AS). It is not productive so it should be minimized to the maximum, for which You can act in two ways.

1st- For a given extension of the surface of the blade, make it have an h / a ratio (Fig. 8) numerically as high as possible.

2nd- Compensate the blade, placing its axis (axis of shovel), as close as possible to the center of its width (surfaces "p" and "d" very close in extension, but always "d"> "p").

RB - (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 7) It is the distance that separates the geometric axes from the oscillating axis and the blade axis.

The prototype was built so that this Radio can be varied to test SPM performance based on of this parameter.

VB - Indicates the number of oscillations per minute of the oscillating axis. The propulsion force of the SPM is directly linked to this speed.

US - Indicates the surface extension of each one of the two attack faces of the blade, which will normally be the Same for both.

AP - (AB-AS) Represents the part of the sweep angle (AB), useful for generating propulsion.

Dynamic scheme of the spm (Fig. 10)

This scheme attempts to represent simple a complete swing (cycle) of the SPM. By convention ½ positive cycle, clockwise.

Claims (9)

1. Multidirectional propulsion system for ships characterized by the use of: - An oscillating axis whose working position is perpendicular to the surface of the water at rest. - A Lyre: solidarity with the oscillating axis, and by both accompanies him in his oscillations, and is constituted by a body, two arms of fixed or variable length, a blade shaft and two or more shovel stops located on the arms or on the shovel. - A Shovel - A multidirectional connection. 2. Multidirectional propulsion system according to claim 1 characterized in that it contains two or more lyres for each propulsion line. 3. Multidirectional propulsion system according to claim 1 and 2 characterized by containing two or more blades per lyre for each propulsion line. 4. Multidirectional propulsion system for ships according to claims 1-3 whose connection Multidirectional consists of a sliding disc that cannot rotate on the oscillating axis, it can only slide along it, and a disc motor 5. Multidirectional propulsion system for ships according to claim 4 wherein an auxiliary mechanism moves the sliding disc away from the drive disc and subsequently he reverses his action and brings them together again. 6. Multidirectional propulsion system according to claim 5 characterized in that the oscillating axis works by rotating a fraction of turns on its longitudinal geometric axis (one way) to return to its initial position, with the same fraction of turn but in the opposite direction (coming) (oscillations) fan-shaped) so that a complete round trip comes a propulsion cycle (CP). 7. Multidirectional propulsion system according to claim 6 characterized in that the oscillating shaft has a crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism. 8. Multidirectional propulsion system according to claim 5 characterized in that the sliding disc or the driving disc contains a connecting pin. 9. Change of address procedure and sense of the propulsion force in a Propulsion System Multidirectional according to previous claims comprising the following stages: i) An auxiliary mechanism separates the disk Sliding and the drive disc independent of the oscillating axis. ii) Partial rotation of the oscillating axis (together with the sliding disk and the rest of the SPM) on itself. Relocation of the disks vi) Same auxiliary mechanism that separated the two records, reverses its action and brings them together again.