ES2258944B1 - PROCEDURE FOR WATER TRANSFER BY SEA. - Google Patents

Abstract

Water transfer procedure by sea essentially characterized in that it consists of collecting the water from one or more donor river basins (1) through a hydraulic station (2) in each case and with the mediation of a siphon structure marine pipe (3) equipped with ramifications as appropriate, transport it by the seabed (12) basically as a result of communicating vessels, to one or more points of the coast or one or more islands, in whose destinations there is another final receiving hydraulic station (4 ) erected at the same height above sea level as the donor hydraulic stations (2).

Description

Water transfer procedure via maritime

Technical field

The present invention relates to a procedure for the realization of deviating hydraulic works and channel the flow of a river to another place, so that it can be used to irrigate a crop field, supply a city or even for industrial use.

Background of the invention

The Spanish rivers collect about 106,000 a year hm3 of which only 9000 could be used if there were no reservoirs It is seen that the proportion of water that can be used for Naturally, without making storage marshes, it's small, no It reaches 10%. This happens because the Spanish rivers have large flow differences between some stations and others: their regime is torrential, and this makes its use very difficult. In France, for example, 40% of the water carried by its rivers is usable without  Need to make large dams.

In order to have enough water they have built swamps that store water in the rainy season, regulate the flow of the river to avoid flooding and can take advantage to obtain hydroelectric power. The capacity of the reservoir is currently greater than 50,000 hm3 per year, which which gives a water availability of about 2800 m 3 per person year. This availability is higher than the Union average European The fundamental problem is that it is distributed very uneven, and some dry areas have water shortages. How solution to this problem works are carried out to transfer water between two geographical areas.

At present, it is understood by transfer the deviation of the flow of a river outside its natural course and they constitute a key element for the organization of a plan hydrological The Arabs and Romans, for example, have already devised formulas that allowed them to move this element from one place where it abounded, to another where it was scarce.

There are many Hydrological Plans throughout the world that are based on the construction of large dams and reservoirs in areas that have plenty of water to transfer, to through canals, tunnels and large pipes, to dry areas. These plans include huge engineering works and modification of many square kilometers of territory. It should be said that some of these water deviations have had ecological consequences, Very negative human and social.

In Spain, the best known is the transfer of Tajo-Segura that transports water from the basin of the Tagus river to the Segura river basin, in the southeast of the Peninsula. Normally, as in this case, they are the most abundant rivers water donors and less, recipients, but also the transfer from one swamp to another can be made.

The infrastructure that transfers involve They are the pipes where the water will run. To carry out after its construction, the conditions of the land to be crossed. If it is flat or hilly; if you have or not enough inclination, whether it crosses crops or not, areas natural protected, etc., etc.

Depending on this, you can perform several types of transfers: in channel (aerial tubes) of a variable width; in siphon (u-shaped tube that sits between two containers placed at different slopes); in aqueduct or tunnel.

In some cases, some of these techniques along the hundreds of kilometers that can get to measure a transfer. And all this must be done respecting the environment, as well as the animal and plant species that They inhabit.

As in the case of reservoirs, the impact that these others produce will depend fundamentally on the environmental value of the affected areas and more specifically in this plot case. However, these are works that generally go to generate a great environmental impact, similar to that produced by the construction of a highway or a high train line speed, where the slopes must also be very small and practically constant, which substantially increases earthworks that will be necessary, and therefore The impact on the environment.

It is therefore about large conduits of several hundreds of kilometers that cross the territory, marked by huge slopes, producing serious environmental conditions there for where they cross, dividing the territory and therefore producing a remarkable barrier effect.

Description of the invention

Generally speaking, the present invention will be refers to a procedure to transfer water that a basin river pours into the sea to any other point on the coast away from is.

Specifically, the process consists of collecting the water from the mouth of a river and with the mediation of a Siphon-type marine pipe, transport it along the seabed to any other point of the coast or an island, being able to join some rivers with others, and also circulate the water in one direction or other depending on the supply needs, the water moving due to the effect of communicating vessels, although It can be accelerated by pumping stations.

Then, at the end point of the pipeline will raise the flow of water received until reaching the points of Inland destination.

The pipes used are made of plastic material made continuously in situ by mobile extruders, or in sections to be spliced.

This procedure has no more impact. environmental than a marine cable or a marine pipeline, being much safer, because any presumable leakage would always be water absolutely harmless. On the other hand, the realization costs are far inferior to those of a conventional land transfer, given that large works of land adaptation are not executed, which by another side should not be expropriated, since the seabed is not It is parceled.

The water transferred can be obtained on its own creep up to the same level as it was taken in the basin donor.

On the other hand, the pipe in these conditions It does not have to present a structure capable of withstanding high pressures, since being submerged from the point of origin to the destination, it will be hydrostatically balanced, There is the same pressure inside as outside.

If the water is taken inland instead of at the mouth of the river, this may be distributed land inside to the same height as where it was taken, without the need for pumps impellent, although in this case the pipes will have to be reinforced at least from the point where they cease to be submerged in water

The laying of the pipes is done from one or more ships or movable sea platforms, where they are located one or more extruders that continuously extrude a tube of plastic, preferably of a diameter not exceeding 1500 mm for facilitate flexion If the flow to be transferred is greater than maximum transportable through said pipe, the laying of two lines or more parallel from the same boat or from other Working as a team.

During the pipe laying phase, it is noticeable to have several splicers to use in the case of breakage.

The pipe to be used is equipped with seafloor self-settlement and its distribution can be carried out both linearly and in the form of a network, thus a general pipeline useful ramifications may arise for Improve your distribution.

Description of the drawings

In order to illustrate how much so far we have exposed, is accompanied by the present specification of a sheet of drawings in which a scheme of the invention.

In said drawings, Figure 1 represents a transfer scheme according to the invention, in which the water is taken from a river basin and transferred to a swamp, with the intermediary use of two pumping stations.

Figure 2 represents a form of laying of the marine pipeline for transfer, according to the invention.

Example Description

According to the invention, the new procedure for water transfer from a river basin to another point away from This begins with the construction at the mouth of a river basin (1) of a hydraulic station (2) from the which tends a marine pipe (3) with a siphon structure, which runs along the seabed (12) and ends at another station final hydraulics (4) erected at the same level as the first and constituting, in the example described, of a primary station pumping, from which a second reinforced pipe (5) starts a second pumping station (6) of which in turn part a third reinforced pipe (7) analogous to the second, towards a final station (8) for pouring water into a swamp (9), from where it will be distributed through the conventional hydraulic network to the populations of the area.

The marine pipe (3) is laid from a floating platform (10) on which, a station has been installed continuous plastic tube extruder (3) supplied by support ships (11), which extrudes as the platform advances a 1500 mm plastic tube. in diameter and 30 mm. thick

Claims (8)

1. Water transfer procedure by sea essentially characterized in that it consists of collecting water from one or more donor river basins (1) through a hydraulic station (2) in each case and with the mediation of a structured marine pipeline of siphon (3) equipped with ramifications as appropriate, transport it by the seabed (12) basically as a result of communicating vessels, to one or more points of the coast or one or more islands, in whose destinations there is another final receiving hydraulic station (4) erected at the same height above sea level as the donor hydraulic stations (2). 2. Water transfer method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the water can circulate through the marine pipes (3) in one direction or another depending on the supply needs. 3. Water transfer procedure according to previous claims, characterized in that water transferred can be obtained by its own creep up to the same level as it was taken in the donor basin, being necessary from that point the use of pumping stations (6 ) to raise it to its final destination inland. 4. Water transfer method according to previous claims, characterized in that the pipes used (3) are preferably made of plastic material with a diameter preferably less than 1500 mm. 5. Water transfer method according to previous claims, characterized in that the submerged sections of the pipe (3) are hydrostatically compensated with no need for reinforcements therein, while the sections running out of the water must be carried out using reinforced pipe (5) . 6. Water transfer method according to previous claims, characterized in that the pipes that run below sea level between the donor (2) and receiving (4) hydraulic stations, are made continuously by mobile extruders, or in sections to be spliced. 7. Water transfer method according to previous claims, characterized in that the laying of the pipes is carried out from one or more ships or movable marine platforms (10) and (11), where one or more extruder machines that extrude a pipe are located. plastic (3). 8. Water transfer method according to previous claims, characterized in that the pipes (3) intended to run along the seabed (12), are provided with self-settling means at the bottom and their distribution can be carried out both linearly and in the form of a network , so that from a general pipe useful ramifications roar to improve its distribution.