ES2257177A1 - Exercise equipment for trainees, has two elastic structures joined to mechanical fixture - Google Patents

Exercise equipment for trainees, has two elastic structures joined to mechanical fixture

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Publication number
ES2257177A1
ES2257177A1 ES200402231A ES200402231A ES2257177A1 ES 2257177 A1 ES2257177 A1 ES 2257177A1 ES 200402231 A ES200402231 A ES 200402231A ES 200402231 A ES200402231 A ES 200402231A ES 2257177 A1 ES2257177 A1 ES 2257177A1
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Spain
Prior art keywords
subject
practicing
training device
elastic means
resistance
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Granted
Application number
ES200402231A
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Spanish (es)
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ES2257177B1 (en
Inventor
Rafael Aranda Malaves
Juan Merce Cervera
Gabriel Brizuela Costa
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Universitat de Valencia
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Universitat de Valencia
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Priority to ES200402231A priority Critical patent/ES2257177B1/en
Publication of ES2257177A1 publication Critical patent/ES2257177A1/en
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Publication of ES2257177B1 publication Critical patent/ES2257177B1/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/02—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters
    • A63B21/055—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters extension element type
    • A63B21/0552—Elastic ropes or bands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/28—Devices for two persons operating in opposition or in cooperation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/002—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for football
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0028—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for running, jogging or speed-walking
    • A63B69/0035—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for running, jogging or speed-walking on the spot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0057—Means for physically limiting movements of body parts

Abstract

The equipment has two elastic structures joined to a mechanical fixture. In operation, the trainee and his/her partner hold the fixture through the elastic structures and synchronously receive resistance forces with horizontal components provided by the elastic structures.

Description

Método y dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo.Training method and device sports.

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de entrenamiento deportivo para equipos formados por varios jugadores que participan coordinadamente en el juego.The present invention relates to a system of sports training for teams consisting of several players who participate in coordination in the game.

Más concretamente, la presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo que suministra una predeterminada fuerza entre un jugador que se desplaza con respecto a otros jugadores de su mismo equipó cuando se desplaza con respecto a un punto fijo o varios al cual todos los jugadores están ligados.More specifically, the present invention is refers to a sports training device that supplies a predetermined force between a player who moves with compared to other players of the same team when he moves with respect to a fixed point or several to which all players they are connected.

Estado de la técnicaState of the art

El entrenamiento de la fuerza en fútbol, y en todos los deportes que solicitan acciones rápidas requiere la utilización de cargas altas de entrenamiento. Sin embargo, en competición no siempre se realizan los mismos movimientos que cuando se levantan cargas altas en los entrenamientos, y muchas veces estos movimientos no se realizan a la misma velocidad. El aumento de fuerza que se produce con el entrenamiento no siempre se traduce en un aumento de la velocidad en competición, ya que el efecto del entrenamiento es específico del gesto o movimiento entrenado. Para que haya una transferencia positiva del entrenamiento a la competición, los movimientos del entrenamiento deben ser lo más parecidos posible a los de competición, y ello implica la utilización del balón en el caso del fútbol u otros deportes de balón/pelota, el cual hace que el futbolista o balonmanista, tenista,... realice los movimientos adaptándose a la situación de juego, realizando movimientos no estrictamente asemejados, sino adaptándose a la situación táctica.Strength training in football, and in All sports that request quick action require the use of high training loads. However, in competition does not always perform the same movements as when high loads are lifted in training, and many times These movements are not performed at the same speed. Increasing of strength that occurs with training does not always translate in an increase of the speed in competition, since the effect of Training is specific to the gesture or movement trained. For that there is a positive transfer of training to the competition, training movements should be the most similar to those of competition, and that implies use of the ball in the case of football or other sports ball / ball, which makes the player or handball player, tennis player, ... perform the movements adapting to the situation of game, making movements not strictly similar, but adapting to the tactical situation.

Por lo tanto, en el entrenamiento de fútbol y otros deportes análogos (con adversario/s y/o compañero/s) los entrenadores no han solucionado aún el problema de entrenar la fuerza en situación específica de juego, similar a la competición.Therefore, in soccer training and other similar sports (with opponent / s and / or partner / s) the coaches have not yet solved the problem of training the strength in specific game situation, similar to the competition.

La competición en fútbol dura noventa minutos, en los que el futbolista realiza un esfuerzo caracterizado por su intermitencia y por englobar acciones de diferente intensidad. De todas ellas, son las acciones realizadas a alta intensidad, las cuales requieren una alta manifestación de fuerza y fuerza explosiva, las que parecen ser determinantes, basándonos en el hecho de que son las diferencias en la capacidad para manifestar fuerza máxima y fuerza explosiva las que diferencian a los jugadores de distinta categoría, siendo los de mayor categoría los que tienen mayor rendimiento en estas manifestaciones de fuerza.The football competition lasts ninety minutes, in which the player makes an effort characterized by his intermittence and for encompassing actions of different intensity. From all of them are the actions carried out at high intensity, the which require a high manifestation of strength and strength explosive, the ones that seem to be decisive, based on the fact that are the differences in the ability to manifest strength maximum and explosive force that differentiate players from different category, being the highest category those who have greater performance in these manifestations of force.

La fuerza es importante en las acciones que, realiza el futbolista, saltos, entradas, golpeos, regates, cambios de dirección, y sobretodo, aceleraciones en distancias cortas.Strength is important in actions that, perform the footballer, jumps, tickets, hits, dribbles, changes of direction, and above all, accelerations over short distances.

Existen varios productos y procedimientos que se han utilizado para la mejora de la fuerza con el objetivo final de mejorar el rendimiento en las aceleraciones.There are several products and procedures that are have used for strength improvement with the ultimate goal of Improve acceleration performance.

Las máquinas de las salas de musculación y los pesos libres (discos, barras y mancuernas) han sido los más utilizados, y provenientes de otros deportes, han sido aplicados al entrenamiento de fútbol.The machines in the weight rooms and the free weights (discs, bars and dumbbells) have been the most used, and coming from other sports, have been applied to soccer training.

Todos estos medios de entrenamiento enumerados previamente se caracterizan por aprovechar la fuerza de la gravedad como fuente de sobrecarga o de resistencia extra, la cual debe vencer el deportista aplicando una mayor fuerza muscular. La dirección de la fuerza de la gravedad es vertical, y por lo tanto la fuerza extra que ha de aplicar el sujeto para vencerla tiene también una dirección vertical.All these training means listed previously characterized by harnessing the force of gravity as a source of overload or extra resistance, which should beat the athlete by applying greater muscular strength. The direction of the force of gravity is vertical, and therefore the extra force that the subject has to apply to overcome it has also a vertical direction.

Sin embargo, en el caso de la capacidad de aceleración, interesa que el deportista se entrene para mejorar su aceleración en dirección horizontal, por lo que la resistencia o carga extra que proporciona el medio de entrenamiento interesa que sea en mayor medida horizontal que vertical.However, in the case of the ability to acceleration, it is interesting that the athlete is trained to improve his acceleration in the horizontal direction, so that the resistance or extra load provided by the training means that be more horizontal than vertical.

Otro proceso de entrenamiento ha sido utilizado también importado de otros deportes y ha tenido un amplio calado en el fútbol, es el caso del entrenamiento pliométrico (fundamentalmente saltos), la fuerza que ha de vencer el deportista tiene una componente vertical que es mayor que la componente horizontal.Another training process has been used also imported from other sports and has had a wide draft in football is the case of plyometric training (fundamentally jumps), the force that the athlete has to overcome it has a vertical component that is larger than the component horizontal.

Por tanto, se hace necesario desarrollar un sistema de entrenamiento específico para los deportes de equipo donde varios jugadores se desplazan de forma coordinada y en conjunto, utilizando el mínimo número de dispositivos de entrenamiento que favorezca el entrenamiento de la velocidad de desplazamiento y, en concreto, que la componente horizontal de la fuerza que ha de vencer el deportista sea mayor que la componente vertical de la fuerza.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a specific training system for team sports where several players move in a coordinated way and in set, using the minimum number of devices training that favors the speed training of displacement and, specifically, that the horizontal component of the force to be overcome by the athlete is greater than the component vertical force.

Caracterización de la invenciónCharacterization of the invention

La presente invención busca resolver o reducir uno o más de los inconvenientes expuestos anteriormente por medio de un método de entrenamiento deportivo como es reivindicada en la reivindicación 1. Realizaciones de la invención son establecidas en las reivindicaciones dependientes.The present invention seeks to solve or reduce one or more of the problems set forth above by of a sports training method as claimed in the claim 1. Embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

Un objeto de la presente invención es implementar un método de entrenamiento que aumenta específicamente la capacidad de aceleración, como resultado se aumenta la velocidad del desplazamiento.An object of the present invention is to implement a training method that specifically increases capacity acceleration, as a result the speed of the displacement.

Otro objeto de la presente invención es que el jugador ejecute gestos repetibles del juego que practica en coordinación con otros jugadores de su equipo, adecuando estos gestos espacio-temporalmente a la variación en la situación de juego.Another object of the present invention is that the player execute repeatable gestures of the game he practices in coordination with other players of your team, adapting these gestures space-temporarily to variation in the game situation.

Aún otro objeto de la presente invención es sobrecargar específicamente las estructuras anatómicas de las piernas, sin sobrecargar las del tronco.Still another object of the present invention is specifically overload the anatomical structures of legs, without overloading the trunk.

Otro objeto de la presente invención es proporcionar un sistema en el que el deportista tenga que vencer una fuerza en el que la componente horizontal sea mayor que la horizontal.Another object of the present invention is provide a system in which the athlete has to beat a force in which the horizontal component is greater than the horizontal.

Aún otro objeto de la presente invención es proporcionar un sistema y medios de entrenamiento que permitan libertad de movimiento en una pluralidad de direcciones, en ambos sentidos del movimiento de desplazamiento con resistencia adicional en ambos sentidos del desplazamiento.Still another object of the present invention is provide a training system and means that allow freedom of movement in a plurality of directions, in both directions of movement with additional resistance in both directions of displacement.

Otro objeto además de la presente invención es proporcionar un sistema y medios que permita al jugador realizar movimientos de alejamiento y acercamiento con grados de libertad de desplazamiento en el plano horizontal, y que todos estos desplazamientos se realicen mediatizados por una fuerza que ejerce el medio de entrenamiento sobre el jugador, independientemente del tipo de desplazamiento que realice el jugador.Another object besides the present invention is provide a system and means that allow the player to perform movements of distance and approach with degrees of freedom of displacement in the horizontal plane, and that all these displacements are made mediated by a force that exerts the means of training on the player, regardless of type of movement the player makes.

Otro objeto además de la presente invención es disponer de un sistema que permite entrenamientos interrelacionados con otros jugadores, realizando movimientos con una sobrecarga, contra una resistencia que le hace manifestar la fuerza muscular en situaciones repetibles de juego.Another object besides the present invention is have a system that allows interrelated workouts with other players, making movements with an overload, against a resistance that makes him manifest muscular strength in Repeatable game situations.

Breve enunciado de las figurasBrief statement of the figures

Ahora serán descritos dispositivos que materializan la invención, a modo de ejemplo solamente, con referencia a los dibujos esquemáticos adjuntos, en los que:Now devices will be described that they materialize the invention, by way of example only, with reference to the attached schematic drawings, in which:

- la figura 1 representación vectorial de las fuerzas que desencadena la acción muscular; A: en un apoyo de marcha o carrera; B: fuerza que ejerce un medio elástico sobre un punto al ser estirada; C: en un apoyo de marcha ó carrera con una goma anclada a la cintura de un sujeto en el lado contrario al sentido del desplazamiento de acuerdo a la invención,- Figure 1 vector representation of the forces that trigger muscle action; A: in a support of gait or career; B: force exerted by an elastic means on a point to be stretched; C: in a march or race support with a rubber anchored to the waist of a subject on the side opposite to direction of travel according to the invention,

- la figura 2 ilustra esquemáticamente el dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo de acuerdo a la invención,- Figure 2 schematically illustrates the sports training device according to the invention,

- la figura 3 ilustra esquemáticamente el dispositivo de entrenamiento enlazando varios jugadores de acuerdo a la invención,- Figure 3 schematically illustrates the training device linking several players according to the invention,

- la figura 4 ilustra esquemáticamente el dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo enlazando varios jugadores y uno de ellos desplazado del resto de acuerdo a la invención, y- Figure 4 schematically illustrates the sports training device linking several players and one of them displaced from the rest according to the invention, and

- la figura 5 ilustra diferentes elementos incluidos en el dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo de acuerdo a la invención.- Figure 5 illustrates different elements included in the sports training device according to the invention.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

A continuación, con referencia a la figura 2, se encuentra esquemáticamente ilustrado un dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo para deportistas que se entrenan colectivamente, de manera que practican situaciones repetibles de juego relativas a un deporte practicado colectivamente.Next, with reference to Figure 2, schematically illustrated a device of sports training for athletes who train collectively, so that they practice repeatable situations of game related to a sport practiced collectively.

El dispositivo de entrenamiento comprende medios 11 fijos de fijación mecánica a modo de un anclaje, tal como un poste de una portería de un campo de fútbol al que se sujeta un extremo proximal de un primer medio 12 elástico, tal como un cordón elástico. El extremo proximal del primer 12 cordón se ancla al poste 11 por medio de un primer 13 medio de cierre que abraza al poste 11. El otro extremo distal del primer 12 cordón es sujetado a un segundo 14 medio de cierre tal como un cinturón que a su vez rodea la cintura de un primer jugador.The training device comprises means 11 fixed mechanical fixation as an anchor, such as a goalpost of a soccer field to which a proximal end of a first elastic means 12, such as a cord elastic. The proximal end of the first 12 cord is anchored to the post 11 by means of a first 13 closing means that hugs the post 11. The other distal end of the first 12 cord is attached to a second 14 means of closure such as a belt that in turn surround the waist of a first player.

A continuación, se hace referencia a las figuras 1 y 2, donde se observa que tanto el elemento fijo 11 de fijación mecánico como el primer 12 cordón elástico añaden una fuerza resistente que ha de ser vencida por el jugador en una situación repetible del juego.Next, reference is made to the figures 1 and 2, where it is observed that both the fixed fixing element 11 mechanical as the first 12 elastic cord add a force resistant to be defeated by the player in a situation Repeatable game.

En referencia a las figuras 2, 3 y 5, el dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo incluye también una pluralidad de segundos 21 medios elásticos intermedios que pueden ser utilizados para unir entre sí varios jugadores, esto es, unidos dos a dos. Donde un extremo proximal de un segundo 21 cordón intermedio se sujeta en un anclaje 52 del cinturón 14 del primer jugador y el extremo distal se fija a un cinturón 14 de un segundo jugador.Referring to figures 2, 3 and 5, the sports training device also includes a plurality of seconds 21 intermediate elastic means that can be used to join several players together, that is, united two to two. Where a proximal end of a second 21 cord intermediate is fastened in an anchor 52 of the belt 14 of the first player and the distal end is fixed to a belt 14 of a second player.

Así, en cada cinturón 14 puede estar unido a una pluralidad de cordones 21 intermedios y/o al menos a un primer medio 12 elástico, de manera que en una situación repetible de juego, un jugador tiene que vencer la resistencia que ejercen los elementos 11 fijos de fijación y la que proporcionan los jugadores a los que está unido el jugador que inicia un desplazamiento longitudinal a través de los cordones 21
intermedios.Thus, in each belt 14 it can be attached to a plurality of intermediate cords 21 and / or at least to a first elastic means 12, so that in a repeatable game situation, a player has to overcome the resistance exerted by the elements 11 fixed fixation and the one provided by the players to which the player initiating a longitudinal displacement through the cords 21 is attached
intermediate.

El desplazamiento de dicho jugador se ve favorecido cuando el resto de compañeros, a los que está unido, inician un desplazamiento sustancialmente longitudinal en el mismo sentido. En caso contrario, esto es, no inician un desplazamiento y/o se desplazan en sentido distinto al jugador que ha iniciado un desplazamiento, la componente horizontal de la fuerza que ha de vencer dicho jugador se ve sustancialmente incrementada.The displacement of said player is seen favored when the rest of the classmates, to whom he is attached, initiate a substantially longitudinal displacement therein sense. Otherwise, that is, they do not initiate a shift and / or move differently to the player who has initiated a displacement, the horizontal component of the force to be Beating that player is substantially increased.

En relación ahora con las figuras 3 y 4, se ha de observar que varios jugadores pueden estar unidos entre sí y a uno o varios elementos 11 fijos de fijación por medio de un conjunto de primeros 12 y segundos 21 cordones.In relation now to figures 3 and 4, it has to note that several players can be linked to each other and one or several fixed fixing elements 11 by means of a set of first 12 and second 21 cords.

La longitud y elasticidad del primer 12 y segundo 21 cordón permite un alejamiento del elemento 11 fijo de fijación y de otros compañeros elevado, lo cual permite llegar a cualquier punto de un terreno de juego, según las propiedades elásticas del material utilizado en la fabricación de los cordones 11, 21, permitiendo mayor o menor libertad de movimiento.The length and elasticity of the first 12 and second 21 cord allows for a distance from the fixed fixing element 11 and from other high classmates, which allows to reach any point of a pitch, according to the elastic properties of the material used in the manufacture of cords 11, 21, allowing more or less freedom of movement.

El hecho de qué los cordones 11, 12 sean independientes de los elementos 11 fijos de fijación y que los sistemas mecanismos 51, 52, 53 y 54 de fijación de los cordones 11, 21 a los cinturones 13, 14 sean fácilmente manejables permite la ubicación de cualquier tipo de dispositivo de medición de fuerza, tal como un dinamómetro, galga extensiométrica, o similar, intercalado entre los diferentes elementos del dispositivo de entrenamiento, lo cual permite conocer instantáneamente la fuerza ejercida por la interacción elástico-jugador.The fact that the cords 11, 12 are independent of fixed fixing elements 11 and that mechanisms systems 51, 52, 53 and 54 of fixing the cords 11, 21 to belts 13, 14 being easily manageable allows the location of any type of force measuring device, such as a dynamometer, strain gauge, or the like, sandwiched between the different elements of the device training, which allows you to instantly know the strength exerted by the elastic-player interaction.

Los cordones 11, 12 elásticos pueden ser realizados mediante materiales elásticos tal como los utilizados en las denominadas coloquialmente "gomas quirúrgicas", aunque pueden utilizarse otros materiales de propiedades similares.The elastic laces 11, 12 can be made using elastic materials such as those used in colloquially called "surgical gums", although Other materials of similar properties can be used.

En relación ahora con la figura 5, cada primer 12 cordón se une por su extremo proximal a una cinta 13 que a su vez se une al poste 11 de la portería. Por el extremo distal se une al elemento 14 de sujeción al jugador y que se coloca el deportista en la cintura.In relation now to figure 5, each first 12 cord is attached at its proximal end to a tape 13 which in turn joins post 11 of the goal. By the distal end it joins the element 14 of subjection to the player and that the athlete is placed in the waist.

La resistencia que ofrecen los cordones 21 intermedios es conocida, ya que se calibra previamente en un laboratorio, pudiendo alcanzar más de 150 Newtons cada uno. Cuando se utilizan varios cordones 21 intermedios sobre el mismo jugador se aumenta la fuerza elástica que ejerce sobre el cinturón 14 de sujeción al sujeto y a cada elemento 11 de fijación.The resistance offered by the cords 21 intermediates is known, since it is previously calibrated in a laboratory, being able to reach more than 150 Newtons each. When several intermediate 21 cords are used on the same player the elastic force exerted on the belt 14 of subject to the subject and to each fixing element 11.

Mediante este dispositivo se entrenan los movimientos de grupos de jugadores de forma colectiva y en situaciones de juego integradas o interrelacionadas.Through this device the movements of groups of players collectively and in integrated or interrelated game situations.

Los movimientos en esta situación deben ser rápidos y explosivos, consistiendo en aceleraciones rápidas.The movements in this situation must be fast and explosive, consisting of rapid accelerations.

La utilización del dispositivo por parte de varios deportistas o jugadores a la vez sincronizando sus movimientos.The use of the device by several athletes or players simultaneously synchronizing their movements.

El dispositivo permite al deportista o jugador desplazarse adelante y atrás sin obstaculización del movimiento de vuelta atrás por parte del mismo.The device allows the athlete or player move back and forth without impeding the movement of Turn back on the part of it.

Se ha de observar que para realizar una mejor descripción del presente invento se ha utilizado el deporte del fútbol como un ejemplo, pudiéndose usar el invento en otros deportes de equipo o también individuales -por ej. Tenis-. La cuestión es que el deportista se tenga que mover en función del juego del adversario y el dispositivo le permite entrenar la fuerza sin perder libertad de movimiento. Un técnico en el campo del invento puede hacer variaciones evidentes a fin de utilizarlo en otros deportes de equipo.It should be noted that to perform a better description of the present invention the sport of football as an example, being able to use the invention in others team or individual sports - for example. Tennis-. The issue is that the athlete has to move according to the adversary game and the device allows you to train the strength Without losing freedom of movement. A technician in the field of invention can make obvious variations in order to use it in Other team sports.

Claims (11)

1. Dispositivo de entrenamiento deportivo que comprende una pluralidad de primeros (12) y segundos (21) medios elásticos y medios (11) fijos de fijación mecánica; caracterizado porque un extremo proximal del primer (12) medio elástico está adaptado para ser sujetado al medio (11) fijo de fijación, el extremo distal del primer (12) medio elástico está adaptado para ser sujetado a un sujeto practicante de un juego individual o de equipo y un extremo proximal del segundo (21) medio elástico está configurado para ser sujetado también al sujeto practicante y el extrema distal del segundo (21) medio elástico está configurado también para ser sujetado a un compañero del sujeto practicante, de manera que para reducir la fuerza, en dirección horizontal, que ha de vencer el sujeto practicante cuando realiza un desplazamiento sustancialmente longitudinal se ha de desplazar también de forma sincronizada el compañero del sujeto practicante al que está unido por el segundo (21) medio elástico.1. Sports training device comprising a plurality of first (12) and second (21) elastic means and fixed means (11) of mechanical fixation; characterized in that a proximal end of the first (12) elastic means is adapted to be attached to the fixed fixing means (11), the distal end of the first (12) elastic means is adapted to be attached to a subject practicing a single set or of equipment and a proximal end of the second (21) elastic means is configured to also be attached to the practicing subject and the distal end of the second (21) elastic means is also configured to be attached to a fellow of the practicing subject, so that for reducing the force, in the horizontal direction, that the practicing subject has to overcome when making a substantially longitudinal displacement, the companion of the practicing subject to which it is attached by the second elastic means (21) must also be synchronously displaced. 2. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1; caracterizado porque el dispositivo de entrenamiento está adaptado para ofrecer resistencia al desplazamiento, en dirección horizontal, del sujeto practicante, de manera que la fuerza de resistencia tiene una componente vertical reducida, previniendo sobrecargar las estructuras del tronco de los sujetos.2. Training device according to claim 1; characterized in that the training device is adapted to offer resistance to displacement, in the horizontal direction, of the practicing subject, so that the resistance force has a reduced vertical component, preventing overloading the trunk structures of the subjects. 3. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 2; caracterizado porque el dispositivo de entrenamiento ofrece resistencia al desplazamiento del sujeto en movimientos sucesivos, incluso tras volver a la posición de partida.3. Training device according to claim 2; characterized in that the training device offers resistance to the movement of the subject in successive movements, even after returning to the starting position. 4. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 3; caracterizado porque el dispositivo de entrenamiento está adaptado para ofrecer resistencia al movimiento del sujeto sin obligar a que el sujeto siga una trayectoria predefinida sustancialmente rectilínea.4. Training device according to claim 3; characterized in that the training device is adapted to offer resistance to the movement of the subject without forcing the subject to follow a predefined path substantially rectilinear. 5. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 4; caracterizado porque el dispositivo de entrenamiento permite la sincronización de los desplazamientos simultáneos de varios sujetos.5. Training device according to claim 4; characterized in that the training device allows synchronization of simultaneous movements of several subjects. 6. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 5; caracterizado porque los primeros (12) y segundos (21) medios elásticos pueden ofrecer diferente grado de resistencia al movimiento de los sujetos practicantes interrelacionados por ellos utilizando medios elásticos de distintas propiedades.6. Training device according to claim 5; characterized in that the first (12) and second (21) elastic means can offer different degrees of resistance to the movement of the interrelated practicing subjects using elastic means of different properties. 7. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 6; caracterizado porque los segundos (21) medios elásticos están adaptados para unir una pluralidad de compañeros al sujeto practicante que realiza un desplazamiento sustancialmente rectilíneo, de manera que la fuerza de, resistencia aumenta o disminuye sobre la base de compañeros unidos al sujeto practicante.7. Training device according to claim 6; characterized in that the second (21) elastic means are adapted to join a plurality of partners to the practicing subject that performs a substantially rectilinear displacement, so that the strength of, resistance increases or decreases on the basis of partners attached to the practicing subject. 8. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 7; caracterizado, porque los primeros (12) y segundos (21) medios elásticos están configurados para intercalar medios de medida de la fuerza.8. Training device according to claim 7; characterized in that the first (12) and second (21) elastic means are configured to interleave means for measuring force. 9. Dispositivo de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 8; caracterizado porque los primeros (12) y segundos (21) medios elásticos están adaptados para individualizar la resistencia que ofrecen a cada sujeto practicante de un desplazamiento.9. Training device according to claim 8; characterized in that the first (12) and second (21) elastic means are adapted to individualize the resistance offered to each subject practicing a displacement. 10. Método de entrenamiento deportivo para equipos compuestos por más de un sujeto practicante que utilizan una pluralidad de primeros (12) y segundos (21) medios elásticos y medios (11) fijos de fijación mecánica; caracterizado porque el método comprende los pasos de:10. Sports training method for teams composed of more than one practicing subject using a plurality of first (12) and second (21) elastic means and fixed means (11) of mechanical fixation; characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
--
unión de al menos un sujeto practicante al medio (11) fijo de fijación por medio del primer (12) medio elástico,Union of at least one practicing subject to the fixed fixing means (11) by means of the first (12) elastic means,
--
unión de al menos un compañero del sujeto practicante al sujeto practicante por medio del segundo (21) medio elástico,Union from at least one partner of the practicing subject to the subject Practitioner through the second (21) elastic medium,
--
reducción de la componente horizontal de la fuerza de resistencia que ha de vencer el sujeto practicante cuando realiza un desplazamiento sustancialmente longitudinal, sí los compañeros que están unidos al sujeto practicante se desplazan sincronizadamente con él.reduction of the horizontal component of the strength of resistance to be overcome by the practicing subject when you perform a substantially longitudinal displacement, yes the partners who are attached to the practicing subject move in sync with him.
11. Método de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la reivindicación 10; caracterizado porque el método incluye también el paso de unir al menos un compañero del sujeto practicante al medio (11) fijo de fijación por medio de un primer (12) medio elástico.11. Training method according to claim 10; characterized in that the method also includes the step of joining at least one partner of the practicing subject to the fixed fixing means (11) by means of a first (12) elastic means.
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