ES2312326T3 - MT / BT DRY ISOLATION TRANSFORMER, WITH LINEARLY DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC FIELD, FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN RURAL ENVIRONMENT. - Google Patents
MT / BT DRY ISOLATION TRANSFORMER, WITH LINEARLY DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC FIELD, FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN RURAL ENVIRONMENT. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2312326T3 ES2312326T3 ES00401081T ES00401081T ES2312326T3 ES 2312326 T3 ES2312326 T3 ES 2312326T3 ES 00401081 T ES00401081 T ES 00401081T ES 00401081 T ES00401081 T ES 00401081T ES 2312326 T3 ES2312326 T3 ES 2312326T3
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- winding
- transformer
- distribution
- cylinder
- layer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
- H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/288—Shielding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Transformador MT/BT de aislamiento seco, con campo eléctrico linealmente repartido, para la distribución de energía eléctrica en medio rural.MT / BT dry isolation transformer, with linearly distributed electric field, for the distribution of Electric power in rural areas.
La presente invención se refiere a un transformador eléctrico MT/BT monofásico o polifásico, de aislamiento seco, destinado a una instalación en interior o en exterior para la distribución de energía eléctrica.The present invention relates to a single-phase or multi-phase MT / BT electrical transformer, of dry insulation, intended for indoor or outdoor installation exterior for the distribution of electrical energy.
Al contrario que otros aparatos generalmente utilizados para la distribución de energía eléctrica en exterior, los transformadores de aislamiento seco permiten al explotador liberarse de las restricciones ligadas a la protección del medio ambiente e impuestas por la presencia de un dieléctrico líquido tal como un aceite mineral que, aunque no presenta generalmente ninguna toxicidad particular, implica no obstante un medio de retención en caso de fuga para evitar cualquier derramamiento accidental que podría contaminar las aguas superficiales, la capa freática, etc. Ahora bien, este medio de retención es difícilmente considerable para un transformador destinado a una instalación en exterior, como en el caso de los transformadores de distribución instalados encima de un poste por ejemplo.Unlike other devices generally used for the distribution of electrical energy outdoors, dry isolation transformers allow the operator free from restrictions linked to environmental protection ambient and imposed by the presence of such a liquid dielectric as a mineral oil that, although it does not usually present any particular toxicity, however, implies a means of retention in case of leakage to avoid any accidental spillage that It could contaminate surface waters, the water table, etc. Now this means of retention is hardly considerable for a transformer intended for outdoor installation, such as in the case of distribution transformers installed above of a pole for example.
Los transformadores MT/BT de aislamiento seco se utilizan mucho en la distribución de energía eléctrica. No obstante, las tecnologías generalmente empleadas, por una parte no permiten realizar aparatos de costes comparables a los de los transformadores de dieléctrico líquido, especialmente en las potencias inferiores o iguales a 250 kVA, y por otra parte no permiten una instalación en exterior. Por consiguiente, el usuario de un transformador de tipo seco está obligado a colocar el aparato en una carcasa de protección contra la intemperie, lo que acentúa el exceso de coste de la instalación.MT / BT dry isolation transformers are They use a lot in the distribution of electrical energy. Do not However, the technologies generally employed, on the one hand, do not allow devices to be made comparable to those of liquid dielectric transformers, especially in the powers less than or equal to 250 kVA, and otherwise not They allow an outdoor installation. Therefore, the user of a dry type transformer is required to place the device in a weatherproof housing, which accentuates the excess cost of the installation.
Además, los transformadores MT/BT de aislamiento seco conocidos comprenden generalmente un encapsulado del arrollamiento MT con la ayuda de una resina termoendurecible, tal como una resina epoxídica. Pueden considerarse igualmente otras soluciones: la patente FR-A-2 637 729 (número 88 13 180, patente TRANSFIX) presenta una de ellas, particularmente adaptada para la realización de transformadores de potencia utilizados en interior. No obstante, para todas estas tecnologías, el campo eléctrico no está dirigido, lo que por una parte conduce a distancias eléctricas relativamente grandes y, por otra parte, es incompatible con los ambientes exteriores y contaminados.In addition, isolation MT / BT transformers known dry generally comprise an encapsulation of MT winding with the help of a thermosetting resin, such as an epoxy resin. Other ones can also be considered Solutions: FR-A-2 637 729 (number 88 13 180, TRANSFIX patent) presents one of them, particularly adapted for the realization of transformers of power used indoors. However, for all these technologies, the electric field is not directed, which by a part leads to relatively large electrical distances and, for Moreover, it is incompatible with outdoor environments and contaminated
El objetivo de la invención es aliviar los inconvenientes de la técnica anterior citada por medio de un transformador de aislamiento seco de diseño sencillo y de bajo coste.The objective of the invention is to alleviate drawbacks of the prior art cited by means of a dry isolation transformer of simple and low design cost.
El transformador según la invención se caracteriza por el hecho de que comprende para cada una de sus fases un cilindro aislante situado entre el arrollamiento BT y el arrollamiento MT, y porque este cilindro está revestido en su superficie interior por una capa conductora o semiconductora unida al potencial de tierra, y en su superficie exterior por una capa de material semiconductor repartidor lineal de tensión RLT, sobre la que está bobinado localmente el arrollamiento MT.The transformer according to the invention is characterized by the fact that it comprises for each of its phases an insulating cylinder located between the BT winding and the MT winding, and because this cylinder is coated in its inner surface by a conductive or semiconductor layer attached to the ground potential, and on its outer surface by a layer of RLT linear voltage distribution semiconductor material, on the that the MT winding is locally wound.
Gracias a esta estructura, se realiza un aislamiento que presenta un campo eléctrico abierto pero no obstante repartido de manera homogénea en las zonas sensibles en las que irradia en el aire ambiental.Thanks to this structure, a insulation that presents an open electric field but nevertheless homogeneously distributed in sensitive areas where radiates in the ambient air.
Preferiblemente, el arrollamiento MT del transformador según la invención presenta una estructura de placas de poca anchura, constituidas por una superposición de capas de espiras, y conectadas en serie, de modo que el reparto del potencial en dicho arrollamiento es de tipo axial.Preferably, the MT winding of the transformer according to the invention has a plate structure of low width, constituted by an overlay of layers of you turn, and connected in series, so that the distribution of potential in said winding is axial.
Otras características y ventajas de la invención se deducirán de la descripción siguiente, tomada a título de ejemplo no limitativo, en referencia a las figuras adjuntas en las que:Other features and advantages of the invention shall be deducted from the following description, taken as non-limiting example, referring to the figures attached in the that:
- la figura 1 representa un corte vertical de un primer modo de realización de un transformador según la invención,- Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a first embodiment of a transformer according to the invention,
- la figura 2 representa un corte vertical de un segundo modo de realización de un transformador según la invención,- Figure 2 represents a vertical section of a second embodiment of a transformer according to the invention,
- la figura 3 representa un ejemplo de acoplamiento de los arrollamientos de un transformador trifásico según la invención,- Figure 3 represents an example of coupling of the windings of a three-phase transformer according to the invention,
- la figura 4 representa esquemáticamente una variante del transformador representado en la figura 1,- Figure 4 schematically represents a variant of the transformer shown in figure 1,
- la figura 5 representa esquemáticamente una segunda variante del transformador representado en la figura 1.- Figure 5 schematically represents a second variant of the transformer shown in figure 1.
La figura 1 representa un transformador eléctrico MT/BT trifásico de aislamiento seco destinado a una instalación en interior o en exterior para la distribución de energía eléctrica.Figure 1 represents a transformer Three-phase electric MT / BT dry insulation intended for a indoor or outdoor installation for the distribution of electric power.
Como puede observarse en esta figura, alrededor de un circuito 1 magnético, está colocado un arrollamiento 2 BT y, colocado de manera concéntrica a este arrollamiento 2, un cilindro 3 aislante que presenta en su superficie interior una capa 4 conductora o semiconductora unida al potencial de la tierra, y en su superficie exterior, una capa 5 de material semiconductor designada RLT, cuya función es garantizar un reparto lineal de la tensión por toda la longitud del cilindro aislante. Un arrollamiento 6 MT está situado directamente sobre la capa de material RLT y recubre la parte central de la misma. Este arrollamiento presenta la particularidad de estar realizado de manera que la evolución del potencial entre las diferentes espiras que lo constituyen se realiza principalmente según el sentido axial.As can be seen in this figure, around of a magnetic circuit 1, a winding 2 BT is placed and, placed concentrically to this winding 2, a cylinder 3 insulator that has a layer 4 on its inner surface conductive or semiconductor linked to the potential of the earth, and in its outer surface, a layer 5 of designated semiconductor material RLT, whose function is to guarantee a linear distribution of the voltage by the entire length of the insulating cylinder. A 6 MT winding is located directly on the layer of RLT material and covers the central part of it. This winding presents the particularity of being carried out so that the evolution of potential between the different turns that constitute it is realized mainly according to the axial direction.
El cilindro 3 aislante está constituido por un material de características dieléctricas elevadas y se obtiene por moldeo, extrusión o cualquier otro procedimiento que permite obtener un cilindro exento de huecos y perfectamente homogéneo. Este material puede ser un material termoplástico, como el polietileno utilizado en la confección de cables de alta tensión, o incluso un elastómero, silicona o EPDM por ejemplo. La capa 4 conductora o semiconductora puede obtenerse por la proyección de un material sintético cargado de un polvo metálico sobre el diámetro interior del tubo 3 aislante. Los materiales semiconductores cuya permitividad y cuya resistividad varían en función del campo eléctrico se conocen y se utilizan en electrotécnica para la realización de accesorios de cables de alta tensión, y más particularmente en la confección de los extremos retráctiles que equipan estos cables. Estos materiales denominados repartidores lineales de tensión (RLT) están generalmente constituidos por uno o varios óxidos, tales como carburo de silicio, mezclados con una resina o una masilla. En la presente aplicación, la capa 5 de material RLT puede obtenerse por el arrollamiento de una hoja, el bobinado de una cinta, o el aplastamiento de un tubo premoldeado sobre el diámetro exterior del cilindro 3 aislante.The insulating cylinder 3 is constituted by a material with high dielectric characteristics and is obtained by molding, extrusion or any other procedure that allows to obtain a cylinder free of holes and perfectly homogeneous. This material can be a thermoplastic material, such as polyethylene used in making high voltage cables, or even a elastomer, silicone or EPDM for example. The conductive layer 4 or semiconductor can be obtained by projecting a material synthetic loaded with a metallic powder on the inside diameter of insulating tube 3. Semiconductor materials whose permittivity and whose resistivity vary depending on the field electrical are known and used in electrotechnics for the realization of high voltage cable accessories, and more particularly in making the retractable ends that Equip these cables. These materials called distributors Linear voltage (RLT) are generally constituted by one or various oxides, such as silicon carbide, mixed with a resin or putty In the present application, layer 5 of RLT material can be obtained by winding a sheet, the winding a tape, or crushing a pre-molded tube on the outer diameter of the insulating cylinder 3.
Según un modo preferido de realización de la invención ilustrado por la figura 1, el arrollamiento 6 MT está constituido por placas 7 de poca anchura, conectadas entre sí en serie. Cada una de estas placas está constituida por capas de espiras 9 superpuestas, realizadas a partir de un hilo de material 8 conductor de sección circular revestido por un barniz aislante.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated by figure 1, the winding 6 MT is constituted by plates 7 of small width, connected to each other in Serie. Each of these plates consists of layers of 9 superimposed turns, made from a thread of material 8 Circular section conductor covered by an insulating varnish.
Según otro modo de realización presentado en la figura 2, el arrollamiento MT se obtiene con la ayuda de una cinta 10 de material conductor desnudo de sección rectangular, eligiéndose el material utilizado por su ductilidad. Esta cinta 10 conductora está bobinada de canto y asociada a una película 11 aislante de poco espesor.According to another embodiment presented in the Figure 2, the MT winding is obtained with the help of a tape 10 of bare conductor material of rectangular section, being chosen the material used for its ductility. This conductive tape 10 it is winding of song and associated to a film 11 insulating little thickness.
Tal como puede verse en la figura 1, el aspecto del campo eléctrico resultante de este modo de concepción corresponde al caso de un transformador trifásico cuyos arrollamientos 6 MT están acoplados en triángulo, tal como se presenta en la figura 3. Así, se constata que el campo eléctrico radial situado entre el arrollamiento 6 MT y el arrollamiento 2 BT está contenido íntegramente en el cilindro 3 aislante, entre la capa 4 unida al potencial de la tierra y la capa 5 RLT. El campo axial se reparte por una parte sobre toda la longitud axial del arrollamiento 6 MT, y por otra parte al nivel de los extremos del cilindro 3 aislante no recubiertos por el arrollamiento 6 MT, pero no obstante recubiertos por la capa 5 de material RLT. En estas tres zonas, el campo eléctrico que irradia en el aire se reparte de manera homogénea y permanece suficientemente reducido para excluir cualquier riesgo de descargas parciales o de formación de un arco eléctrico.As can be seen in Figure 1, the appearance of the electric field resulting from this mode of conception corresponds to the case of a three phase transformer whose 6 MT windings are coupled in triangle, as presented in figure 3. Thus, it is found that the electric field radial located between the winding 6 MT and the winding 2 BT is contained entirely in the insulating cylinder 3, between the layer 4 linked to the potential of the earth and the 5 RLT layer. Axial field It is distributed on one part over the entire axial length of the winding 6 MT, and on the other hand at the level of the ends of the insulating cylinder 3 not covered by winding 6 MT, but however coated by layer 5 of RLT material. In these three zones, the electric field that radiates in the air is distributed homogeneous manner and remains sufficiently reduced to exclude any risk of partial discharge or arc formation electric.
Para mejorar la resistencia del transformador frente a las agresiones del clima, este último está revestido completamente por una capa 12 de material sintético que presenta una buena resistencia a la radiación ultravioleta, a una descarga superficial eléctrica y a los esfuerzos eléctricos transversales que podrían conducir a una perforación de dicho revestimiento. Esto puede obtenerse por ejemplo por inmersión del transformador en un baño, o por proyección mediante pistola neumática, de un material sintético que presenta las características deseadas. De esta manera se garantiza también la protección contra la corrosión de las partes mecánicas y el relleno de los intersticios existentes entre las diferentes partes del aparato. La figura 4 presenta el transformador descrito en la figura 1 y dotado de su revestimiento 12.To improve transformer resistance in the face of weather aggressions, the latter is coated completely by a layer 12 of synthetic material that has a good resistance to ultraviolet radiation, to a discharge electrical surface and transverse electrical stresses that they could lead to a perforation of said coating. This it can be obtained for example by immersing the transformer in a bath, or projection by pneumatic gun, of a material synthetic that presents the desired characteristics. In this way the corrosion protection of the parts is also guaranteed mechanics and the filling of the existing interstices between the Different parts of the device. Figure 4 presents the transformer described in figure 1 and equipped with its coating 12.
La figura 5 presenta una variante cuyo interés es prolongar la distancia de descarga superficial en las zonas en las que el campo eléctrico que irradia en el aire es el más denso, y que corresponden a los extremos del cilindro aislante no recubierto por el arrollamiento MT. Con este objetivo, anillos 13 de material aislante están repartidos de manera regular por el cilindro (13) aislante. El revestimiento 12 aplicado al conjunto del transformador sella la zona de contacto entre los anillos 13 y la capa 5 de material RLT y realiza así faldas idénticas a las que comprendería un aislador eléctrico.Figure 5 presents a variant whose interest is to extend the distance of surface discharge in areas where which the electric field that radiates in the air is the densest, and corresponding to the ends of the uncoated insulating cylinder by MT winding. With this objective, rings 13 of material insulators are distributed regularly by the cylinder (13) insulating. The coating 12 applied to the whole transformer seals the contact area between rings 13 and the layer 5 of RLT material and thus make skirts identical to those I would understand an electrical insulator.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9905938 | 1999-05-10 | ||
| FR9905938A FR2793599B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | DRY ISOLATED MV / LV TRANSFORMER WITH A LINEARLY DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC FIELD FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN RURAL AREAS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2312326T3 true ES2312326T3 (en) | 2009-03-01 |
Family
ID=9545413
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES00401081T Expired - Lifetime ES2312326T3 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-04-18 | MT / BT DRY ISOLATION TRANSFORMER, WITH LINEARLY DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC FIELD, FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN RURAL ENVIRONMENT. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1052659B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE404984T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60039813D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2312326T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2793599B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007006005B3 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-07-31 | Volker Werner Hanser | High-voltage transformer, has high- and low-voltage coils, between which high-voltage insulation is provided, and electrically conductive layers placed on defined potentials, which are same or close to high and low-voltages, respectively |
| CN108987038B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2021-11-26 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Magnetic assembly |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2150214A1 (en) * | 1971-10-08 | 1973-04-12 | Transformatoren Union Ag | SIGNED WINDING FOR TRANSFORMERS |
| US4518941A (en) * | 1983-11-16 | 1985-05-21 | Nihon Kohden Corporation | Pulse transformer for switching power supplies |
| NZ333017A (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 2000-09-29 | Asea Brown Boveri | Cable for use in transformer or dynamoelectric machine, insulation layer between two semiconducting layers |
-
1999
- 1999-05-10 FR FR9905938A patent/FR2793599B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-18 EP EP00401081A patent/EP1052659B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-18 AT AT00401081T patent/ATE404984T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-18 ES ES00401081T patent/ES2312326T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-18 DE DE60039813T patent/DE60039813D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1052659A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
| FR2793599B1 (en) | 2001-07-06 |
| ATE404984T1 (en) | 2008-08-15 |
| DE60039813D1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| EP1052659B1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
| FR2793599A1 (en) | 2000-11-17 |
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