ES2277940T3 - WHITENING COVERED ACTIVATORS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to improve the stability in storage of bleach activators of the quaternized amino alkyl nitrile type. To this end, the invention provides that a particle containing these bleach activators is enclosed in the most complete possible manner by an enclosing material.

Description

Whitening coated activators.

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The present invention relates to activators whitening coatings of the aminoalkyl nitrile type Quaternaries

Washing agents or detergents contain usually in addition to the essential ingredients for the washing process such as surfactants (surfactants) and construction materials other components that can be summarized under the concept of detergent auxiliaries and covering those different groups of active substances such as regulators of foam, crushing inhibitors, bleaching agents and color transition inhibitors To auxiliary substances of this type also belong substances that support the performance of surfactants by oxidative decomposition of dirt that is found in the textile or that found in the liquid of washed. The same applies in that sense also to agents of hard surface cleaning. They have been used for a long time inorganic peroxygen compounds, particularly peroxide of hydrogen and solid peroxygen compounds, which dissolve in water and release hydrogen peroxide, such as sodium perborate and sodium carbonate perhydrate, as agents of oxidation for disinfection and bleaching purposes. He oxidation effect of these substances in dilute solutions strongly depends on the temperature; that way a fast enough bleaching of dirty textiles with H2O2 or perborate, for example, only at a temperature per above 60 ° C in an alkaline washing liquid. At more temperatures low, the oxidation effect of inorganic compounds of peroxygen can be improved by adding so-called whitening activators for which they have been made known numerous proposals in the literature, first of all the substance class of compounds N- u O-acyl, for example acylated alkylidenoamines several times, particularly tetraacetylethylenediamine, acylated glycolurils, particularly tetraacetylglycoluril, N-acylated hydantoin, hydrazide, triazole, hydrotriazine, urazole, diketopiperazine, sulfurylamide and cyanurate, in addition to carboxylic acid anhydrides, particularly phthalic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid ester, particularly nonanoyloxy benzolsulfonate of sodium, sodium isononanoyloxy-benzolsulfonat and acylated sugar derivatives, such as pentaacetylglucose. Adding these substances, the bleaching effect of liquids aqueous peroxide can be increased to such an extent that obtain substantially the same effects at temperatures by below 60 ° C like those obtained with peroxide liquid only at 95 ° C.

The international patent application WO 99/14296 refers to coated granules containing ammonionitriles and are obtained by coating the well called basic nitrile ammonium granulate with a substance of coating. The production of the basic granulate is carried out by mixing medium of dry ammonium nitrile with an agent Dry granulation auxiliary, pressing this mixture up larger agglomerates and the crushing of these agglomerates to the desired grain size.

From European patent application EP 0 464 880 cationic nitriles that reinforce bleaching are known, of the general formula R'R''R '' 'N + - CR_ {1} R2_CN X -, in which R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen or a substituent with at least one C atom, R 'is an alkyl group, C 1-24 alkenyl or alkyl ether or a group CR_ {R2} -CN, and R '' as much as R '' 'each is a C 1-24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group and the X - counterion is an organic sulphonate, an organic sulfate or a carboxylate.

From the international patent application WO 98/23719 it is known that the compounds of the general formula

R 1 R 2 R 3 N + CH 2 CN \ hskip0,3cm X -,

wherein R 1, R 2 and R 3 independently of each other they are an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl with 1 to 18 C atoms, and the groups R2 and R3 they can also be in part of heterocycles that include an atom of N and eventually other heteroatoms, and X is an anion that balances the load, can be used particularly as activators for inorganic peroxygen compounds in aqueous solutions of dish cleaning That way you get an improvement in oxidation and whitening effect particularly of inorganic peroxygen compounds at lower temperatures of 80ºC, particularly in the temperature range of about 15ºC up to 55 ° C. The cationic nitriles are nonetheless particularly in combination with other ingredients of washing and cleaning agents normally not very stable to storage and particularly sensitive to moisture. The present invention with which can solve this problem, refers to particles with activator whitening of the general formula (I),

\melm{\delm{\para}{R ^{3} }}{N}{\uelm{\para}{R ^{1} }}

^{(+)} --- (CR^{4}R^{5}) --- CN

\hskip0.5cm

X^{(-)}(I) R2 ---

 \ melm {\ delm {\ para} {R 3}} {N} {\ uelm {\ para} {R 1}}} 

(+)} --- (CR 4 R 5) --- CN

 \ hskip0.5cm 

X <(-)}

wherein R 1 represents -H, -CH 3, a C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical - substituted with at least one substituent of the group Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, an alkyl or alkenyl radical with a C 1-24 alkyl group, or an alkyl or alkenyl radical substituted with a C_ alkyl group 1-24 and at least one other substituent on the aromatic ring, R2 and R3 independently of each other are selected from -CH2 -CN, -CH3, -CH_ { 2} -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH (CH 3) - CH 3, -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 } -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH_ {3}, -CH (OH) -CH 2 CH 3, - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H with n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, R 4 and R 5 independently of each other have a previously indicated meaning for R 1, R 2 or R 3 and X is an anion that balances the charge, which can be obtained according to the method that will be described later and that are coated with a material d e coating
as fully as possible and have an average particle diameter in the range from 0.2 mm to 3.0 mm.

The preparation of compounds according to formula I it can be done according to known methods or by imitating them, as per example those disclosed in the literature mentioned or of Abraham in Progr. Phis Org. Chem. 11 (1974), page 1 and following, or of Arnett in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102 (1980), page 5892 and following.

The use of compounds according to formula I is preferred, wherein R 1, R 2 and R 3 are the same. Among these, such compounds in which the mentioned radicals mean methyl groups are preferred. On the other hand, compounds are also preferred in which at least 1 or 2 of the mentioned radicals are methyl groups and the others have several C atoms. To the X - anions belong particularly halides such as chloride, fluoride, iodide and bromide, hydroxide, acids and polymers, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal sulphates, alkali metal hydrosulfate, alkali metal hydrocarbonates, alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal dihydrophosphates, alkali metal dihydrophosphates and alkali metal silicates and their mixtures Such vehicles or support materials whose interior surfaces are in the range of 10 m 2 / g up to 500 m 2 / g, particularly 100 m 2 / g up to 450 m 2, are preferably used. } / g. To silicate materials that serve as support or vehicle that are particularly suitable in the context of the present invention belong both alkali metal silicates and also silicic acids, gels and silicon clays, as well as mixtures thereof. The support material is however preferably free of zeolites. In addition to silicate components, the support material containing silicates also contains other inert components in the form of particles, which do not impair the stability of the compounds according to formula I in an unacceptable way. Silicon acids that are prepared according to a thermal process (flame hydrolysis of SiCl4) (called pyrogenic silicic acids) are as suitable as silicic acids produced by wet methods. Silica gels with colloidal silicic acids with consistency from elastic to solid and a substantially loose pore structure that provides them with a great capacity to absorb liquids. They can be produced by the action of mineral acids on glass. Clays occur naturally as crystalline or amorphous silicates of aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium, for example kaolin, talc, pyrophyllite, attapulgite, sepiolite, montmorillonite and bauxite. Aluminum silicates can also be used as a support material or as a component of a mixture of materials
of support. The support material preferably has particle sizes in the range of 100 µm to 1.5 mm.

The coating materials must be chemically as inert as possible against the activator of whitening, that is the decomposition rates must be as minimal as possible for the particles to be used according to the invention containing the bleaching activator according to the formula (I), which are stored for more than 4 months. In addition, the coating materials must be soluble in water or in aqueous solutions quickly enough so that the granules as components of detergents for washing and cleaning when used in their respective aqueous wash solutions or cleaning release the bleach activator at a desired point of time. In addition, it is shown when using the coated particles of corresponding way in textile detergents with often a high impediment to damage to the colors of the textiles washed with them that when using the pure substance according to the formula (I).

As coating materials in the sense of this invention are particularly suitable salts inorganic as alkali metal sulfates, metal chlorides alkaline, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal phosphates and alkali metal phosphonates, alkaline earth metal sulfates and alkaline earth metal silicates, paraffin waxes, compounds water soluble polymers based on saccharides, such as starches or starch or cellulose derivatives, polymeric alcohols, such as for example polyvinyl alcohols and polyethylene glycols, homo- and co-polymeric polycarboxylates, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids and possibly oligo- or alcohols Polymers, non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, acids hydroxycarboxylic acids such as glycolic acid or citric acid, and / or fatty acids.

In the inorganic salts mentioned sodium is the preferred alkali ion and magnesium the alkaline earth ion favorite.

Paraffinic wax generally represents a complex mixture of substances without an acute function point. For characterization normally determines its melting range by Differential-Thermo-Analyze (thermo-differential analysis, DTA by its acronym in English), as described in "The Analyst" 87 (1962), 420, and / or its solidification point. It is understood by this the temperature to which the molten material passes from the liquid to the solid state by slow cooling. Preferably waxes are used that solidify in the range of 20ºC to 70ºC. It should be noted that also at room temperature the paraffin wax mixtures that manifest as solids may contain various portions of liquid paraffin In particularly useful paraffin waxes according to the invention the largest possible liquid portion is it is at 40ºC, without reaching 100% at this temperature. Mixes of particularly preferred paraffinic wax present at 40 ° C liquid portion of at least 50% by weight, particularly 55% in weight up to 80% by weight, and at 60 ° C a liquid portion of at least 90% in weigh. In addition, it should be noted that paraffins contain volatile portions in the least possible. Paraffin waxes Preferred contain evaporable portions of less than 1% by weight, particularly less than 0.5% by weight at 110 ° C and normal pressure. According to the invention, particularly useful paraffin waxes can purchased for example under the commercial names Lunaflex® from Fuller and Deawax® from DEA Mineralöl AG.

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As useful coating materials Water soluble, starch or cellulose derivatives include particularly starch ethers and cellulose ethers. Examples for cellulose ether are methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, which normally They are used as a sodium salt. As starches they are taken in Consider depolymerized starches. Suitable ethers with for example carboxymethyl starches, hydroxyethyl starches and methylamidones. As particularly suitable, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. With particular advantage gelatin has also been used as a coating material.

Poly alcohols are not affordable by direct polymerization methods, since the monomer Basis for this, vinyl alcohol does not exist. Alcohols polyvinyls are therefore produced by analogous reactions to the polymers by hydrolysis, technically in particular by alkaline catalyzed transesterification of acetates polyvinyl alcohols (eg, ethanol) in solution. According the invention preferably used polyvinyl alcohols that they are offered commercially as white powders yellowish or granules have molar masses in the range of 3000 g / mol up to 320000 g / mol, particularly 8000 g / mol up to 200000 g / mol (corresponding to degrees of polymerization of about 75-8000, particularly about 200 to 5000). They preferably have degrees of hydrolysis of 20% by weight up to 100% by weight, particularly from 30% by weight to 90% by weight. Expressed in another way, these are alcohol esters fully or partially saponified polyvinyl, particularly polyvinyl acetates with a residual content of acyl groups, particularly acetyl groups, up to about 80% by weight, particularly from 10% by weight to 70% by weight. Alcohols polyvinyl can be characterized in more detail by the indication of the degree of polymerization of the starting polymers, of the degree of hydrolyzing, the number of saponification or the viscosity of the solution. The conversion temperatures of the polyvinyl alcohols depend on the content of acetyl groups, of the distribution of acetyl groups along the chain and of the tacticity of the polymers. Poly alcohols fully saponified have a transition temperature of 85 ° C glass, and the value for partially saponified products (87-89%) with about 58 ° C is clearly below. The polyvinyl alcohols that normally have a density of about 1.2-1.3 g / cm3, depending on the degree of hydrolysis they are normally soluble in water and organic solvents strongly polar, such as formamide, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, and are not attacked by (chlorine) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils. Alcohols polyvinyl are classified as toxicologically acceptable and are biodegradable Other coating materials are glycols of polyethylene having, for example, a relative molecular mass of between 10,000 and 20,000. It is also possible to use homo- and carboxylates copolymers such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those containing about 50% by weight up to 10% by weight of maleic acid. The relative molecular mass of these homopolymers are generally between 1,000 and 100,000, that of the copolymers is between 2,000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 up to 120,000, based on free acid. A copolymer Particularly preferred acrylic acid - maleic acid has a relative molecular mass of 50,000 to 100,000. Other Suitable components of this class are acid copolymers acrylic or methacrylic acid with vinyl esters, such as methyl vinyl ethers, in which the proportion of acid is preferably at least 50% by weight.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is given by the use of so-called molecules or compounds guests, which, due to their structure or arrangement, may protect whitening activators that are capable of coat or wrap molecules like those of activators of whitening optionally inside. A compound cage Preferred is cyclodextrin. The bleaching activator of according to formula (I) and cyclodextrin are used particularly advantageously in a molar ratio of from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

Among the polyesters used as materials of Coating is given preference to those who impart properties dirt repellents to the fibers of the laundry and, if they are present during the washing operation, they help the ability to release dirt from other detergent components. These are referred to as active substances for the release of dirt or, due to its ability to give the treated surface of the  Fibers a dirt repellent property, like dirt repellents. The same effect can be observed when used in cleaners. for hard surfaces. Due to its chemical similarity with the fibers Polyester, the active substances of release of dirt particularly effective and therefore preferred that they can without however also exhibit the desired effect with fabrics or surfaces made of another material, are the copolyesters that contain dicarbxylic acid units, alkylene glycol units and polyalkylene glycol units. Release copolyesters of grime of this type and also its use in detergents has known for a long time. Thus, for example the publication German DT 16 17 141 describes a washing process using copolymers of polyethylene terephthalate - glycol polyoxyethylene German publication DT 22 00 911 refers to detergents comprising non-ionic surfactant and a copolymer of polyoxyethylene glycol and polyethylene terephthalate. The German publication DT 22 53 063 mentions acid finishing agents for textiles comprising a copolymer of an acid dibasic dicarboxylic and an alkylene or polyglycol of cycloalkylene and optionally an alkylene glycol or of cycloalkylene. Polymers of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate in which the units of polyethylene glycol have molecular weights from 750 to 5,000 and the molar ratio between ethylene terephthalate and terephthalate of polyethylene oxide is from 50:50 to 90:10, and its use in Detergents are described in the German patent specification DE 28 57 292. Polymers with a molecular weight of 15,000 to 50 000 ethylene terephthalate and oxide oxide terephthalate polyethylene, where polyethylene glycol units have weights molecular from 1,000 to 10,000 and the molar ratio between ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate is 2: 1 to 6: 1, may, according to the patent publication German DE 33 24 258, used in detergents. European patent EP 066 944 refers to textile processing agents that comprise a copolyester of ethylene glycol, glycol polyethylene, aromatic dicarboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid sulfonated aromatic in certain molar proportions. The patent European EP 0 185 427 discloses closed-end polyesters with methyl or ethyl groups, which contain ethylene terephthalate and / or propylene terephthalate and oxide oxide terephthalate units polyethylene and detergents comprising such release polymer of dirt. European patent EP 0 241 984 refers to a polyester which, in addition to oxyethylene groups and acid units terephthalic, also contains substituted ethylene units and glycerin units European patent EP 0 241 985 discloses polyesters that, in addition to oxyethylene and acid units terephthalic, comprise 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene and / or groups of 3-methoxy-1,2-propylene as well as glycerin units and are closed with alkyl groups of C_ {1} to C_ {4}. European patent specification EP 0 253 567 refers to dirt release polymers with a mass molar from 900 to 9 000 of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate, where glycol units polyethylene have molecular weights from 300 to 3,000 and the molar ratio between ethylene terephthalate and terephthalate of Polyethylene oxide is 0.6 to 0.95. The European request for EP 0 272 033 discloses polyesters with terephthalate units  of polypropylene that are closed at the ends at least in part with C 1-4 alkyl or acyl radicals. European patent EP 0 274 907 describes closed polyesters in the ends with sulfoethyl, which contain terephthalate and are of release of dirt. In European patent application EP 0 357 280 Polyester release polyesters with terephthalate units, alkylene glycol and polyglycol units of C 2-4 are produced by sulfonation of unsaturated extreme groups. The international patent application WO 95/32232 refers to soil release polyesters of the General Formula

(II) X- (O- (CHR -) a) b [O-OC-Ph-CO- (O- (CHR -) o) p] and } OY

in the which

a is a number from 2 to 8,

b is a number from 1 to 300,

or is a number from 2 to 8,

p is a number from 1 to 300 and

and is a number from 1 to 500,

Ph is a radical o-, m- o p-phenyl that can carry 1 to 4 substituents, selected from alkyl radicals having 1 to 22 atoms of carbon, sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic groups and mixtures of the same,

R are selected from hydrogen a radical of alkyl having 1 to 22 C atoms, and mixtures of the themselves, and

X and Y independently of each other select from hydrogen, alkyl and acid radicals arylomonocarboxylic acid with 5 to 32 carbon atoms, radicals of monocarboxylic hydroxy acid having 2 to 22 atoms of carbon and an oligomerization degree from 1 to 100, and radicals semi-esters of dicarboxylic acid whose second group of acid carboxylic is esterified with an alcohol A- (OCHZCH2) d -OH, in which A is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 8 to 22 atoms of carbon, Z is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 2 atoms of carbon and d is a number from 1 to 40, with the proviso that X and Y are not hydrogen at the same time, if R is hydrogen or a alkyl radical with 1 carbon atom, a and / or o is 2 and b and / or p is one.

It is also possible to use, as coating materials, non-ionic surfactants that understood to mean, in particular, polyalkoxylates of solid fatty alcohols at room temperature, and surfactants anionic, in particular alkylbenzenesulfonates of C 9 -C 13, sulfates of fatty alcohols of C 12 -C 18 as well as fatty acids of C 12 -C 18 and its salts, and mixtures thereof, where anionic surfactants are usually in form of alkali metal salts, in particular sodium salts.

The particles according to the invention have a bleach activator content according to the formula (I) of preferably at least 40% by weight and particularly from 50% by weight to 92% by weight; The material of coating is present in the granules in amounts of up to 60% by weight, particularly from 3% by weight up to 50% by weight and with special advantage of 10% by weight up to 25% by weight, with respect to the sum of the bleaching activator and the material of coating.

As a result of the production, the granules may contain small amounts of unbound free water as water of crystallization or in a comparable way. These should be what as low as possible, the amounts that can normally be tolerated are up to 5% by weight. However, the granules preferably they contain from 0 to 3% by weight of water.

The invention further provides a method for produce granules containing bleaching activator coated or wrapped according to formula (I) by spray bleach activator according to formula (I) present in solid form, particularly in powder form, if desired in admixture with a binder and / or solid filler or in the form of a pre-produced granules, with a coating material or of wrap that is liquid or heat liquefied, where the material to Coating or wrapping is preferably kept in movement, for example being in a fluidized bed, a mixer or a granulator In the case of the latter, it is possible, particularly when binders are present or when the Coating material also has binding properties, adjust the desired particle size or size distribution of particle of the resulting coated particles in a manner more simple essentially for the duration of mixing or granulation. Organic coating materials or also inorganic such as the mentioned alkali metal salts or alkaline earth, particularly when they are solid at temperature environment, they can also be applied in this way if they become in advance in a solution or at least in a grout that can be pump or spray, where water is the preferred solvent or agent of the slurry, and if the solvent or the slurry agent is desired can then, at least partially, withdraw back to continuation of the coating operation by a step of dried The drying step can also, particularly when the lining is carried out in a bed fluidized with air introduced at temperatures of preferably 25 ° C to 80 ° C and particularly 45 ° C to 75 ° C, be carried out at the same time as the coating operation.

Another embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in introducing the bleaching activator of according to formula (I) in the liquefied coating material by heating, cooling the resulting mixture to less than melting point or softening point of the material of coating and during this or then turn it into granules in a manner known in principle, by conversion into  pellets, pellets, by extrusion or, if desired, grinding. The preferred coating materials in this process are the waxes mentioned above, polyesters and acids fatty, in particular stearic acid.

If the coated granules have a tendency excessive to adhere, can undergo a post-treatment with customary dust agents, for example silica or zeolites finely divided.

Coated particles according to the invention or the coated particles produced by the method of according to the invention preferably have an average diameter of particle in the range of 0.2 mm to 3 mm, particularly 0.4 mm up to 1.8 mm. They are stable when stored for long periods of time, in particular against the hydrolysis of the activator of whitening according to formula (I) and are used particularly in detergents and particulate cleaners, preferably in such quantities that the content of these compositions are from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, particularly from 0.2% by weight to 7% by weight of the bleaching activator according to the formula (I).

Claims (14)

1. Method for producing coated particles containing bleach activator according to the formula (I) (I) R2 ---

 \ melm {\ delm {\ para} {R 3}} {N} {\ uelm {\ para} {R 1}}} 

(+)} --- (CR 4 R 5) --- CN

 \ hskip0.5cm 

X <(-)} where R 1 is -H, -CH 3, a C2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a alkyl or alkenyl substituted radical of C_ {2-24} having at least one substituent of the group -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH2, -CN, an alkyl radical or alkenylaryl with a C 1-24 alkyl group, or it is an alkyl or alkenylaryl substituted radical with a group C 1-24 alkyl and at least one other substituent in the aromatic ring, R2 and R3, independently of the from each other are selected from -CH_ {2} -CN, -CH_ {3}, -CH_ {2} -CH_ {3}, -CH_ {2} -CH_ {2} -CH_ {3}, -CH (CH 3) - CH 3, -CH2 -OH, -CH2 -CH2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3, -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 3, -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3, - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, R 4 and R 5, independently of each other, they have a given above meaning given for R1, R2 or R3, and X is a charge balancing anion, sprinkling the bleaching activator according to formula (I) present in solid form, particularly as a powder, if desired in a mixture with binder and / or solid filler, with an organic material of coating that is liquid or liquid when heated, where the material to be coated is, in particular, maintained in movement. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is carried out in a fluidized bed, a mixer or granulator. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating material is selected from inorganic salts such as alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal chlorides, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal phosphonates , alkaline earth metal sulfates and alkaline earth metal silicates, paraffinic waxes, water-soluble polymeric compounds based on saccharides, such as starch or starch derivatives, polymeric alcohols, such as polyvinyl alcohols and plyethylene glycols, homo- and co-polycarboxylates polymers, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids and optionally oligo- and polymeric alcohols, non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as glycolic acid and citric acid and / or fatty acids. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coating material is converted in advance into a solution or at least a slurry that can be pumped and sprayed and, if desired, the solvent or agent of Grout is removed at least partially again or following the coating operation by a drying step. 5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bleaching activator according to formula (I) is introduced into the liquefied coating material upon heating, the resulting mixture is cooled to below the melting point or the point of softening of the coating material and, during this or at a later stage, it becomes granules in a manner known in principle. 6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the coating material is wax, polyester or fatty acid, in particular stearic acid. 7. Particle containing the activator of whitening of the general formula (I), (I) R2 ---

 \ melm {\ delm {\ para} {R 3}} {N} {\ uelm {\ para} {R 1}}} 

(+)} --- (CR 4 R 5) --- CN

 \ hskip0.5cm 

X <(-)} wherein R 1 is -H, -CH 3, a C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a C 2-24 substituted alkyl or alkenyl radical having at least one substituent of the group of -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH 2, -CN, an alkyl or alkenyl radical with a C 1-24 alkyl group, or is an alkyl or alkenyl radical substituted with a C 1-24 alkyl group and at least one other substituent on the aromatic ring, R2 and R3, independently of each other, are selected from -CH2 -CN, -CH_ { 3}, -CH_ {-} -CH_ {3}, -CH_ {2} -CH_ {-} {CH3}, -CH (CH_ {3}) –CH_ {3}, -CH_ {2} - OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 - CH (OH) -CH 3, -CH (OH) -CH 2 -CH 3, - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) n H where n = 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5 or 6, R 4 and R 5, independently of each other, have a given above meaning given for R 1, R 2 or R 3 }, and X is a charge balance anion, which is obtainable by the method according to one of claims 1 to 6 and is wrapped as completely as possible with the coating material and has an average particle diameter in the range of 0.2 mm to
3 mm 8. Particle according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises at least 40% by weight and in particular from 50% by weight to 92% by weight of bleaching activates according to formula (I) and coating material in quantities from up to 60% by weight, in particular from 8% by weight to 50% by weight and particularly advantageously from 10% by weight to 25% by weight, based on the sum of bleach activator and coating material. 9. Particle according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, in the compound according to formula I, R 1, R 2 and R 3 are identical. 10. Particle according to claim 9, characterized in that, in the compound according to formula I, R 1, R 2 and R 3 are methyl groups. 11. Particle according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that, in the compound according to formula I, between the radicals R 1, R 2 and R 3, at minus 1 or 2 of said radicals are methyl groups and the others have two or more carbon atoms. 12. Particle according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that, in the compound according to formula I, the X - anion is a halide such as chloride, fluoride, iodide and bromide, it is a nitrate , hydroxide, phosphate, hydrophosphate, dihydrophosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, hexafluorophosphate, carbonate, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, hydrosulfate, C 1-20 alkylsulfate, C 1-20 alkylsulphonate, optionally substituted C 1 alkyl -18}, chlorate, perchlorate and / or an anion of C 1-24 carboxylic acids, such as formate, acetate, laurate, benzoate or citrate, alone or in any desired mixtures. 13. Particle according to claim 12, characterized in that, in the compound according to formula I, the X - anion is chloride, sulfate, hydrosulfate, ethosulfate, C 12/18 alkyl sulfate, C_ {12/16} or C 13/15, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, cumenesulfonate, xylenesulfonate or methosulfate or mixtures thereof. 14. Use of the particles according to one of claims 7 to 13 for the production of, in in particular, detergents and particulate cleaners.