ES2316327B1 - PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND ITS OBTAINING PROCEDURE. - Google Patents
PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND ITS OBTAINING PROCEDURE. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2316327B1 ES2316327B1 ES200803311A ES200803311A ES2316327B1 ES 2316327 B1 ES2316327 B1 ES 2316327B1 ES 200803311 A ES200803311 A ES 200803311A ES 200803311 A ES200803311 A ES 200803311A ES 2316327 B1 ES2316327 B1 ES 2316327B1
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- Prior art keywords
- aggregate
- recycled
- concrete
- obtaining
- precast concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Prefabricado de hormigón y su procedimiento de obtención.Precast concrete and its procedure obtaining.
Se trata de un prefabricado de hormigón vibrocomprimido obtenido a partir del árido procedente del triturado de escombros que permite un aprovechamiento de estos materiales de desecho para la obtención de una serie piezas de bajas exigencias mecánicas y estructurales.It is a precast concrete vibrocompressed obtained from the aggregate from the crushing of rubble that allows a use of these waste materials for obtaining a series of pieces of low mechanical and structural requirements.
Description
Prefabricado de hormigón y su procedimiento de obtención.Precast concrete and its procedure obtaining.
El objeto de la presente invención se refiere a un prefabricado de hormigón vibrocomprimido obtenido a partir del árido procedente del triturado de escombros que permite un aprovechamiento de estos materiales de desecho para la obtención de una serie de piezas de bajas exigencias estructurales, así como se refiere al propio procedimiento de obtención de ese prefabricado de hormigón.The object of the present invention relates to a prefabricated vibrocompressed concrete obtained from aggregate from crushing debris that allows a use of these waste materials to obtain a series of parts with low structural requirements, as well as refers to the procedure for obtaining that prefabricated concrete.
En la actualidad la gran producción de escombros procedentes de demoliciones determina la búsqueda de un espacio para su almacenamiento controlado, resultando de difícil ubicación ya que generalmente supone una problemática ambiental y paisajística. Estos escombros en ocasiones se emplean para rellenar terrenos o simplemente se depositan en vertederos ilegales.At present the great production of rubble coming from demolitions determines the search for a space for controlled storage, resulting from difficult location since it is generally an environmental problem and landscape. These debris are sometimes used to fill land or simply deposited in illegal landfills.
La recuperación de escombros de obras permite producir morteros y hormigones por ejemplo para su transformación en productos empleados en la misma industria. El proceso normalmente trascurre con la trituración de los escombros y clasificación para la extracción de áridos que son empleados en combinación con otros productos para la conformación de hormigones con aplicación en la fabricación de elementos constructivos.The construction debris recovery allows produce mortars and concrete for example for its transformation in products used in the same industry. The process normally occurs with the crushing of the debris and classification for the extraction of aggregates that are used in combination with other products for forming concrete With application in the manufacture of construction elements.
Normalmente hay hormigones que incorporan elementos de armado necesarios para satisfacer los requerimientos de rigidez precisados en cada caso. La incorporación de elementos metálicos en el elemento constructivo supone un mayor problema de corrosión en las armaduras y la necesidad de añadir mayor cantidad de cemento.Normally there are concretes that incorporate arming elements necessary to meet the requirements of stiffness specified in each case. The incorporation of elements metallic in the construction element is a major problem of reinforcement corrosion and the need to add more of cement.
Por otra parte en otro tipo de aplicaciones con menores exigencias estructurales como es el caso de adoquines, baldosas y otros, existe una tendencia a la sustitución de los áridos naturales por áridos reciclados procedentes de hormigón triturado como parte de la composición del hormigón.Moreover in other types of applications with lower structural requirements such as cobblestones, tiles and others, there is a tendency to replace natural aggregates by recycled aggregates from concrete crushed as part of the concrete composition.
El proceso de conformado de estos elementos constructivos de bajas exigencias mecánicas y estructurales se realiza con un hormigón fluido según un proceso de secado y fraguado, en el que se observan una serie de desventajas, como es el hecho de que los escombros reciclados utilizados para el hormigón pueden incorporar yeso, el cual tiene unas propiedades expansivas, lo que supone que de acuerdo con este proceso se produzca una hidratación y un aumento de volumen que conduce a la formación de microfisuras en el hormigón.The process of forming these elements construction of low mechanical and structural requirements are made with a fluid concrete according to a drying process and set, in which a series of disadvantages are observed, as it is the fact that recycled debris used for concrete they can incorporate plaster, which has expansive properties, which means that according to this process there is a hydration and an increase in volume that leads to the formation of microcracks in concrete.
El prefabricado de hormigón que constituye el objeto de la presente invención viene a resolver la problemática anteriormente expuesta de forma plenamente satisfactoria mediante el empleo de áridos reciclados procedentes de escombros, de acuerdo con un procedimiento de vibrocompresión que facilita el empleo de una mayor cantidad de áridos reciclados que en otros hormigones obtenidos por otros procedimientos.The precast concrete that constitutes the object of the present invention comes to solve the problem previously stated fully satisfactorily by the use of recycled aggregates from debris, according with a vibrocompression procedure that facilitates the use of a greater amount of recycled aggregates than in other concretes obtained by other procedures.
El resultado es la obtención de un prefabricado de hormigón seco sin armadura que se fabrica en una máquina de molde y contramolde vibrante y compactadora.The result is obtaining a prefabricated of dry concrete without reinforcement that is manufactured in a machine Vibrating and compacting mold and countermold.
Este prefabricado de hormigón tiene su aplicación como elemento constructivo de bajas exigencias mecánicas y/o estructurales, tales como adoquines, baldosas, bovedillas, bordillos y rígolas entre otros.This precast concrete has its application as a constructive element with low mechanical requirements and / or structural, such as cobblestones, tiles, vaults, curbs and rígolas among others.
El prefabricado de hormigón según la invención incorpora de modo general agua, cemento y áridos que pueden ser una combinación de áridos naturales con áridos reciclados, contemplando la incorporación de hasta un 100% de áridos reciclados. De acuerdo con la invención y dependiendo de la densidad y de la capacidad de absorción del agua se deben adaptar las proporciones de agua y cemento que se añaden a la mezcla.The precast concrete according to the invention it generally incorporates water, cement and aggregates that can be a combination of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates, contemplating the incorporation of up to 100% recycled aggregates. Agree with the invention and depending on the density and capacity of water absorption water ratios must be adapted and cement that are added to the mixture.
Con estos hormigones vibrocomprimidos se reduce la problemática que se da con los escombros con alto contenido en yeso, ya que las propiedades expansivas del yeso se ven compensadas con los macroporos que existen como consecuencia de este proceso de vibrocompresión y por tanto se minimiza la aparición de fisuras.With these vibrocompressed concrete is reduced the problem that occurs with debris with high content in plaster, since the expansive properties of the plaster are compensated with the macropores that exist as a result of this process of vibrocompression and therefore minimizes the appearance of fissures
De acuerdo con esta solución de combinar áridos reciclados con el procedimiento de vibrocomprimido en la obtención de prefabricados de hormigón se consiguen unas características claramente mejoradas que permite aumentar el porcentaje de árido reciclado empleado.According to this solution of combining aggregates recycled with the vibrocompressed procedure in obtaining Precast concrete features are achieved clearly improved allowing to increase the aggregate percentage Recycled employee.
De esta forma la nueva utilidad que se propone a los áridos reciclados conduce de forma directa a un mejor aprovechamiento de los escombros generados.In this way the new utility that is proposed to recycled aggregates leads directly to better use of the generated debris.
Así pues uno de los objetos de la invención descrito en la reivindicación 1 se refiere al procedimiento de obtención de un prefabricado de hormigón que comprende el vibrado y compresión por compactado de un conformado de agua, cemento y árido, en el que el árido comprende árido reciclado. En una posible realización el procedimiento transcurre con un árido que comprende adicionalmente árido natural mezclado con el árido reciclado.Thus one of the objects of the invention described in claim 1 refers to the method of obtaining a precast concrete that includes vibrating and compression by compacting of a water, cement and aggregate, in which the aggregate comprises recycled aggregate. In a possible realization the procedure proceeds with an aggregate comprising additionally natural aggregate mixed with recycled aggregate.
Otro objeto de la invención reflejado en la reivindicación 3 se refiere al prefabricado de hormigón obtenido de acuerdo con el procedimiento arriba descrito.Another object of the invention reflected in the claim 3 refers to the precast concrete obtained from according to the procedure described above.
Así pues entre las ventajas que se consiguen con este prefabricado vibrocomprimido destacan las siguientes:So among the advantages that are achieved with This prefabricated vibrocompressed stand out the following:
- --
- se evita el empleo de armaduras,be avoid the use of armor,
- --
- se incluye la fracción fina del árido,be includes the fine fraction of the aggregate,
- --
- se evitan los problemas de dosificación que se producen en los hormigones fluidos,be avoid dosage problems that occur in fluid concretes,
- --
- se evitan problemas de carbonatación,be avoid carbonation problems,
- --
- se puede obtener un amplio abanico de piezas constructivas de uso común y mayoritario,be You can get a wide range of construction parts for use common and majority,
- --
- se aplica para aquellas piezas prefabricadas que requieren menores exigencias mecánicas y estructurales,be Applies to those prefabricated parts that require minors mechanical and structural requirements,
- --
- se pueden usar moldes de precisión mas elevada,be they can use higher precision molds,
- --
- se consigue un mayor control sobre las variables de fabricación.be get more control over the variables of manufacturing.
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Para poder ajustar las dosificaciones de los distintos áridos que formarán parte del prefabricado de hormigón según la invención se tienen en consideración las densidades y la capacidad de absorción de agua y humedad de los distintos áridos.In order to adjust the dosages of the different aggregates that will be part of the precast concrete according to the invention the densities and the water and moisture absorption capacity of the various aggregates
El ajuste de la dosificación es siempre en volumen, ya que la superficie efectiva de contacto entre el material cementante y el árido depende del volumen del árido y no de su masa. Al sustituir un árido por otro para efectuar la conversión se considera la relación de densidades que determinan la cantidad en masa que debe pesar para preparar la dosificación.The dosage adjustment is always in volume, since the effective contact surface between the cementitious and aggregate material depends on the volume of the aggregate and not of its mass. By replacing an aggregate with another to effect the conversion is considered the ratio of densities that determine the mass quantity to weigh to prepare the dosage.
Para determinar la densidad y la absorción de agua de los áridos naturales y del árido reciclado, el árido reciclado es dividido en su fase fina (<4 mm) (arena) y en su fase gruesa (>4 mm) (grava). Se compara la curva granulométrica del árido reciclado con la curva granulométrica del árido natural para poder diseñar la dosificación del material reciclado.To determine the density and absorption of water from natural aggregates and recycled aggregate, aggregate recycling is divided into its fine phase (<4 mm) (sand) and its thick phase (> 4 mm) (gravel). The granulometric curve is compared of recycled aggregate with the granulometric curve of natural aggregate to be able to design the dosage of the recycled material.
Un prefabricado de hormigón de referencia podría incorporar la siguiente dosificación:A precast concrete reference could incorporate the following dosage:
- \bullet?
- 88% de árido natural formado por grava (44%) y arena (44%)88% natural aggregate formed by gravel (44%) and sand (44%)
- \bullet?
- 7% cemento7% cement
- \bullet?
- 5-5,5% de agua5-5.5% of Water
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Un prefabricado de acuerdo con un primer ejemplo de la invención se concibe por ejemplo sustituyendo de forma completa el árido natural por un árido reciclado procedente de una planta de reciclaje sin eliminación de la fracción fina (0-12,5), dando lugar a las siguientes proporciones:A prefabricated according to a first example of the invention is conceived for example by substituting completes the natural aggregate by a recycled aggregate from a recycling plant without removing the fine fraction (0-12.5), giving rise to the following proportions:
- \bullet?
- 88% de árido reciclado (0-12,5)88% recycled aggregate (0-12.5)
- \bullet?
- 7% cemento7% cement
- \bullet?
- 5-5,5% agua5-5.5% Water
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Un prefabricado de acuerdo con un segundo ejemplo de la invención se concibe con un 50% de la dosificación de referencia y con un 50% de reciclado.A prefabricated according to a second example of the invention is conceived with 50% of the dosage of reference and with 50% recycling.
Un prefabricado de acuerdo con un tercer ejemplo de la invención se concibe con un 80% de la dosificación de referencia y con un 20% de reciclado.A prefabricated according to a third example of the invention is conceived with 80% of the dosage of reference and with 20% recycling.
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De acuerdo con otro ejemplo el prefabricado de hormigón usando la fracción gruesa reciclada incorpora:According to another example the prefabricated of Concrete using the recycled coarse fraction incorporates:
- \bullet?
- 60% de arena natural (fracción fina)60% natural sand (fraction fine)
- \bullet?
- 40% reciclado 4-12,5 (fracción gruesa)40% recycled 4-12.5 (thick fraction)
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En otra posible solución el prefabricado de hormigón incluiría la fracción reciclada fina con la siguiente composición:In another possible solution the prefabricated of concrete would include the fine recycled fraction with the following composition:
- \bullet?
- 50% de arena natural50% natural sand
- \bullet?
- 10% grava natural10% natural gravel
- \bullet?
- 40% reciclado 2-4 (fracción fina).40% recycled 2-4 (fine fraction).
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803311A ES2316327B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2008-11-20 | PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND ITS OBTAINING PROCEDURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803311A ES2316327B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2008-11-20 | PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND ITS OBTAINING PROCEDURE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2316327A1 ES2316327A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
| ES2316327B1 true ES2316327B1 (en) | 2010-02-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803311A Expired - Fee Related ES2316327B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2008-11-20 | PREFABRICATED CONCRETE AND ITS OBTAINING PROCEDURE. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2316327B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3199622B2 (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 2001-08-20 | 新和プラント機工株式会社 | How to recycle aggregate from waste concrete, recycled aggregate |
-
2008
- 2008-11-20 ES ES200803311A patent/ES2316327B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2316327A1 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
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