ES2304097B2 - KIT FOR THE DETERMINATION "IN SITU" OF THE STATE OF PASSIVATION OF ARMORS IN REINFORCED OR REINFORCED CONCRETE. - Google Patents
KIT FOR THE DETERMINATION "IN SITU" OF THE STATE OF PASSIVATION OF ARMORS IN REINFORCED OR REINFORCED CONCRETE. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2304097B2 ES2304097B2 ES200700280A ES200700280A ES2304097B2 ES 2304097 B2 ES2304097 B2 ES 2304097B2 ES 200700280 A ES200700280 A ES 200700280A ES 200700280 A ES200700280 A ES 200700280A ES 2304097 B2 ES2304097 B2 ES 2304097B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
Abstract
Kit para la determinación "in situ" del estado de pasivación de armaduras en hormigones armados o pretensados.Kit for the determination " in situ " of the state of passivation of reinforcements in reinforced or prestressed concrete.
La presente invención tiene por objeto un kit que comprende dos reactivos A y B, así como una carta de colores, que permiten determinar de una forma fiable y precisa, a través de medidas de pH aplicadas sobre un testigo de hormigón armado del elemento a tratar, tanto el estado pasivo como el activo del acero utilizado para la fabricación de hormigones armados o pretensados, con el fin de determinar el riesgo de corrosión. Los reactivos A y B, son disoluciones de los indicadores amarillo de alizarina R y carmín índigo, respectivamente.The present invention aims at a kit comprising two reagents A and B, as well as a color chart, that allow to determine in a reliable and precise way, through pH measurements applied to a reinforced concrete control element to be treated, both the passive and active state of steel used for the manufacture of reinforced or prestressed concrete, in order to determine the risk of corrosion. Reagents A and B, are solutions of the yellow indicators of alizarin R and Indigo Carmine, respectively.
El ámbito de aplicación de la presente invención se centraría en todo tipo de hormigones armados utilizados tanto en construcciones civiles como ingenieriles, sobre los que sea necesario realizar estudios de durabilidad por presentar signos de corrosión de armaduras u otros elementos de acero embebidos.The scope of the present invention it would focus on all kinds of reinforced concrete used both in civil constructions as engineering, on whatever It is necessary to carry out studies of durability by presenting signs corrosion of reinforcements or other embedded steel elements.
Description
Kit para la determinación "in situ" del estado de pasivación de armaduras en hormigones armados o pretensados.Kit for the determination " in situ " of the state of passivation of reinforcements in reinforced or prestressed concrete.
La presente invención tiene por objeto un kit que comprende dos reactivos A y B, así como una carta de colores, que permiten determinar de una forma fiable y precisa, a través de medidas de pH aplicadas sobre un testigo de hormigón armado del elemento a tratar, tanto el estado pasivo como el activo del acero utilizado para la fabricación de hormigones armados o pretensados, con el fin de determinar el riesgo de corrosión. Los reactivos A y B, son disoluciones de los indicadores amarillo de alizarina R y carmín índigo, respectivamente.The present invention aims at a kit comprising two reagents A and B, as well as a color chart, that allow to determine in a reliable and precise way, through pH measurements applied to a reinforced concrete control element to be treated, both the passive and active state of steel used for the manufacture of reinforced or prestressed concrete, in order to determine the risk of corrosion. Reagents A and B, are solutions of the yellow indicators of alizarin R and Indigo Carmine, respectively.
El ámbito de aplicación de la presente invención se centraría en todo tipo de hormigones armados utilizados tanto en construcciones civiles como ingenieriles, sobre los que sea necesario realizar estudios de durabilidad por presentar signos de corrosión de armaduras u otros elementos de acero embebidos.The scope of the present invention it would focus on all kinds of reinforced concrete used both in civil constructions as engineering, on whatever It is necessary to carry out studies of durability by presenting signs corrosion of reinforcements or other embedded steel elements.
En referencia a la durabilidad del hormigón armado, si bien la elevada alcalinidad del hormigón preserva al acero frente a la corrosión, la penetración de anhidrido carbónico (CO_{2}) través de los poros del hormigón causa la carbonatación del mismo y la desprotección del acero. La consecuencia es evidente: la corrosión electroquímica de las armaduras y los elevados costes asociados a la rehabilitación de las estructuras deterioradas.In reference to the durability of concrete reinforced, although the high alkalinity of the concrete preserves the Corrosion steel, carbonic anhydride penetration (CO 2) through the pores of the concrete causes carbonation thereof and the deprotection of steel. The consequence is evident: electrochemical corrosion of the reinforcements and high costs associated with the rehabilitation of structures deteriorated
El hormigón supone una barrera física que separa el acero de la atmósfera; de este modo, en la interfase acero-hormigón se forma una capa pasivante y autorregenerable (J.R. Gancedo et al., "AES study of the passive layer formed on iron in saturated hydralime solutions", Corrosion, NACE, 45, 1989, p. 976) debida a un proceso de carácter esencialmente electroquímico (K.K. Sagoe-Crentsil & F.P. Glasser, "Steele in concrete, Part I, a review of the electrochemical and thermodynamic aspects" Glusser. Mag. Concrete Research, 41, 1989, pp. 205-212) y basado en la elevada alcalinidad del hormigón (pH entre 12.5 y 13.5), provocada por los hidróxidos de calcio, sodio y potasio disueltos en la solución acuosa de la red de poros del mismo (P. Schiessl, "Corrosion of reinforcement", CEB boletín, 152, 1984, pp. 73-93), así como en la existencia de un potencial electroquímico apropiado. El acero de este modo permanecerá indefinidamente pasivo, a menos que se produzca una disminución del valor de pH, necesaria para iniciar la destrucción del estado pasivo.Concrete is a physical barrier that separates steel from the atmosphere; in this way, a passive and self-regenerating layer is formed at the steel-concrete interface (JR Gancedo et al ., "A ES study of the passive layer formed on iron in saturated hydralime solutions ", Corrosion, NACE, 45, 1989, p .976 ) due to an essentially electrochemical process ( KK Sagoe-Crentsil & FP Glasser , " Steele in concrete, Part I, a review of the electrochemical and thermodynamic aspects " Glusser. Mag. Concrete Research, 41, 1989, pp. 205-212 ) and based on the high alkalinity of the concrete (pH between 12.5 and 13.5), caused by the calcium, sodium and potassium hydroxides dissolved in the aqueous solution of the pore network ( P. Schiessl , " Corrosion of reinforcement ", CEB bulletin, 152, 1984, pp. 73-93 ), as well as in the existence of an appropriate electrochemical potential. The steel will thus remain indefinitely passive, unless there is a decrease in the pH value, necessary to initiate the destruction of the passive state.
La desprotección de las armaduras del hormigón se debe fundamentalmente a su carbonatación, a la existencia de humedad y a la presencia de iones despasivantes, sobre todo cloruros. En cualquier caso, estos factores posibilitan que se produzca, local o generalizadamente, un pH en el hormigón por debajo de un valor crítico.Deprotection of concrete reinforcements It is mainly due to its carbonation, the existence of moisture and the presence of depasivating ions, especially chlorides In any case, these factors make it possible to produce, locally or in general, a pH in the concrete by below a critical value.
Tan pronto como el hormigón endurecido comienza a carbonatarse, incluso a concentraciones de dióxido de carbono atmosférico del 0.03% en volumen (I. Sirvent, "Tecnología y terapéutica del hormigón armado, Tomo I"; Instituto Técnico de la Construcción, cap. VIII, 1997, pp. 749-823) o similares, existirán en el hormigón dos zonas con valores de pH diferentes, una interna de pH superior a 12 y otra externa de pH cercano a 7. Cuando las armaduras se encuentran en la zona carbonatada, a valores de pH inferiores a 11, se produce la desaparición de la capa pasiva del acero (CEB Commission 5, "Strategies for testing and assessment of concrete structures", CEB boletín, 243, 1998, pp. 76-92). Otros autores indican la necesidad de alcanzar en el hormigón un pH por encima de 11.7, e incluso 11.4 en ciertos casos, para que el acero esté totalmente protegido contra la corrosión (O.E. Gjorv, "Steel corrosion in reinforced and pretenssed concrete structures", Nordisk betong, 2, 1982, pp. 147-151; N. Saeki et al., "Influence of carbonation and sea water on corrosion of steele in concrete"; Trans. Jap. Concrete Inst., 6, 1984, pp. 155-162; L. Krajci & I. Janotka, "Measurement techniques for rapid assessment of carbonation in concrete"; ACI Materials Journal, 97, 2000, pp. 168-171).As soon as the hardened concrete begins to carbonate, even at atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations of 0.03% by volume ( I. Sirvent , " Technology and therapy of reinforced concrete, Volume I "; Technical Institute of Construction, chap. VIII, 1997, pp. 749-823 ) or similar, there will be in the concrete two zones with different pH values, an internal one with a pH greater than 12 and an external one with a pH close to 7. When the reinforcements are in the carbonated zone, a pH values lower than 11, the passive layer of the steel disappears ( CEB Commission 5 , " Strategies for testing and assessment of concrete structures ", CEB bulletin, 243, 1998, pp. 76-92 ). Other authors indicate the need to reach a pH above 11.7 in concrete, and even 11.4 in certain cases, so that the steel is fully protected against corrosion ( OE Gjorv , " Steel corrosion in reinforced and pretenssed concrete structures ", Nordisk betong, 2, 1982, pp. 147-151; N. Saeki et al ., " Influence of carbonation and sea water on corrosion of steele in concrete "; Trans. Jap. Concrete Inst., 6, 1984, pp. 155- 162; L. Krajci & I. Janotka , " Measurement techniques for rapid assessment of carbonation in concrete "; ACI Materials Journal, 97, 2000, pp. 168-171 ).
Así mismo, la carbonatación puede provocar el aumento del cloruro libre en el hormigón en cantidad suficiente como para romper localmente las películas de óxidos de hierro pasivantes, desencadenando la corrosión en forma de picaduras (J.A. González, "Control de la corrosión: estudio y medida por técnicas electro químicas"; CSIC, cap. XII, 1989, pp. 323-365) donde se disuelve el acero.Likewise, carbonation can cause the increase of free chloride in the concrete in sufficient quantity to locally break the passive iron oxide films, triggering corrosion in the form of pitting ( JA González , " Corrosion control: study and measurement by electrochemical techniques "; CSIC, chap. XII, 1989, pp. 323-365 ) where the steel dissolves.
La forma más frecuente y simple para determinar la pasivación o despasivación del acero en el hormigón armado o pretensado consiste en la aplicación "in situ" de un indicador que cambie de coloración en función del pH. Para ello se viene utilizando tradicionalmente una disolución de fenolftaleína al 1% en etanol, indicador que vira de incoloro a púrpura en el intervalo de pH que va desde 8.5 a 10.0. Si el hormigón en que se encuentra embebida la armadura adquiere la coloración púrpura, es indicativo de que ésta se encuentra pasivada, es decir, tiene una capa de óxido de hierro impermeable al oxígeno que la protege frente a la oxidación. En cambio, si no hay modificación del color, es indicativo de que la armadura de acero ha perdido la capa de pasivación, está activa y es posible su corrosión si las condiciones son favorables para ello. El test debe realizarse sobre la superficie limpia del testigo o muestra de hormigón recién extraída, para evitar la carbonatación superficial del mismo que provocaría un pH neutro y la consiguiente invalidez del test (J. Calavera, "Patología de estructuras de hormigón armado y pretensado, Tomo I", INTEMAC, cap. X, 1996, pp. 237-266).The most frequent and simple way to determine the passivation or de-passivation of steel in reinforced or prestressed concrete is the application " in situ " of an indicator that changes color depending on the pH. For this, a solution of 1% phenolphthalein in ethanol has traditionally been used, an indicator that turns colorless to purple in the pH range from 8.5 to 10.0. If the concrete in which the reinforcement is embedded acquires the purple coloration, it is indicative that it is passivated, that is, it has an oxygen-impermeable iron oxide layer that protects it from oxidation. On the other hand, if there is no color modification, it is indicative that the steel reinforcement has lost the passivation layer, is active and its corrosion is possible if the conditions are favorable for it. The test must be carried out on the clean surface of the witness or sample of freshly extracted concrete, to avoid surface carbonation of the same that would cause a neutral pH and the consequent invalidity of the test ( J. Calavera , " Pathology of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, Volume I ", INTEMAC, Chapter X, 1996, pp. 237-266 ).
Sin embargo, la reducción del pH del hormigón por carbonatación a valores comprendidos entre 9.0 y 11.4 supone, a pesar de la coloración rojiza-púrpura, la desaparición de la capa pasiva del acero, siendo estos valores significativamente distintos de los indicados por el test de la fenolftaleína. En definitiva, la fenolftaleína resulta totalmente fiable cuando establece el estado activo del acero de un hormigón armado (a pH inferiores a 8.5 es incolora y el acero está despasivado); pero no es concluyente si se pretende determinar la pasivación (en el intervalo pH comprendido entre 9.0 y 11.4 la fenolftaleína ha virado a púrpura y el acero está despasivado). Solo cuando el pH es superior a 11.7 dicho test vuelve a ser completamente fiable.However, the reduction of concrete pH by carbonation at values between 9.0 and 11.4, Despite the reddish-purple coloration, the disappearance of the passive layer of steel, these values being significantly different from those indicated by the Phenolphthalein In short, phenolphthalein is completely reliable when setting the active state of a concrete's steel armed (at pH below 8.5 it is colorless and the steel is unpaid); but it is not conclusive if it is intended to determine the passivation (in the pH range between 9.0 and 11.4 the Phenolphthalein has turned purple and the steel is broken. Only when the pH is higher than 11.7 is the test again completely reliable.
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La Figura 1 muestra dos bandas con la transición de colores que se produce durante el viraje de cada uno de los dos reactivos, permitiendo determinar con el reactivo A, si hay pasivación (color rojo, pH superior a 11.7) y si hay activación con el reactivo B (color azul, a pH inferior a 11.4).Figure 1 shows two bands with the transition of colors that occur during the turn of each of the two reagents, allowing to determine with reagent A, if there is passivation (red color, pH higher than 11.7) and if there is activation with Reagent B (blue color, at pH below 11.4).
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La forma más frecuente y simple para determinar la pasivación o despasivación del acero en el hormigón armado o pretensado consiste en la aplicación "in situ" de un indicador que cambie de coloración en función del pH. Para ello se viene utilizando tradicionalmente una solución de fenolftaleína al 1% en etanol, indicador que vira de incoloro a rojo púrpura en el intervalo de pH que va desde 8.5 a 10.0. El hecho de que el hormigón en que se encuentra embebida la armadura adquiera la coloración púrpura, es indicativo de que ésta se encuentra pasivada, es decir, tiene una capa de óxido de hierro impermeable al oxígeno que la protege frente a la oxidación. En cambio, si no hay modificación de color, es indicativo de que la armadura de acero ha perdido la capa de pasivación, está activa y es posible la corrosión de la misma si las condiciones son favorables para ello.The most frequent and simple way to determine the passivation or de-passivation of steel in reinforced or prestressed concrete is the application " in situ " of an indicator that changes color depending on the pH. For this, a solution of 1% phenolphthalein in ethanol has traditionally been used, an indicator that turns colorless to purple red in the pH range from 8.5 to 10.0. The fact that the concrete in which the reinforcement is embedded acquires the purple coloration, is indicative that it is passivated, that is, it has an oxygen-impermeable layer of iron oxide that protects it against oxidation. On the other hand, if there is no color modification, it is indicative that the steel reinforcement has lost the passivation layer, is active and its corrosion is possible if the conditions are favorable for it.
Sin embargo, la despasivación del acero puede tener lugar en zonas no indicadas por el ensayo de la fenolftaleína: la reducción del pH del hormigón por carbonatación a valores inferiores a 11.4 supone la desaparición de la capa pasiva del acero, y esto puede suceder a valores significativamente distintos de los indicados por la fenolftaleína. En definitiva, este indicador resulta totalmente fiable cuando establece el estado activo del acero de un hormigón armado o pretensado (a pH inferiores a 8,5 es incolora y el acero está despasivado); pero no es concluyente si se pretende determinar la pasivación (en el intervalo pH comprendido entre 9.0 y 11.7 la fenolftaleína ha virado a púrpura y el acero está despasivado).However, the depasivation of steel can take place in areas not indicated by the test of the phenolphthalein: the reduction of the pH of the concrete by carbonation to values lower than 11.4 means the disappearance of the passive layer of steel, and this can happen at values significantly other than those indicated by phenolphthalein. Definitely, This indicator is completely reliable when setting the status active steel of a reinforced or prestressed concrete (at pH less than 8.5 is colorless and the steel is unpasivated); but no it is conclusive if the intention is to determine the passivation (in the pH range between 9.0 and 11.7 phenolphthalein has turned purple and steel is unpasivated).
En consecuencia, se propone un kit compuesto por dos reactivos A y B que permiten determinar con gran fiabilidad tanto el estado pasivo (pH superior a 11.7) como el activo (pH inferior a 11.4) del acero utilizado para la fabricación hormigones armados o pretensados. Los reactivos propuestos son disoluciones de los indicadores: amarillo de alizarina R y carmín índigo, que son productos químicos comerciales que hasta la fecha han tenido aplicación en el área de la química analítica (indicadores para volumetrías) y en la industria alimentaria (carmín índigo es un aditivo colorante E-132), pero que no se han empleado en el área de la construcción.Consequently, a kit consisting of two reagents A and B that allow to determine with great reliability both the passive state (pH higher than 11.7) and the active state (pH less than 11.4) of the steel used for the manufacture of concrete armed or prestressed. The proposed reagents are solutions of the indicators: alizarin yellow R and indigo carmine, which are commercial chemicals that have had to date application in the area of analytical chemistry (indicators for volumes) and in the food industry (carmine indigo is a dye additive E-132), but which have not been employed in the construction area.
El reactivo A comprende una primera disolución
del indicador amarillo de alizarina R al 1% en cuatro partes de
acetona por una de etanol, que vira de amarillo a rojizo en un rango
de pH de 10,1 a 12,0, señalando de modo certero la pasivación del
acero cuando se ha desarrolado completamente el color rojo. Por otro
lado, el reactivo B es una solución de índigo carmina al 1% en
acetona y agua a partes iguales, que vira de azul a amarillo en un
rango de pH de 10.0 a 11.4, permite concluir sin lugar a dudas la
existencia del estado activo del acero embebido en el
hormigón.Reagent A comprises a first solution of the yellow indicator of 1% alizarin R in four parts of acetone by one of ethanol, which turns from yellow to reddish in a pH range of 10.1 to 12.0, indicating accurately the passivation of steel when the red color has completely developed. On the other hand, reagent B is a solution of 1% indigo carmine in acetone and water in equal parts, which turns from blue to yellow in a pH range of 10.0 to 11.4, allows to conclude without doubt the existence of the state active steel embedded in the
concrete.
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La presente solicitud de patente de invención
comprende un Kit para la determinación precisa "in
situ" del estado de pasivación de armaduras en hormigones
armados o pretensados. La invención hace referencia a un método
basado en el uso de un kit compuesto por dos disoluciones de sendos
indicadores (reactivos "A" y "B") y una carta de colores
que permiten determinar con total fiabilidad tanto el estado pasivo
(pH superior a 11.7) como el activo (pH inferior a 11.4) de las
armaduras de acero en hormigones. El mencionado kit comprende una
primera disolución del indicador amarillo de alizarina R al 0,5% en
una mezcla compuesta de 4 partes en volumen de acetona por una de
etanol (reactivo "A"), que vira de amarillo a rojizo en un
rango de pH de 10.1 a 12.0, señalando de modo certero la pasivación
del acero cuando se ha desarrollado completamente el color rojo.
Por otro lado, la disolución de carmín índigo al 0,5% en una mezcla
de acetona y agua a partes iguales en volumen (reactivo "B"),
que vira de azul a amarillo en un rango de pH de 10.0 a 11.4,
permitiendo asegurar la existencia del estado activo del acero
embebido en el
hormigón.The present invention patent application comprises a Kit for the precise determination " in situ " of the state of passivation of reinforcements in reinforced or prestressed concrete. The invention refers to a method based on the use of a kit consisting of two solutions of two indicators (reagents "A" and "B") and a color chart that allow to determine with total reliability both the passive state (pH higher than 11.7) as the active (pH below 11.4) of steel reinforcements in concrete. Said kit comprises a first solution of the 0.5% yellow alizarin R indicator in a mixture composed of 4 parts by volume of acetone by one of ethanol (reagent "A"), which turns from yellow to reddish in a range of pH from 10.1 to 12.0, accurately indicating the passivation of the steel when the red color has completely developed. On the other hand, the 0.5% indigo carmine solution in a mixture of acetone and water in equal parts by volume (reagent "B"), which turns from blue to yellow in a pH range of 10.0 to 11.4, allowing ensure the existence of the active state of the steel embedded in the
concrete.
También se aporta la descripción de la carta de colores (figura 1) incluida en el citado Kit, que permite elucidar con gran fiabilidad tanto el estado pasivo (pH superior a 11.7) como el activo (pH inferior a 11.4) de las armaduras.The description of the letter of colors (figure 1) included in the aforementioned Kit, which allows elucidating with great reliability both the passive state (pH higher than 11.7) as the active (pH below 11.4) of the reinforcements.
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Para la realización del ensayo, una vez extraído el testigo o muestra de hormigón armado del elemento constructivo, se procedería a su limpieza mediante cepillado, seguidamente se impregnaría un área superficial que abarcase toda la longitud del mismo con el reactivo "A". Transcurrido aproximadamente un minuto, si las armaduras embebidas se encuentran en la zona que adquiere una coloración rojiza, es indicativo de un estado de pasivación; en el caso de que la coloración sea amarillo-anaranjada, se procede a impregnar un área anexa similar a la anterior con el reactivo "B", evitando el solapamiento de ambas zonas. Transcurrido aproximadamente otro minuto, si las armaduras embebidas se encuentran en la zona que adquiere una coloración azul, es indicativo de un estado de activación, y consecuentemente, posible corrosión de las mismas. El estudio de colores y su interpretación se facilita mediante el uso de la carta de colores suministrada (Figura 1).To carry out the test, once extracted the witness or sample of reinforced concrete of the construction element, it would be cleaned by brushing, then would impregnate a surface area that covered the entire length of the same with reagent "A". After approximately one minute, if embedded trusses are in the area that acquires a reddish color, is indicative of a state of passivation; in case the coloration is yellow-orange, an area is impregnated attached similar to the previous one with reagent "B", avoiding the overlap of both zones. After approximately another minute, if embedded trusses are in the area that acquires a blue color, is indicative of a state of activation, and consequently, possible corrosion thereof. He study of colors and their interpretation is facilitated by the use of the color chart provided (Figure 1).
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200700280A ES2304097B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2007-01-29 | KIT FOR THE DETERMINATION "IN SITU" OF THE STATE OF PASSIVATION OF ARMORS IN REINFORCED OR REINFORCED CONCRETE. |
| PCT/ES2008/000048 WO2008092978A1 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-01-29 | Kit for 'in situ' determination of the passivation state of reinforcements in reinforced or pretensed concretes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200700280A ES2304097B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2007-01-29 | KIT FOR THE DETERMINATION "IN SITU" OF THE STATE OF PASSIVATION OF ARMORS IN REINFORCED OR REINFORCED CONCRETE. |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2304097A1 ES2304097A1 (en) | 2008-09-01 |
| ES2304097B2 true ES2304097B2 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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| ES200700280A Active ES2304097B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2007-01-29 | KIT FOR THE DETERMINATION "IN SITU" OF THE STATE OF PASSIVATION OF ARMORS IN REINFORCED OR REINFORCED CONCRETE. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2008092978A1 (en) |
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| CN105388203B (en) * | 2015-10-18 | 2017-12-12 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of method for detecting carmine concentration |
| IT201800021463A1 (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2020-07-01 | Matera Inerti S R L | Innovative system for measuring the pH and humidity of materials for concrete production |
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| JPH028733A (en) * | 1988-04-04 | 1990-01-12 | Nakagawa Boshoku Kogyo Kk | Evaluation of corrosion of steel material in concrete |
| FR2634887A1 (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-02 | France Etat Ponts Chaussees | METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING THE CORROSION OF REINFORCEMENTS OF AN ARMED CONCRETE STRUCTURE |
| IT1228643B (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1991-06-27 | Oronzio De Nora Sa | METHOD FOR MEASURING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF METALLIC STRUCTURES IN LOW ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY ENVIRONMENTS AND DEVICES REQUIRED FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
| US5180969A (en) * | 1992-02-04 | 1993-01-19 | Southwest Research Institute | Detection of reinforcing steel corrosion in concrete structures using non-linear harmonic and intermodulation wave generation |
| US5964992A (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 1999-10-12 | Giner, Inc. | Reference electrode for monitoring steel-in-concrete potentials |
| US7148706B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2006-12-12 | Johns Hopkins University | Embeddable corrosion rate meters for remote monitoring of structures susceptible to corrosion |
-
2007
- 2007-01-29 ES ES200700280A patent/ES2304097B2/en active Active
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2008
- 2008-01-29 WO PCT/ES2008/000048 patent/WO2008092978A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2304097A1 (en) | 2008-09-01 |
| WO2008092978A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
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