ES2289925A1 - Method for preparing oxymes using gold catalysts - Google Patents
Method for preparing oxymes using gold catalysts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2289925A1 ES2289925A1 ES200601117A ES200601117A ES2289925A1 ES 2289925 A1 ES2289925 A1 ES 2289925A1 ES 200601117 A ES200601117 A ES 200601117A ES 200601117 A ES200601117 A ES 200601117A ES 2289925 A1 ES2289925 A1 ES 2289925A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- gold
- combinations
- solvent
- carried out
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone oxime Chemical group ON=C1CCCCC1 VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical class ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DJBRXNRKYAWTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrocyclohexene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CCCCC1 DJBRXNRKYAWTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 decaborane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- SYZVQXIUVGKCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 SYZVQXIUVGKCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFSSSYDVRQSDSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 IFSSSYDVRQSDSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004042 HAuCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[7-hydroxy-2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-2-methyl-3-propanoyloxypentanoic acid Chemical compound C1C(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC(=O)CC)C(C)C(O)=O)OC11OC(C)(C2OC(C)(CC2)C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CC1 ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012738 dissolution medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000378 hydroxylammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C249/04—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes
- C07C249/10—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of oximes from nitro compounds or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C251/00—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C251/32—Oximes
- C07C251/34—Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
- C07C251/44—Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with the carbon atom of at least one of the oxyimino groups being part of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Procedimiento para la preparación de oximas utilizando catalizadores de oro.Procedure for the preparation of oximes using gold catalysts.
La presente invención trata de un nuevo procedimiento para la producción de oximas mediante una hidrogenación selectiva del correspondiente compuesto nitro \alpha,\beta-insaturado utilizando catalizadores de oro.The present invention is about a new procedure for the production of oximes through a selective hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compound α, β-unsaturated using catalysts of gold.
Las oximas, en concreto, la oxima de ciclohexanona es un producto clave como intermedio en la producción de epsilon-caprolactama, precursor de nylon-6. Actualmente los procesos comerciales para la producción de oxima de ciclohexanona incluyen la reacción de ciclohexanona con sulfato de hidroxilamina y amoníaco. Dicho proceso está lejos de ser ideal, considerando el gran número de pasos que requiere y la generación de sulfatos como subproducto. Diversos procesos han sido planteados con tal de mejorar el proceso de producción de oxima de ciclohexanona. En la mayoría de los casos se plantea el uso directo de hidroxilamina o su generación in situ en el medio de reacción, asumiendo un grado de peligrosidad relativamente elevado por el alto índice de explosividad del producto.The oximes, specifically, the cyclohexanone oxime is a key product as an intermediate in the production of epsilon-caprolactam, a precursor to nylon-6. Currently, commercial processes for the production of cyclohexanone oxime include the reaction of cyclohexanone with hydroxylamine sulfate and ammonia. This process is far from ideal, considering the large number of steps required and the generation of sulfates as a byproduct. Various processes have been proposed in order to improve the production process of cyclohexanone oxime. In most cases, the direct use of hydroxylamine or its generation in situ in the reaction medium is considered, assuming a relatively high degree of danger due to the high explosive index of the product.
En las patentes US-4,745,221; US-5,312,987; US-5,227,525; US-5,683,952; US-5,691,266, US-5,874,596 y CN-1,468,841 se divulgan diferentes usos de materiales titano-silicatos como catalizadores para la producción de oxima de ciclohexanona a partir de peróxido de hidrógeno y amoníaco. Dichos procesos se basan, a su vez, en el proceso de obtención de hidroxilamina a partir de H_{2}O_{2} y NH_{3} divulgado por SUMITOMO y ENICHEM en JP-7,070,781 y US-5,320,819, respectivamente.In US Pat. Nos. 4,745,221; US 5,312,987; US 5,227,525; US 5,683,952; US 5,691,266, US-5,874,596 and CN-1,468,841 are disclose different uses of materials titano-silicates as catalysts for Production of cyclohexanone oxime from peroxide hydrogen and ammonia These processes are based, in turn, on the process of obtaining hydroxylamine from H 2 O 2 and NH_ {3} disclosed by SUMITOMO and ENICHEM in JP-7,070,781 and US-5,320,819, respectively.
Algunas variantes de los procesos anteriores para producir oxima de ciclohexanona divulgan distintas formas para la producción de peróxido de hidrógeno in situ, previamente a su reacción con amoníaco. La patente CN-1,472,197 se refiere a un proceso de producción de oxima de ciclohexanona por amoximación de ciclohexanona con amoníaco y H_{2}O_{2} producido por el método de la antraquinona. En la patente US-5,599,987 se divulga la producción de oxima de ciclohexanona por un procedimiento similar, pero en el que el peróxido de hidrógeno se obtiene por oxidación de isopropanol con O_{2}.Some variants of the above processes for producing cyclohexanone oxime disclose different forms for the production of hydrogen peroxide in situ , prior to its reaction with ammonia. The CN-1,472,197 patent refers to a process for the production of cyclohexanone oxime by cyclohexanone with ammonia and H2O2 produced by the anthraquinone method. In US-5,599,987 the production of cyclohexanone oxime is disclosed by a similar procedure, but in which hydrogen peroxide is obtained by oxidation of isopropanol with O 2.
En todos los ejemplos mostrados anteriormente existen varios problemas comunes que limitan o dificultan su aplicación industrial. En primer lugar, el proceso de obtención de ciclohexanona, por deshidrogenación de ciclohexanol u oxidación directa de ciclohexano, presenta todavía numerosos inconvenientes, considerando los rendimientos de reacción y las enormes dificultades asociadas a posteriores procesos de separación. Por otra parte, la manipulación de hidroxilamina o la generación de peróxido de hidrógeno como paso previo a una amoxidación, presenta numerosas dificultades prácticas debido a la alta explosividad de las mezclas reactivas y a la gran complejidad de las operaciones implicadas.In all the examples shown above There are several common problems that limit or hinder your industrial application First, the process of obtaining cyclohexanone, by dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol or oxidation Direct cyclohexane, still has numerous drawbacks, considering the reaction yields and the huge difficulties associated with subsequent separation processes. By other hand, hydroxylamine manipulation or the generation of hydrogen peroxide as a pre-oxidation step, presents numerous practical difficulties due to the high explosiveness of reactive mixtures and the great complexity of operations involved
En la patente JP-2001-213,854 se propone una ruta alternativa para la producción de oxima de ciclohexanona en la que se utiliza benceno como producto de partida para formar ciclohexeno por deshidrogenación parcial con un catalizador. A continuación 1-nitro-1-ciclohexeno es obtenido mediante una reacción de nitración y como última etapa se utiliza un catalizador B para producir la oxima de ciclohexanona a través de la hidrogenación parcial del compuesto nitro \alpha-\beta-insaturado. A pesar de que el proceso resulta potencialmente interesante, la falta de selectividad de los catalizadores propuestos hasta la fecha, basados principalmente en la química del paladio y platino, para la transformación de 1-nitro-1-ciclohexeno a oxima de ciclohexanona disminuye en gran medida la viabilidad del proceso.In the patent JP-2001-213,854 a route is proposed alternative for the production of cyclohexanone oxime in which Benzene is used as a starting product to form cyclohexene by partial dehydrogenation with a catalyst. Then 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene is obtained by a nitration reaction and as a last step a catalyst B is used to produce cyclohexanone oxime through the partial hydrogenation of the nitro compound α-β-unsaturated. Despite that the process is potentially interesting, the lack of selectivity of the catalysts proposed to date, based mainly in the chemistry of palladium and platinum, for the transformation of 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene A cyclohexanone oxime greatly decreases the viability of process.
La utilización de catalizadores oro soportado para la hidrogenación selectiva de 1-nitro-1-ciclohexeno a ciclohexanona oxima no ha sido contemplada hasta el momento en ninguno de los ejemplos anteriores. En la presente invención se ha encontrado sorprendentemente que el oro, por sí mismo, es un catalizador activo y selectivo para llevar a cabo este proceso, empleando H_{2} u otra molécula donante de hidrógeno como agente reductor.The use of supported gold catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene Cyclohexanone oxime has not been contemplated so far in None of the above examples. In the present invention it has been surprisingly found that gold, by itself, is a active and selective catalyst to carry out this process, using H2 or another hydrogen donor molecule as agent reducer.
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la preparación de oximas caracterizado porque comprende una hidrogenación catalítica del correspondiente compuesto nitro \alpha,\beta-insaturado utilizando un catalizador de oro.The present invention relates to a procedure for the preparation of oximes characterized by comprises a catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding nitroα, β-unsaturated compound using a gold catalyst.
En una realización preferente, la oxima es la oxima de ciclohexanona y el compuesto nitro es el 1-nitro-1-ciclohexeno. Según esta realización preferente, se trata de un procedimiento para la preparación de la oxima de ciclohexanona caracterizado porque comprende una hidrogenación catalítica de 1-nitro-1-ciclohexeno utilizando catalizadores de oro.In a preferred embodiment, the oxime is the cyclohexanone oxime and the nitro compound is the 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene. According to this preferred embodiment, it is a procedure for the preparation of cyclohexanone oxime characterized because it comprises a catalytic hydrogenation of 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene using gold catalysts.
Los catalizadores de oro de la presente
invención catalizan la hidrogenación selectiva de grupos nitro
\alpha,\beta–insatura-
dos a la correspondiente oxima,
evitando la hidrogenación directa del doble enlace para formar el
compuesto nitro saturado.The gold catalysts of the present invention catalyze the selective hydrogenation of nitroα, β-unsaturated groups
two to the corresponding oxime, avoiding the direct hydrogenation of the double bond to form the saturated nitro compound.
En dicho procedimiento, el oro puede estar soportado en un soporte inorgánico. El oro, o el oro modificado, tal cómo se explica más adelante en esta memoria, se puede soportar con el fin de aumentar su dispersión y disminuir el tamaño de partícula sobre soportes de naturaleza inorgánica o carbonácea, tal y como es conocido en el campo de los catalizadores metálicos.In that procedure, gold can be supported on an inorganic support. Gold, or modified gold, as explained later in this report, it can be supported in order to increase its dispersion and decrease the size of particle on supports of inorganic or carbonaceous nature, such and as is known in the field of metal catalysts.
El porcentaje en peso de oro respecto al soporte sólido en el que está soportado está preferentemente comprendido entre un 0.1 y un 15% de oro y más preferentemente entre un 0.5 y un 5% de oro.The percentage by weight of gold with respect to the support solid on which it is supported is preferably comprised between 0.1 and 15% gold and more preferably between 0.5 and 5% gold.
Según lo expuesto anteriormente, el oro se puede aplicar en forma metálica o fónica en el soporte.As stated above, gold can be apply in metallic or phonic form on the support.
Según una realización particular, dicho soporte está seleccionado entre carbón activo, óxido de hierro, óxido de titanio, óxido de cerio, óxido de magnesio, óxido de zirconio, gel de sílice, ácido silícico, óxido de lantano, alúmina, óxido de zinc, carbonato cálcico, fosfato cálcico, sulfato cálcico, sulfato de bario, óxido de plomo, sulfato de plomo, carbonato de plomo y combinaciones de los mismos.According to a particular embodiment, said support is selected from active carbon, iron oxide, oxide titanium, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, gel of silica, silicic acid, lanthanum oxide, alumina, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, barium, lead oxide, lead sulfate, lead carbonate and combinations thereof.
De manera preferente, dicho soporte está seleccionado entre óxido de hierro, óxido de titanio, óxido de cerio, sílice y combinaciones de los mismos.Preferably, said support is selected from iron oxide, titanium oxide, oxide cerium, silica and combinations thereof.
En el procedimiento de la presente invención, la relación molar entre el oro y el compuesto nitro (relación oro/nitro) se encuentra preferentemente entre 0.01 y 10% más preferentemente entre 0.05 y 3%.In the process of the present invention, the molar ratio between gold and nitro compound (ratio gold / nitro) is preferably between 0.01 and 10% more preferably between 0.05 and 3%.
Según una realización particular, el oro puede estar dopado con un segundo metal. Según esta realización particular, se introduce un metal distinto de oro como modificador o dopante, en el catalizador del procedimiento. Este metal modificador puede mejorar las propiedades catalíticas del material. Además, este oro dopado o modificado también puede estar soportado, tal y como se ha explicado anteriormente.According to a particular embodiment, gold can Be doped with a second metal. According to this embodiment In particular, a metal other than gold is introduced as a modifier or dopant, in the catalyst of the process. This metal Modifier can improve the catalytic properties of the material. In addition, this gold doped or modified can also be supported, as explained above.
De manera preferente, el metal modificador está seleccionado entre paladio, platino, rodio, níquel, cobre, rutenio, plomo, mercurio, bismuto, germanio, cadmio, arsénico, antimonio, plata, hierro, manganeso, cobalto, rutenio y combinaciones de los mismos. Además, la relación en peso de oro a dicho metal modificador es preferentemente de 1:0.001 y más preferentemente de 1:0.5.Preferably, the modifying metal is selected from palladium, platinum, rhodium, nickel, copper, ruthenium, lead, mercury, bismuth, germanium, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, silver, iron, manganese, cobalt, ruthenium and combinations of same. In addition, the weight ratio of gold to said modifying metal it is preferably 1: 0.001 and more preferably 1: 0.5.
El procedimiento de la presente invención comprende, además, una fuente de hidrógeno que puede ser cualquier molécula donante de hidrógeno.The process of the present invention it also includes a source of hydrogen that can be any hydrogen donor molecule.
Según una realización preferente, la fuente de hidrógeno está seleccionada entre formiato amónico, ácido fórmico, decaborano, ciclohexeno, ciclohexadieno, ácido fosfórico y combinaciones de los mismos. Según esta realización, el procedimiento se lleva a cabo preferentemente a presión atmosférica y a una temperatura entre 25ºC y 120ºC.According to a preferred embodiment, the source of hydrogen is selected from ammonium formate, formic acid, Decaborane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, phosphoric acid and combinations thereof. According to this embodiment, the procedure is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 25 ° C and 120 ° C.
Según otra realización preferente, la fuente de hidrógeno es hidrógeno molecular. Este procedimiento se lleva a cabo preferentemente a una presión entre 1 y 100 bares y a una temperatura entre 20ºC y 250ºC, y de manera más preferente a una presión entre 5 y 50 bares y a una temperatura entre 100ºC y 150ºC.According to another preferred embodiment, the source of Hydrogen is molecular hydrogen. This procedure takes preferably at a pressure between 1 and 100 bars and at a temperature between 20 ° C and 250 ° C, and more preferably at a pressure between 5 and 50 bars and at a temperature between 100ºC and 150 ° C
En este procedimiento, la reacción de hidrogenación se puede llevar a cabo con o sin disolvente. Una ventaja particularmente interesante del uso de oro, de acuerdo con la presente invención, consiste en que la elección del disolvente de reacción no es critica. Es posible utilizar disolventes que normalmente no son inertes en presencia de catalizadores de paladio y platino.In this procedure, the reaction of Hydrogenation can be carried out with or without solvent. A Particularly interesting advantage of the use of gold, according to the present invention is that the choice of solvent of reaction is not critical. It is possible to use solvents that normally they are not inert in the presence of palladium catalysts and platinum
En caso de que el procedimiento se realice con disolvente, éste está preferentemente seleccionado entre agua, alcoholes preferentemente seleccionados entre metanol, etanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, butanoles isoméricos, ciclohexanol y combinaciones de los mismos; éteres preferentemente seleccionados entre dietil éter, metil tert-butil éter, tetrahidrofurano, dioxano, dimetoxietano y combinaciones de los mismos; ésteres preferentemente seleccionados entre etil acetato, butil acetato y combinaciones de los mismos; cetonas preferentemente seleccionadas entre butirolactona, acetona, metil etil cetona, metil isobutil cetona, ciclohexanona y combinaciones de las mismas; ácidos carboxílicos preferentemente seleccionados entre ácido acético, ácido propiónico y combinaciones de los mismos; disolventes dipolares apróticos preferentemente seleccionados entre dimetilformamida, N-metilpirrolidina, dimetilacetamida, sulfolano, dimetil sulfóxido, acetonitrilo y combinaciones de los mismos; disolventes apolares preferentemente seleccionados entre tolueno, xileno y combinaciones de los mismos; hidrocarburos aromáticos dorados, cloruro de metileno, alcanos C3-C7, ciclohexano y combinaciones de los mismos. Dicho disolvente sirve como medio de disolución o para facilitar los procesos de separación.In case the procedure is performed with solvent, this is preferably selected from water, alcohols preferably selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isomeric butanoles, cyclohexanol and combinations thereof; ethers preferably selected from diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane and combinations thereof; esters preferably selected from ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and combinations thereof; preferably selected ketones between butyrolactone, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and combinations thereof; acids carboxylic acids preferably selected from acetic acid, propionic acid and combinations thereof; solvents aprotic dipolars preferably selected from dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidine, dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and combinations thereof; apolar solvents preferably selected from toluene, xylene and combinations thereof; golden aromatic hydrocarbons, methylene chloride, alkanes C3-C7, cyclohexane and combinations thereof. Said solvent serves as a dissolution medium or to facilitate The separation processes.
De manera preferente, dicho disolvente está seleccionado entre tolueno, xileno, tetrahidrofurano, dioxano, metil etil cetona, metanol, etanol y combinaciones de los mismos.Preferably, said solvent is selected from toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, ethanol and combinations of same.
El procedimiento de la presente invención puede además realizarse en presencia de uno o más co-disolventes. Dicho co-disolvente está preferentemente seleccionado entre etanol, acetona, acetonitrilo y combinaciones de los mismos.The process of the present invention can also performed in the presence of one or more co-solvents Said co-solvent is preferably selected from ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile and combinations thereof.
Según una realización particular, el procedimiento se lleva a cabo en ausencia de disolvente. Según esta realización, los reactivos que se hidrogenan durante el procedimiento se encuentran preferentemente en fase líquida, gaseosa o en coexistencia de ambas.According to a particular embodiment, the procedure is carried out in the absence of solvent. According to this embodiment, the reagents that are hydrogenated during the procedure are preferably in the liquid, gas phase or in coexistence of both.
El procedimiento de la presente invención, se puede llevar a cabo en fase gas-sólido (catalizador) o en un sistema gas-líquido-sólido (catalizador).The process of the present invention is can be carried out in gas-solid phase (catalyst) or in a system gas-liquid-solid (catalyst).
Además, dicho procedimiento se puede llevar a cabo en un reactor en modo discontinuo o continuo, y la recuperación del catalizador puede realzarse mediante recirculación o regeneración.In addition, said procedure can lead to conducted in a reactor in discontinuous or continuous mode, and the catalyst recovery can be enhanced by recirculation or regeneration
De acuerdo con la presente invención, el uso de oro como catalizador puede ser complementado con cualquier aditivo promotor.In accordance with the present invention, the use of Gold as a catalyst can be supplemented with any additive promoter.
El proceso de la presente invención se describe a continuación utilizando ejemplos, los cuales son únicamente ilustrativos y no deben limitar el ámbito de aplicación de la presente invención.The process of the present invention is described. then using examples, which are only illustrative and should not limit the scope of the present invention
Ejemplo-1Example 1
El catalizador de oro soportado sobre óxido de titanio fue preparado por la técnica de deposición-precipitación. La deposición-precipitación del oro fue llevada a cabo adicionando el soporte a una disolución acuosa de HAuCl_{4} (0,01M), previamente ajustada a un pH 7 con NaOH. Para preparar 1 g de catalizador, 75 mg de HAuCl_{4} deben ser utilizados. La mezcla se mantuvo agitando a 343 K bajo agitación vigorosa durante 2 horas, controlando el pH a un valor de 7. A continuación la muestra fue filtrada, lavada con agua desionizada hasta que los cloruros fueron eliminados, secada a vacío a 353 K y calcinada a 673 K en aire.The gold catalyst supported on oxide titanium was prepared by the technique of deposition-precipitation. The deposition-precipitation of gold was carried out adding the support to an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 (0.01M), previously adjusted to pH 7 with NaOH. To prepare 1 g of catalyst, 75 mg of HAuCl4 should be used. The mixture was kept stirring at 343 K under vigorous stirring for 2 hours, controlling the pH to a value of 7. Then the sample was filtered, washed with deionized water until the chlorides were removed, dried under vacuum at 353 K and calcined at 673 K in air.
Ejemplo-2Example-2
En un autoclave, 2.6 g de catalizador, preparado de acuerdo al Ejemplo 1, son añadidos a una disolución de 13 g de 3-nitroestireno en 100 mL de tolueno, y 1.1 g de o-xileno es usado como patrón interno de la reacción. El contenido del autoclave se calienta hasta 120ºC y se presuriza con 9 bares de hidrógeno, fijándose un nivel de agitación de 1000 r.p.m. La evolución de la reacción fue seguida en relación al consumo de gas (presión en el interior del reactor) y mediante análisis de la fase líquida por cromatografia de gases y espectrometría de masas. Después de 6 horas de reacción, 3-aminoestireno fue producido con un rendimiento del 94%.In an autoclave, 2.6 g of catalyst, prepared according to Example 1, they are added to a solution of 13 g of 3-nitrostyrene in 100 mL of toluene, and 1.1 g of o-xylene is used as the internal standard of the reaction. The autoclave content is heated to 120 ° C and is pressurizes with 9 bars of hydrogen, setting a stirring level from 1000 r.p.m. The evolution of the reaction was followed in relation to gas consumption (pressure inside the reactor) and by analysis of the liquid phase by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. After 6 hours of reaction, 3-amino styrene was produced with a yield of 94%
Ejemplo-3Example-3
En un autoclave, 2.6 g de catalizador, preparado de acuerdo al Ejemplo 1, son añadidos a una disolución de 13 g de 3-nitroestireno en 100 mL de tolueno, y 1.1 g de o-xileno es usado como patrón interno de la reacción. El contenido del autoclave se calienta hasta 120ºC y se presuriza con 9 bares de hidrógeno, fijándose un nivel de agitación de 1000 r.p.m. La evolución de la reacción fue seguida en relación al consumo de gas (presión en el interior del reactor) y mediante análisis de la fase líquida por cromatografia de gases y espectrometría de masas. Después de 6 horas de reacción, 3-aminoestireno fue producido con un rendimiento del 94%.In an autoclave, 2.6 g of catalyst, prepared according to Example 1, they are added to a solution of 13 g of 3-nitrostyrene in 100 mL of toluene, and 1.1 g of o-xylene is used as the internal standard of the reaction. The autoclave content is heated to 120 ° C and is pressurizes with 9 bars of hydrogen, setting a stirring level from 1000 r.p.m. The evolution of the reaction was followed in relation to gas consumption (pressure inside the reactor) and by analysis of the liquid phase by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. After 6 hours of reaction, 3-amino styrene was produced with a yield of 94%
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Base de datos WPI (Thomson), número de acceso 2001-650716(75) & JP 2001213854 A (ASAHI KASEI KOGYO) 07.08.2001. Recuperado de EPOQUENET on line, resumen. * |
KABALKA et al., Synthetic Communications 1990, vol. 20, nº 16, páginas 2453-2458. "The palladium assisted transfer reduction of a,b-unsaturated nitroalkenes to oximes using ammonium formate", ver experimental, tabla compuesto 1. * |
SEUNG HWAN LEE et al., Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 2003, vol. 1, nº 7, páginas 1099-1100. "Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of conjugated nitroalkenes using decaborane: synthesis of oximes", resumen; tabla 1 compuesto 14. * |
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