ES2258404A1 - Pneumatic gear motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The differential includes an epicyclic reducer incorporated inside an endless screw reducer. The epicyclic reducer has a rotor shaft with a gear at one end meshed inside the screw reducer, and a bearing supporting the gear. The differential is supported on the engine body and front/back covers, with both reducers coaxial with each other.

Description

Pneumatic motor reducer.

The technical sector of this invention is the of pneumatic motors. Pneumatic motors are engines that they have an operation based on pressurized air, they do not produce special consumption, do not pollute, are suitable to work in workspaces located in an interior, are usually of stable operation, and as the only drawback they have to they have little torque in relation to their high turning capacity, which which requires an adequate speed reduction that favors the optimum use of the engine.

This engine is particularly suited to the application for the awning drive that covers the boxes of truck, although it is not exclusively for such application.

Indication of prior art

ES U200300917 by pneumatic gearmotor for awning drive, consists in the use of a set pneumatic motor reducer to perform the shaft drive of cable and awning conductive pulleys above mentioned with mixed, straight and screw demultiplication endless. The advantages of using the motor reducer Tire were as follows:

* Elimination of physical effort by people.

* Simplicity and speed of operation.

* Use of an energy source (air compressed) available in the type of vehicle you are going to destined.

* Intrinsic characteristic to the pneumatic motor of be able to use its power automatically adapting its relationship Torque / Speed depending on the resistance effort that, in each At the moment, I can offer the powered device.

* Robustness and reliability of this type of mechanisms to work in dirty, humid environments and with large temperature variations

* Elimination of fire hazards and / or explosion in dangerous environments.

* Simplicity of installation in the vehicle.

* System with a contained economic cost.

The present invention aims at a pneumatic motor reducer, which provides the advantage of arrangement of a mixed reducer, epicyclic type attached to a worm gear reducer; between both reach a reduction optimal, also having as an essential feature that both reducers are arranged assembled together also occupying a Small space.

In order to improve performance, the reliability and reduce the cost with respect to previous pneumatic motor reducer has been introduced a basic modification to the set configuration that has as a consequence a pneumatic motor reducer evolved

Said basic modification consists in replacing the simple reduction system with a pair of straight gears, used for the first phase of reduction of the previous model, by a system of "epicyclic reducer", also called a planetary gear reducer. For the second phase of reduction, the screw reducer is still maintained without
finish.

In order to make clearer the explanation that will follow, it is accompanied by two sheets of drawings that in two figures They represent the essence of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a sectional view Longitudinal pneumatic motor assembly, reduction Epicyclic and worm reduction.

Figure 2 shows a sectional view cross section of the epicycloidal reducer.

In these figures it is represented indicated by:

one

he pneumatic motor rotor with gear reducer sun shaft epicycloidal

2

paddles

3

body engine

4

motor housing

6

top rear

10

Bearing

eleven

bolts

14

top lead

16

Bearing

18

gearbox body

19

Bearing

twenty

he crown gear

twenty-one

axis worm screw with part function satellite carrier of the epicyclic reducer

22

axes satellite

24

satellite gears

25

Bearing

26

retaining ring

27

retainer of oil

28

axis endless crown

Explanation of the invention.

In figure 2 you can see the different parts that make up an epicyclic reducer. The entry movement is performed through the central gear, called gear "Sun" (1), which, in turn, rotates the two gears intermediate, called "Satellite" gears (24). As the outer gear, called "Crown" gear (20), is fixed and cannot move, the two satellite gears (24) will advance spinning around him. As the two satellite gears (24) they are mounted, by means of the satellite shafts (22), on the piece satellite carrier (21), in this piece we will have the output movement of this reducer. Depending on the number of teeth of each of the gears that make up this reducer, we will get a specific speed reduction ratio, and a multiplication of torque, between the input movement of the sun gear (1) and the output movement of the piece satellite carrier (21).

In figure 1 you can identify the different parts of the pneumatic motor reducer that exert the function of parts of the epicyclic reducer. The gear of motion input, or sun gear, we identify it with the serrated to the left side of the rotor shaft (1) of the motor tire. The output piece of the movement, or piece satellite carrier, we identify it with the part axle right worm screw (21) of reducer final. The crown gear (20), the satellite gears (24) and the satellite axes (22) are specific elements of the function that perform.

After this explanation, you can perform a clear and concise definition of the main characteristic innovative of the moto-reducer set evolved:

It consists of a set compact motor reducer, with a first phase of epicycloidal type reduction to transmit movement from the pneumatic motor until the final phase of screw reduction Endless, where the rotor (1) of the pneumatic motor exerts the sun gear function of the epicyclic reducer, and the worm shaft (21), of the final reducer, exerts the function of satellite carrier of said epicyclic reducer.

The location of the epicyclic reducer inside of the set can also be considered special and innovative, since which is fully integrated into what is usually the exclusive physical space for the pieces that make up the Endless screw end reducer. We can consider as the center of the screw reducer Endless gear zone between screw shaft Endless (21) and endless crown axis (28), axes that form an angle of 90 ° to each other. How can it can be seen in figure 1, all the parts that comprise the epicyclic reducer (20, 24, 22, 23 and serrated 1) are found housed inside the worm screw shaft (21), already that the bearing (19) supporting said screw shaft Endless (21) is located in one more position outside the worm gear itself that the mentioned parts of the epicycloidal reducer. With this solution a much more compact reducer body is achieved and with a number of parts smaller than if the epicyclic reducer had been located to the right of the bearing (19) according to the figure.

The solution of the previous point, next to the new one coaxial condition between the rotor (1) of the pneumatic motor and the worm screw shaft (21) of the final reducer, it also allows us a greater integration of the components of the pneumatic motor (1, 3, 4, 6, 14) with the gearbox body (18), which allows us to obtain a set motor-reducer of dimensions much more compact than in the previous model.

The new pneumatic motor is composed basically by the already known rotor (1), the motor body (3), the rear cover (6) housing the bearing (10), the front cover (14) housing the bearing (16), and the motor housing (4) that houses and keeps pieces 3, 6, centered on the outside, 14 together with the left outer socket of the gear unit body (18).

Naturally, pieces 3, 6 and 14 incorporate the internal connection ducts between them, the necessary ones sealing elements and part 6 also incorporates air connections with the outside. The rotor (1) accommodates the corresponding pallets (2). All these details are part of known technology and, at the moment, it does not seem necessary detail them more accurately.

As can be seen in Figure 1, it is no longer there is, as in the previous model, an intermediate flange and specific for the mutual anchoring of two bodies clearly differentiated, such as the pneumatic motor body and the body of Reducers The way in which the integration has been carried out and anchoring of the basic parts of the engine body pneumatic (3, 4, 6 and 14), with respect to the body of reducers (18), are also claims as can be seen below.

It can be seen that a part of the lid front (14) of the pneumatic motor is housed in the interior of the gear unit body (18), serving as lateral support of retention for the bearing (19) of the screw shaft endless (21), and exerting pressure on said bearing (19) to keep the crown gear immobilized (20) of the epicycloidal reducer against an internal step of the body of reducers (18). The motor body (3) and the back cover (6) go successively resting on the front cover (14), elements that they are held externally in a position of mutual coaxiality and with the gearbox body (18) by means of the motor housing (4), as It was explained previously. This centered external parts, plus the inner centering of the front cover (14) with the body of reducers (18), guarantee the necessary coaxiality between the rotor (1) pneumatic motor and worm shaft (twenty-one).

To get all parts of the motor body tire (3, 4, 6, 14) are firmly tied together and with the body of reducers (18), we use a series of bolts (11), whose heads rest on the outside of the back cover (6), and whose reeds, in addition to crossing this lid, also do it with the motor body (3) and the front cover (14), to end threading in the body of reducers (18). These bolts (11) are applied the necessary tightening torque for the entire package of pieces to form  a single motor body perfectly integrated with the body of reducers (18). At the same time, said bolts (11) perform the function of maintaining the correct relative angular position between the Pieces 3, 6 and 14.

Another effective method, to tie the whole package of parts, consists of incorporating a step into the motor housing (4) inside on its right side, to fit on the outside (right) with the back cover (6), picking it up from behind, and, said housing motor (4), thread internally on its left side with the body of reducers (18), in the area where it is now only fitted. This method forces to incorporate an additional element to maintain the relative angular position between parts 3, 6 and 14.

Another novel detail of this set pneumatic motor reducer is in the possibility of carry out an eventual manual emergency operation before a failure of the pneumatic motor or compressed air supply That makes it work.

As can be seen in Figure 1, the side Left axle worm screw (21) rests on the bearing (25) which, in turn, is held in position by the retaining ring (26). The left end of the screw shaft Endless (21) is carved with hexagonal shape and comes out outside the gearbox body (18), this being closed accommodation thanks to oil seal (27). About the mentioned hexagonal projection, we can attach a standard tool to carry out a possible emergency manual operation. At the level of internal work of the mechanism, said manual drive it we would be doing at a point after the first reduction (epicycloidal) and before the second reduction (screw without finish).

The use of an epicycloidal reduction, as the first phase of reduction, it allows a much better balanced dynamic rotor (1) of the pneumatic motor, since it now transmits the effort to two satellite gears (24) positioned symmetrically about him. This is a very important detail. for a rotary machine that can reach about 15,000 r.p.m., eliminating parasitic efforts that would decrease durability and device performance, in addition to generating a high level of noise and vibrations

The use of an epicycloidal reduction, as the first phase of reduction, it allows setting a higher first reduction ratio, occupying a reasonable space, than in the Old simple reduction by pair of gears. By increasing the reduction ratio of the first phase, is substantially reduced the speed of entry to the second phase of screw reduction endless. Device, the latter, which is not mechanically suited to work with high speeds of entry. The advantages obtained are of a similar type to those of the point previous.

The fact of having been able to integrate the reducer epicycloidal within the screw reducer itself endless and, as a consequence of this, have been able to directly connect the pneumatic motor to the gearbox body (18), without any intermediate anchor flange, allows us get a moto-reducer set much more compact than the previous one, with much smaller overall dimensions, remove a large number of parts (flanges, caps, cashiers bearing, etc ...) and facilitate assembly assembly. All This translates into a reduction in product cost and greater ease for the customer to install the product in their vehicle.

Having introduced the possibility of performing an emergency manual drive, can be continued his work, although in an eventually slower way.

A pneumatic motor reducer is claimed, for the actuation of various mechanisms when the direct source of energy is compressed air, with a reversible pneumatic vane motor and two successive phases for speed reduction, which incorporates an initial phase of reduction of epicycloidal type to transmit the movement from the pneumatic motor to the final worm reduction phase, where the rotor (1) of the pneumatic motor also performs the sun gear function of the epicyclic reducer, and the worm shaft (21), of the final reducer, exerts the additional function of satellite carrier of said epicycloidal reducer; in addition, it integrates the epicyclic reducer within the worm gear itself, since the parts comprising the epicycloidal reducer (20, 24, 22, and 23), including also the toothed end of the rotor shaft (1), they are housed within the worm shaft (21), and the bearing (19) supporting said worm shaft (21) is located in a position more external to the worm reducer itself than those mentioned epicyclic reducer parts; the front cover (14) of the pneumatic motor is partially and directly housed inside the gearbox body (18), serving as a lateral retaining support for the bearing (19) of the worm shaft (21), and exerting a pressure on said bearing (19) to keep the crown gear (20) of the epicyclic reducer immobilized against an internal step of the reducer body (18); the motor body (3) and the rear cover (6) are successively supported on the front cover (14), and that all of them are maintained in a position of mutual coaxiality and with the gearbox body (18) by means of the motor housing (4); the constituent parts of the pneumatic motor body (3, 4, 6, 14) can be firmly tied together and with the gearbox body (18), by means of a series of bolts (11), whose heads rest on the outside of the cover rear (6), and whose rods, in addition to crossing said cover, also do it with the motor body (3) and the front cover (14), to end threading on the gearbox body (18) with the appropriate tightening torque , at the same time that said bolts (11) perform the function of maintaining the correct relative angular position between pieces 3, 6 and 14; the constituent parts of the pneumatic motor body (3, 4, 6, 14) can be firmly tied together and with the gearbox body (18), by means of a motor housing (4) which, on the one hand, rests on the outer face from the rear cover (6) and, on the other hand, be threaded to the gearbox body (18); Direct mounting of the front cover (14) and the motor housing (4) to the gearbox body (18) eliminates the need to use a specific intermediate flange for the connection between the pneumatic motor and the gearbox body; The free end of the worm shaft (21) is carved with hexagonal shape and comes out of the gearbox body (18), this housing being closed thanks to the oil seal (27), in order to carry out a possible manual operation of emergency attaching a standard tool on said carving
hexagonal.

It is susceptible of industrial application in the manufacture of pneumatic motors.

Claims (8)

1. Pneumatic motor reducer, for driving various mechanisms when the direct source of energy is compressed air, with a reversible pneumatic vane motor and two successive phases for speed reduction, characterized in that it incorporates an initial phase of reduction of epicycloidal type to transmit the movement from the pneumatic motor to the final worm reduction phase, where the rotor (1) of the pneumatic motor also performs the sun gear function of the epicyclic reducer, and the worm shaft (21), of the final reducer, exerts the additional function of satellite carrier of said epicycloidal reducer. 2. Pneumatic motor reducer, according to claim 1, characterized in that it integrates the epicyclic reducer within the worm gear itself, since the parts comprising the epicycloidal reducer (20, 24, 22, and 23), further including the Toothed at the end of the rotor shaft (1), they are housed within the worm shaft (21), and the bearing (19) supporting said worm shaft (21) is located in a more outer position to the worm gear itself than the aforementioned parts of the epicyclic reducer. 3. Pneumatic motor reducer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the front cover (14) of the pneumatic motor is partially and directly housed inside the gear unit body (18), serving as a lateral retention support for the bearing (19) of the worm shaft (21), and exerting a pressure on said bearing (19) to keep the crown gear (20) of the epicyclic reducer immobilized against an internal step of the reducer body (18). 4. Pneumatic motor reducer according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the motor body (3) and the rear cover (6) are successively supported on the front cover (14), and that all of them are kept in a coaxial position with each other and with the gear unit body (18) by means of the motor housing (4). 5. Pneumatic motor reducer according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the constituent parts of the pneumatic motor body (3, 4, 6, 14) can be firmly tied together and with the body of reducers (18), by means of a series of bolts (11), whose heads rest on the outside of the rear cover (6), and whose rods, in addition to crossing said cover, also do so with the motor body (3) and the front cover (14), to end up threading on the gear unit body (18) with the appropriate tightening torque, at the same time as said bolts (11) perform the function of maintaining the correct relative angular position between parts 3, 6 and 14. 6. Pneumatic motor reducer according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the constituent parts of the pneumatic motor body (3, 4, 6, 14) can be firmly tied together and with the gear unit body (18), by means of a motor housing (4) which, on the one hand, rests on the outer face of the rear cover (6) and, on the other side, is threaded to the gearbox body (18). 7. Pneumatic motor reducer according to claim 1 and one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the direct mounting of the front cover (14) and the motor housing (4) to the gearbox body (18) eliminates the need to use a specific intermediate flange for the connection between the pneumatic motor and the gearbox body. 8. Pneumatic motor reducer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the free end of the worm shaft (21) is carved in a hexagonal shape and exits the outside of the gear unit body (18), this housing being closed thanks to the oil seal (27), to be able to carry out a possible emergency manual operation by coupling a standard tool on said hexagonal carving.