ES2301266B1 - MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF NERVATED PLATE ON LONG PRESSED TRACK WITH LID IN THEIR EXTREME AND PLATE AS GOT FOR FORGED WITH FALSE CEILING. - Google Patents

Abstract

Ribbed plate manufacturing procedure on long prestressing track with cover at its ends and plate thus obtained for floor slabs; which includes the Extension and prestressing stages of steel cables, extrusion of concrete, placing the covers (5) two by two, one by each side of the cut-off point (7.1) between plates (2), so that Once set, the cutting is carried out with a cutting disc (9) between covers (5), the plates (2) are removed and turned, presenting said covers (5) the shape of the gap defined between ribs (4) of the plate (2), and having concrete fixing means freshly extruded, where later in a receptacle (10) provided between adjacent plates (2) an armor of connection (12) with beams (14) and everything is covered with concrete from the compression layer (11).

Description

Ribbed plate manufacturing procedure on long prestressing track with cover at its ends and plate thus obtained for floor slabs.

Object of the invention

The present invention aims at a manufacturing process of ribbed plate on long track prestressed with cover at its ends and plate thus obtained for forged with a false ceiling, being used in the construction of housing structures, garages and building in general, both on pillars and beams as on load-bearing walls.

The present invention characterizes the fact of manufacturing the ribbed plates of the "U" type inverted on a long prestressing track with the ribs facing upwards, or properly speaking in the "U" position, in reverse of how it will be used later on site . The present procedure also characterizes the fact of placing on the track, with the concrete already extruded and on both sides of the point where the diamond disk will pass to cut the plates, covers or covers that have a profile that fits and fits in the defined inner gap between the two ribs of the plates.

Therefore, the present invention is circumscribed within the sector of the civil construction of floors of the building and more particularly within the scope of the manufacture of prestressed rib plates for floor slabs.

Background of the invention

There is currently a wide range of prefabricated slabs for building slabs, presenting different configurations, among which we have: ribbed reinforced concrete plate, not prestressed , with two ribs on the longitudinal edges with an inverted "U" shape, plate of the same previous type with central nerves also, Greek letter shaped plate "pi" both armed and prestressed, prestressed ribbed plate with two or more ribs oriented upwards and polystyrene or ceramic vault between nerves, honeycomb plate, solid slab, etc. .

In general they all end up being completed on site with a concrete compression layer with an inner mesh, but in some the longitudinal union between plates is filled with concrete only.

Both the inverted "U" plates and the "pi", are traditionally manufactured in fixed molds with reinforced concrete, presenting a good smooth surface finish. The ribbed plates type "pi" present a recent variant of manufacture on long prestressing track included in the patent Spanish P9700216.

The 4th of the types of ribbed plates mentioned above, manufactured on long track of prestressed, orients its nerves in work upwards, owing place vaults between the nerves, then support the layer of compression of work. Such is the case of the Spanish Patent P200001219 and Utility Model U200100702.

In those cases where plates are used ribbed without vaults between nerves, the plate must necessarily  be used with the nerves facing down, with the objective to achieve a superior surface that supports the layer of compression. In turn, the bottom may be the nerves in sight if its finish is sufficiently smooth, or use, in homes above all, false ceilings so that they are not visible these nerves, leaving the flat roof.

In the latter case, to build the floor, the plates are placed with the nerves resting on the boards formwork, proceeding to pour the compression layer of concrete that covers the top of the plates and penetrates into the defined longitudinal space between adjacent plates.

At the ends of the plates it happens, that since the gap between the nerves of the plate itself is not covered, the concrete could spill when filling the beams or support strips of the plates. In order to avoid this situation, shuttering forms are placed under the plates, or small prefabricated concrete caps or covers, which rest on the extreme edges of the plates so as not to move during concreting of these beams. These solutions are prepared " in situ " so they require extra work on site, and do not always adapt in the best way to the shape of the profile defined by the section of the plates.

Place the formwork or covers on site It is too expensive for builders, so no they want this type of plates if they don't go with the cover included in the prefabricated.

Like inverted "U" shaped plates They are usually manufactured in fixed molds, it is impossible to place previously the cover in the factory itself, since the mold is continued, and would mean having to break it to introduce the covers and that these will be in solidarity with the "U" plate. The same happens with the plates type "pi" manufactured in molds fixed.

On the other hand, when the "pi" plate according to P9700216 is manufactured on a long prestressing track, not It has been thought so far how to place and transport the covers already placed on the plates, so that they do not move or they fall in the transport and the elevation, and that also support the concrete pressures of work.

Description of the invention

A first aspect of the present invention is refers to a method of manufacturing ribbed plates on long prestressing track with cover at its ends that allows overcome the above mentioned inconveniences, developing for this a manufacturing process of ribbed plate in form of "U", on continuous prestressing track, which incorporates covers or covers from the factory, being equally applicable also to "pi" type plates.

To do this, the covers are placed well in cool on the track before cutting the plates, well at the end of the dry track being embedded under pressure, well on site through wires, or on site using fixed hardware previously on the fresh track, which in the end will prevent the concrete compression layer penetrate the ends of the plates during concreting of the floor.

It is also substantially improved, with the method of the invention, the manufacture of type plates in Inverted "U", since its manufacturing is cheaper when it is made on continuous prestressing track, which presents a high relationship between productivity and investment, compared to the Mold technique currently used. In addition, the procedure of the invention is a very flexible system of manufacturing that allows to manufacture other types of products on the same track, such as alveolar plates, joists, pre-slabs, etc., by changing, only of the output sliding mold in the extruder machine.

The procedure also solves the problem. to place covers on inverted "U" plates made in mold, since the "U" plate is manufactured without mold and mouth below regarding its subsequent use, which enables an operator have easy access on said plate to place the covers or fittings, before the concrete and plate set flipped

This same fresh placement procedure of the covers is equally applicable to the procedure of manufacture of plates "pi" on long track prestressed in Spanish patent P9700216.

The process object of the present invention  It consists of manufacturing ribbed plates in position inverted on continuous prestressing track with the covers already incorporated at its ends, and comprising the following stages:

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In First, the prestressing cables are extended and tensioned, presenting the largest armed at the top of the nerves in the manufacturing position, then extruding the concrete with sliding molding machine that is guided by the rails of the track.

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Be mark the track fresh and the covers that are finally inserted they will plug the ends of the prefabricated plates between the nerves, for this two caps are placed, one on each side of the point cutting and a short distance from it. Since the concrete is fresh can be nailed to the bottom slab of the plate, or emboss it by deformation of the concrete of the plate in the part upper to prevent the covers from moving when it hardens the concrete. Alternatively you can fix some hardware that they will then serve as caps to cover, placed well on site or at the factory if they are already included.

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A Once the concrete has set, the diamond disc is cut at the cut-off point, just between the two planned covers, or between the two fittings, and with plate extractor machine with turner or with the bridge crane and a useful turner, are extracted from track the plates and stack in the storage park in true use position.

The covers have a profile equivalent to profile of the gap left between nerves, and as we said can present in the lower part of the covers some bumps that they are embedded or nailed in the fresh concrete of the plate extruded, it being necessary also to fix the upper end of the tops to the top of the nerves, with extra mortar or with the concrete of the deformed nerve itself. Alternatively, the fixing for the bottom of the covers may not use bulges and be fixed with fresh concrete or mortar, thus using this technique exclusively on several points of the perimeter.

If the nerves have wings, it is also it is possible that the profile of the lid does not have recesses for wings, so that to introduce them you have to make a accommodation in said nerve wings, and then regenerate the form with a trowel of mason, leaving the lid locked by Both sides with wings.

Another possibility is to nail fresh ones metal fittings in perimeter areas where subsequently we want to fix the covers, so that once the concrete has set of the plate, serve as positioning or snap-in of said covers, preventing them from moving in transport and lifting, or by action of the pressure of concreting when concreting in work the beams In this case too, the final placement of the cover It can be done on the track, at the end of the track, or on your own work.

Within the variant place them at the end of track on the plates that are removed and stacked, we can use iron or sheet metal double hooks or hardware steels, which at the first end define a configuration in hook to anchor to the ends of the nerves while on a second end they are folded so that the cover rests on them and thus support the concreting pressures of the beams These fittings may be designed in such a way that snap the covers against the nerves, so you don't move in the handling of the plates and their transport. Is Obviously we could put these covers on site with these steely wires and fittings, but we would harm the customer who good insurance wants "all in one" without having their workers that manipulate and place the covers on site.

As for the plate itself, a important feature of the new manufacturing method is that the nerve section of the inverted "U" type plate, presents in the manufacturing position, lips or upper wings outer, wider than the lower ones, in order to enable when you turn the plates and assemble them on site, form a longitudinal receptacle between adjacent plates, also called patella, which will be filled on site with concrete layer compression. At the ends of the plates, this receptacle It allows to introduce and overlap the armor of connection with beams in indirect type supports. These major wings they were already used on the inverted "U" plates made in mold. The problem that solves the new method of manufacturing is to materialize said protruding wings in the part from above the nerve, with extrusion techniques on track prestressing continues, as normally as the plates that they manufacture by extrusion they do it in true position, the wings that  they always stood out to form the kneecaps, they were the wings inferior, and not those above. This is the case for example at alveolar plates, or to type 4 plates described in the background whose lower longitudinal edges are wider or protrude more than the upper edges.

On the other hand, for the "U" plates by reasons of use of track and loading of trucks, on the same prestressing track will normally be extruded two plates parallel separated from each other a sufficient distance so that they can penetrate the tweezers of extraction and flipping. Logically only one plate could be manufactured, or more than two at a time, depending on the Track width and the desire of the manufacturer.

The ribbed plate can have a mesh of internal stiffening to the lower slab, being unwound and stretched before the concrete extruder passes, so that, as the machine passes, it is incorporated into plate slab.

The cover placement procedure which we have just explained is not exclusively applicable to plates inverted "U" type ribs, can also be used for placement of complementary cover plates complementary configuration type "Pi".

For these complementary type plates "pi", lacking receptacles where to incorporate the connection reinforcement, complementary covers are retracted further into the complementary plates in order that the concrete embraces or clamps on both sides to the nerves complementary of the complementary plates, allowing the overlap with an eventual connection armature now placed in the laterals of the complementary nerves in the area to be solidified in work.

Finally, another plate variant to which you can apply the procedure described, it is to a plate complementary type "pi" but with complementary nerves honeycomb so that they allow the arrangement inside of the connection armor with the beams in work, which will be overlapped to the positive moment steels of the complementary nerve through the concrete that will penetrate the socket.

Thanks to the fact that the concrete of the beams does not escape through the space between ribs due to the placement of the covers, these slabs thus obtained can be used with traditional work formwork techniques, that is, without extra formwork between ribs , or on load-bearing walls. , being specially designed for use with a false ceiling, although they may be visible in garages and commercial premises.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that then it will be done and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, is accompanied by this descriptive memory, of a set of drawings in whose figures, of illustrative and non-limiting, the details are represented significant of the invention in one of its embodiments preferred.

Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the prestressing track, usually 120 or 130 cm wide Useful.

Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view of the preferred embodiment plates on the track, in position of manufacturing and not yet cut.

Figure 3.- Shows a section of the mode of preferred embodiment consisting of two parallel plates of width 60 cm, separated between them to allow the clamp of extraction penetrates between the plates. It shows that they are made upside down.

Figure 4.- Shows a section of one plate, with the lid lying down when entering between Two nerves by twist.

Figure 5.- Shows the same previous section, with the lid already turned in the vertical end position, and whose silhouette fits between the nerves with a small slack. Be appreciate as a preferred embodiment two peaks or lower protuberances that will serve to nail the lid on fresh concrete, and on top against the nerves the application of fresh mortar or crushing is observed of the concrete of the nerve, to solidarity the covers to said concrete nerves.

Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view of how the covers are placed along the track, and it is even appreciated how to introduce a lying cover to then turn it to its correct vertical position. Also appreciated that a cover is placed on each side of the future cutting line marked on one of the nerves.

Figure 7.- Shows the same previous view, but with the concrete already set and the diamond disk represented schematically cutting between two covers or covers. In first term shows a cut already made.

Figure 8.- Shows a perspective view upper of the plates removed from the track and already turned, appreciating the covers more internally retracted than the nerve ends. The receptacle or kneecap is also appreciated that remains between two adjacent plates, which will be filled by the Compression layer concrete poured on site.

Figure 9.- Shows a perspective view bottom of three adjoining plates, as they would look at place them on site, where you can see the covers under the nerves, at its ends.

Figure 10.- Shows a section of the floor with work compression layer included, where they have been represented also the connection reinforcement with the beams, positioned in the lower part of the receptacles between adjacent plates, in such a way that the concrete of the compression layer penetrates and achieves overlap the armor of positive moments of nerves, with this connection assembly placed on site, which at the other end penetrates the beam

Figure 11.- Shows a perspective view of three plates mounted on typical construction formwork boards, with the reinforcement or ferralla of the beam on said boards, the penetration of the connection reinforcement in the receptacle between plates and on the beam itself. Has not been represented, to simplify, neither the mesh of work, nor the reinforcement of negative moments of the slab, nor the concrete of the compression layer

Figure 12.- Shows a perspective view of how the covers can also be positioned on site or at the end track, with hooks made of wire, which will be hung of the nerve ends, preventing the pressure from Concrete work drag to the covers. These wires may have a shape that prevents the assembly from moving cover-wire during the handling of plates and transport.

Figure 13.- Shows a section of a variant alternative of the plates to which the new method is applied of positioning of covers, consisting of a plate complementary type "pi" that is usually manufactured with two nerves complementary and in widths of 120 cm to take advantage of the useful width of the entire track, as claimed in the patent P9700216.

Figure 14.- Shows a section, at the end of the complementary plate where the cover is located complementary, of the left complementary nerve of the figure above, where the complementary covers are represented can be fixed to the prefabricated complementary plate with complementary protrusions and with housing of the wing of the complementary nerves, with posterior insertion of the lid complementary between the wings, then grouting the concrete with the mason trowel or providing fresh mortar, sticking it to the lid to immobilize it.

Figure 15.- Shows a section of it complementary plate of figure 13, but with a nerve complementary widest and a longitudinal socket along the entire nerve, which will then be used to place the connector of The ends of the plates. Thus, the concrete will penetrate said socket and will overlap the positive nerve armor With the connecting steel.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the aforementioned figures, describes below a preferred embodiment of the invention as well as the explanation of the drawings.

In figures 1 to 8 we can observe the different stages that the manufacturing process includes object of the invention.

In figure 1, the track (1) of prestressed on which the cables of prestressed, presenting most of them in the part upper ribs (4) in their manufacturing position, so  be able to withstand the positive bending moments of the floor. Subsequently the concrete is extruded with a molding machine sliding and guided by the track rails (1), obtaining the plates (2) continuously on the track (1).

Said plates (2), as they have been obtained, are reversed in relation to their future position  utilization. They have nerves (4) arranged at the ends longitudinal sides. In the manufacturing position the plates (2) contiguous define between them a space (3), hollow or separation, so that the track extraction clip (1) penetrates and can turn said plates (2).

It is observed as the upper wings (4.1) of the nerves (4) are wider than the lower wings (4.2), since when we place the plates (2) together next to each other, you must leaving a receptacle (10) between the upper wings before in manufacturing position were the lower wings (4.2), so that it you can fill this receptacle (10) or ball joint with the concrete of the compression layer (11), without falling down by being in contact the lower wings of the plate, before they were the wings superior (4.1) in manufacturing.

In figures 4 and 5 we observe the form of placement of the covers (5), which are introduced from flat and inclined in relation to the lower slab, introducing one end to the bottom of the defined space between nerves (4) and then later introduce the other end of the cover (5) by rotation, whose axis of rotation is parallel to the longitudinal to the track (1).

Once the cover (5) has been inserted and placed parallel to the bottom slab is the removal of the same, by turning by axis transverse to the track (1). The cover (5) has a profile equal to the defined space between nerves (4), although it can also be different, for example, without the entrance of the upper wings (4.1) of the nerves (4), of so that the operator must make an accommodation in the wing upper (4.1) of the nerve (4) in fresh, fit the lid (5) on vertical without turning of any kind, and then grouting with the trowel of mason concrete to regenerate the shape and lock the lid (5), providing if necessary fresh mortar.

In order to achieve the lower fixation of the  covers (5) on fresh concrete, covers (5) can have, for example, in its lower part with some peaks or protuberances (6) that stick in the fresh concrete. Turn on the upper part next to the upper wings (4.1) of the nerves (4) we can fill or grout with fresh mortar (6.1) on space between cover (5) and upper wings (4.1) of the ribs (4), in order to immobilize the movement of the cover (5) in this part.

Figure 6 shows that the covers (5) they are placed in very close pairs, since one is placed at a side of the cut-off point (7.1) of what will be the final end of a plate (2), and the other cover (5) on the other side of the point of cut (7.1), start of a new plate (2). Through the center of Transverse space (7) defined between both covers (5), will pass the cutting disc (9) of diamond. In the drawing you can see the mark made on the head of one of the nerves (4) side of the plate (2), as a reference of the cut-off point (7.1) to give in the future when the concrete is set.

In figure 7, with the concrete already set, shows the cut (8) made in the transverse space (7) defined between two covers (5), as well as the cutting disc (9) making another cut (8) between other pairs of covers (5) in an inner part of the extruded plate (2).

Thanks to space (3), figure 3 defined between the two plates (2) in manufacturing, may penetrate the clamps of extraction, to later proceed with the turning of said plates (2) being stacked in its position of use on site, in the park of storage.

In figure 8, the plates (2) already placed in their position of use, leave between them a receptacle (10), to be filled with concrete compression layer (11) Poured into work.

The material used in the manufacture of covers (5) or covers may be any, such as plastic, ceramics, metal, plaster, plasterboard, plaster, etc. the material used in the manufacture of the materials being not limiting same.

The shape of said covers (5) and their thickness It may be varied, but always adapting to the internal profile of the gap between nerves (4), and rigid enough to support the concrete pressure on site.

In figure 10, we can see how in receptacle (10) defined between the plates (2) the frame is housed of connection (12) with the beams (14), staying said connection armature (12) at the bottom of the receptacles (10) between the adjacent plates (2), and then pour the layer of compression (11) that penetrates and overlaps the prestressed reinforcement of the lower part of the ribs (4) with the connection frame (12) with beams (14) placed on site. Also in these receptacles (10) we can accommodate possible longitudinal reinforcements of armor of flexion of the slab or lattices or stirrups to increase the resistance to shear forces.

All the details just described are see in figure 11 highlighting how the plates (2) supported on the formwork boards (13) it has on them the armor of the beam (14) and how it connects with the reinforcement (12) housed in the lower part of the receptacles (10) between adjacent plates (2). Like the plates (2) they are supported by formwork boards (13) of flat or singing jácenas, we could have represented them supporting on brick factory loading walls, of blocks concrete, or reinforced concrete walls.

In the event that the covers (5) are not want to place after extrusion of the plates (2) and the concrete already set and the plates (2) cut, it is possible to fix said covers (5) to the ends of the ribs (4) by means of some hardware (15) that have double hook configuration of wire that at a first end (16) has a hook shape which is fixed on the nerves (4) while in a second end (17) is folded to receive support from the cover (5) and withstand the pressure of the concrete.

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As mentioned earlier, it is possible to set fresh to the concrete some metal clips or fittings (15) in some points of what will be the perimeter of contact between cover (5) and plate (2), so that it can then be fixed at the factory or in work the covers (5) to said hardware (15), supporting the concrete pressure of work, and not moving either covers (5) in the handling and transport of the plates (2).

The covers (5) may also be mounted once the concrete has set on the same track (1) or at the end of she, always in the factory itself to save the client expenses mounting This assembly will be done with a little mortar to receive it against the nerves (4) and do not move during the concreting of the beams (14) or zunchos in work. Logically they are also capable of being mounted on site if necessary or if chosen by the manufacturer of the plates (2), or the customer final.

The plates (2) will normally be used on site with compression layer (11) poured on site on the plates (2) and with internal mesh, but could also be used by filling only the receptacle (10) between plates (2), to make compatible thus the deformations between adjacent plates (2), as well as use this method with traditional alveolar plates.

This plate manufacturing procedure ribbed with the cover already included, it is not exclusive to apply to the type of plate described in inverted "U", being possible its application to complementary plates (18) with a configuration in "pi" that have two complementary nerves (19) centered on the proportion 1space-2spaces-1space. He general manufacturing procedure for this complementary plate (18) "pi" face down on track (1) long prestressing already It was described in the Spanish patent P9700216, which in this new patent is claimed, is to manufacture with said method, but including the procedure of placing the complementary covers (20) on the complementary plates (18) before sending them to work, well on the track (1) in fresh, well at the end of the track (1) pressing the complementary covers (20) under pressure so that do not move, or even embedding them in the work itself by special hardware (15) that are anchored to the ends of the complementary nerves (19) and serve as support for the covers complementary (20) so that they do not move with the concreting

The complementary covers (20) used in this type of complementary plates (18) "pi", can also have complementary protrusions (21) for gripping the complementary covers (20) to the slab (23) of the plate complementary (18). They can also be embedded in an accommodation (22) practiced fresh on the wings of the complementary nerve (19), in order to fit the complementary covers (20) and then grout the concrete on the sides of the housing (22) with palette, providing even a little mortar to regenerate the complementary nerve shape (19).

On this type of complementary plates (18), as is logical, a compression layer can be available on site  armed with mesh and armor of negative moments.

How are these complementary plates (18) in "pi" lack receptacles to house the armor of connection (12) with the construction beams (14), a solution is to retract or  set back the placement of the complementary covers (20) of so that the concrete poured into the beams (14) of the support, hug or clamp on both sides to the complementary nerves (19) of the complementary plate (18), allowing the overlap with a eventual connection armor (12) now placed on the sides of the complementary nerves (19) in the area to be solidified in work.

Another possibility to accommodate the connection armor, is to provide complementary nerves (19) of alveoli (24) where to place the connection reinforcement with the beams (14) of work, being flaps by the concrete of work that will penetrate the alveoli (24).

It does not alter the essentiality of this invention. variations of materials shape, size and arrangement of system component elements, since all this has been described in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, this Description for reproduction by an expert.

Claims (6)

1. Procedure for manufacturing ribbed plate on long prestressing track with cover at its ends and plate thus obtained, for floor slabs, characterized in that it comprises the following manufacturing stages:

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be extend and tension prestress cables on a track (1) and extrudes concrete with a shape of a plate (2) in position inverted, with rail-guided sliding molding machine the track (1),

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before of the setting of the concrete, the entire track (1) is staked, marking a cutting point (7.1) on the concrete, for later make a cut (8) of plates (2), and place fresh covers (5) on each side of the cut-off point (7.1) between a plate (2) and the following plate (2), so that said covers (5) they cover a whole perimeter between nerves (4) and plate slab (2), plugging said perimeter,

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the covers (5) are fixed to the concrete of the plates (2), either by deformation of fresh concrete at various points of the perimeter, or well combining the deformation of fresh concrete in some points with a nailed on the fresh concrete through bumps (6) incorporated in said covers (5) in others points, or by means of metal fittings (15) positioned in fresco on the concrete at the perimeter where it later position the covers (5), or by adding fresh mortar (6.1) with a mason trowel to receive or paste the covers (5) against the concrete of the plate (2), or even making a housing (22) in the concrete of the upper wings (4.1) of the nerves (4) and complementary nerves (19) to introduce the covers (5) vertically and then regenerating the upper wings (4.1) of the nerves (4) and complementary nerves (19) against the covers (5) to fix them,

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a Once the concrete has set, the concrete is cut on the track (1) with cutting disc (9), at the cutting point (7.1) marked on fresh, which will have a cover (5) on each side of said cut-off point (7.1),

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by last, the plates (2) are removed to the outside of the track (1) and turn 180 degrees with mechanical tool hanging from the overhead crane or with Rolling extractor turning machine on track rails (1), so that some plates (2) will be stacked on others in true position of use on site.

2. Method of manufacturing ribbed plate on long prestressing track with cover at its ends and plate thus obtained for floor slabs, according to claim 1, characterized in that alternatively, the covers (5) are fixed at the end of the track (1) during stacking with the hardened concrete and the plates (2) already cut, by means of ironwork (15) made of steel wire or sheet steel, which press the covers (5) against the ribs (4) of the prefabricated plate (2) so that do not move during handling and transport, and anchoring them with a hooked first end (16) to the ends of the ribs (4). 3. Method of manufacturing a ribbed plate on a long prestressing track with a cover at its ends and a plate thus obtained for floor slabs, according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (2) are normally manufactured two by two parallel to the track (1) prestressing, leaving between said plates (2) a sufficient space (3) on the track (1) that allows the track extraction tongs (1) and the dump to be introduced later. 4. Veined plate with covers on its ends for floor slabs, obtainable by the previous procedure, characterized in that the plate (2) comprises a thin slab and two lateral ribs (4) obtaining a letter shape "U" inverted, incorporating two covers (5) at the longitudinal ends between the two ribs (4) and the upper slab so that they blind and prevent the passage of concrete poured on site, and in addition, the two outer longitudinal edges have the shape of alveolar plate so that the upper wing (4.1) protrudes more than the edge or lower wing (4.2) to enable a receptacle (10) between adjacent plates (2), once mounted on site, where the concrete poured into the layer's work will penetrate of compression (11), and where the connection reinforcements (12) necessary for indirect supports on beams (14) or load-bearing walls will be housed, or where possible reinforcements of positive bending moment or shear will be housed. 5. Ribbed plate with covers on its ends for floor slabs, according to claim 4, characterized in that it consists of a complementary plate (18) comprising a thin slab (23) of small thickness and two complementary ribs (19) centered in shape Greek letter "pi", which also incorporates complementary caps (20) embedded in the factory that are retracted into the complementary plate (18) so that the concrete poured into the beams (14) end of the plates complementary (18), hug or clamp on both sides to the complementary ribs (19) of the complementary plates (18), allowing the overlap with an eventual connection armature (12) now placed on the sides of the complementary ribs (19) in the area to solidify in work. 6. Ribbed plate with covers at its ends for floor slabs, according to claim 5, characterized in that the complementary ribs (19) have a longitudinally closed socket (24), where the connection frame (12) is housed with the beams ( 14) of work, which will be overlapped to the steels of positive moments of the complementary nerve (19) by means of the concrete of work that will penetrate the alveolus (24).