ES2272138B1 - QUICK METHOD TO QUANTIFY THE AROMA PRECURSORS IN SCREENED VINTAGE, MUSTS AND WINES OF DIFFERENT GRAPE VARIETIES. - Google Patents

QUICK METHOD TO QUANTIFY THE AROMA PRECURSORS IN SCREENED VINTAGE, MUSTS AND WINES OF DIFFERENT GRAPE VARIETIES. Download PDF

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ES2272138B1
ES2272138B1 ES200403010A ES200403010A ES2272138B1 ES 2272138 B1 ES2272138 B1 ES 2272138B1 ES 200403010 A ES200403010 A ES 200403010A ES 200403010 A ES200403010 A ES 200403010A ES 2272138 B1 ES2272138 B1 ES 2272138B1
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precursors
musts
vintage
wines
glycosides
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Maria Arevalo Villena
Juan Francisco Ubeda Iranzo
Ana Isabel Briones Perez
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Universidad de Castilla La Mancha
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/48Sorbent materials therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02Food
    • G01N33/14Beverages

Abstract

Método rápido y sencillo para aplicar en bodegas o laboratorios de análisis, con diferentes finalidades para conocer el potencial aromático de un mosto antes y después de macerarlo con hollejos, la evolución de los precursores a lo largo del procesado o la concentración de los mismos en el vino antes o después del tratamiento con enzimas específicas para la liberación de aromas. Los terpenil-b-D-glucósidos (precursores del aroma) se retienen en columnas C18 en fase reversa dependiendo de su polaridad, lo que permite su aislamiento y posterior cuantificación por hidrólisis ácida, al liberar los terpenos dejando libre en el medio la aglicona y la glucosa en proporción equimolar, lo que permite por estequiometría calcular la cantidad de precursores del aroma que teníamos en el sustrato inicial, en función de la glucosa liberada.Quick and simple method to apply in warehouses or laboratories of analysis, with different purposes to know the aromatic potential of a must before and after macerating it with skins, the evolution of the precursors throughout the processing or the concentration of the same in the It came before or after treatment with specific enzymes for the release of aromas. Terpenyl-bD-glycosides (aroma precursors) are retained in C18 columns in reverse phase depending on their polarity, which allows their isolation and subsequent quantification by acid hydrolysis, by releasing the terpenes leaving aglycone and glucose free in the middle in equimolar proportion, which allows stoichiometry to calculate the amount of aroma precursors that we had in the initial substrate, based on the glucose released.

Description

Método rápido para cuantificar los precursores del aroma en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de distintas variedades de uva.Quick method to quantify precursors of the squeezed vintage aroma, musts and wines of different grape varieties

a) Método rápido para cuantificar los precursores del aroma en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos: su puesta a punto y aplicación.a) Quick method to quantify the precursors of squeezed vintage aroma, musts and wines: their tuning and application.

b) Sectores de la técnicab) Sectors of the technique

Técnicas de Química. Biotecnología aplicada en Enología.Chemistry Techniques Biotechnology applied in Oenology.

c) Estado de la técnica y explicación de la invenciónc) State of the art and explanation of the invention

En los últimos años se ha prestado atención al papel de los metabolitos secundarios precursores del aroma en distintas frutas (Gunata et al., 1988, Arrhenius, et al., 1996, Hernández Gómez et al., 2002, Arévalo Villena, 2003, Cordero et al., 2003, Fernández González et al., 2003). Este interés ha hecho que se desarrollen métodos para la cuantificación de los terpenos glicosilados en uvas y vinos que no sean tan laboriosos como los ya existentes.In recent years attention has been paid to the role of secondary precursor aroma metabolites in different fruits (Gunata et al ., 1988, Arrhenius, et al ., 1996, Hernández Gómez et al ., 2002, Arévalo Villena, 2003, Cordero et al ., 2003, Fernández González et al ., 2003). This interest has led to the development of methods for the quantification of glycosylated terpenes in grapes and wines that are not as laborious as those already existing.

A nivel enológico es interesante conocer la concentración de estas moléculas considerándolas un parámetro de calidad en aquellas variedades blancas destinadas a la elaboración de vinos jóvenes afrutados.At the oenological level it is interesting to know the concentration of these molecules considering them a parameter of quality in those white varieties intended for processing of young fruity wines.

Un análisis detallado de los glicósidos precursores del aroma muestra que no se encuentran en todas las variedades y cuando aparecen, no lo hacen en las mismas concentraciones (Razungles, et al., 1993, Reyero et al., 2000). En cuanto a su localización, dos terceras partes se encuentran en el zumo y el otro tercio en el hollejo lo que permite su casi total extracción con un simple prensado, a diferencia de los terpenos libres o los antocianos que se hallan prácticamente en los hollejos, por lo que es fundamental una maceración para su extracción (Boulton et al., 1998).A detailed analysis of the precursor glycosides of the aroma shows that they are not found in all varieties and when they appear, they do not occur in the same concentrations (Razungles, et al ., 1993, Reyero et al ., 2000). As for its location, two thirds are in the juice and the other third in the skin which allows its almost total extraction with a simple pressing, unlike free terpenes or anthocyanins that are practically in the skins, Therefore, maceration is essential for its extraction (Boulton et al ., 1998).

La estructura química de estos glicósidos hace que puedan ser recuperados tras su retención en columnas de relleno C_{18} en fase reversa y posterior elución con los solventes adecuados en función de su polaridad. Una vez aislados, su hidrólisis determinaría la concentración de los mismos, ya que al tratarse de una proporción equimolar entre la aglicona y la D-glucosa, la cuantificación enzimática, rápida y muy sencilla del azúcar, permitiría una estimación de la concentración total de los metabolitos secundarios glicosilados presentes en el producto de partida (Williams et al., 1995, Iland et al., 1996).The chemical structure of these glycosides means that they can be recovered after retention in C 18 fill columns in the reverse phase and subsequent elution with the appropriate solvents depending on their polarity. Once isolated, their hydrolysis would determine their concentration, since since it is an equimolar ratio between aglycone and D-glucose, the rapid and very simple enzymatic quantification of sugar would allow an estimate of the total concentration of secondary glycosylated metabolites present in the starting product (Williams et al ., 1995, Iland et al ., 1996).

Hasta el momento no se aplica de forma rutinaria o frecuente un método de cuantificación de los precursores aromáticos, evaluándose este parámetro organolépticamente en el producto acabado o mediante cromatografía de gases cuantificando los volátiles mayoritarios y/o minoritarios, técnica poco accesible a la mayoría de las bodegas.So far it is not applied routinely or frequent a method of quantification of precursors aromatic, evaluating this parameter organoleptically in the finished product or by gas chromatography quantifying volatile majority and / or minority, little accessible technique to most wineries.

Sin embargo, el determinar los precursores del aroma de distintas variedades aportaría al enólogo indudables ventajas de tipo práctico como:However, determining the precursors of the aroma of different varieties would bring the winemaker undoubtedly Practical advantages such as:

\bullet?
La cuantificación de los precursores en el mosto o vendimia estrujada permitiría presumir la concentración de terpenos en el vino, evitando así falsas expectativas.The quantification of precursors in the must or squeezed vintage would allow to presume the concentration of terpenes in the wine, thus avoiding false expectations.

\bullet?
Se podría conocer la evolución de los precursores tanto en la maduración del fruto como en el mosto en fermentación y si la maceración con hollejos lograría una mayor extracción.You could know the evolution of the precursors both in the ripening of the fruit and in the must in fermentation and if maceration with skins would achieve a increased extraction

\bullet?
Finalmente, determinar el contenido de los precursores en el vino terminado ayudaría a saber si los tratamientos enzimáticos para la liberación de aromas, en el caso de ser usados, son o no eficaces. Este hecho es de suma importancia porque se evitaría el uso indiscriminado de preparados enzimáticos, ajustando la dosis cuando sean sea necesarios y eliminando su aplicación en variedades neutras de escaso potencial aromático.Finally, determine the content of the precursors in the finished wine would help to know if the enzymatic treatments for the release of aromas, in the If used, they are effective or not. This fact is of the utmost importance because the indiscriminate use of preparations would be avoided enzymatic, adjusting the dose when necessary and eliminating its application in neutral varieties of low potential aromatic.

Por todo lo expuesto, cada vez es más interesante conocer la concentración de los terpenil glicósidos, considerándose el método propuesto una solución para ello, al ser rápido, sencillo y fácilmente aplicable en cualquier bodega.For all the above, it is increasingly interesting to know the concentration of terpenyl glycosides, considering the proposed method a solution for it, being Fast, simple and easily applicable in any warehouse.

d) Modo de realización de la invenciónd) Embodiment of the invention

La invención consiste en la puesta a punto de un método rápido y sencillo que permita la cuantificación de los precursores del aroma en vendimia estrujada, mostos, vinos y vinos tratados enzimáticamente. Para ello se utilizó el glicósido sintético N-octil-\beta-D-glucósido en distintas disoluciones hidroalcohólicas con diferentes concentraciones de azúcar intentando reproducir las posibles situaciones encontradas en la bodega en función de los distintos sustratos. El método al que se llegó engloba las siguientes etapas:The invention consists in the tuning of a fast and simple method that allows the quantification of precursors of squeezed vintage aroma, musts, wines and wines enzymatically treated. For this the glycoside was used synthetic N-octyl-? -D-glycoside in different hydroalcoholic solutions with different sugar concentrations trying to reproduce the possible situations found in the cellar depending on the different substrates The method that was reached includes the following stages:

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A. Preparación de la muestraA. Sample preparation

A.1. Mostos y vinos: Se centrifugan a 4500 rpm durante 5 minutos.A.1. Must and wine : They are centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 5 minutes.

A.2. Vendimia estrujada: Las uvas se procesan en un homogeneizador de paleta y 10 g de esta digestión se mantienen en contacto con 10 ml de etanol al 50% durante 2 horas a temperatura ambiente con una agitación de 200 rpm. El homogeneizado se centrifuga a 4500 rpm durante 5 minutos y 5 ml del producto limpio se diluyen hasta 25 ml con agua para conseguir el grado alcohólico adecuado (siempre menor del 15% v/v).A.2. Squeezed grape harvest : The grapes are processed in a paddle homogenizer and 10 g of this digestion are kept in contact with 10 ml of 50% ethanol for 2 hours at room temperature with a stirring of 200 rpm. The homogenate is centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 5 minutes and 5 ml of the clean product is diluted to 25 ml with water to achieve the appropriate alcohol content (always less than 15% v / v).

B. Aislamiento de la fracción glicosídica del sustrato por retención selectiva de los glicósidos sobre un adsorbente C_{18} en fase reversa (C_{18} RP)B. Isolation of the glycosidic fraction of the substrate by selective retention of glycosides on an adsorbent C 18 in reverse phase (C 18 RP)

El sustrato (vendimia estrujada, mosto o vino) se carga en la columna previamente activada por el paso de 10 ml de metanol y 10 ml de agua. Las cantidades a ensayar serán 15 ml de mosto y vendimia estrujada y 20 ml de vino. Estos volúmenes son los adecuados para la capacidad de retención de las columnas y suficientes para evaluar las variedades de Vifis vinifera utilizadas en vinificación. A continuación y para eliminar las sustancias polares de la columna, se lava tres veces con 20 ml de agua en el caso de mostos y vendimia estrujada y con 15 ml en vinos. La elución de los precursores se consigue por el paso de 1.5 ml de etanol al 100% y 3 ml de agua, enrasando el producto recuperado hasta 5 ml con agua. En todos los casos, el flujo por columna ha de ser aproximadamente 2-3- ml/min, los reactivos calidad HPLC y el agua calidad miliQ.The substrate (crushed vintage, must or wine) is loaded into the column previously activated by the passage of 10 ml of methanol and 10 ml of water. The amounts to be tested will be 15 ml of must and crushed vintage and 20 ml of wine. These volumes are adequate for the retention capacity of the columns and sufficient to evaluate the varieties of Vifis vinifera used in winemaking. Then, to remove the polar substances from the column, wash three times with 20 ml of water in the case of musts and crushed grape harvest and with 15 ml in wines. Elution of the precursors is achieved by the passage of 1.5 ml of 100% ethanol and 3 ml of water, making up the recovered product up to 5 ml with water. In all cases, the flow per column should be approximately 2-3 ml / min, the HPLC quality reagents and the miliQ quality water.

C. Hidrólisis de la fracción glicosídicaC. Hydrolysis of the glycosidic fraction

A 0.5 ml de los eluídos anteriores se le añade el volumen suficiente de H_{2}SO_{4} 2.25 M para que la mezcla de reacción resulte 1.5 M H_{2}SO_{4} y 10% v/v de etanol. De forma paralela se llevan a cabo controles en los que se sustituye el H_{2}SO_{4} por agua para determinar la glucosa libre que no procede de la hidrólisis de los precursores. Un blanco del reactivo se prepara con etanol al 30% sustituyendo al eluído. Las muestras y el blanco del reactivo se llevan a ebullición durante 1 hora permaneciendo los controles a temperatura ambiente.0.5 ml of the eluted above is added the sufficient volume of H 2 SO 4 {2.25 M for mixing The reaction results in 1.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 10% v / v ethanol. From parallel form controls are carried out in which it is replaced H 2 SO 4 per water to determine free glucose that does not It comes from the hydrolysis of precursors. A reagent blank It is prepared with 30% ethanol replacing the eluate. Samples and the reagent blank is boiled for 1 hour the controls remain at room temperature.

D. Medida de la concentración de la glucosa liberada por reacción enzimática específicaD. Measurement of glucose concentration released by specific enzymatic reaction

La D-glucosa liberada en cada uno de los test se cuantifica por el kit enzimático glucosa go (Sigma). A 262 \mul de cada prueba se le adicionan 260 \mul de NaOH 3 M en el caso de las hidrólisis ácidas y de agua para los controles y 144 \mul de una solución de glucosa 95 \mug/ml que permiten que todas las muestras analizadas se encuentren en el rango de detección del kit enzimático. 200 \mul de esta mezcla se añaden a 400 \mul del kit manteniéndose la mezcla a 37ºC durante 30 minutos y parando la reacción con 400 \mul de H_{2}SO_{4} 6 M según indicaciones del suministrador. A continuación se lee la absorbancia a 540 nm, longitud de onda a la que absorbe la coloración rosada formada por la oxidación de la glucosa a ácido glucónico y posterior reacción con la o-dianisidina.The D-glucose released in each one of the tests is quantified by the glucose go enzyme kit (Sigma). 262 of each test is added 260 of 3 M NaOH in the case of acid and water hydrolysis for controls and 144 µl of a 95 µg / ml glucose solution that allow all the analyzed samples to be in the detection range of the enzyme kit. 200 µl of this mixture is add to 400 µl of the kit keeping the mixture at 37 ° C for 30 minutes and stopping the reaction with 400 µL of H 2 SO 4 6 M according to the supplier's instructions. Then you read the absorbance at 540 nm, wavelength at which it absorbs the pink coloration formed by the oxidation of glucose to acid gluconic and subsequent reaction with the o-dianisidine.

Mediante la interpolación del valor obtenido en una curva patrón de concentraciones conocidas de D-glucosa se calcula la cantidad de glucosa de la muestra problema y con los cálculos adecuados el número de moles de precursor del sustrato inicial.By interpolating the value obtained in a standard curve of known concentrations of D-glucose is calculated the amount of glucose in the shows problem and with the appropriate calculations the number of moles of precursor of the initial substrate.

Para que la técnica fuera fiable se realizaron una serie de experimentos que nos garantizaron al 99% de confianza una correcta cuantificación de los precursores del aroma. Estos ensayos fueron:For the technique to be reliable, they were performed a series of experiments that guaranteed us 99% confidence a correct quantification of aroma precursors. These trials were:

Capacidad de recuperación de la columna. Se llevó a cabo con disoluciones de N-octil-\beta-D-glucósido de concentración conocida (0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.25 \mumoles de N-octil/ml) utilizando un volumen de 20 ml. Al comparar los valores de glucosa obtenidos con los esperados se observó que existía un coeficiente de correlación (r^{2}) de 0.996. Capacity of recovery of the column . It was carried out with solutions of N-octyl-β-D-glucoside of known concentration (0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.25 of N-octyl / ml) using a volume of 20 ml. When comparing the glucose values obtained with those expected, it was observed that there was a correlation coefficient (r 2) of 0.996.

Velocidad de paso. Se escogió una concentración de N-octil-\beta-D-glucósido media (0.5 \mumoles/ml) y se cuantificó la cantidad de glucosa liberada usando tres velocidades de paso: 2, 3 y 4 ml/min. El análisis de la varianza de un factor indicó que no existían diferencias significativas al 99% de confianza entre los valores obtenidos a todas las velocidades de paso y el valor real esperado. Step speed . A concentration of average N-octyl-? -D-glucoside (0.5 µmol / ml) was chosen and the amount of glucose released was quantified using three step speeds: 2, 3 and 4 ml / min. The analysis of the variance of a factor indicated that there were no significant differences at 99% confidence between the values obtained at all passing speeds and the expected real value.

Este dato es importante a nivel metodológico, ya que permite al analista cierto margen de error en dicho parámetro tan difícil de controlar con exactitud.This data is important at the methodological level, since which allows the analyst some margin of error in that parameter So hard to control exactly.

Número de usos de cada columna. Se usaron disoluciones de N-octil (0.2 \mumoles/ml) cuantificando la glucosa liberada al usar la columna 1, 2, 3 y 4 veces. Se observó que la recuperación era buena hasta el tercer uso, disminuyendo notablemente cuando se utilizaba una cuarta vez. El test ANOVA mostró que existían diferencias significativas a nivel del 95% de confianza entre la glucosa recuperada con el cuarto uso de la columna y el valor real esperado y que no existieron diferencias significativas al 99% entre el valor real y el primer, segundo y tercer paso por la columna. Los datos indicaron por lo tanto que cada columna se podía usar hasta tres veces con un nivel de fiabilidad del 99 por 100. Number of uses of each column . N-octyl solutions (0.2 µmol / ml) were used by quantifying the glucose released by using column 1, 2, 3 and 4 times. The recovery was observed to be good until the third use, decreasing markedly when used a fourth time. The ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences at the 95% confidence level between glucose recovered with the fourth use of the spine and the expected real value and that there were no significant differences at 99% between the real value and the first, second and Third step through the column. The data therefore indicated that each column could be used up to three times with a reliability level of 99 percent.

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E) Aplicación de la invenciónE) Application of the invention

Se llevaron a cabo por triplicado cuantificaciones de los precursores del aroma de distintos sustratos:They were carried out in triplicate quantifications of the aroma precursors of different substrates:

Vendimia estrujada. Se escogieron las variedades Airén, Chardonnay, Chenín, Garnacha Blanca, Moscatel, Rosanne, Sauvignon Blanc y Verdejo. En la Figura 1 se representa la cantidad de glucosa obtenida tras la hidrólisis de los glicósidos aislados. En ella se observa que la variedad Moscatel es la que mayor glucosa libera y por tanto es la más aromática, mientras que Airén presenta los valores más bajos siendo así una variedad neutra. Estos resultados son acordes con lo encontrado en la bibliografía (Tingle M. et al., 1971; Gunata Z. et al., 1986; Williams et al., 1995; Iland et al., 1996; Boulton et al., 1998;). Squeezed vintage . The varieties Airén, Chardonnay, Chenín, Garnacha Blanca, Moscatel, Rosanne, Sauvignon Blanc and Verdejo were chosen. Figure 1 shows the amount of glucose obtained after the hydrolysis of the isolated glycosides. It shows that the Moscatel variety is the one that releases the highest glucose and therefore is the most aromatic, while Airén has the lowest values, thus being a neutral variety. These results are consistent with what was found in the literature (Tingle M. et al ., 1971; Gunata Z. et al ., 1986; Williams et al ., 1995; Iland et al ., 1996; Boulton et al., 1998; ).

Mosto y Vino. Se eligieron las variedades Airén, Chardonnay, Gerwürztraminer, Macabeo, Moscatel, Sauvignon Blanc y Riesling. Se analizan los precursores de los mostos y sus correspondientes vinos obtenidos tras la fermentación en el laboratorio con la cepa comercial de levadura UCLM 325. En la Figura 2 se refleja de nuevo la gran variabilidad en la cantidad de precursores en función de la variedad de uva. En este caso Gerwürztraminer es la que obtiene un valor más elevado, muy seguida de Moscatel. Se observa cómo la variedad Riesling también es rica en precursores aromáticos, volviendo a ser Airén la que menor potencial aromático presenta. Este experimento también permitió conocer la evolución de los precursores durante el proceso de vinificación. Wort and Wine . The varieties Airén, Chardonnay, Gerwürztraminer, Macabeo, Moscatel, Sauvignon Blanc and Riesling were chosen. The precursors of the musts and their corresponding wines obtained after fermentation in the laboratory with the commercial yeast strain UCLM 325 are analyzed. Figure 2 again shows the great variability in the amount of precursors depending on the grape variety . In this case Gerwürztraminer is the one that obtains a higher value, often followed by Moscatel. It is observed how the Riesling variety is also rich in aromatic precursors, once again Airén has the lowest aromatic potential. This experiment also allowed to know the evolution of the precursors during the winemaking process.

Mosto, vino y vino tratado enzimáticamente. Se estudió la cantidad de terpenil glicósidos presente en mostos, vinos y vinos tratados con enzimas comerciales con actividad \beta-glucosidásica empleados según indicaciones de la casa comercial. Las variedades a ensayar fueron Airén, Macabeo y Moscatel. Los resultados, en cuanto a variedades se refiere, son similares a los de ensayos anteriores y se observa una disminución en el contenido de precursores a lo largo del proceso en las tres variedades. (Figura 3). Wort, wine and wine treated enzymatically . The amount of terpenyl glycosides present in musts, wines and wines treated with commercial enzymes with β-glucosidic activity used according to indications of the commercial house was studied. The varieties to be tested were Airén, Macabeo and Moscatel. The results, as far as varieties are concerned, are similar to those of previous trials and there is a decrease in the content of precursors throughout the process in the three varieties. (Figure 3).

Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures

Figura 1. Cuantificación de la glucosa liberada a partir de vendimia estrujada de distintas variedades: Airén (1), Chardonnay (2), Chenín (3), Garnacha Blanca(4), Moscatel (5), Rosanne (6), Sauvignon Blanc (7) y Verdejo (8).Figure 1. Quantification of glucose released from crushed vintage of different varieties: Airén (1), Chardonnay (2), Chenín (3), Garnacha Blanca (4), Muscat (5), Rosanne (6), Sauvignon Blanc (7) and Verdejo (8).

Figura 2. Cuantificación de glucosa liberada a partir de mostos y sus correspondientes vinos de distintas variedades: Airén (1), Chardonnay (2), Gerwürztraminer (3), Macabeo (4), Moscatel (5), Sauvignon Blanc (6) y Riesling (7).Figure 2. Quantification of glucose released to from musts and their corresponding wines of different varieties: Airén (1), Chardonnay (2), Gerwürztraminer (3), Macabeo (4), Muscat (5), Sauvignon Blanc (6) and Riesling (7).

Figura 3. Cuantificación de glucosa liberada a partir de mostos, vinos y vinos tratados enzimáticamente de distintas variedades: Airén (1), Macabeo (2) y Moscatel (3).Figure 3. Quantification of glucose released to from musts, wines and wines treated enzymatically from different varieties: Airén (1), Macabeo (2) and Moscatel (3).

Bibliografía Bibliography

1) Arrhenius S.P., McCloskey L.P y Sylvan M. (1996). Chemical markers for aroma of Vitis vinifera var. Chardonnay regional wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 1085-1090.1) Arrhenius SP, McCloskey LP and Sylvan M. ( 1996 ). Chemical markers for aroma of Vitis vinifera var. Chardonnay regional wines. J. Agric. Food Chem 44, 1085-1090.

2) Arévalo Villena M. Propuesta de un Método rápido para la cuantificación de la actividad \beta-glucosidásica en levaduras vínicas. DEA. (2003). Universidad de Castilla la Mancha.2) Arévalo Villena M. Proposal for a Rapid Method for the quantification of β-glucosidic activity in wine yeasts. DEA. ( 2003 ). Castilla-La Mancha university.

3) Boulton R., Singleton V., Bisson L., Kunkee R. (1998). Principles and Practices of winemaking. Aspen Publishers, Inc.3) Boulton R., Singleton V., Bisson L., Kunkee R. ( 1998 ). Principles and Practices of winemaking. Aspen Publishers, Inc.

4) Cordero Otero RR., Ubeda Iranzo JF., Briones Pérez Al., Potgieter N., Arévalo Villena M., Pretorius IS and van Rensburg P. (2003). Characterization of the \beta-glucosidase activity produced by enological strain of Non-Saccharomyces yeasts. J. Food. Sci. 8, 2564-2569.4) Lamb Otero RR., Ubeda Iranzo JF., Briones Pérez Al., Potgieter N., Arévalo Villena M., Pretorius IS and van Rensburg P. ( 2003 ). Characterization of the β-glucosidase activity produced by enological strain of Non- Saccharomyces yeasts. J. Food. Sci . 8, 2564-2569.

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9) Lland PG., Cynkar W., Francis IL., Williams PJ and Coombe BG. (1996). Optimisation of methods for the determination of total and red-free glycosyl glucose in balck grape berries of Vitis vinifera. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 2, 171-178.9) Lland PG., Cynkar W., Francis IL., Williams PJ and Coombe BG. ( 1996 ). Optimization of methods for the determination of total and red-free glycosyl glucose in balck grape berries of Vitis vinifera . Aust J. Grape Wine Res . 2, 171-178.

10) Razungles A., Gunata Z., Pinatel S., Baumes R. Y Rayonove C. (1993). Quantitative studies on terpenes, norisoprenoides and their precursors in several varieties of grapes. Sci. Aliments. 13, 59-72.10) Razungles A., Gunata Z., Pinatel S., Baumes R. and Rayonove C. ( 1993 ). Quantitative studies on terpenes, norisoprenoides and their precursors in several varieties of grapes. Sci. Aliments . 13, 59-72.

11) Reyero R., Garijo J., Díaz Plaza E., Cuartero H., Salinas M.R. y Pard F. (2000). Comparison of aroma composition of six monovarietal red wines. Alimentación, Equipos y Tecnología. 19, 101-110.11) Reyero R., Garijo J., Díaz Plaza E., Cuartero H., Salinas MR and Pard F. ( 2000 ). Comparison of aroma composition of six monovarietal red wines. Food, Equipment and Technology. 19, 101-110.

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Claims (7)

1. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos que comprende:1. Method to quantify the precursors of aroma (terpenyl-? -D glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines that understands:
a)to)
Aislamiento de los precursores por retención selectiva en columna,Isolation of precursors by selective column retention,
b)b)
Elución de los precursores,Elution of precursors,
c)C)
Hidrólisis de los precursores,Hydrolysis of precursors,
d)d)
Medida de concentración de glucosa liberada.Glucose concentration measurement released.
caracterizado porque los volúmenes a pasar por la columna son de 15 ml, en el caso de vendimia estrujada y mostos, y 20 ml, en el caso de los vinos, y donde la velocidad de flujo en la columna varía entre 2 y 4 ml/min. characterized in that the volumes to pass through the column are 15 ml, in the case of crushed vintage and musts, and 20 ml, in the case of wines, and where the flow rate in the column varies between 2 and 4 ml / min.
2. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la retención selectiva se lleva a cabo en columnas de fase reversa.2. Method for quantifying aroma precursors (terpenyl-? -D-glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines according to claim 1 characterized in that selective retention is carried out in reverse phase columns. 3. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de acuerdo con la reivindicación 2 caracterizado porque el adsorbente de la columna es C18.3. Method for quantifying aroma precursors (terpenyl-? -D glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines according to claim 2 characterized in that the column adsorbent is C18. 4. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque adicionalmente se lleva a cabo una etapa de lavado con agua antes de la etapa b).4. Method for quantifying aroma precursors (terpenyl-? -D-glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that a water washing stage is additionally carried out before the stage b). 5. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la elución de los precursores se lleva a cabo con agua y etanol.5. Method for quantifying aroma precursors (terpenyl-? -D-glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the elution of the precursors is carried out with water and ethanol. 6. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la hidrólisis de los terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos se lleva a cabo con H_{2}SO_{4}.6. Method for quantifying aroma precursors (terpenyl-? -D-glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that hydrolysis of terpenyl-? -D-glucosides is carried out with H_ {SO} {4}. 7. Método para cuantificar los precursores del aroma (terpenil-\beta-D glucósidos) en vendimia estrujada, mostos y vinos de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la medida de la concentración de glucosa liberada se lleva a cabo por detección enzimática y posterior interpolación del valor obtenido en una curva patrón con valores conocidos.7. Method for quantifying aroma precursors (terpenyl-? -D glycosides) in crushed vintage, musts and wines according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the measurement of the concentration of glucose released is carried out by enzymatic detection and subsequent interpolation of the value obtained in a standard curve with known values.
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Title
ABBOTT, N.A.; WILLIAMS, P.J.; COOMBE, B.G. Measure of potential wine quality by analysis of grape glycosides. Proceedings of the Eight Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference. 1992. Páginas 72-75. *
ILAND, P.G.; CYNKAR, W. et al. Optimisation of methods for the determination of total and red-free glycosyl glucose in black grape berries of Vitis vinifera. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 1996. Vol. 2, Nº 3, páginas 171-178. ISSN 1322-7130. *
WHITON, R.; ZOECKLEIN, W. Evaluation of Glycosyl-Glucose Analytical Methods for Various Glycosides. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 2002. Vol. 53, Nº 4, páginas 315-317. *
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