ES2259908B1 - PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING GEL-DENSE TYPE FERTILIZERS BY SPACE CLAY DISPERSION. - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for obtaining gel-dense fertilizers by spatial dispersion of clay. The invention relates to a process for obtaining gel-dense fertilizers by spatial dispersion of clay, whose fertilizers that will be of high concentration, will preferably be applied to foliar fertilizers, fertilizers for fertilization and copper, these formulations being composed of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as main elements, and microelements as secondary, using a mixture of clays with a weight of 2% in relation to the total weight of the gels to thicken the gels, and silicone surfactants are used as gelling agents, not being used as a vehicle for transport water, but a spatial dispersion of clay based on a shear system that includes the agitation process.

Description

Procedure for obtaining type fertilizers dense gel by spatial dispersion of clay.

Object of the invention

The invention consists of a method of obtaining gel-dense fertilizers by spatial dispersion of clay, which falls within the sector chemical, and for application in an industry of fertilizers

It is about producing foliar or copper fertilizers gel type by using a spatial dispersion of clay by shear.

State of the art

To date, the fertilizers used They are commonly:

- Solid fertilizers, with the drawbacks of application that they suppose, such as dust, need to use Mixing or stirring tanks.

- Liquid fertilizers, which are very diluted, since they have the solubility as an application limit and they transport water They also present a risk of crystallization.

- They have also come to market gels, but they require agitation in storage, transport and application. In addition all suspensions marketed until the date were of lesser concentration than the one proposed here invention.

The product obtained with the procedure of the invention is much more stable, being able to be stored long time without decanting and does not require agitation. Even once diluted maintains the retention effect: the root structure is maintained and The particles of active substances do not settle.

The current technique referred to the purpose of the invention is included, among others, in patents following:

A) US patent 442285

This patent talks about the processes to which montmorillonite must be subjected (aluminum silicate hydrated with some MgO and CaO) to acquire gelling properties. It indicates that to thicken an aqueous solution, the clay is dispersed in water by a chemical dispersant and the pre-dispersion is stirred in the aqueous liquid by a flocculating agent. To thicken an organic liquid, the clay is dried and dispersed into the liquid by a surfactant.
tea.

Unlike, the procedure of the present invention is oriented to its application in nutrients inorganic

B) US Patent 4304587

This patent describes how a new composition mixing an aqueous solution of a fertilizer (NPK) and an attapulgite clay. The composition provides additional stability to the emulsion when combined with a "emulsifiable" concentrate of an organophosphorus compound with alkyls and phenyls, which is not the case at hand.

The proposed procurement procedure is Applicable to a wide variety of chemical compounds, not specifying specific ones as in the mentioned patent previously.

C) US Patent 3649239

The fertilizer composition proposed in This patent is prepared from a solution of an alginate soluble and soluble chemical fertilizers and / or fertilizers Insoluble chemicals in emulsion form. Such compositions are based on the gelling action of alchemical acid (algine is a protein colloid that is extracted from algae by alkaline digestion; attacking the algin with hydrochloric acid comes out the alchemical acid. He sodium alginate is in many algae). Once formed, the gel keeps chemical fertilizers suspended inside its mass and slowly releasing them to the ground.

The present invention does not require gelling agents. organic

D) GB patent 1387838

Here we talk about getting a fluid suspension of fertilizers in the form of a thixotropic gel from phosphates, aromatic alkyl sulfonates such as surfactants, and a colloidal clay as a thickening agent.

This patent has the most points in common. with the proposed invention, but it deals with fertilizers for direct application to the ground while the new gels invention are foliar application. And what is more important: These gels offer optimization in the combination of physical and chemical agents, getting one more product concentrated, cheap and stable, which does not require sulfactants specific or agitation in storage.

E) GB 1378247

This patent describes how to obtain a composite material from explosive components or fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate. The mixture is obtained mixing crystallized ammonium nitrate at room temperature from a saturated solution thereof, within an inorganic gel derived from a clay. The gel can be prepared by mixing washed montmorillonite or vermiculite with water, passing the solution formed through a filter and boiling the solution to form a gel The gel can be mixed with a hot solution concentrated ammonium nitrate.

The method of obtaining fertilizers gel-type referred to in the new invention no It requires no heat supply.

F) patent DE 3709685

In this case the employment of methylene diurea as an agent to form a gel capable of suspending particles that are insoluble in a liquid medium. The new one invention does not require this compound and manages to obtain a gel-shaped fertilizer by a totally different process. The invention differs because it is intended for particles soluble in water-based liquid medium, such as insoluble (copper, for example).

Description of the invention

With the process of the invention, develop a liquid type fertilizer high concentration dense gel and what else specifically applies to:

a) Foliar fertilizers.- Your destination is the application foliar, and this so that the plant takes it by the leaf.

b) Fertigation fertilizers.- Your destination is for fertilization through irrigation water and for the plant I took it by the root.

c) Copper.- Its destination is the correction of copper deficiencies or the protection of the surface of the leaves and plant stems against pathogenic fungi, being their formulation based on copper oxychloride, cuprous oxide and cupric hydroxide.

Both foliar fertilizers and those intended for fertirrigation are formulations composed of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as main elements and microelements, sulfur, calcium and organic matter as secondary, although the system of production allows a lot of variability in balances, even that there is only one or two of the elements. This versatility allows that the variety of formulas is very high, which gives the possibility of choosing the most suitable for each crop and moment vegetative, high in phosphorus for floral and root development, high in potassium for increased reserves and higher quality of the fruits. Most formulations contain microelements

For the thickening of the gels proposed in the invention uses a mixture of clays that account for 2% of the weight of the final product, and as gelling agents are used silicone surfactants.

The main novelty of the procedure for obtaining the new proposed dense gel lies in its  formulation, in which a transport vehicle is not used water, but a spatial dispersion of clay, and this based on a shear procedure that includes the agitation process of so that both are integrated being produced by a special installation that includes several discs that turn on a same axis and perform the shear on a fixed surface, at time that produce a movement in the fluid, on the one hand of leakage and for another sink. The achievement in the fluid of a high active matter concentration is based on forming a structure crosslink where "pigeonhole" copper and fertilizers, preventing their precipitation, and achieving a product Very viscous and high concentration. If this is not used system the maximum attainable concentration is the solubility, which It is much lower and forces water transport.

The process of obtaining the dense gels begins with the dispersion of conditioning agents and continues with the grinding of the materials active until the ideal size is maintained to keep the particles not dissolved inside the three-dimensional clay mesh. Finally you can add additives that provide actions formulation aids, such as defoamers, humectants and adherents for formulations that are intended for foliar application.

The production process itself is presented schematically in the attached sheet of plans, in the The following parts are referenced:

A.- Adding components to form the three-dimensional structure

B.- Reactor with shear mill.

C.- Adding active materials for grinding.

D.- New agitation phase.

E.- The ground active materials are now incorporated into the structure.

F.- Next phase of agitation.

G.- Adding conditioners.

H.- Last phase of agitation in which it is It does so very lightly.

I.- Final product obtained.

Example of embodiment of the invention

As indicated above, the thickening is  achieved with 2% by weight of clay, whose composition is: 50% of sepiolite, 25% bentonite, and 25% atapulgite.

Without this mixture of clays, the components would decant, since the concentration is above the supersaturation

Under the physical process, the importance of surfactants such as silicone dispersants, is reduced, and You can even do without them.

It is essential in the new procedure that  stirring and shearing processes must be integrated into only one.

The procedure to obtain a product Concrete is as follows:

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Adding components to form the structure three-dimensional clay:

- 53% by weight of a saturated solution of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, which, even in the case of active substances, it is added because it is liquid.

- 2% by weight of a sepiolite mixture (50%), ventolite (25%) and attapulgite (25%).

Reactor with mill and shear.

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Addition and grinding of other materials active:

- 19.4% by weight of urea

- 3% of a cocktail of micro-elements

- 22.1% potassium chloride

Agitation for the incorporation of active materials to the structure.

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Adding conditioners:

- 0.5% by weight of antifoam.

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The proposed procedure uses a formulation not known so far made from raw materials together with dipersant and suspending agents, which facilitates a side the formation of application broths, and on the other the effectiveness as a nutrient

As it is said, the most important novelty in the procedure is the integration of mixing operations and shear in a single team. This reinforcement in the physical aspect allows versatility in the use of gelling agents and surfactants, very important for industrial viability; as It is not the mere fact that it is possible to obtain a product gel type with a certain concentration of a nutrient, but there is a wide range of clays and adjuvants that can be use to achieve it, so that the cost of the product looks reduced, not being subject to the price of raw materials expensive and irreplaceable, as was the case so far. Maybe for this reason although laboratory scale had been achieved synthesize NPK fertilizer gels (there is no news that copper gels have been developed before), never they had entered the market because of the economic unfeasibility of Industrial application

On the other hand, although for the same reason discussed above, the concentration of active substances achieved in dense gels is greater than in others which have been synthesized on a laboratory scale, since a smaller percentage by weight of agents is required gelling agents

Other notable product benefits obtained are:

- Gel-retaining effect. - It is a formulation that uses a new mineral transport vehicle, whose action is transmitted even after dissolution.

With the foliar application produces a system of ion retention with electrostatic charges that prevents loss  of the excess that the plant takes in the first instance.

In this way we allow later to put disposition of the plant that excess nutrients than another way they would lose most of it. From here comes the fact that the efficiency is greater than that of any solid foliar fertilizer or liquid

- Laminar effect. - This retention of electrostatic charges also produces a laminar effect that supposes a greater effectiveness in the distribution on the surface of the sheet, due to the arrangement in sheets. In this way a greater effective surface of absorption by the plant is guaranteed.

- Neutral pH .- Unlike most liquid foliars that are very acidic or very alkaline, the product obtained with the new procedure can be used at higher doses by not being aggressive with the leaf's reticule or with the cells that make up stomata

- Guarantee in the dosage. - Greater comfort for the farmer, when dosing by volume instead of by weight.

- Guarantee in the dissolution. - The application is faster and easier than with the traditional methods, since it is not necessary to make a previous mixture in water containers to realize the dissolution and then add to the treatment tanks.

Liquids guarantee greater homogeneity and dispersion in the solution than solids. For a correct solid dissolution is important the water quality of treatment; not so to dilute dense gels. Due to its conformation as a gel, there is a guarantee of elements soluble.

- Adjuvant .- Promotes the effectiveness of phytosanitary products that go in the same medium.

Claims (3)

1. Procedure for obtaining gel-dense fertilizers by spatial dispersion of clay, characterized in that for the formulation of the gel-dense a spatial dispersion of clay is used by a shear process linked to a stirring process, both of which are integrated into one and produced by means of an installation that includes several discs that rotate on the same axis and make the shear on a fixed surface, while producing a movement in the fluid, on one side of leakage and on the other side of a sump. 2. Procedure for obtaining gel-dense fertilizers by spatial dispersion of clay, according to claim one, characterized in that the obtaining of the dense gel begins with the dispersion of the environmental conditioners and continues with the grinding of the active materials until achieving the ideal size to keep the undissolved particles suspended inside the three-dimensional clay mesh, finally adding antifoam and moisturizing additives. 3. Procedure for obtaining gel-dense fertilizers by spatial dispersion of clay, according to claim one, characterized in that the clay mixture which represents 2% of the final weight of the product, its proportion is 50% sepiolite, 25% Bentonite, and 25% attapulgite.