ES2289326T3 - ELEVATOR WITH NON-WEIGHT TRACTION PULLEY. - Google Patents

Abstract

Lift without counterweight and, preferably, lift without machine room, in which lift a lifting machine (10) is applied with a set of lifting cables (3) by means of a traction sheave (11), and a cabin ( 1) an elevator that is supported, at least partially, by said lifting cables, which serve as means for moving the elevator car (1), characterized in that the elevator car is suspended from the lifting cables (3) by means of at least one deflection pulley (13, 14) from whose rim, the lifting cables rise from both sides, and at least one diverting pulley (7, 5) from whose rim the lifting cables descend from both sides of the deflector pulley, and in whose elevator there are guide rails (2) on one side of the cabin (1) of the elevator.

Description

Lift with traction sheave without counterweight.

The present invention relates to an elevator as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

One of the objectives in the development work of an elevator is to achieve the economic and efficient use of the construction space. In recent years, this development work has produced various solutions for elevators without machine room, among other things. Good examples of elevators without machine room are set forth in the descriptive reports of EP 0 631 967 (A1), WO 9806655 and EP 0 631 968. The elevators described in these reports are frankly effective in terms of use space , since they have made it possible to eliminate the space required by the elevator machine room in the building without the need to enlarge the elevator shaft. In the elevators set forth in these descriptions, the machine is compact, at least in one direction,
but in another direction it can have much larger dimensions than those of a usual elevator machinery.

In these elevator solutions basically good, the space required by the lifting machinery limits the freedom of choice between elevator design solutions. Be it needs space for the provisions required for the passage of Lifting cables It is difficult to reduce the space required by the elevator car itself in its guides and also the space required by the counterweight, at least at a cost reasonable and without harming the behavior of the elevator and its functional quality In an elevator with traction sheave without room of machines, it is often difficult to mount the lifting machine in the elevator shaft, especially in a solution with the machine located above, since the lifting machine is a body Sizable, of considerable weight. Especially in the case of higher loads, speeds and / or lifting weights, size and machine weight constitute a problem in relation to its installation, all the more so than the size and weight required for the machine they have limited, in practice, the scope of application of the elevator concept without machine room or, at less, they have delayed the introduction of this concept in the bigger elevators. When modernizing elevators, the space available in the elevator shaft often limits the field of application of the concept of elevator without machine room. In many cases, especially when they are modernized or replaced hydraulic elevators, it is not practical to apply the concept of Wired elevator without machine room due to insufficient space available in the well, especially in the case where that the hydraulic lift solution that has to modernize / replace lacks counterweight. A disadvantage with the elevators provided with counterweight is the cost of this and the space required in the well. The drum lifts, which rarely used today, they have the disadvantage of require heavy and complicated lifting machinery, with great energy consumption.

The object of the present invention is to achieve, by less, one of the following objectives. On the one hand, an object of the invention is to further develop the elevator without room machines in order to allow more effective use than formerly of the building space and the elevator shaft. This means that the elevator must be able to be installed, if it were necessary, in a frankly narrow elevator shaft. For another On the other hand, an object of the invention is to reduce the size and / or weight of the elevator or at least your machine. An object is to get a elevator in which the elevator lift cable with cables Thin lift and / or a small traction sheave, have a good grip / contact on the traction sheave. Another object of the invention is to get a lift solution without counterweight that doesn't compromise elevator properties.

The object of the invention must be achieved without compromise the possibility of changing the basic scheme of elevator.

The elevator of the invention is characterized by which is described in the characterizing part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is described in the other claims. In the descriptive section of the present application some are also described embodiments of the invention. The inventive concept of the request it can also be defined differently from that of claims offered below. The content of invention may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of expressions or secondary tasks implicit or from the point of view of advantages or categories of the advantages achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the following claims can be superfluous from the point of view of independent inventive concepts.

By applying the invention, one or More of the following advantages:

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Using a small traction sheave you get a lift machine and / or a lift very compact

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The small coated traction sheave used allows to reduce easily the weight of the machine even up to approximately half of what the machines generally used in the currently in elevators without machine room. For example, in the case of elevators designed for a lower nominal load at 1000 kg, this means machines weighing 100-150 kg or even less. Choosing appropriate materials and solutions for the engine it is even possible to get machines with a weight less than 100 kg or even as small as about 50 kg

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A good grip on the traction sheave, which is achieved in particular using double-turn wiring and lightweight components allow considerably reduce the weight of the cabin of the elevator.

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A machine of compact size and thin cables, substantially round, allow the elevator machine to be placed with relative freedom in the well. Thus, the solution of the invention for the elevator can be implemented in a frankly wide diversity of ways both in the case of elevators with the machine above as in the case of elevators with the machine below.

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The elevator machine can advantageously be placed between the cabin and a wall of the well.

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The all or at least part of the weight of the elevator car It can be supported by the elevator guide rails.

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In elevators incorporating the invention, can be easily achieved a centered layout of the cab suspension elevator, thereby reducing lateral support forces which apply to guide rails.

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The application of the invention allows efficient use of the area of the cross section of the well.

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He invention reduces the time and total installation costs of the elevator.

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He elevator is economical manufacturing and installation because many of its components are smaller and lighter than those used previously.

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He Speed regulator cable and lifting cable are, usually, different in their properties, and they can be Easily distinguish during installation if the cable from the Speed regulator is thicker than lifting cables; on the other hand, the speed regulator cable and the cables of elevation can also have the same structure, which reduce ambiguities in regards to these issues in Regarding logistics of delivery and installation of the elevator.

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The Light, thin cables are easy to handle, allowing a installation considerably faster.

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By for example, in elevators for a nominal load of less than 1000 kg, the thin and strong steel wire cables of the invention, they have a diameter of the order of only 3-5 mm, if thinner cables and more can also be used thick.

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With cable diameters of about 6 mm or 8 mm can be achieved, from according to the invention, really big elevators and rapid.

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The traction sheave and cable pulleys are small and light, in comparison with those used in the usual elevators.

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The Small traction pulley allows the use of more operational brakes little ones.

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The Small traction sheave reduces torque needs, allowing thus the use of a smaller engine with more operational brakes little ones.

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Due to the smaller traction sheave, a speed of higher turn to achieve a given cabin speed, what which means that, with a smaller engine, you can get the Same motor output power.

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They can Coated or uncoated cables are used.

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Is It is possible to incorporate the traction sheave and pulleys into practice for cable so that, once the sheathing of the pulley, the cable will bite firmly on the pulley and, thus, in this emergency, sufficient grip will be maintained Between cable and pulley.

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The use of a small traction sheave allows the use of an engine smaller for the elevator drive, which means a reduction of acquisition / manufacturing costs of the engine drive

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He invention can be applied in elevator solutions with and without gears

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Yes well the invention is intended to be used primarily in elevators without machine room, can also be applied in elevators with machine room.

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Through the invention, a better grip and better contact between the lifting cables and the traction sheave by increasing the contact angle between they.

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Due to the improved grip, the size and weight of the cabin.

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He potential space savings achieved through the elevator invention is greatly increased upon elimination, at least partially, the space required by the counterweight.

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At elevator of the invention can be used a machine and / or a motor more Light and smaller.

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To be the lightest and smallest lift system, you can save energy and, at the same time, lower costs.

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The machine placement in the well can be selected with relative freedom, since the space required by the counterweight and its Guide rails can be used for other purposes.

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Assembling at least the machine lift lift, traction sheave and cable sheave, that works as a deflection pulley, as a complete unit, that offered as part of the elevator of the invention, will be achieved considerable savings in costs and installation time.

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In the elevator solution of the invention, it is possible to arrange all cables in the well, next to the elevator car; by For example, in the case of "backpack" type solutions, you can Provide that the cables run behind the cab of the elevator, in the space between it and the rear wall from the elevator shaft.

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He invention also facilitates the practical execution of solutions for panoramic lift.

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Dice that the elevator solution of the invention does not comprise, necessarily, a counterweight, it is possible to implement elevator solutions in which the cabin has doors in several walls, in an extreme case, even in all walls of the elevator car. In this case, the lanes of elevator car guide are arranged in the corners of the same.

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The elevator solution of the invention can be implemented with Different machinery solutions.

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The Cab suspension can be implemented using, almost, any suitable suspension relationship.

The main scope of the invention is found in elevators designed to transport people and / or cargo. A typical scope of the invention is found in elevators whose speed range is, approximately 1.0 m / s or less, but it can also be more tall. For example, it is easy to incorporate into practice, according with the invention, an elevator whose travel speed is of 0.6 m / s.

Both in the case of lifts for people as in the case of forklifts, many of the advantages achieved thanks to the invention they are markedly notable even in elevators for, only, 2-4 people and, they are already striking in elevators for 6-8 people (500-630 kg).

In the elevator of the invention, normal cables for elevator elevation are applicable, such as generally used steel cables. In the elevator, it is possible to use cables made of artificial materials and cables in which the load bearing part is made of artificial fiber such as, for example, the so-called "aramid cables", whose use in elevators has been proposed only Recently. Applicable solutions also include flat cables reinforced with steel, especially since they allow a small deflection radius. Of particularly suitable application in the elevator of the invention are twisted elevator lift cables, for example those formed from round and strong wires. With round wires, the cable can be twisted in many ways using wires of different or the same thickness. In cables suitable for application in the invention, the thickness of the wire is, on average, less than 0.4 mm. Perfectly applicable cables made of strong wires, are those in which the average thickness of the wire is less than 0.3 mm or even less than 0.2 mm. For example, cables of thin and strong wires, 4 mm, can be formed by twisting, relatively inexpensively, from wires such that the average thickness of the wire in the terminated cable is in the range of 0.15-0, 25 mm, while thinner wires can be as small as only 0.1 mm thick. Thin wires for cables can easily be made very strong. In the invention, wires for cables with a strength greater than 2000 N / mm2 are used. A suitable range of resistance of cable wires is between 2300 and 2700 N / mm2. In principle, it is possible to use cable wires with a resistance of up to approximately 3000 N / mm2 or even
higher.

The elevator of the invention is preferably a elevator without machine room, in which the machinery of lifting is applied with the lifting cables by means of a traction sheave, the elevator car being supported, at less partially, by said lifting cables, which serve as Transmission medium to move the elevator car. The cabin of the elevator is connected to the lifting cables by, at less, a deflection pulley from whose rim the cables of elevation ascend from both sides of the deflection pulley, and at minus a deflection pulley from whose rim the cables lower elevation, from both sides of the deflection pulley, and on whose lift the traction sheave is applied with the cable part between these diverter pulleys.

Increasing the contact angle by means of a cable pulley that works as a deflection pulley, can increase the grip between the traction sheave and the cables elevation. In this way, the cabin can be made lighter and can reduce its size, thus improving the potential space saving of the elevator Using one or more deflector pulleys you get a contact angle of more than 180º between the traction sheave and the lifting cable

In the following, the invention will be described with detail with the help of a few examples of realization, with reference to the attached drawings, in which

Fig. 1 offers a diagram representing a elevator with traction sheave according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a diagram representing a second lift with traction sheave according to the invention,

Fig. 3 shows a diagram representing a third lift with traction sheave according to the invention,

Fig. 4 illustrates a diagram representing a elevator with traction sheave according to the invention,

Fig. 5 presents a diagram representing a elevator with traction sheave according to the invention,

Fig. 6 shows a traction sheave that incorporate the invention,

Fig. 7 illustrates a coating solution according to the invention,

Fig. 8a shows a steel wire cable used in the invention,

Fig. 8b illustrates a second wire cable of steel used in the invention,

Fig. 8c presents a third wire cable of steel used in the invention,

Figures 9 show some provisions of wiring for traction sheave according to the invention,

Fig. 10 offers an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 12 shows a diagram of a placement of the traction sheave according to the invention, and

Fig. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 offers a diagrammatic illustration of The structure of the elevator. The elevator is preferably a elevator without machine room with a drive machine 10 located in the elevator shaft. The elevator shown in the figure It is an elevator with traction pulley without counterweight and with the machinery located above. The passage of the lifting cables 3 of the elevator, is as follows: one end of the cables is fixed immovably to an anchor 16 at the top of the well, from where the cables 3 pass to a deflection pulley 15 located in the top of the well and from whose deflector pulley 15, the cables follow a deflector pulley 13 located above the elevator car, from whose deflector pulley 13 the cables pass up, to the traction sheave 11 of the machine 10 of drive, surrounding it along the throats for cable the traction sheave From traction sheave 11, cables 3 they descend exceeding the cabin 1 of the elevator, which moves following the elevator guide rails 2, to a pulley diverter 4 located at the bottom of the well, then following from diverter pulley 4 to a diverter pulley located under the elevator car, from which the cables 3 pass to  a deflector pulley 6 from the bottom of the elevator shaft and then follow a diverter pulley 7 under the cab of the elevator, from which the cables 3 follow to an anchor 9 of the bottom of the elevator shaft, to which the other end of the cables 3 immovably. In the anchor bottom of the lifting cable 3 there is also a tension element 8 of cable, by which the voltage of the cables. The tensioning element 8 can be, for example, a spring or a weight that hangs freely on the end of the cable or some other appropriate solution for the tensioning element. In a preferred case, the  drive machine 10 can be fixed, for example, to a rail of guide of the cabin, and the derailleur pulley 15 of the part superior of the well is mounted on the beams of the top of the well, which are attached to the cab guide rails 2. Pulleys diverters 5, 7, 13, 14 of the elevator car are mounted on beams above and below the cabin. Pulleys diverters from the bottom of the well are mounted, from preference, on the floor of the well. In Fig. 1, the pulley of traction is applied with the part of the cable between the diverter pulleys 13 and 5, this being a preferable solution of according to the invention.

The drive machine 10 located in the elevator shaft preferably has a flat construction; in other words, the machine has a small dimension as far as at its thickness, compared to its width and / or its height or, at less, the machine is slender enough to accommodate it between the elevator car and a wall of the elevator shaft. Machine it can also be arranged differently, for example placing the slender machine totally or partially between a imaginary extension of the elevator car and a wall of the water well. In the elevator of the invention, it is possible to use a machine 10 drive almost any type and design, which fits in the reserved space For example, it is possible to use a machine with or without gears. The machine can be sized Compact and / or flat. In suspension solutions according to the invention, the speed of the cable is often high in comparison with the speed of the elevator, so that, as basic solution for the machine, it is possible to use even unsophisticated machine types. The elevator shaft is provided, advantageously, with the equipment required for food of current to the motor that drives the traction sheave 11, as well as of the necessary equipment for the control of the elevator, being able to be both located in a common instrument panel 12 or being able to be mounted separately from each other or integrated in part or in in its entirety, with the drive machine 10. A solution preferable is a gearless machine comprising a motor of permanent magnets The drive machine can be fixed to a wall of the elevator shaft, to the roof, to a guide rail or to any other structure, such as a beam or a frame. At case of an elevator with the machine under it, another possibility It consists of mounting the machine at the bottom of the elevator shaft. The Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred suspension solution in which the suspension ratio of deflector pulleys above the elevator car and diverting pulleys below the elevator car, it is the same 4: 1 suspension in both cases. Other suspension solutions can also be used to carry to practice the invention. The elevator represented in the figure it has automatic telescopic doors, but within the framework of the invention other types of doors can also be used Automatic or rotating. The elevator of the invention can be incorporated  in practice, too, as a solution that comprises a room of machines, or the machine can be mounted so that it can move with the elevator In the invention, the diverting pulleys connected to the elevator car can preferably be mounted in a same beam, which supports both the deflector pulleys located by above the cabin like those below it. This beam can be mounted on top of the cabin, on the side of the cabin or under her, or in her frame, or in some other appropriate place of the cabin structure. Diverter pulleys can also be mounted, each, separately in appropriate places in the cabin and from the well.

Fig. 2 illustrates a diagram representing another lift with traction sheave according to the invention. In this elevator, the cables go up from the machine. This type of lift is generally an elevator with pulley traction with the machine below. The elevator car 201 is suspended from lift cables 203 of the elevator. Unit 210 of elevator drive machine is mounted in the well  of the elevator, preferably at the bottom of the well. The elevator car 201 moves in the elevator shaft along of an elevator guide rail 202, guiding it.

In Fig. 2, the lifting cables run as follows: one end of the cables is fixed to an anchor 216 at the top of the well, from where they descend towards a pulley diverter 213, from which the cables rise again to a first deflector pulley 215 mounted on the top of the well and, from the deflector pulley 215 they go to a deflection pulley 214 in cabin 201 of the elevator, from which they return to a pulley diverter 219 at the top of the well. From the pulley diverter 219, the lifting cables also go to the pulley drive 211 driven by the drive machine 210. From the traction sheave the cables rise again to a pulley derailleur 204 mounted under the cab and, after wrapping it, the lifting cables run along a diverter pulley 220 mounted on the bottom of the elevator shaft back to a second deflector pulley 205, under the cab, from where the cables pass then to an anchor 209 at the bottom of the elevator shaft, where the other ends of the lifting cables are fixed. There is also a cable tensioner element 208 in the lower anchor of the cables. The elevator shown in Fig. 2 is an elevator with traction sheave with the machine underneath, in which the ratio of suspension, both above and below the cabin, is 4: 1. In addition, less space is needed in the well, above or above under the elevator car, because the cable pulleys used as diverter pulleys are small in diameter comparison with the previous solutions, depending on how they are cable pulleys mounted in the cab and / or in the frame the elevator car

Fig. 3 presents a diagrammatic illustration of the structure of an elevator according to the invention. He elevator is preferably an elevator without machine room, with a drive machine 310 located in the well of the elevator. The elevator illustrated in Fig. 3 is an elevator with traction sheave with the machine on top, in which the ratio of suspension, above and below the elevator car is of 6: 1. The passage of the lift cables 303 of the elevator is like continue: one end of the cables 303 is fixed immovably to an anchor 316 at the top of the well, from where the cables run down to a 315 diverter pulley mounted on the side of the elevator car, from where the cables run then towards the top of the elevator shaft, passing around a deflector pulley 320, from which the cables 303 they descend towards a derailleur pulley 314, from which they return to down to a deflector pulley 313. Going through the gorges of the derailleur pulley 313, the lifting cables now run towards up to traction sheave 311 of the machine drive 310, passing around the traction sheave by the cable throats of it. From the traction sheave 311, the cables 303 then run down towards the pulley diverter 322, wrapping it through the cable throats of the same and then back again up to the pulley of traction 311, around which the cables run along the Throats for traction sheave cable. From the pulley of traction 311, cables 303 then run down the throats for 322 derailleur pulley cable, up to a pulley diverter 307 located at the bottom of the elevator shaft, from where they then go to cabin 301 of the elevator that moves to along guide rails 302 of the elevator car and at a derailleur pulley 306 mounted on its lower edge. The wires are passed between diverter pulleys 318, 319 in the part bottom of the elevator shaft and diverter pulleys 306, 305, 304 from the bottom of the elevator car so many times as necessary to achieve the same suspension ratio for the part above the elevator car as for the under the cabin. After this, the cable goes down to an anchoring element 308, for example, a weight, which functions as cable tensioning element that hangs freely at the other end of the cable. In the case shown in the figure, the machine lift and deflector pulleys are all located, of preference, on the same side of the elevator car. This solution is particularly advantageous in the case of a solution of elevator with "backpack" machinery, in which case the components mentioned above are arranged behind the elevator car, in the space between the wall rear of the elevator car and the rear wall of the well. In a "backpack" solution like this, guide rails 302 of the elevator may be arranged, preferably, for example in the front part of the elevator car, on the sides of the elevator car or its frame. The wiring arrangement between traction sheave 311 and sheave diverter 322 is known as double-turn wiring, in which the lifting cables are wrapped around the traction sheave two and / or more times. In this way, the contact angle can Increase in two and / or more stages. For example, in the embodiment presented in Fig. 3 a contact angle of 180º + is achieved 180º, that is, 360º, between the traction sheave 311 and the cables lift 303. The double-turn wiring illustrated in the figure can also be arranged otherwise, for example placing the deflector pulley on the side of the pulley traction, in which case, as the lifting cables pass through two times around the traction sheave, an angle of 180º + 90º contact = 270º, or arranging the traction sheave in Some other appropriate place. A preferable solution is to arrange the traction sheave 311 and deflection sheave 322 such that the diverter pulley 322 also works as a guide for the cables 303 elevation and as a damping wheel. Another advantageous solution is to build a complete unit that includes both a machine elevator drive with a traction sheave as one or more diverting pulleys with bearings at a correct working angle in relation to the traction sheave to increase the angle of Contact. The working angle is determined by the wiring used between the traction sheave and the diverter pulleys or pulleys, which defines the way in which mutual positions and the angle between the traction sheave and the diverter pulleys or pulleys are provided in unity, some in relation to others. This unit can be mounted on your site as a unit aggregate in the same way as a drive machine The drive machine can be fixed to a wall of the elevator shaft, to the roof, to one or more lanes guide or some other structure, such as a beam or a frame. In a double-turn wiring, when the deflection pulley has substantially the same size as the traction sheave, the The first can also work as a damping wheel. In this case, the cables that go from the traction sheave to the counterweight and to the elevator car they are passed through the gorges to deflection pulley cable and cable deflection caused by The deflector pulley is very small. It could be said that the cables that come from the traction sheave only touch tangentially to the deflection pulley. Such tangential contact serves as a solution to dampen the vibrations of the wires that come out and can apply equally to other wiring solutions.

Fig. 4 presents a diagrammatic illustration of the structure of a fourth elevator according to the invention. The elevator is preferably an elevator without a machine room, with a drive machine 410 located in the well of the elevator. The lift shown in Fig. 4 is a pulley lift of traction with the machine located above and with a ratio of 7: 1 suspension above and below the elevator car,  which constitutes a very advantageous practical execution of the invention in Regarding the suspension relationship. The passage of the cables of elevation is, fundamentally, similar to that of Fig. 3, but in this figure the starting point of the lifting cables 403 is it is located in cabin 401 of the elevator, to which it is secured the cable substantially immovable. Through this provision, an odd suspension relationship is achieved for the part of above the elevator car. Another difference with the Fig. 3 is that the number of diverter pulleys mounted on the part upper the elevator shaft exceeds that of Fig. 3. The passage  of the cables to the lifting machine 410 follows the same principle as in Fig. 3. From the lifting machine 410, the lifting cable runs between diverter pulleys 407, 418, 419, 423 at the bottom of the elevator shaft and pulleys diverters 406, 405, 404, mounted under the cab of the elevator, according to the same principle as in Fig. 3. In the part of under the elevator car you get the same ratio of suspension, that is, an odd suspension ratio of 7: 1, fixing the cables to an anchor 425 of the elevator car 401. At this fixing point, a tensioning element is also located of the cable. In Fig. 4 there is also a difference with Fig. 3 as regards the wiring between the 411 traction sheave and the diverter pulley 422. The arrangement of the cables offered in Fig. 4 can also be called X-turn wiring (XW) The previously known concepts are wiring with turn double (DW), single-turn wiring (SW) and wiring with single extended lap (ESW). In wiring with X-turn, the lifting cables are forced to wrap the pulley of 411 traction with a large contact angle. For example, in the case illustrated in Fig. 4, a very good contact angle is achieved greater than 180º, for example 270º, between the traction sheave 411 and lifting cables. The wiring with X-turn that is shown in the figure can also be arranged otherwise by example providing two deflector pulleys in positions appropriate near the drive machine. In Fig. 4, the diverter pulley 422 has been mounted at an angle position with relation to the traction sheave 807, such that the cables run transversely in a manner known per se in order to that are not damaged. In this figure, the passage of the cables of lift from the deflection pulley 413 is arranged so that the cables run through the throats for pulley cable diverter 422, to traction sheave 411 of the machine drive 410, wrapping in it following the throats for traction sheave cable. From the 411 traction sheave, the wires 403 descend, intersecting with the ascending cables and then down the throats for pulley cable diverter, to the diverter pulley 407.

Fig. 5 offers a diagram illustrating the structure of an elevator according to the invention. The elevator it is, preferably, an elevator without a machine room, with a 510 drive machine located in the elevator shaft. He elevator represented in the figure is an elevator with pulley traction with the machine on top and with a suspension ratio of 9: 1 both above and below the elevator car. He step of the lift cables 503 of the elevator is as follows: a cable end is substantially fixed immovable in relation to the elevator car, at a point of 530 fixing, so that they can move with the cab from the elevator, from where the cables go up to a pulley derailleur 525 at the top of the well, from whose pulley they then run, in the manner described above, between the pulleys diverters 525, 513, 524, 514, 520, 515, 521, 526 and from whose diverter pulleys the 503 cables then run to the pulley 511 traction of the 510 drive machine, passing around she by the throats for cable of the traction pulley. From the traction sheave 511, lift cables 303 then go to down, crossing with the cables that go up, to the pulley derailleur 522, surrounding it along the cable throats of the 522 diverting pulley. From the 522 diverting pulley, the 503 cables descend to a diverter pulley 528 in the part bottom of the elevator shaft. The cables then run from the diverter pulley 528 up, between diverter pulleys 504, 505, 506, 507, in the lower part of the elevator car and the diverter pulleys 528, 527, 526, 519, 518 from the bottom of the well  of the elevator, in the manner described in relation to the figures precedents In Fig. 5, a suspension ratio is achieved odd under the elevator car when having the lifting cable set substantially immovable in relation to the elevator car at a fixing point 531, at whose point of fixing is also mounted a mounting element. The wiring arrangement used between traction sheave 511 and the 522 deflection pulley is called single-turn wiring extended. In extended single-turn wiring it is done that the lifting cables surround the traction sheave with greater contact angle using a deflection pulley. For example in the case illustrated in Fig. 5, the contact angle between the 511 traction sheave and 503 lifting cables is much higher at 180º, for example about 270º. One-turn wiring The extension offered in Fig. 5 can also provide another way, for example locating the traction sheave and the sheave diverter in a mutually different way, for example wrapping them differently than in Fig. 5. The pulley derailleur 522 is mounted in position at an angle relative to the traction sheave 511, such that the cables intersect in known way so that they are not damaged.

Fig. 6 illustrates a partial section view of a pulley 600 for cable incorporating the invention. Throats 601 for cable are under a 602 liner on the rim 606 of the cable pulley. Provided in the pulley hub for cable there is a 603 space for a bearing used to mount the cable pulley. The cable pulley is also provided with 605 screw holes, which allow to secure the pulley for cable on its side to an anchor of the lifting machine 10, by example to a rotating flange, to form a traction sheave 11, so that a separate support of the machine is not needed elevation. The lining material used in the pulley traction and on the pulleys for cable can consist of rubber, polyurethane or a corresponding elastic material that increases the friction. The material of the traction sheave and / or pulleys for cable can also be chosen so that, together with the cable of lifting used, form a pair of materials such that the cable lifting bites on the pulley after the pulley lining. This ensures the existence of a grip sufficient between cable pulley 600 and lifting cable 3 in an emergency, when the coating 602 has worn out, disappearing from the 600 pulley. This feature allows the lift maintain its functionality and operational reliability in the situation mentioned above. The traction sheave and / or pulleys for cable can also be manufactured in such a way that only the 606 rim of cable pulley 600 is made of a material that forms a pair of materials, with the lifting cable 3, which Increase grip. The use of strong lifting cables, considerably thinner than normal employees, allows the traction sheave and cable pulleys to be designed with considerably smaller sizes and dimensions than when They use cables of normal dimensions. This also makes possible use a smaller engine, with smaller torque, as the engine of elevator drive, which leads to a reduction of engine acquisition costs. For example, in an elevator of according to the invention, designed for a nominal load less than 1000 kg, the diameter of the traction sheave is preferably of 120-200 mm, but may even be smaller than this. The diameter of the traction sheave depends on the thickness of the lifting cables used. In the elevator of the invention, the use of small traction pulleys, for example, in the case of lifts for a nominal load of less than 1000 kg, makes it possible get a machine weight even as low as, approximately half the weight of the machines used currently, which means the production of machines lift weighing 100-150 kg or even less. In the invention, it is understood that the machine comprises at least the traction sheave, motor, structures that house the machine and the breaks. The diameter of the traction sheave depends on the thickness of the lifting cables used. Usually, a relationship between diameters D / d = 40 or greater, where D is the diameter of the traction sheave and d being the thickness of the lifting cable. This ratio can be reduced somewhat at the expense of wear resistance of the cable. Alternatively, the D / d ratio can be reduced, without compromise the service life of the cables if, at the same time time, the number of cables is increased, in which case the voltage will be minor in each cable. Such a D / d ratio below 40 could be, for For example, a D / d ratio of approximately 30 or even minor, for example D / d = 25. However, often reduce the D / d ratio considerably below 30 dramatically reduces the service life of the cable, although this can be compensated using special structure cables. In practice, get a D / d ratio below 20 is very difficult, but it could be achieved using a cable specially designed for it, although said Cable would, most likely, be expensive.

The weight of the elevator machine and its support elements used to keep the machine in position in the elevator shaft is, at most, approximately 1/5 of the nominal load If the machine is supported, exclusively or almost exclusively, by one or more elevator guide rails, then the total weight of the machine and its support elements it can be less than about 1/6 or even less than 1/8 of the nominal load. For nominal load of an elevator must the defined load is understood for elevators of a given size. The Support elements of the elevator machine may include, by for example, a beam, carriage or suspension bracket used to support or suspend the machine in / from a wall structure or roof of the elevator shaft or elevator guide rails, or fasteners used to secure the machine to the sides of the elevator guide rails. It will be easy to get an elevator in which the dead weight of the machine, without supporting elements, is less than 1/7 of the nominal load or even of approximately 1/10 of the nominal load or still lower. How example of machine weight in the case of a lift with a weight given nominal for a nominal load of 630 kg, the combined weight of The machine and its support elements can be only 75 kg when the diameter of the traction sheave is 160 mm and use lifting cables with a diameter of 4 mm or, said of otherwise, the total weight of the machine and its support elements is approximately 1/8 of the nominal load of the elevator. How another example, with the same diameter of 160 mm of the pulley traction and the same diameter of 4 mm of the lifting cable, in the case of an elevator for a nominal load of approximately 1000 kg, the total weight of the machine and its suspension elements is about 150 kg so that, in this case, the machine and its elements of support have a total weight approximately equal to 1/6 of the nominal load As a third example, in an elevator designed to a nominal load of 1600 kg and with a pulley diameter of traction of 240 mm and a diameter of 6 mm of the lifting cable, the Total weight of the machine and its support elements will be about 300 kg or, in other words, the total weight of the machine and its support elements will be equal to approximately 1/7 of the load nominal. By varying the suspension provisions of lifting cables, it is possible to reach a total weight, still bottom, of the machine and its support elements. For example, when in an elevator designed for a nominal load of 500 kg, use a suspension ratio of 4: 1, a pulley diameter of tension of 160 mm and a diameter of the cable of elevation of 4 mm, a total weight of the lifting machine and its support elements of approximately 50 kg. In this case, the total weight of the machine and its support elements is so Small as, approximately, only 1/10 of the nominal load. When the size of the traction sheave is substantially reduced and a higher suspension ratio is used, the torque output required engine drops to a fraction compared to the starting situation. For example, if instead of a relationship of 2: 1 suspension uses a 4: 1 and, instead of a pulley with a diameter of 400 mm a pulley is used 160 mm traction, then, if losses are neglected increased, the torque requirement falls to a fifth. By Therefore, the machine size is also reduced really considerable.

Fig. 7 presents a solution in which the throat 701 for the cable is made in the lining 702, which is thinner on the sides of the throat for the cable than in the background. In such a solution, the coating is applied in a basic throat 720 provided on the pulley 700 for cable so that the deformations caused in the coating by the pressure that it is applied by the cable, they will be small and will be limited, mainly, those caused by the texture of the cable surface in the sheathing. A solution of this calase means, often in practice that the coating of the cable pulley consists of secondary linings, throat-specific for the cable, separated from each other but, considering manufacturing or other considerations aspects, it may be appropriate to design the pulley liner for cable so that it extends continuously over several Gorges

By making the thinner lining on the sides of the throat that at its bottom is avoided or, at least, the effort imposed by the cable on the bottom of the throat for it is reduced while sinking into the throat. As the pressure cannot be discharged laterally but is directed by the combined effect of the shape of the basic throat 720 and the variation of the thickness of the coating 702 to support the cable in the throat 7301 for the same, it is also achieved that on the cable and sheath act the lowest maximum pressures. One method of manufacturing a grooved liner 702 such as this is to fill the basic rounded bottom throat 720 with cladding material and then form a semicircular cable groove 701 in this basic throat cladding material. The shape of the cable throats is perfectly supported and the layer of the load bearing surface under the cable offers better resistance against lateral propagation of the compression stresses produced by the cables. Lateral expansion or adjustment of the coating caused by pressure is favored by the thickness and elasticity of the coating and reduced by hardness and eventual reinforcements of the coating. The thickness of the coating at the bottom of the throat for the cable can be made large, even as large as half the thickness of the cable, in which case a hard and non-elastic coating is needed. On the other hand, if a coating thickness corresponding to only about one tenth of the cable thickness is used, then the coating material can be clearly softer. An elevator for eight people could be incorporated in practice using a thickness of the lining at the bottom of the throat equal to approximately one fifth of the thickness of the cable, if the cables and the load on them are properly chosen. The thickness of the sheathing must be equal to at least 2-3 times the depth of the texture of the surface of the cable formed by the wires of the surface thereof. Such a very thin coating, with a thickness even smaller than the thickness of the wire of the surface of the lifting cable will not necessarily withstand the tension imposed on it. In practice, the coating must have a thickness greater than this minimum thickness, since the coating must also receive variations in the surface of the cable more marked than the texture of its surface. Such a more rugged area is formed, for example, when the height differences between the cable strands are greater than those between the wires. In practice, a minimum suitable thickness of the coating is equal to approximately 1 to 3 times the thickness of the surface wires. In the case of cables normally used in elevators, which have been designed to come into contact with a metal throat for the cable and have a thickness of 8-10 mm, this definition of thickness leads to a coating of at least 1 mm thick approximately. Since a coating on the traction sheave, which causes greater cable wear than the other pulleys for the elevator cable, will reduce cable wear and, therefore, also the need to provide the cable with thick wires on its surface, The cable can be made smoother. The smoothness of the cable can, of course, be improved by coating it with a material suitable for this purpose, such as, for example, polyurethane or an equivalent. The use of thin wires allows the cable itself to become thinner, because thin steel wires can be made of a stronger material than thicker wires. For example, using 0.2 mm wires, a lifting cable for 4 mm thick elevators can be manufactured, of frankly good construction. Depending on the thickness of the lifting cable used and / or other factors, the wires of the steel wire cable may preferably have a thickness between 0.15 mm and 0.5 mm, in which range they are readily available Steel wires with good strength properties, of which even a single wire offers sufficient wear resistance and a sufficiently low susceptibility to damage. In the foregoing, cables made of round steel wires have been described. Applying the same principles, cables can be formed by twisting all or part of non-round profile wires. In this case, the cross-sectional areas of the wires are preferably substantially the same as for round wires, that is, they are in the range of
0.015 mm 2 - 0.2 mm 2. Using wires in this thickness range, it will be easy to produce steel wire cables with a wire strength greater than about 2000 N / mm2 and a wire cross-sectional area of 0.015 mm2-0 , 2 mm2 and comprising a large cross-sectional area of steel material in relation to the cross-sectional area of the cable, as achieved, for example, by using the Warrington construction. For the implementation of the invention, cables with a resistance of the wire in the range of 2300 N / mm2-2700 N / mm2 are particularly suitable, since such cables have a supporting capacity of very high load in relation to the thickness of the cable, while the high hardness of the strong wires does not imply any substantial difficulty when using the cable in elevators. A traction sheave well suited for a cable of this class is already clearly below 1 mm thick. However, the coating must be thick enough to ensure that it will not be scratched or drilled very easily, for example, by a grain of sand or similar particle that, occasionally, can be introduced between the throat for the cable and the lifting cable. Thus, a minimum desirable coating thickness, even when thin wire lifting cables are used, would be approximately 0.5 .... 1 mm. For lifting cables with small surface wires and an otherwise relatively smooth surface, a coating with a thickness of the A + Bcos? Form is perfectly suitable. However, such cladding is also applicable to cables whose surface strands are with the throat for the cable spaced apart from each other, because if the cladding material is hard enough, each strand that meets the throat for the cable is supported , in a way, separately and the support force is the same and / or desired. In the formula A + Bcos?, A and B are constant, so that A + B is the thickness of the sheath at the bottom of the throat 701 for cable and the angle? Is the angular distance from the bottom of the throat for the cable, measured from the center of curvature of the cross section of the throat for the cable. The constant A is greater than or equal to zero, and the constant B is always greater than zero. The thickness of the coating, which thins towards the edges, can also be defined in other ways, in addition to using the formula A + Bcosα, so that the elasticity decreases towards the edges of the throat for the cable. The elasticity in the central part of the throat for the cable can also be increased by making a groove for undercut cable and / or by adding to the lining, at the bottom of the throat for the cable, a part of different material with a special elasticity, with which the elasticity has been increased in addition to increasing the thickness of the material, by using a softer material than the rest of the coating.

Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show views in cross section of steel wire cables used in the invention. The cables, in these figures, contain thin wires 803 steel, an 802 coating on steel wires and / or partially between them, and in Fig. 8a a coating 801 on The steel wires. The cable offered in Fig. 8b is a cable of uncoated steel wires with a rubber-like padding added to its interior structure, and Fig. 8a shows a cable of steel wires provided with a coating in addition to a filler added to its internal structure. The cable shown in Fig. 8c It has a non-metallic 804 core, which can be a solid structure or fibrous made of plastic, natural fiber or some other material suitable for that purpose. A fibrous structure will be good if the cable is lubricated, in which case lubricant will accumulate in the fiber soul. The soul acts, thus, by way of storage of lubricant. Steel wire cables cross section substantially round used in the elevator of the invention may be coated, uncoated and / or provided with a filler similar to rubber such as, for example, polyurethane or some other adequate padding, added to the inner structure of the cable and that act as a lubricant to lubricate the cable and also balance the pressure between the wires and the strands. The use of a filling makes it possible to get a cable that does not need to be lubricated, so that its surface may be dry. He coating used on steel wire cables can be constituted by the same or almost the same material as that of filler or a material that is more suitable for use as coating and have properties, such as properties of wear and friction resistance, more suited to its function than a stuffing Cable coating of steel wires can be incorporated, also so that the material of the coating partially penetrates the cable or throughout the thickness of the cable, giving it the same properties as the filling mentioned above. The use of steel wire cables thin and strong according to the invention is possible because the Steel wires used are wires with a resistance special, allowing cables to be manufactured substantially  thin compared to steel wire cables previously used The cables shown in Figs. 8a and 8b they are steel wire cables with a diameter of approximately 4 mm For example, thin steel wire cables and strong of the invention preferably have a diameter of, approximately 2.5 - 5 mm in elevators for a nominal load less than 1000 kg and, preferably, about 5 - 8 mm in lifts for a nominal load exceeding 1000 kg. In In principle, it is possible to use thinner cables than these but, in that case, a large number of cables will be needed. Also increasing The suspension ratio can be used, for loads corresponding, thinner cables than those mentioned in what antecedent and, at the same time, a machine of Smaller and lighter lift.

In the elevator of the invention, if necessary, it is It is also possible to use cables with a diameter of more than 8 mm. Likewise, cables with a diameter smaller than 3 can be used mm

Figures 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 9f and 9g present some variations of the wiring arrangements of according to the invention, which can be used between the pulley of traction 907 and deflection pulley 915 to increase the angle of contact between cables 903 and traction sheave 907, in whose provisions the cables 903 come down from the machine 906 drive to elevator car and pulleys diverters These wiring arrangements make it possible to increase the contact angle between the lifting cable 903 and the pulley tensile 907. In the invention, the contact angle α is refers to the length of the contact arc between the pulley of traction and lifting cable. The magnitude of the contact angle α can be expressed, for example, in degrees, as is done in the invention, but it is also possible to express the magnitude of the angle of contact in other terms, for example, in radians or equivalent. The contact angle α is presented with greater detail in Fig. 9a. In the other figures, the contact angle α is not expressly indicated, but it can be seen in the other figures without being specifically described by separated.

The wiring arrangements shown in the Figs. 9a, 9b, 9c represent some variants of the wiring with X-turn described above. In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 9a, the cables 903 come from the deflection pulley 915, wrapping in it along the cable throats, until the traction sheave 907, around which the cables pass through their cable throats and then return to the diverter pulley 915, crossing with respect to the part of cable that comes from the deflector pulley and continuing its path. The crossing of the cables 903 between the deflection pulley 915 and the traction pulley 907 can be executed in practice, for example, by mounting the pulley diverter at an angle, with respect to the traction sheave, such that the cables intersect in a manner known per se so that the 903 cables are not damaged. In Fig. 9a, the zone shaded represents the angle of contact? between the wires 903 and traction sheave 907. The magnitude of the contact angle α in this figure is approximately 310 °. The dimension of the diameter of the deflector pulley can be used as a means to determine the suspension distance to be expected between the derailleur pulley 915 and traction sheave 907. The magnitude of the contact angle can be changed by varying the distance between the derailleur pulley 915 and the traction sheave 907. The magnitude of the contact angle α can also be changed varying the diameter of the deflector pulley and / or making vary the diameter of the traction sheave and also doing vary the relationship between the diameters of the deflection pulley and the traction sheave Figs. 9b and 9c offer an example of practical execution of a corresponding XW wiring arrangement using two deflector pulleys.

The wiring arrangement illustrated in the Figs. 9d and 9e are different variants of double-turn wiring,  aforementioned. In the wiring arrangement of Fig. 9d, the cables run through the cable throats of a deflection pulley 915 to drive pulley 907 of the drive machine 906, pass through it along the cable throats of the traction sheave From traction sheave 907, cables 903 then go back down to the 915 deflection pulley, surrounding it long throats for derailleur pulley cable and then returning to traction sheave 907, on which they run the cables through the throats for them of the traction sheave. From the traction sheave 907, the cables 903 then run towards down the throats for the derailleur pulley cable. In the wiring arrangement offered in the figure, the cables of elevation are wrapped two and / or more times around the pulley of traction. In this way, the contact angle can be increased in two and / or more stages. For example, in the case illustrated in Fig. 9d, a contact angle of 180º + 180º is achieved between the pulley of traction 907 and cable 903. In a double-turn wiring, when the derailleur pulley 915 is substantially the same size  that the traction sheave 907, the deflection sheave 915 works, also, as a damping wheel. In this case, the wires that go from the traction sheave 907 to the deflection pulleys and the cab of the elevator, go through the throats for the cable of the deflection pulley 915 and the cable deflection caused by the deflection pulley is very small. It could be said that the cables coming from the pulley traction only touch the deflector pulley tangentially. Such Tangential contact serves as a solution to dampen the vibrations of the outgoing cables and can be applied equally form, in other wiring arrangements. In this case, the pulley diverter 915 also works as a cable guide. The relationship between the diameters of the deflection pulley and the traction pulley can be varied by changing the diameters of the deflection pulley and / or traction sheave. This can be used as a means to define the magnitude of the contact angle and set it to a desired magnitude Using the DW wiring, the bending is achieved forward of cable 903, which means that, in the wiring DW, cable 903 is curved in the same direction on the pulley diverter 915 and on traction sheave 907. DW wiring it can also be implemented in other ways, such as, by example, in the manner illustrated in Fig. 9e, when the pulley diverter 915 is arranged on the side of the machine drive 906 and traction sheave 907. In this arrangement of wiring, 903 cables are passed through corresponding to that of Fig. 9d but, in this case, it is obtained a contact angle of 180º + 90º, that is, 270º. In the wiring DW, if the derailleur pulley 915 is placed on the pulley side of traction, bearings and pulley assembly are required more diverter to be exposed to greater efforts and greater loads than in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 9d.

Fig. 9f shows an embodiment of the invention in which the wiring with a single extended turn is applied as It has been mentioned above. In the wiring arrangement offered in Fig. 9f, cables 903 run towards the pulley of traction 907 of drive machine 906, wrapping in around it along the throats for pulley cable traction. From the traction sheave 907, the cables 903 then go down, crossing in relation to the cables that rise and pass to a derailleur pulley 915, passing over it through the throats to 915 diverter pulley cable. From the 915 diverter pulley, the 903 cables follow their path. In single turn wiring extended, using a deflection pulley, lifting cables they wrap around the traction sheave with a greater angle of contact that in ordinary single-turn wiring. By For example, in the case illustrated in Fig. 9f, an angle of 270º contact between cables 903 and traction sheave 907. The derailleur pulley 915 is mounted at an angle such that cables cross in a manner known per se, so that no They are damaged. Under the contact angle achieved using the extended single-turn wiring, the elevators incorporated in practice according to the invention may use a very light elevator car. A possibility of increasing the contact angle is illustrated in Fig. 9g, in which the lifting cables do not cross each other after wrap around the traction sheave and / or the deflection sheave. Using a wiring arrangement like this is also possible increase the contact angle between the lifting cables 903 and traction sheave 907 of drive machine 906 up a magnitude substantially greater than 180 °.

Figures 9a, b, c, d, e, f and g present different variations of wiring arrangements between the pulley traction and diverter pulleys or pulleys, in which the cables descend from the drive machine to the counterweight and the elevator car In the case of an elevator embodiment of according to the invention, with the machine below, these arrangements wiring can be reversed and executed in practice so corresponding, so that the cables rise from the machine elevator drive to deflector pulleys and cab of the elevator

Fig. 10 offers yet another embodiment of the invention, in which the elevator drive machine 1006 It is mounted together with a 1015 diverter pulley on the same base mounting 1021 on a prepared 1020 unit that can be mounted as such in order to be part of an elevator according to the invention. Unit 1020 contains the drive machine 1006 of the lift, traction sheave 1007 and deflection sheave 1015, already incorporated in the mounting base 1021, the pulley being traction and deflection pulley already mounted at an angle of correct operation one in relation to another, depending on the wiring arrangement used between tension pulley 1007 and the derailleur pulley 1015. The unit 1020 can comprise more than a deflector pulley 1015, or it can only comprise the machine of drive 1006 arranged in mounting base 1021. The unit can be mounted in an elevator according to the invention, as a drive machine, describing the arrangement of assembly in greater detail in relation to the previous figures. Yes it is necessary, the unit can be used together with any of the wiring arrangements described above such as, by For example, embodiments that use ESW, DW, SW or XW cabling. Assembling the unit described above as part of a elevator according to the invention, savings can be achieved considerable in installation costs and in the required time for it.

Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the elevator pulley 1113 of the elevator is mounted on a Unit 1114 prepared, which can be placed on top and / or at the bottom of the well and / or in the elevator car and in whose unit it is possible to mount several deflector pulleys. Through this unit, you get faster wiring and pulleys diverters can be arranged compactly forming a single structure in a desired place. The unit can have a number unlimited derailleur pulleys and these can be mounted on a desired angle in the unit.

Fig. 12 illustrates how they are arranged, with with respect to beam 1230, the pulley 1204 for cable used for suspend the elevator car and its structures and mounted on a horizontal beam 1230 included in the structure that supports the elevator car 1201. The cable pulley 1204 shown in the figure can have a height equal to or less than that of beam 1230 included in the structure. The 1230 beam that supports the cabin 1201 of the elevator can be placed under or above the cabin of the elevator. The cable pulley 1204 can be placed completely, or at less in part, within beam 1230, as illustrated in the figure. The passage of elevator lift cables 1203, in This figure is as follows. Lifting cables 1203 reach 1204 cable sheave, coated, mounted on beam 1230 included in the structure that supports the elevator car 1201, from where the lifting cable then runs along the cable throats of the cable pulley, protected by the beam. The elevator car 1201 rests on beam 1230, including in the structure, on 1229 vibration dampers placed between them. The 1230 beam works at the same time as protection for lift cable 1203. Beam 1230 can be a beam in C, in U, in I or in Z or a hollow beam or equivalent. The 1230 beam can support several cable pulleys mounted on it and that serve as diverter pulleys in different embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 13 shows an elevator with a counterweight traction pulley according to the invention, in which the guide rails of the elevator are arranged on one side of the elevator car. The elevator car is preferably an elevator without a machine room, with the drive machine 1304 located in the elevator shaft. The elevator shown in the figure is an elevator with a traction pulley without counterweight and with the machine room on top, in which the elevator car 1301 moves along guide rails 1302. The elevator illustrated in Fig. 13 it is an elevator with machinery of the type of "backpack" suspended laterally, in which the guide rails 1302 of the elevator car, the lifting machine 1304, the diverting pulleys, the cable compensator 1315 and the lifting cables 1303 are arranged on one side in the elevator car 1301 which, in this case, is the right side of the elevator car 1301 as viewed from the doorway towards the elevator shaft. This arrangement can also be implemented on either side of the elevator car 1301, such as, for example, in a "backpack" type solution, in the space between the rear wall of the elevator car and the elevator shaft In Fig. 3, the lifting cable compensator 1315 comprises two bodies in the form of wheels mounted on one another which, preferably, are wheels and which, in the situation illustrated in Fig. 13, are attached to the cabin 1301 of the elevator. Of the wheel-like bodies, the pulley connected to the part of the lifting cable under the elevator car, has a larger diameter than the pulley connected to the part of the lifting cable located above the elevator car. The relationship between the diameters determines the magnitude of the tension force acting on the lifting cable and, therefore, the compensation force of the elongations of the lifting cable and the measurement of the elongation of the cable compensated by the cable compensator. In this solution, the use of pulleys has the advantage that such a structure will compensate for even very large cable extensions. By varying the measurement of the diameter of the tension pulleys, it is possible to influence the magnitude of the elongation of the cable to be compensated and the relationship between the forces exerted by the cable on the traction sheave, whose relationship can be kept constant thanks to the arrangement in question. In the case of a high suspension ratio or a high lifting height, the length of the cable used in the elevator is large. In this case, it is of essential importance, for the operation and safety of the elevator, that sufficient tension be maintained in the part of the cable located under the elevator and the magnitude to be compensated for cable elongation is large. In the case of odd suspension ratios, above and below the elevator car, the compensating device 1315 is mounted together with the elevator car 1301 and, in the case of even suspension ratios, it is mounted in the elevator shaft or in some other appropriate place. In the solution, the compensating device 1315 can be incorporated in practice using two pulleys, as shown in Fig. 13, but the number of bodies as wheels may vary; for example, it is possible to use only a pulley equipped with places to be used as fixing points of the lifting cable in different diameters. It is also possible to use more than two tension pulleys if it is desirable, for example, to vary the relationship between the diameter of the pulleys by varying only the diameter of the tension pulleys. In addition, the compensating device 1315 used may consist of a different type of compensator, such as for example a lever,
a different compensating pulley application or some other appropriate compensation pulley application.

In Fig. 13, the passage of the cables Lifting is as follows: one end of the lifting cables are fixed to one of the pulleys of the compensating device 1315, which has a smaller diameter, this pulley being immovably mounted on the pulley that has a larger diameter, to whose pulley it is secured the other end of the lift cables 1303. The device 1315 compensator is mounted in the elevator car. From the compensating device 1315, lifting cables 1303 rise and find a 1314 diverter pulley mounted on the top from the well, above the elevator car, passing around she along the throats 1314 for pulley cable diverter These cable throats may be coated or no, and the coating used consists, for example, of a material that increases friction, such as polyurethane or some other suitable material for this purpose. From diverter pulleys 1314, the cables go down to a 1313 diverter pulley mounted on the elevator car and, having passed around this pulley, the cables rise again to a diverter pulley mounted on the top of the elevator shaft. Having passed around the diverter pulley 1312, the cables return to below, to a 1311 deflector pulley mounted in the cab of the lift, surround it and climb again to a 1310 deflection pulley  mounted on the top of the elevator shaft. After having surrounded this pulley, the lift cables 1303 come down again to a diverter pulley 1309 mounted in the elevator car and, after having surrounded it, the 1303 cables rise again, in tangential contact with a 1307 deflector pulley, to the pulley of traction 1305. The derailleur pulley 1307 is mounted, of Preference, near the lifting machine 1304. Wiring shown in the figure between the diverter pulley 1307 and the pulley of traction 1305 of the lifting machine 1304 is an arrangement of DW wiring (double turn), in which the lift cable 1303 runs in tangential contact with the diverter pulley 1307 towards up, to traction sheave 1305 and, after having surrounded the traction sheave 1305 returns to the derailleur pulley 1307 and, After having surrounded this pulley, the lifting cables return to traction sheave 1305. Deflector pulleys 1314, 1313, 1312, 1311, 1310, 1309, 1307 together with the machine lifting and compensating device 1315 form the suspension above the elevator car with the same suspension ratio than the suspension under the elevator car, being 7: 1 the suspension ratio in Fig. 13. From the traction sheave 1305, the cables also run in tangential contact with the pulley diverters 1307 to a 1308 diverter pulley mounted preferably at the bottom of the elevator shaft. Having passed around the derailleur pulley 1308, the cables of lift 1303 up, again, to a 1316 deflection pulley mounted in the elevator car, they pass around it and continue down until a deflector pulley 1317 in the part bottom of the elevator shaft, and after having passed around she, the cables return to a 1318 diverter pulley mounted on the elevator car Having passed around said pulley diverter 1318, lift cables 1303 go down to a pulley diverter 1319 mounted in the lower part of the elevator shaft, they pass around it and go up again to a deflector pulley 1320 in the elevator car. Having passed around a delivery tube 1320, lifting cables 1303 continue towards down to a 1321 diverter pulley mounted in the lower part of the elevator shaft, pass around it and climb back up to the compensating device 1315 mounted in the elevator car, the other end of the lifting cables being secured to the larger diameter compensating pulley. 1308 diverting pulleys, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321 and the compensating device 1315 form the suspension of lifting cables under the elevator car The 1304 lifting machine and the pulley traction 1305 of the elevator and / or deflector pulleys 1307, 1310, 1312, 1314 located at the top of the well can be mounted on the frame structure formed by guide rails 1302 or in the beam structure located at the upper end of the well of the elevator or they can be mounted separately in the well of the elevator or some other appropriate mounting arrangement. The diverting pulleys from the bottom of the elevator shaft can be mounted on the frame structure formed by the rails of guide 1302 or in a beam structure located at the bottom from the elevator shaft or can be mounted separately on the part bottom of the elevator shaft or in some other arrangement of proper assembly. The deflector pulleys of the elevator car they can be mounted on the frame structure in the cabin 1301 of the elevator or in one or more beam structures included in the elevator car or they can be mounted separately in the elevator car or some other mounting arrangement appropriate.

A preferred embodiment of the elevator of the invention consists of an elevator with the machine located above, without machine room, whose drive machine comprises a traction sheave coated and using thin cables substantially round cross section elevation. The angle contact between elevator lift cables and pulley of traction is greater than 180º. The elevator comprises a unit that includes a mounting base with a drive machine, a traction pulley and a deflection pulley, mounted on it, being said deflector pulley mounted at a correct angle in relation to the traction sheave The unit is secured to the rails of elevator guide The elevator is executed in practice without counterweight, with a suspension ratio of 9: 1 so that elevator cables run in the space between one of the walls of the elevator car and the wall of the well of the elevator.

Another preferred embodiment of the elevator of the invention consists of a lift without counterweight with a relationship of 10: 1 suspension above and below the cab of the elevator. This embodiment is carried out using cables usual lifting, preferably with a diameter of 8 mm and a traction sheave made of cast iron, at least in the area of the throats for cable. The traction sheave has throats for undercut cable and its contact angle with the traction sheave is has established by means of a deflector pulley to be of 180º or greater. When usual 8 mm cables are used, the diameter of the traction sheave is preferably 340 mm. Pulleys diverters used are large pulleys for cable which, in the case of usual 8 mm lifting cables, have a diameter of 320, 330, 340 mm or even larger.

It is obvious, to a person skilled in the art, that the different embodiments of the invention are not limited to Examples described above, but can be introduced variations within the scope of the following claims. For example, the number of times the lifting cables are passed between the top of the elevator shaft and the this cabin and between the diverting pulleys of the lower part and the elevator car is not a very decisive issue in what regards the basic advantages of the invention, although it is possible get some additional advantages using multiple steps for the cables In general, applications are brought to the practice so that the cables go to the elevator car from above as many times as from below, being therefore equal the suspension ratios of the diverting pulleys towards  above and those of the deflector pulleys down. It is also Obviously the lifting cables do not have to be made pass, necessarily under the cabin. According to the examples described above, the expert may vary the performance of the invention, while traction pulleys and pulleys for cable, instead of being coated metal pulleys can be, also, uncoated metal pulleys or uncoated pulleys made of some other suitable material for this purpose.

In addition, for the person skilled in the art, it is Obviously, cable pulleys and traction pulleys Metals used in the invention, which are coated with a non-metallic material at least in the area of their throats, they can incorporated into practice using a coating material consisting of, for example, rubber, polyurethane or any other suitable material for that purpose.

It is also evident to the expert in technique that the elevator car and the machine unit thereof can be arranged outside the cross section of the well of the elevator, differently from the scheme described in the examples. Such a different scheme could be, for example, one in which the machine was located behind the cabin, looking from the hole in the well door and the cables passed under the cabin diagonally in relation to its background. Cable run under the cab in a diagonal direction or in another direction oblique in relation to the shape of the fund, it is advantageous when the cab suspension on cables must be symmetrical with with respect to the center of gravity of the elevator, also in other types of suspension scheme.

It is also evident to an expert in technique, that the equipment required for power supply to the engine and the equipment necessary for elevator control, can be available anywhere they are not connected with the machine unit, for example in an instrument panel separated. It is also possible to arrange necessary pieces of equipment for control in separate units that can then be arranged in different places of the elevator shaft and / or other parts of the building. It is equally evident to a person skilled in the art that an elevator that incorporates the invention can be equipped in the form different from the example described above. It is also obvious to an expert that suspension solutions agree  with the invention, they can also be implemented using, as lifting cables, almost any kind of means of flexible lifting, for example flexible cable with one or more strands, flat belts, toothed belts, trapezoidal belts or Some other type of belt applicable for this purpose.

It is also evident to an expert that, in instead of using cables with a padding as illustrated in Fig. 5a and in Fig. 5b, the invention can be practiced using unfilled cables, either lubricated or un lubricated. In addition, it is also apparent to the person skilled in the art that Cables can be twisted in very different ways.

It is also evident to an expert that the average of the wire thicknesses can be understood as referring to a statistical, geometric or arithmetic mean value. To determine a statistical mean, the standard deviation or the Gaussian distribution. In addition, it is clear that the thicknesses of Cable wire may vary, for example, even by a factor of 3 or more.

It is also evident to an expert in technique that the elevator of the invention can be implemented using different wiring arrangements to increase the contact angle α between the traction sheave and the one or more diverting pulleys in relation to those described in the examples. By For example, it is possible to arrange the diverter pulley (s), the pulley traction and lifting cables differently than in wiring arrangements described in the examples. It is also evident to a person skilled in the art who, in the elevator of the This invention may also be provided with a counterweight, in which case, for example, the counterweight preferably has a weight lower than the cabin and is suspended by a independent wiring

Claims (21)

1. Lift without counterweight and, preferably, elevator without machine room, in which lift a lifting machine (10) is applied with a set of lifting cables (3) by means of a traction sheave (11), and a elevator car (1) that is supported, at least partially, by said lifting cables, which serve as means for moving the elevator car (1), characterized in that the elevator car is suspended from the lifting cables (3) by means of at least one deflection pulley (13,14) from whose tire, the lifting cables rise from both sides, and at least one diverting pulley (7,5) from whose tire the lifting cables descend from both sides of the deflection pulley, and in whose elevator there are guide rails (2) on one side of the cabin (1) of the elevator. 2. Elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the lifting cables is substantially immovable, with respect to the elevator car, so that it can move with the elevator car. 3. Elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one end of the lifting cables is substantially immovable, with respect to the elevator shaft. 4. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two diverting pulleys from which the lifting cables rise and at least two diverting pulleys from which the lifting cables descend. 5. Elevator according to claim 4, characterized in that both the number of diverting pulleys from which the lifting cables rise and the number of diverting pulleys from which the lifting cables descend are 3, 4 or 5. 6. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both ends of the lifting cables are held, substantially immovable, with respect to the elevator shaft, for example by means of a spring. 7. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both ends of the lifting cables are substantially immovable, with respect to the elevator car, for example by means of a spring, for the purpose of be able to move with the elevator car. 8. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflector pulleys of the elevator car are arranged on one side of the elevator car. 9. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting machine, the lifting cables and the diverting pulleys, are arranged on one side of the elevator car. 10. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the continuous contact angle between the traction sheave and the lifting cables is at least 180 °. 11. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the continuous contact angle between the traction sheave and the lifting cables is greater than 180 °. 12. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiring used between the traction sheave and a cable sheave serving as a deflection sheave is an ESW wiring. 13. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiring used between the traction sheave and a cable sheave serving as a deflection sheave is a DW wiring. 14. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wiring used between the traction sheave and a cable sheave serving as a deflection sheave is an XW wiring. 15. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting cables used are high resistance lifting cables. 16. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strength of the steel wires of the lifting cables is greater than about 2300 N / mm2 and less than about 2700 N / mm2 } 17. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the steel wires of the lifting cables is greater than about 0.015 mm2 and less than about 0.2 mm ^ {2}, and because the strength of the steel wires of the lifting cables is greater than about 2000 N / mm2. 18. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameters of the lifting cables are less than 8 mm, preferably between 3-5 mm. 19. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting machine is particularly light in relation to the load. 20. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction sheave is coated with polyurethane, rubber or any other friction material suitable for this purpose. 21. Elevator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction sheave is made of cast iron, at least in the area of the throats for the cables and these are preferably undercut.