ES2253990B1 - PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING HYDROGEN AND SYSTEM THAT APPLIES SUCH PROCEDURE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING HYDROGEN AND SYSTEM THAT APPLIES SUCH PROCEDURE. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2253990B1 ES2253990B1 ES200401653A ES200401653A ES2253990B1 ES 2253990 B1 ES2253990 B1 ES 2253990B1 ES 200401653 A ES200401653 A ES 200401653A ES 200401653 A ES200401653 A ES 200401653A ES 2253990 B1 ES2253990 B1 ES 2253990B1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100420946 Caenorhabditis elegans sea-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
- C01B13/0207—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
- C01B3/045—Decomposition of water in gaseous phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0877—Liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/61—Application for hydrogen and/or oxygen production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento de obtención de hidrógeno y sistema que aplica dicho procedimiento. Procedimiento de obtención de hidrógeno que se caracteriza porque comprende las etapas de evaporar agua con aportación de energía procedente de fuentes renovables y de llevar a cabo la disociación de dicha agua, en forma líquida o de vapor, mediante la aportación de energía procedente de fuentes renovables. Sistema que aplica dicho procedimiento, que se caracteriza porque comprende medios para la obtención de agua, medios para la obtención de vapor de dicha agua a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables y medios para la disociación de dicha agua, en forma líquida o de vapor, a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables. Se trata de un procedimiento y sistema sostenible y limpio.Procedure for obtaining hydrogen and the system that applies said procedure. Process for obtaining hydrogen that is characterized in that it comprises the stages of evaporating water with energy input from renewable sources and carrying out the dissociation of said water, in liquid or vapor form, by means of the contribution of energy from renewable sources . System that applies said procedure, characterized in that it comprises means for obtaining water, means for obtaining steam of said water from energy from renewable sources and means for dissociating said water, in liquid or vapor form , from energy from renewable sources. It is a sustainable and clean procedure and system.
Description
Procedimiento de obtención de hidrógeno y sistema que aplica dicho procedimiento.Procedure for obtaining hydrogen and system that applies this procedure.
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de obtención de hidrógeno a partir de agua, con aportación de energía procedente de fuentes renovables.The present invention relates to a procedure for obtaining hydrogen from water, with contribution of energy from renewable sources.
El hidrógeno es considerado una fuente de energía muy interesante debido a su alto contenido energético y su bajo impacto ambiental, puesto que su combustión produce únicamente agua.Hydrogen is considered a source of very interesting energy due to its high energy content and its low environmental impact, since its combustion produces only Water.
El uso del hidrógeno como fuente de energía en sustitución de fuentes primarias de energía como el petróleo, gas natural o carbón, posibilitará el desarrollo de un sistema energético sostenible y libre de emisiones, puesto que permitirá una drástica reducción de la emisión de dióxido de carbono procedente de la combustión de dichos combustibles fósiles y, por lo tanto, la mejora de la calidad del aire, la salud del planeta y la reducción del efecto invernadero.The use of hydrogen as a source of energy in replacement of primary energy sources such as oil, gas natural or coal, will enable the development of a system energy efficient and emission-free, since it will allow a drastic reduction in carbon dioxide emission from the combustion of said fossil fuels and, for Therefore, the improvement of air quality, the health of the planet and the reduction of the greenhouse effect.
La generación de hidrógeno en grandes cantidades para abastecer la demanda actual de combustibles fósiles, debe de llevarse a cabo a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, es decir, a partir de energía procedente de fuentes que se regeneran continuamente mediante procesos naturales, y que, por lo tanto, son limpias y no consumen recursos finitos. Solamente de este modo, se podrá garantizar el desarrollo de un sistema energético verdaderamente sostenible y limpio.The generation of hydrogen in large quantities to meet the current demand for fossil fuels, it must be carried out from energy from sources renewable, that is, from energy from sources that they are continuously regenerated by natural processes, and that, by Therefore, they are clean and do not consume finite resources. Only from In this way, the development of a system can be guaranteed Energy truly sustainable and clean.
En la actualidad el hidrógeno se obtiene a nivel industrial mediante reformado por vapor de hidrocarburos, tales como gas natural o destilados ligeros, y mediante la electrólisis del agua.Currently hydrogen is obtained at the level industrial by steam reforming of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas or light distillates, and by electrolysis of the water.
El reformado por vapor de hidrocarburos se basa en la reacción del vapor de agua y el gas a alta temperatura sobre un catalizador.Hydrocarbon steam reforming is based in the reaction of water vapor and high temperature gas over a catalyst
El sistema de obtención de hidrógeno por reformado por vapor de hidrocarburos se utiliza en la industria cuando es necesaria la producción de grandes cantidades de hidrógeno, sin embargo, presenta los inconvenientes de que utiliza como materia prima recursos no renovables como los combustibles de origen fósil, y que constituye un sistema que contribuye a la emisión de dióxido de carbono y, por lo tanto, al efecto invernadero. Por todo ello, no resulta una opción válida para la producción sostenible y limpia de hidrógeno en grandes cantidades.The system of obtaining hydrogen by Hydrocarbon steam reforming is used in industry when the production of large quantities of hydrogen, however, has the drawbacks of using as raw material non-renewable resources such as fuels fossil origin, and that constitutes a system that contributes to the emission of carbon dioxide and, therefore, to the effect greenhouse. Therefore, it is not a valid option for sustainable and clean hydrogen production in large quantities.
La electrolisis del agua consiste en la liberación del hidrógeno y el oxígeno contenido en el agua en forma líquida, mediante la utilización de electricidad.Water electrolysis consists of the release of hydrogen and oxygen contained in the water in form liquid, through the use of electricity.
A pesar de que es conocido que la energía eléctrica puede obtenerse a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, la electrolisis presenta los inconvenientes de que es un proceso de obtención de hidrógeno muy lento, que exige la purificación del agua líquida utilizada y que, además, supone un elevado consumo de energía eléctrica por litro de hidrógeno producido. Por todo ello, el uso de la tecnología de la electrolisis se ha limitado hasta ahora a la producción de pequeñas cantidades de hidrógeno.Although it is known that energy electrical can be obtained from energy from sources renewable, electrolysis has the disadvantages that it is a process of obtaining very slow hydrogen, which requires the purification of the liquid water used and which, in addition, implies a high consumption of electricity per liter of hydrogen produced. For all this, the use of the technology of the electrolysis has so far been limited to the production of small amounts of hydrogen
Por otro lado, hay que tener en cuenta que los sistemas de obtención de hidrógeno por electrolisis que se conocen presentan el inconveniente de que están diseñados para ser utilizados siempre con agua de origen continental, constituyendo dicha agua un recurso cada vez más escaso, que dificulta la aplicación de dicha tecnología para la producción de grandes cantidades de hidrógeno.On the other hand, we must bear in mind that known systems for obtaining hydrogen by electrolysis they have the disadvantage that they are designed to be always used with water of continental origin, constituting said water an increasingly scarce resource, which hinders the application of such technology for the production of large amounts of hydrogen
No son conocidos procedimientos y sistemas de obtención de hidrógeno en grandes cantidades que utilicen, en todas sus etapas, únicamente energía procedente de fuentes renovables, que no generen contaminantes y que, además, estén diseñados para ser utilizados o no con agua de origen distinto al continental.There are no known procedures and systems of obtaining hydrogen in large quantities that they use, in all its stages, only energy from renewable sources, that do not generate pollutants and that are also designed to be used or not with water of origin other than continental.
El objetivo de la presente invención es resolver los inconvenientes mencionados, desarrollando un procedimiento y sistema para la obtención de hidrógeno en grandes cantidades que utiliza únicamente energía procedente de fuentes renovables y que no genera contaminantes.The objective of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned inconveniences, developing a procedure and system for obtaining hydrogen in large quantities that use only energy from renewable sources and not It generates pollutants.
De acuerdo con un primer aspecto de la presente invención, se propone un procedimiento que se caracteriza por el hecho de que comprende las etapas de:In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, a procedure that is characterized by the fact that he understands the stages of:
- a)to)
- Evaporar agua con aportación de energía procedente de fuentes renovables.Evaporate water with energy input from renewable sources.
- b)b)
- Llevar a cabo la disociación de dicha agua, en forma líquida o de vapor, mediante la aportación de energía procedente de fuentes renovables.Carry out the dissociation of said water, in liquid or steam form, by providing energy from renewable sources.
Gracias a estas características, el procedimiento de la presente invención presenta la ventaja de que posibilita la producción de grandes cantidades de hidrógeno a partir de agua pura obtenida mediante evaporación, ya sea de agua de origen continental o marino, y a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables. Por lo tanto, se trata de un procedimiento sostenible y limpio, puesto que no genera contaminantes.Thanks to these characteristics, the The process of the present invention has the advantage that enables the production of large quantities of hydrogen at from pure water obtained by evaporation, either from water of continental or marine origin, and from energy from renewable sources Therefore, it is a procedure sustainable and clean, since it does not generate pollutants.
Otra ventaja que presenta el procedimiento de la invención es que el vapor de agua, obtenido mediante la aportación de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, constituye, además de la materia prima básica para llevar a cabo la producción de hidrógeno, una importante fuente de energía calorífica que puede fácilmente ser transformada en energía eléctrica para aplicar en la disociación de dicha agua, ya sea en forma líquida o vapor.Another advantage of the procedure of the invention is that water vapor, obtained by the contribution of energy from renewable sources, it constitutes, in addition to the basic raw material to carry out the production of hydrogen, an important source of heat energy that can easily be transformed into electrical energy to apply in the dissociation of said water, either in liquid or vapor form.
Preferiblemente, dicha agua es marina. De este modo, la producción de hidrógeno no se ve limitada a la disponibilidad de un recurso tan escaso como es el agua continental.Preferably, said water is marine. Of this mode, hydrogen production is not limited to the availability of a resource as scarce as water continental.
Preferiblemente, siendo dicha agua marina, dicha energía de las etapas a) y b) procede por lo menos de las olas del mar.Preferably, said seawater being said energy of stages a) and b) comes at least from the waves of the sea.
Son conocidos sistemas para la obtención de energía de las olas del mar, particularmente el protegido por las patentes ES 2170029 y P200302809, esta última no publicada, que posibilitan la obtención de grandes cantidades de energía eléctrica, que pueden emplearse para llevar a cabo el procedimiento de obtención de hidrógeno de la presente invención.Systems for obtaining sea wave energy, particularly the one protected by patents ES 2170029 and P200302809, the latter unpublished, which make it possible to obtain large amounts of energy electrical, which can be used to carry out the procedure for obtaining hydrogen of the present invention.
Alternativamente, dicha energía de las etapas a) y b) procede por lo menos del sol, preferiblemente a partir de una central solar térmica de tipo torre que, en este caso, evapora el agua del propio sistema y obtiene energía eléctrica a partir del vapor obtenido con dicha agua.Alternatively, said energy from steps a) and b) it comes from at least the sun, preferably from a tower-type solar thermal power plant that, in this case, evaporates the water from the system itself and obtains electricity from the steam obtained with said water.
También alternativamente, siendo dicha agua marina, dicha energía de las etapas a) y b) procede por lo menos del sol y de las olas del mar. De este modo, puede aprovecharse la energía procedente de dos fuentes renovables, la solar y la obtenida de los océanos.Also alternatively, said water being marine, said energy from stages a) and b) proceeds at least of the sun and the waves of the sea. In this way, you can take advantage of the energy from two renewable sources, solar and Obtained from the oceans.
Otra vez alternativamente, dicha energía de las etapas a) y b) procede por lo menos del sol y de dicha agua. De este modo, puede aprovecharse la energía procedente de dos fuentes renovables, que en este caso son la solar y la energía hidráulica del agua que interviene en el propio procedimiento.Again alternately, said energy of the stages a) and b) comes at least from the sun and said water. From In this way, energy from two sources can be used renewable, which in this case are solar and hydraulic energy of the water involved in the procedure itself.
Según una primera realización preferida, después de la etapa a) el procedimiento de la invención comprende la etapa de condensar el vapor de agua obtenido, y la disociación de dicha agua en forma líquida se lleva a cabo por electrolisis.According to a first preferred embodiment, then from step a) the process of the invention comprises the step of condensing the water vapor obtained, and the dissociation of said Water in liquid form is carried out by electrolysis.
Preferiblemente, la disociación de dicha agua en forma de vapor se lleva a cabo mediante un proceso de reformado de dicho vapor que consiste en sobrecalentar el vapor de agua a temperaturas por encima de los 900°C, en las que las moléculas de agua se disocian. Dicho proceso de reformado obtiene un rendimiento de hidrógeno superior al de la electrolisis.Preferably, the dissociation of said water in steam form is carried out by a process of reforming said steam which consists of superheating the water vapor to temperatures above 900 ° C, at which the molecules of Water dissociates. Said reforming process obtains a yield of hydrogen superior to that of electrolysis.
De acuerdo con un segundo aspecto de la presente invención, se propone un sistema para la obtención de hidrógeno según el procedimiento descrito, que se caracteriza por el hecho de que comprende medios para la obtención de agua, medios para la obtención de vapor de dicha agua a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables y medios para la disociación de dicha agua, en forma líquida o de vapor, a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables.In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a system for obtaining hydrogen is proposed according to the described procedure, which is characterized by the fact comprising means for obtaining water, means for obtaining steam of said water from energy from renewable sources and means for the dissociation of said water, in liquid or vapor form, from energy from sources renewable.
Gracias a estas características, el sistema de la presente invención posibilita la producción de grandes cantidades de hidrógeno a partir de agua pura obtenida mediante evaporación, ya sea de agua de origen continental o marino, y a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables. Por lo tanto, se trata de un sistema que, al igual que el procedimiento descrito, es sostenible y limpio, puesto que no genera contaminantes.Thanks to these features, the system The present invention enables the production of large amounts of hydrogen from pure water obtained by evaporation, either of water of continental or marine origin, and to from energy from renewable sources. Thus, it is a system that, like the procedure described, It is sustainable and clean, since it does not generate pollutants.
Preferiblemente, dichos medios para la obtención de vapor comprenden un campo de helióstatos y un receptor solar, situado encima de una torre, por el que circula dicha agua.Preferably, said means for obtaining of steam comprise a field of heliostats and a solar receiver, located on top of a tower, through which said water circulates.
Según una realización preferida, dichos medios para la obtención de vapor comprenden medios para la obtención de energía a partir del sol, medios para el almacenamiento de agua en un recinto hermético y medios para calentar dicha agua almacenada.According to a preferred embodiment, said means for obtaining steam comprise means for obtaining energy from the sun, means for water storage in an airtight enclosure and means to heat said water stored
Ventajosamente, dichos medios para la obtención de energía a partir del sol comprenden concentradores parabólicos, lentes o espejos que concentran la luz solar, y dichos medios para calentar dicha agua comprenden barras de carbono en contacto con dicha agua, siendo dichas barras calentadas por dicha energía procedente del sol.Advantageously, said means for obtaining of energy from the sun include parabolic concentrators, lenses or mirrors that concentrate sunlight, and said means for heating said water comprise carbon bars in contact with said water, said bars being heated by said energy coming from the sun
Según una realización preferida, dichos medios para la disociación de dicha agua en forma líquida comprenden un generador de hidrógeno y oxígeno por electrolisis.According to a preferred embodiment, said means for the dissociation of said water in liquid form comprise a hydrogen and oxygen generator by electrolysis.
Preferiblemente, dichos medios para la disociación del agua en forma de vapor comprenden un sistema de producción de hidrógeno por reforma de dicho vapor que, tal y como ya se ha comentado, consiste en sobrecalentar dicho vapor de agua a temperaturas por encima de 900°C, a las que las moléculas de agua se disocian.Preferably, said means for water dissociation in the form of steam comprise a system of hydrogen production by reforming said steam which, as It has already been mentioned, it consists of overheating said water vapor to temperatures above 900 ° C, at which water molecules They dissociate.
Preferiblemente, dicho sistema comprende medios para obtener energía eléctrica a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables. De este modo, la energía eléctrica obtenida se suministrará a los equipos encargados de llevar a cabo la disociación del agua, en forma líquida o vapor.Preferably, said system comprises means to obtain electrical energy from energy from renewable sources In this way, the electrical energy obtained is supply the teams responsible for carrying out the water dissociation, in liquid or vapor form.
Ventajosamente, el sistema comprende medios para comprimir aire con la energía obtenida a partir del agua del propio sistema, medios para almacenar dicho aire comprimido, medios para calentar dicho aire a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables y medios para obtener energía eléctrica a partir de dicho aire comprimido.Advantageously, the system comprises means for compress air with the energy obtained from the water in the own system, means for storing said compressed air, means to heat said air from energy from sources renewable and means to obtain electricity from said compressed air.
Gracias estas características, el almacenamiento de aire comprimido constituye una forma de almacenamiento de energía procedente de dichas fuentes renovables que estará disponible para usar en el propio sistema cuando se considere necesario, al convertir la energía que contiene dicho aire en energía eléctrica mediante un motor neumático y un alternador o generador eléctrico. La expansión que sufre el aire comprimido con su calentamiento viene a incrementar la energía contenida en dicho aire y, por lo tanto, la energía eléctrica finalmente obtenida a partir de él.Thanks these features, storage compressed air is a form of storage of energy from these renewable sources that will be available for use in the system itself when considered necessary, when converting the energy contained in that air into electric power by means of a pneumatic motor and an alternator or Electric generator. The expansion suffered by compressed air with its heating increases the energy contained in said air and therefore the electrical energy finally obtained at start from him.
Preferiblemente, dichos medios para la obtención de energía eléctrica comprenden un sistema para la obtención de energía a partir de las olas del mar, tal como el descrito por las patentes ES 2170029 y P200302809, esta última no publicada, que posibilita la obtención de grandes cantidades de energía eléctrica a partir de energía renovable obtenida de los océanos.Preferably, said means for obtaining of electric power comprise a system for obtaining energy from the waves of the sea, as described by the patents ES 2170029 and P200302809, the latter unpublished, which makes it possible to obtain large amounts of electrical energy from renewable energy obtained from the oceans.
También preferiblemente, dichos medios de obtención de energía eléctrica comprenden turbinas de vapor y generadores eléctricos, siendo dicho vapor el obtenido de dicha agua a partir de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, preferiblemente de energía solar. De este modo, se aprovecha la energía calorífica contenida en el vapor de agua del sistema para la producción de energía eléctrica.Also preferably, said means of Obtaining electric power include steam turbines and electric generators, said steam being obtained from said water from energy from renewable sources, preferably solar energy. In this way, the heat energy contained in the system's water vapor for Electricity production.
Ventajosamente, dichos medios para la obtención de energía eléctrica comprenden turbinas hidráulicas y generadores eléctricos, siendo el agua que mueve dichas turbinas la de dicho sistema. De este modo, se aprovecha la energía hidráulica del agua del propio sistema.Advantageously, said means for obtaining Electric power include hydraulic turbines and generators electrical, the water that moves said turbines being said system. In this way, the hydraulic energy of the water is used of the system itself.
Según una realización preferida, dichos medios de obtención de energía eléctrica comprenden dichas turbinas de vapor y generadores eléctricos, medios para elevar dicho vapor a una determinada altura, medios para condensar dicho vapor y dichas turbinas hidráulicas y generadores eléctricos para obtener energía eléctrica a partir de la energía potencial almacenada por el agua procedente de la condensación de dicho vapor a dicha altura.According to a preferred embodiment, said means for obtaining electrical energy comprise said turbines of steam and electric generators, means for raising said steam to a certain height, means for condensing said steam and said hydraulic turbines and electric generators for energy electric from the potential energy stored by water from the condensation of said steam at said height.
La producción de vapor a altas temperaturas que tiene lugar en el sistema de la invención, posibilita, de forma natural, la elevación en altura de un volumen muy importante de agua que, después, una vez condensada, puede aprovecharse para producir nuevamente energía eléctrica.The production of high temperature steam that takes place in the system of the invention, enables, in a way natural, the height elevation of a very important volume of water that, after condensation, can be used to produce electricity again.
Según otra realización preferida, dichos medios para la obtención de energía eléctrica comprenden unas primeras turbinas hidráulicas y generadores eléctricos, medios para elevar dicha agua a una determinada altura y unas segundas turbinas hidráulicas y generadores eléctricos para obtener energía eléctrica a partir de la energía potencial almacenada por dicha agua a dicha altura.According to another preferred embodiment, said means to obtain electrical energy they comprise first hydraulic turbines and electric generators, means to lift said water at a certain height and second turbines Hydraulics and electric generators to obtain electrical energy from the potential energy stored by said water to said height.
Gracias estas características, el almacenamiento de agua a una determinada altura constituye una forma de almacenamiento de energía procedente de dichas fuentes renovables que estará disponible para usar en el propio sistema cuando se considere necesario, al convertir la energía potencial que contiene dicha agua en energía eléctrica mediante dichas turbinas hidráulicas y generadores eléctricos.Thanks these features, storage of water at a certain height constitutes a form of storage of energy from these renewable sources which will be available for use on the system itself when consider necessary, when converting the potential energy it contains said water in electrical energy by means of said turbines Hydraulics and electric generators.
Para mayor comprensión de cuanto se ha expuesto se acompañan unos dibujos en los que, esquemáticamente y sólo a título de ejemplo no limitativo, se representa tres casos prácticos de realización.For greater understanding of how much has been exposed some drawings are accompanied in which, schematically and only to non-limiting example title, three practical cases are represented of realization.
En dichos dibujos,In these drawings,
la figura 1 es un esquema de una primera realización preferida del sistema para la obtención de hidrógeno de la presente invención en el que el agua es marina y la energía se obtiene de las olas del mar y del agua del propio sistema.Figure 1 is a schematic of a first preferred embodiment of the system for obtaining hydrogen from the present invention in which water is marine and energy is it obtains from the waves of the sea and the water of the system itself.
la figura 2 es un esquema de una segunda realización preferida del sistema para la obtención de hidrógeno de la presente invención en el que el agua es marina y la energía se obtiene del sol y del agua del propio sistema.Figure 2 is a schematic of a second preferred embodiment of the system for obtaining hydrogen from the present invention in which water is marine and energy is it gets from the sun and the water of the system itself.
la figura 3 es un esquema de una tercera realización preferida del sistema para la obtención de hidrógeno de la presente invención en el que el agua es marina y la energía se obtiene del sol, de las olas del mar y del agua del propio sistema.Figure 3 is a schematic of a third preferred embodiment of the system for obtaining hydrogen from the present invention in which water is marine and energy is it gets from the sun, from the waves of the sea and from the water itself system.
La figura 1 muestra una primera realización preferida del sistema de la presente invención en el que el agua 1 se obtiene del mar 2 a través de una conducción 3 que transporta dicha agua 1 marina hasta un recinto hermético 4 donde se lleva a cabo su evaporación.Figure 1 shows a first embodiment preferred of the system of the present invention in which water 1 it is obtained from sea 2 through a conduit 3 that transports said marine water 1 to an airtight enclosure 4 where it is carried evaporate out
La evaporación del agua 1 marina genera, además de vapor 5 de agua 1, un residuo de agua 6 concentrada en sales que se almacena en una gran salina 7 donde se lleva a cabo la cristalización de dichas sales para su posterior aprovechamiento.The evaporation of marine water 1 also generates of steam 5 of water 1, a water residue 6 concentrated in salts which is stored in a large saline 7 where the crystallization of said salts for later exploitation.
El sistema representado comprende una pluralidad de equipos 8 donde se lleva a cabo la disociación del vapor 5, sobrecalentado a una temperatura igual o superior a 900°C, mediante el proceso de reforma de vapor de agua. El proceso de reforma de vapor de agua constituye un proceso de disociación que presenta la ventaja respecto a la electrolisis de que es más rápido, por lo que posee un rendimiento de obtención de hidrógeno superior.The represented system comprises a plurality of equipment 8 where steam dissociation 5 is carried out, superheated to a temperature equal to or greater than 900 ° C, by The water vapor reform process. The reform process of water vapor constitutes a dissociation process that presents the advantage over electrolysis that it is faster, so It has a superior hydrogen yield.
La disociación del vapor 5 de agua 1 genera hidrógeno 9, oxígeno 10 y un residuo de agua pura 11, que son almacenados en los depósitos 12 para su posterior distribución.Water dissociation 5 of water 1 generates hydrogen 9, oxygen 10 and a pure water residue 11, which are stored in tanks 12 for later distribution.
La energía necesaria para llevar a cabo el proceso de obtención de hidrógeno del sistema representado en la figura 1 se obtiene de fuentes renovables como son las olas del mar 2 y el agua 1 del propio sistema.The energy needed to carry out the process of obtaining hydrogen from the system represented in the Figure 1 is obtained from renewable sources such as sea waves 2 and water 1 of the system itself.
Para obtener la energía de las olas del mar 2, se ha dispuesto una instalación de boyas 13 según el sistema protegido por las patentes ES 2170029 y P200302809, esta última no publicada. Dicho sistema convierte la energía procedente del movimiento de las boyas por efecto de las olas del mar 2 en energía eléctrica 14, de modo que, por ejemplo, con un parque de 1000 boyas 13 es posible producir 10 Mwh de energía eléctrica 14.To get the energy of the waves of the sea 2, a buoy installation 13 has been arranged according to the system protected by patents ES 2170029 and P200302809, the latter does not published. This system converts the energy from the movement of the buoys due to the effect of sea waves 2 on energy electric 14, so that, for example, with a park of 1000 buoys 13 it is possible to produce 10 Mwh of electrical energy 14.
Para obtener energía a partir del agua 1 del propio sistema, se ha dispuesto unas turbinas hidráulicas 15 que generan energía mecánica a partir del flujo de agua 1 que circula por la conducción 3 del sistema. La energía mecánica producida por las turbinas 15 es transformada en energía eléctrica 16 mediante unos generadores eléctricos 17, o aprovechada para generar directamente aire comprimido mediante compresores dispuestos en el interior de dichas turbinas.To obtain energy from water 1 of own system, hydraulic turbines 15 have been arranged that generate mechanical energy from the flow of water 1 that circulates by driving 3 of the system. The mechanical energy produced by the turbines 15 is transformed into electrical energy 16 by electric generators 17, or used to generate directly compressed air by compressors arranged in the inside of said turbines.
En la realización que se describe, la energía eléctrica 16 de los generadores 17 se utiliza para comprimir aire que se almacena en unos depósitos 18. Dichos depósitos 18 constituyen una forma de almacenamiento de la energía procedente del agua 1 del propio sistema, puesto que el aire comprimido puede ser transformado en electricidad 19, en el momento que se desea, mediante motores neumáticos y alternadores o generadores eléctricos 20. De este modo, se evita el almacenamiento de energía eléctrica mediante baterías, cuyos componentes son fuente de residuos contaminantes, como los metales pesados.In the embodiment described, the energy electric 16 of generators 17 is used to compress air which is stored in deposits 18. Such deposits 18 they constitute a form of storage of the energy coming of water 1 of the system itself, since compressed air can be transformed into electricity 19, at the desired time, by pneumatic motors and alternators or electric generators 20. In this way, the storage of electrical energy is avoided by batteries, whose components are a source of waste pollutants, such as heavy metals.
La figura 2 muestra una segunda realización
preferida de la presente invención en la que las fuentes de energía
renovable para llevar a cabo la obtención de hidrógeno 9, son el
sol y el agua 1 del propio
sistema.Figure 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of the present invention in which the sources of renewable energy to carry out the obtaining of hydrogen 9, are the sun and water 1 of the own
system.
El sistema de la figura 2 se diferencia del de
la figura 1 en que la conducción 3 de agua 1 marina transporta
dicha agua 1 hasta una torre 21 donde se halla dispuesto un
receptor solar por el que circula el agua 1. Dicho receptor solar
sirve de intercambiador de calor transfiriendo la energía solar
concentrada al agua 1 para transformarla en vapor 5
sobrecalenta-
do.The system of Figure 2 differs from that of Figure 1 in that the marine water conduit 3 transports said water 1 to a tower 21 where a solar receiver is arranged through which the water circulates 1. Said solar receiver serves as a heat exchanger transferring concentrated solar energy to water 1 to transform it into superheated steam 5
do.
En la realización que se describe, el vapor 5 sobrecalentado es enviado a una turbina 22 de vapor que convierte la energía calorífica del vapor en energía mecánica. Dicha energía mecánica es transformada en energía eléctrica 23 mediante un generador eléctrico 24.In the embodiment described, steam 5 superheated is sent to a steam turbine 22 that converts the heat energy of steam in mechanical energy. That energy mechanics is transformed into electrical energy 23 by a electric generator 24.
El receptor solar situado en la torre 21 concentra la luz solar procedente de un campo de helióstatos 25 que consta de espejos con seguimiento que dirigen constantemente la radiación captada, a dicho receptor solar.The solar receiver located in tower 21 concentrates sunlight from a field of heliostats 25 that It consists of mirrors with tracking that constantly direct the radiation captured, to said solar receiver.
El conjunto de elementos formados por el campo de helióstatos 25, la torre/receptor solar 21 y la turbina 22 de vapor 5 y generador eléctrico 24, constituye la base de una central solar térmica del tipo torre, cuyo funcionamiento y rendimiento es ampliamente conocido en el estado de la técnica.The set of elements formed by the field of heliostats 25, solar tower / receiver 21 and turbine 22 of steam 5 and electric generator 24, forms the basis of a central thermal solar tower type, whose operation and performance is widely known in the state of the art.
El sistema descrito en esta segunda realización presenta la ventaja de que el mismo vapor 5 producido por dicha central solar térmica se aprovecha para obtener hidrógeno 9 mediante el proceso de disociación de dicho vapor 5 por reforma.The system described in this second embodiment it has the advantage that the same steam 5 produced by said solar thermal power plant is used to obtain hydrogen 9 by the process of dissociating said steam 5 by reform.
La figura 3 muestra una tercera realización preferida de la presente invención en la que las fuentes de energía renovable para llevar a cabo la obtención de hidrógeno 9, son el sol, el agua 1 del propio sistema y las olas del mar 2.Figure 3 shows a third embodiment preferred of the present invention in which the energy sources renewable to carry out the obtaining of hydrogen 9, are the sun, water 1 of the system itself and the waves of the sea 2.
Tal y como puede verse en la figura 3, el sistema de esta tercera realización comprende una central solar térmica como el de la figura 2, una instalación de boyas 13 como el de la figura 1 y un sistema de turbinas hidráulicas 15 y generadores eléctricos 17, 20 como los de las figuras 1 y 2.As can be seen in Figure 3, the system of this third embodiment comprises a solar power plant thermal like the one in figure 2, an installation of buoys 13 like the of Figure 1 and a hydraulic turbine system 15 and electric generators 17, 20 like those in figures 1 and 2.
A pesar de que no se ha representado, cualquiera de las tres realizaciones representadas podría incorporar medios para condensar el vapor 5 de agua 1 marina obtenido, para, de este modo, llevar a cabo la disociación del agua pura en forma líquida, mediante el proceso de electrolisis. Sin embargo, dicho proceso de electrolisis, presenta el inconveniente respecto del proceso de reforma por vapor, de que es más lento, por lo que el rendimiento de obtención de hidrógeno es inferior.Although he has not been represented, anyone of the three embodiments represented could incorporate means to condense the steam 5 of marine water 1 obtained for this mode, carry out the dissociation of pure water in liquid form, through the electrolysis process. However, said process of electrolysis, has the disadvantage regarding the process of steam reform, that is slower, so the performance Obtaining hydrogen is inferior.
De igual modo, a pesar de que no se ha
representado, en cualquier de las realizaciones de las figuras 2 y
3, la torre/receptor solar 21 podría sustituirse por un
concentrador parabólico cuya función consiste en concentrar la
energía solar utilizando un cuenco o reflector en forma de disco.
En este caso, la luz concentrada por el concentrador parabólico
calentaría, para la producción de vapor 5, unas barras de carbono
dispuestas en unos depósitos cerrados herméticamente en los que se
almacenaría agua 1. La energía calorífica de dicho vapor 5, podría
igualmente utilizarse para la producción de energía eléctrica
mediante las correspondientes turbinas y generadores
eléctricos.Similarly, although it has not been represented, in any of the embodiments of Figures 2 and 3, the solar tower / receiver 21 could be replaced by a parabolic concentrator whose function is to concentrate solar energy using a bowl or reflector disk-shaped In this case, the light concentrated by the parabolic concentrator would heat, for steam production 5, carbon bars arranged in a tightly sealed tanks in which water would be stored 1. The heat energy of said steam 5 could also be used to the production of electrical energy through the corresponding turbines and generators
electrical
Sorprendentemente, el sistema de la presente invención presenta la ventaja respecto de los sistemas de obtención de hidrógeno conocidos en el estado de la técnica, de que permite la producción de grandes cantidades de hidrógeno a partir de agua marina o dulce y de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, todo ello sin generar contaminantes, por lo que se trata de un sistema sostenible y limpio.Surprisingly, the system of the present invention has the advantage over obtaining systems of hydrogen known in the state of the art, which allows the production of large quantities of hydrogen from water marine or sweet and energy from renewable sources, all This without generating pollutants, so it is a system sustainable and clean.
Con el fin de demostrar la autosuficiencia energética del sistema de la presente invención, se aportan a continuación dos ejemplos numéricos en los que se muestra el balance energético y la producción de hidrógeno de dos realizaciones del sistema.In order to demonstrate self-reliance energy of the system of the present invention, are contributed to Below are two numerical examples in which the energy balance and hydrogen production of two system accomplishments.
Por término medio, para la evaporación de 1,1 litros/hora de agua es necesario 1 Kwh de energía.On average, for the evaporation of 1.1 liters / hour of water 1 Kwh of energy is necessary.
De igual modo, por término medio, con 1 Kwh de energía se disocian 0,152 litros/hora de agua y se obtienen 181 litros/hora de hidrógeno.Similarly, on average, with 1 Kwh of energy dissociates 0.152 liters / hour of water and 181 is obtained liters / hour of hydrogen.
Por lo tanto, por cada 1 Kwh de energía que se utiliza en el proceso de evaporación de agua, se necesitan 7,23 Kwh de energía para la disociación de dicha agua.Therefore, for every 1 Kwh of energy that is used in the water evaporation process, 7.23 Kwh are needed of energy for the dissociation of said water.
De ello se deduce que, en porcentaje, del 100%
de energía necesaria del sistema, por término medio, el 12,15% se
destina a evaporar el agua y el 87,85% restante al proceso de
disociación de dicha
agua.It follows that, as a percentage, of the 100% of the system's necessary energy, on average, 12.15% is destined to evaporate the water and the remaining 87.85% to the process of dissociation of said system.
Water.
Con una instalación de 1000 boyas es posible la obtención de 10 Mwh de energía eléctrica a partir de la energía procedente de las olas del mar.With an installation of 1000 buoys it is possible to obtaining 10 Mwh of electrical energy from energy coming from the waves of the sea.
A la vista de los porcentajes de energía del sistema anteriormente mencionados, se deduce que de los 10 Mwh obtenidos, 1,215 Mwh se destinan a evaporar el agua y 8,785 Mwh a la disociación de dicha agua.In view of the energy percentages of the system mentioned above, it follows that from 10 Mwh obtained, 1,215 Mwh are destined to evaporate the water and 8,785 Mwh to the dissociation of said water.
Por término medio, con 1 Kwh consumido en el proceso de disociación se obtienen 181 litros/hora de hidrógeno.On average, with 1 Kwh consumed in the dissociation process 181 liters / hour of hydrogen.
Por lo tanto, con 8,785 Mwh de energía del sistema destinados al proceso de disociación, se obtendrán aproximadamente 1,5 millones de litros de hidrógeno/hora.Therefore, with 8,785 Mwh of energy from system intended for the dissociation process, will be obtained approximately 1.5 million liters of hydrogen / hour.
Por término medio, para la evaporación de 1,1 litros/hora de agua es necesario 1 Kwh de energía.On average, for the evaporation of 1.1 liters / hour of water 1 Kwh of energy is necessary.
De igual modo, por término medio, con 1 Kwh de energía se disocian 0,152 litros/hora de agua y se obtienen 181 litros/hora de hidrógeno.Similarly, on average, with 1 Kwh of energy dissociates 0.152 liters / hour of water and 181 is obtained liters / hour of hydrogen.
Por lo tanto, por cada 1 Kwh de energía que se utiliza en el proceso de evaporación de agua, se necesitan 7,23 Kwh de energía para la disociación de dicha agua.Therefore, for every 1 Kwh of energy that is used in the water evaporation process, 7.23 Kwh are needed of energy for the dissociation of said water.
De ello se deduce que, en porcentaje, del 100% de energía necesaria del sistema, por término medio el 12,15% se destina a evaporar el agua y el 87,85% restante al proceso de disociación de dicha agua.It follows that, as a percentage, 100% of necessary system energy, on average 12.15% is destines to evaporate the water and the remaining 87.85% to the process of dissociation of said water.
Con una central solar térmica de tipo torre es posible obtener 50 Mwh energía eléctrica a partir de la energía procedente del sol.With a tower-type solar thermal power plant it is possible to obtain 50 Mwh electrical energy from energy coming from the sun
Debido a que la central solar térmica produce la energía eléctrica a partir del vapor de agua generado en el receptor solar, en este caso puede destinarse a la disociación de agua el 100% de la energía obtenida por la central, es decir 50 Mwh de energía eléctrica.Because the solar thermal power plant produces the electrical energy from water vapor generated in the solar receiver, in this case it can be used to dissociate water 100% of the energy obtained by the plant, that is 50 Mwh electric power
Por término medio, con 1 Kwh consumido en el proceso de disociación se obtienen 181 litros/hora de hidrógeno.On average, with 1 Kwh consumed in the dissociation process 181 liters / hour of hydrogen.
Por lo tanto, con 50 Mwh de energía del sistema destinados al proceso de disociación, se obtendrán aproximadamente 9 millones de litros de hidrógeno/hora.Therefore, with 50 Mwh of system power intended for the dissociation process, approximately 9 million liters of hydrogen / hour.
Claims (25)
- a)to)
- Evaporar agua (1) con aportación de energía (14, 16, 19) procedente de fuentes renovables.Evaporate water (1) with input from energy (14, 16, 19) from renewable sources.
- b)b)
- Llevar a cabo la disociación de dicha agua, en forma líquida (1) o de vapor (5), mediante la aportación de energía (14, 16, 19, 23) procedente de fuentes renovables.Carry out the dissociation of said water, in liquid form (1) or steam (5), by contribution of energy (14, 16, 19, 23) from sources renewable.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES200401653A ES2253990B1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING HYDROGEN AND SYSTEM THAT APPLIES SUCH PROCEDURE. |
PCT/IB2005/001960 WO2006006060A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-06-22 | Method for producing hydrogen and system that applies said method |
AR20050102801A AR054206A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-06 | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING HYDROGEN AND SYSTEM THAT APPLIES SUCH PROCEDURE |
SA05260202A SA05260202A (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-09 | Method for producing hydrogen and system that applies said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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ES200401653A ES2253990B1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING HYDROGEN AND SYSTEM THAT APPLIES SUCH PROCEDURE. |
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AR (1) | AR054206A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2253990B1 (en) |
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GB2439171B (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2011-06-29 | Marek Daniel Beckett | Water wheel power system |
WO2010006398A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Arnaldo Adasz | Linear fuel gas generator by hydrothermolysis |
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US4161657A (en) * | 1975-02-21 | 1979-07-17 | Shaffer Marlin R Jr | Hydrogen supply and utility systems and components thereof |
GB1513162A (en) * | 1975-05-16 | 1978-06-07 | Tornabene M | Waveaction power conversion |
US4053576A (en) * | 1975-05-19 | 1977-10-11 | The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | System for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water using solar energy |
US4030890A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1977-06-21 | Diggs Richard E | Solar power system |
US4087976A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1978-05-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electric power plant using electrolytic cell-fuel cell combination |
US4080271A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1978-03-21 | Brown Howard D | Solar powered gas generation |
US4233127A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-11-11 | Monahan Daniel E | Process and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy |
US4332775A (en) * | 1980-07-03 | 1982-06-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Hydrogen generator utilizing solar energy to dissociate water |
US4405594A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-09-20 | Chevron Research Center | Photo separatory nozzle |
FR2572379B1 (en) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-12-26 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR DISSOCIATION OF WATER BY THERMOLYSIS |
DE3635585A1 (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1987-05-27 | Hermann Dr Rer Na Killesreiter | Electrochemical solar cell for water hydrolysis and desalination using a photoactive electrode made of organic materials |
US4776171A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-10-11 | Perry Oceanographics, Inc. | Self-contained renewable energy system |
US5513494A (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1996-05-07 | Otec Developments | Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system |
CA2240214A1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 1999-11-05 | James Thomas Beck | Process for the production of hydrogen by solar decomposition of water |
ES2170029B1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2003-11-01 | Molina Jose Antonio Serrano | ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM FROM THE WAVES OF THE SEA. |
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2004
- 2004-07-07 ES ES200401653A patent/ES2253990B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-06-22 WO PCT/IB2005/001960 patent/WO2006006060A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2005-07-09 SA SA05260202A patent/SA05260202A/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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KODAMA T. High temperature solar chemistry for converting solar heat to chemical fuels. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 29 (2003), páginas 568-574, 592-593. * |
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ES2253990A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
SA05260202A (en) | 2005-12-03 |
AR054206A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
WO2006006060A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
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