ES2295126T3 - A METHOD TO PRODUCE BIRD EGGS AND BIRDS WITH SPECIFIC FREE POLLUTION STATE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method of rearing a bird of specified contamination free status. The method comprises housing a bird as a parent bird, surgically removing an egg from the parent bird prior to transfer of the egg to the cloaca in the parent bird, incubating the egg and hatching the egg to produce a laying bird. The invention also relates to the production of avian eggs of specified contamination free status.

Description

A method to produce poultry and bird eggs with Specified pollution free state.

Introduction

The present invention relates to a method to raise a bird with a state free of specified contamination. It also refers to the production of poultry eggs with Specified pollution free state. Also refers to a method to produce various eggs and birds.

In this specification, the expression "pollution free" is widely used and is refers to many pathogens and infections that can be carried by birds, particularly poultry such as chickens and turkeys that They are widely used to produce populations of breeding birds for produce fertile eggs for commercial production and for produce eggs and meat for human consumption. Further, such eggs and birds are used in the manufacture of a great variety of biological substances, including vaccines, fibroblasts and proteins, both for therapeutic and prophylactic use in people and animals. Additionally they are widely used for testing Diagnostics and production of transgenic eggs and birds. Many of these uses require that eggs and / or birds produced to from them be free of all or contaminants specified such as infections, including a variety of species of parasites, bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses, retroviruses, prions, DNA and RNA fragments. Sometimes the viruses they can be small viruses including picornavirus and parvovirus. Some of the bacteria that often contaminate eggs They include Clostridia and Enterobacteria. There are many organisms not pathogens that must be controlled. Similarly, many of the microorganisms that include parasites, aerobic bacteria and anaerobes, commensal species and species associated with the intestine They are not desirable. Similarly, mycoplasmas, viruses including Retroviruses, prions, fungi, yeasts are also undesirable.

Therefore, the expression "free state of specified contamination "may include any or all of the themselves and is much broader than only pathogen free specified. For example, those free of specific pathogens (SPF) conventional are not specifically free of some Viruses and in fact may be contaminated with bacteria. By Therefore, for certain uses, this may be sufficient. The use that will be given to eggs and birds will determine the pollutants of which must be free egg or bird. The eggs Conventional germ-free and some SPFs are obtained by treating eggs laid naturally with substances chemicals, including disinfectants and antibiotics, and placing them in insulators. Such naturally laid eggs are taken from selected breeding birds. While these methods have been relatively successful in the production of SPF eggs, they have not really been successful in producing eggs free of pollutants However, chemical substances are not capable. to eliminate contamination of, for example, bacteria that enter through the pores of the shell immediately after laying and before disinfection. SPF egg contamination, free of germs or gnotobiotics results in the loss of compliance with specifications and, in many cases, loss of value and commercial utility.

Declarations of the invention

In accordance with the invention a method of raising a bird with a pollution-free state specified comprising, in a sterile environment:

house a bird like a parent bird;

remove an egg in the shell of the parental bird before transferring the egg to the sewer in the parent bird; and

incubate the egg in its shell and make it hatch to produce a bird of put.

The sewer is the main area of contamination in a bird The sewer is a chamber attached to the digestive systems and bird breeder, therefore, an egg and stool in the sewer at the same time.

The advantage of the present invention is that provides a method to remove the egg from the parent bird before from entering the sewer, thus preventing contamination of the egg and the bird produced from it.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bird parental is selected from a population of similar birds raised All in the same conditions.

In another embodiment of the invention, the bird parental hatches naturally in a sterile environment of a bird population with a state free of existing contamination Similary.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the parental bird is one of a population of birds that have another state free of contaminants that have been produced by selection methods and suitable natural breeding under controlled conditions and the method It is used to provide birds with a pollutant-free state different.

Preferably, a laying bird is part of a population, and after the laying birds have hatched, a sample of laying birds is removed and tested for specific pollutants to provide a measure of Pollutant-free state of the population. Ideally, when not the contaminant-free state specified in the bird is achieved of laying, the laying bird is used as a parental bird in the method.

Preferably, the parent bird is selected Like a bird of a day. Ideally the egg is removed in a way Surgical of the parental bird.

The invention additionally provides a method in which surgical removal comprises:

make a laparotomy incision and ligate the bird's oviduct in both sutured ends;

cut the oviduct distally to each suture;

remove the egg locked in the oviduct;

sterilize the oviduct;

remove the egg; Y

sterilize the egg.

The removal of the egg is at an earlier time and as close as possible to the moment of transfer when the egg would naturally transfer to the sewer in the bird parental At this stage, the egg and its shell are completely formed. Ideally, before removal of the egg, the pattern of parental bird laying is recorded over time to Produce an estimated transfer time.

In one embodiment, the laying bird is removed from the sterile environment to lay eggs that, in turn, are made hatch to produce additional laying birds.

In another embodiment, the laying bird is removed from the sterile environment and feeds on feed that contains flora normal bowel Birds produced by this method, which have normal intestinal flora, are suitable for consumption or Use in the food industry.

Typically the bird is a chicken.

Preferably, when a bird hatches to from a laying bird that has the free state of specified pollutants and is not a laying bird, the bird produced in this way is raised in a sterile environment for subsequent fertilization of laying birds with the same or lower Pollutant free state.

The invention additionally provides a method to provide an egg with a free state of specified contaminants that you understand, in an environment sterile:

house a bird of setting that has the same or better pollution-free state as it is provided according to the method of any of the preceding claims;

use the bird of laid to lay the egg; Y

remove the egg to another sterile environment.

Ideally, the egg is removed immediately After laying and the eggshell is sterilized.

The invention also provides an egg and a bird produced by any of the methods of the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

The invention will be more clearly understood by from the following description of the method according to the present invention

Essentially, what the present invention does is to provide the use of artificially obtained eggs to from parental birds in the production of eggs and birds derived to obtain laying birds for the control of microorganisms These eggs and birds, in a manner appropriate to their utility, later they are hatched, they are raised, they they maintain and feed conventionally or in some form of insulator or sterile environment.

Method

Fifty adult female chickens were kept and five adult males with known SPF status with diets selected and allowed to breed naturally. The moment of egg laying (oviposition) individually to each female for a period of two weeks. For each female it calculated the average time of day (time L) in which a egg. The time of day one for L-3h was calculated and the period from L-3 to L was called the interval of derivation. This interval was the time at which the aseptic surgical laparotomy for removal of eggs more developed in each bird.

For the procedure the birds were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and were prepared just after. The birds are immersed in a disinfectant solution for 5 minutes. Be removed the ventral thorax feathers and the abdomen and skin exposed was sterilized using a 50% solution of iodine in alcohol heated to 37 ° C. Then, each bird was placed in an insulator specially adapted surgical, sterilized with a solution to 5% peracetic acid and containing sterile instruments and a 500 ml flask containing iodine in alcohol. The bird was covered with a sterile cloth and then an inlet port was placed on the cloth sterile insulator. A laparotomy incision is made and the oviduct (typically the uterus) was attached to both sides of the egg using suture material. The oviduct is then cut distally to each of the egg and oviduct sutures that contained the Egg was removed from the female's abdomen. Then the egg locked in the womb was placed in the iodine / alcohol solution for five minutes, after which the egg locked in the oviduct was transferred through an input port from the isolator Surgical to a receiver isolator. In the receiving isolator made an incision in the oviduct, the egg was removed, cleaned with a disinfectant solution and transferred to an insulator adapted as hatching incubator.

Within one day after hatching, live chickens were removed from the hatching isolator and were transferred to two large-sized isolators suitable for breed groups of chicks. The chickens were raised with diets Commercial sterilized by radiation. At 18 days old they removed five chickens from each of the breeding isolators, they sacrificed and sampled for bacteriology by culture aerobic and anaerobic. Samples included liver, spleen, blood of the heart, vagina / sewer, digested product of the blind, small intestine and feces.

Results

Viable chickens were hatched from successful way from eggs obtained artificially (eclosionabilidad> 50% more often> 90%). They were not isolated Anaerobic or aerobic bacteria from sampled chickens.

conclusion

A safe and highly established method was established effective for artificial production of fertile eggs free of Germs in chickens. The eggs were viable and produced chickens free of viable germs that were successfully maintained in insulators

It will be understood that according to the invention, they are essentially eggs obtained artificially or surgically what, strictly speaking, according to the present invention means that the egg is removed from the bird parental before transferring the egg to an area of potential contamination Ideally the bird is raised like a bird parental in a sterile environment, fed the bird with food sterile. Then the egg is removed from the parental bird so artificial before transferring the egg to an area of potential contamination in the parental bird and then the egg incubate and hatch to produce a laying bird that keeps in this sterile environment.

Female parental birds may be alive or have recently sacrificed Live birds can, with compliance with ethical, legal and welfare considerations animal, be fully aware, sedated or anesthetized. Eggs and eggs may be fertilized or not fertilized

Infectious organisms that can be control by the invention include organisms that can be pathogens or non-pathogens for the relevant species. The same include bird species (typically chickens, poultry and turkeys), humans and other mammals (typically dogs, cats, horses, birds, pigs, sheep, goats, rats and mice). For the Purposes of the invention, microorganisms include parasites, bacteria (including anaerobic and aerobic species, species commensals and species associated with the intestine), mycoplasmas, viruses (including retroviruses), prions, fungi, yeasts, molds and DNA and RNA fragments.

If fertile eggs are used to produce offspring or derived birds, then eggs can be made hatch, breed, maintain and feed in breeding systems conventional, SPF systems or insulators to control the input of microorganisms.

According to the invention, for maximum absence of microorganisms, eggs must be obtained preferably aseptically of parental females (unless that they are also pathogen free or gnotobiotics) and the life cycle must be completed in insulators. The life cycle can be completed outside of insulators when SPF eggs and birds are produced.

In accordance with the present invention, the aseptic obtaining of eggs and if appropriate, hatching, breeding, maintenance and feeding of birds can be used in combination with another method to control pollution microbial Such methods include disinfectants, antimicrobials, antibiotics, antiviral agents, antiparasitic agents, immunomodulators and vaccines.

It will be appreciated that in certain circumstances, when selected birds are taken as parental birds, the birds Putting products may not be sufficiently free of pollutants to produce laying birds with the correct quality. Then it may be necessary to perform the same steps again using eggs produced from these laying birds and artificially remove the eggs of these laying birds to provide additional laying birds that, hopefully, will be Contaminant free.

Claims (21)

1. A method to raise a bird with a state free from specified contamination, comprising, in an environment sterile:

house a bird like a parent bird;

remove an egg in the shell of the parental bird before transferring the egg to the sewer in the parent bird; and

incubate the egg in its shell and make it hatch to produce a bird of put.

2. A method according to claim 1, in which the parental bird is selected from a population of birds similar all raised in the same conditions. 3. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the parental bird is made hatch naturally in a sterile environment from a bird population with a state free of existing contamination Similary. 4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the parent bird is one of a population of birds that have another pollutant-free state that they have been produced by proper selection and breeding methods natural under controlled conditions and the method is used to provide birds with a contaminant free state different. 5. A method according to any preceding claim, in which the laying birds are part  of a population and after the laying birds have hatched a sample of laying birds is removed and tested for specific pollutants to provide a measure of Pollutant-free state of the population. 6. A method according to claim 5, in which when the contaminant-free state is not achieved specified in the laying bird, the laying bird is used as a Parental bird in the method. 7. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the parent bird is selected Like a bird of a day. 8. The method according to any preceding claim wherein the bird is removed Surgical of the parental bird. 9. The method according to claim 8 in which the surgical withdrawal includes:

make a Laparotomy incision and ligating the bird's oviduct for both sutured ends;

cut the oviduct distally to each suture;

remove the egg locked in the oviduct;

sterilize the oviduct;

remove the egg; Y

sterilize the egg.

10. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the removal of the egg is in a previous moment and as close as possible to the moment of transfer in which the egg would naturally transfer to the sewer in the parental bird. 11. A method according to claim 10, in which before the removal of the egg, the laying pattern of the parental bird is recorded over time to produce a Estimated transfer time. 12. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the laying bird is removed from the sterile environment to lay eggs that, in turn, are hatched to produce additional laying birds. 13. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the laying bird is removed from the sterile environment and feeds on food that contains flora normal bowel 14. A method according to any preceding claim in which the bird is a chicken.

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15. A method according to any preceding claim wherein, when a bird hatches from a laying bird that has a contaminant-free state specified and is not a laying bird, the bird laid this way is raised in a sterile environment for subsequent fertilization of laying birds with the same or lower free state of pollutants 16. A method of providing an egg with a specified contaminant-free state that comprises, in a sterile environment:

house a bird of setting that has the same or better pollution-free state as it is provided according to the method of any one of the preceding claims;

use the bird of laid to lay the egg; Y

remove the egg to another sterile environment.

17. A method according to claim 16 in which the egg is removed immediately after laying and the eggshell is sterilized. 18. An egg produced according to the method of claim 16 or 17. 19. A bird that has hatched from a egg as claimed in claim 18. 20. A bird that has hatched according to the method of any of claims 1 to 15. 21. A bird that has hatched from a egg laid by a laying bird reared according to the method of any of claims 1 to 15.