ES2239498A1 - Counter shaft transmission used for automobile - Google Patents

Counter shaft transmission used for automobile

Info

Publication number
ES2239498A1
ES2239498A1 ES200300234A ES200300234A ES2239498A1 ES 2239498 A1 ES2239498 A1 ES 2239498A1 ES 200300234 A ES200300234 A ES 200300234A ES 200300234 A ES200300234 A ES 200300234A ES 2239498 A1 ES2239498 A1 ES 2239498A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
gear
gearbox
clutch
intermediate shaft
gears
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
ES200300234A
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Christoph Woernie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of ES2239498A1 publication Critical patent/ES2239498A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
    • F16H3/126—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches using an electric drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F16H2003/007—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths with two flow paths, one being directly connected to the input, the other being connected to the input though a clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0056—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising seven forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H3/097—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts the input and output shafts being aligned on the same axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

Gearbox with intermediate shaft for motor vehicles, which has an intermediate load shaft (26) and an auxiliary intermediate shaft (28). The auxiliary intermediate shaft (28) can be connected to an input shaft (23) of the gearbox to be able to apply an additional torque. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio para vehículos de motor.Gearbox with intermediate shaft for motor vehicles.

Campo de la invenciónField of the Invention

La invención se refiere a una caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio para un vehículo de motor, para la transmisión de un par de giro de un motor de combustión interna al vehículo de motor.The invention relates to a gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft for a motor vehicle, for transmission of a torque of an internal combustion engine to Motor vehicle.

Estado de la técnicaState of the art

En el estado de la técnica son conocidas cajas de cambios de marchas con acoplamiento o embrague doble, que se pueden cambiar de marcha bajo carga y que tienen dos árboles de entrada en la caja de cambios y un árbol de salida de la caja de cambios. Cada árbol de entrada corresponde en este caso a un embrague de fricción, de manera que uno de los embragues, en su estado embragado, transmite un par del motor y el otro embrague está abierto.In the state of the art are known boxes of Gear changes with double clutch or coupling, which can be shift gears under load and they have two input shafts in the gearbox and an output shaft of the gearbox. Every input shaft corresponds in this case to a clutch of friction, so that one of the clutches, in its state clutch, transmits a torque of the engine and the other clutch is open.

Por el documento DE 199 03 936 A1 es conocida una caja de cambios, que tiene dos engranajes planetarios, cuyas coronas están unidas por medio de una corona dentada al cigüeñal de un motor de combustión interna. Cada engranaje planetario está acoplado respectivamente a un árbol de la caja de cambios, sobre el que están colocadas ruedas dentadas de entrada para diferentes relaciones de transmisión de la caja de cambios. El árbol de entrada, que transmite el par de giro de un motor de combustión interna, está acoplado a por lo menos un engranaje planetario. Además está previsto un árbol de salida, acoplado a por lo menos un engranaje planetario, así como dos máquinas eléctricas que están conectadas activamente a por lo menos un engranaje planetario. Las dos máquinas eléctricas están acopladas cada una de ellas a un engranaje planetario independiente. Las máquinas eléctricas no están acopladas al árbol de entrada ni tampoco al árbol de salida. Los números de revoluciones de ambas máquinas eléctricas o dinamos pueden ser modificados independientemente entre sí.From document DE 199 03 936 A1 a gearbox, which has two planetary gears, whose crowns are attached by means of a toothed crown to the crankshaft of An internal combustion engine. Every planetary gear is respectively coupled to a gearbox tree, on the which are input sprockets for different gearbox transmission ratios. The tree of input, which transmits the torque of a combustion engine internal, is coupled to at least one planetary gear. An output shaft is also provided, coupled to at least one planetary gear, as well as two electric machines that are actively connected to at least one planetary gear. The two electric machines are each coupled to a independent planetary gear. Electric machines not They are coupled to the input shaft or the output shaft. Revolutions of both electric machines or dynamos They can be modified independently of each other.

Por el documento DE 195 48 622 C1 es conocida una caja de cambios de marchas que se puede cambiar de marcha bajo carga, con dos árboles de entrada en la caja de cambios y un árbol de salida de la caja de cambios, así como con un embrague principal de fricción, estando el primer árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios unido directamente a la máquina de accionamiento y estando el embrague principal colocado entre la máquina de accionamiento y el segundo árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios. El elemento de entrada del embrague de fricción, accionado por un motor de accionamiento, puede ser unido al primer árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios y el elemento de salida del embrague de fricción puede ser unido a un segundo árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios en forma de árbol hueco. En el primer árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios está situadas ruedas en lo esencial fijas, que están engranadas constantemente con ruedas locas colocadas en el árbol intermedio. Entre las ruedas locas, situadas por pares, están colocados embragues sincronizados para la conexión de las diferentes marchas de la caja de cambios. Al segundo árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios, configurado como árbol hueco, está unido el juego de ruedas dentadas de la quinta marcha. El primer árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios está unido, por medio de un embrague conectable, con unión por medio de su forma, al árbol principal de la caja de cambios, que lleva las ruedas fijas de las marchas, a excepción de la marcha más alta. Las ruedas locas están colocadas sobre un árbol intermedio que forma el árbol de salida de la caja de cambios, estando colocados, entre las ruedas locas, embragues sincronizados ya conocidos con casquillos de desplazamiento, para conectar las diversas marchas de la caja de cambios. El par de ruedas de la marcha más alta consta de una rueda loca situada sobre el árbol principal de la caja de cambios y una rueda fija situada sobre el árbol intermedio. El segundo árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios puede estar unido, por medio de un embrague sincronizado conectable, al árbol principal de la caja de cambios o bien a la rueda loca de la marcha más alta.From DE 195 48 622 C1, a gearbox that can be shifted under load, with two input trees in the gearbox and a tree output of the gearbox, as well as with a main clutch of friction, the first input shaft of the box being changes attached directly to the drive machine and being the main clutch placed between the drive machine and the second input shaft of the gearbox. The element of friction clutch inlet, driven by a motor drive, can be attached to the first input shaft of the box  of changes and the friction clutch outlet element can be attached to a second input shaft of the gearbox in hollow tree shape. In the first input tree of the box changes are located essentially fixed wheels, which are constantly geared with crazy wheels placed on the tree intermediate. Between the crazy wheels, located in pairs, are placed synchronized clutches for the connection of the different gearbox gears. To the second input tree of the gearbox, set as a hollow tree, the game is attached of gear wheels of the fifth gear. The first input tree of the gearbox is attached, by means of a clutch connectable, with union by means of its shape, to the main tree of the gearbox, which carries the fixed wheels of the gears, to exception of the highest gear. The crazy wheels are placed on an intermediate tree that forms the output shaft of the box of changes, being placed, between the crazy wheels, clutches synchronized already known with scroll bushings, for connect the various gears of the gearbox. The pair of wheels of the highest gear consist of a crazy wheel located on the main gearbox shaft and a fixed wheel located over the intermediate tree. The second input tree of the box of changes can be attached, by means of a synchronized clutch connectable, to the main shaft of the gearbox or to the crazy wheel of the highest gear.

Para poner en marcha el vehículo desde la posición de parada, se cierra el acoplamiento de la primera marcha en el árbol intermedio y el árbol principal de la caja de cambios se une al elemento de salida del embrague principal, por medio del embrague sincronizado. Después de alcanzado el estado de embrague del embrague principal, el árbol principal se une al motor de combustión interna mediante el cierre del embrague de garras y se conecta el embrague sincronizado, de manera que este último une al elemento de salida del embrague principal con la rueda loca de la marcha más alta de la caja de cambios. Para realizar la conexión de cambio de la primera marcha a la segunda marcha, se presiona sobre el embrague principal, de manera que queda descargada la primera marcha de la caja de cambios y se puede abrir el acoplamiento de la primera marcha. Mientras se desliza el embrague principal, se reduce el número de revoluciones del motor, hasta que el acoplamiento de la segunda marcha queda sincronizado y puede ser cerrado. A continuación se abre otra vez el embrague principal y se traslada el flujo de carga al par de ruedas de la segunda marcha. En la forma correspondiente se pueden conectar también todas las demás marchas de la caja de cambios.To start the vehicle from the stop position, the first gear coupling is closed in the intermediate shaft and the main gearbox tree joins the main clutch output element, through the synchronized clutch After reaching the clutch state of the main clutch, the main shaft joins the engine of internal combustion by closing the claw clutch and it connect the synchronized clutch, so that the latter joins the output element of the main clutch with the idler wheel of the higher gearbox gear. To make the connection of change from first gear to second gear, press on the main clutch, so that the first one is unloaded gearbox gear and the coupling of the first gear. While the main clutch slips, it reduces the engine speed, until the second gear coupling is synchronized and can be closed. Then the main clutch is opened again and transfer the load flow to the pair of wheels of the second gear. In the corresponding way you can also connect all the other gears of the gearbox.

Un inconveniente de cajas de cambios con acoplamiento o embrague doble es la considerable necesidad de espacio y el elevado coste de fabricación de las mismas.An inconvenience of gearboxes with Double clutch or coupling is the considerable need for space and the high cost of manufacturing them.

Ventajas de la invenciónAdvantages of the invention

En comparación con lo expuesto anteriormente, la caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio realizada según la invención tiene un árbol intermedio de carga y un árbol intermedio auxiliar, que puede ser unido al árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios. A través del árbol de entrada se transmite a la caja de cambios el par de giro del motor de combustión interna. El árbol intermedio auxiliar está configurado de manera que puede transmitir un par adicional, es decir que el árbol intermedio auxiliar puede proporcionar un par adicional para el accionamiento del vehículo.In comparison with the above, the gearbox with intermediate shaft made according to the invention has an intermediate loading shaft and an intermediate shaft auxiliary, which can be attached to the input shaft of the box changes Through the input tree it is transmitted to the box changes the torque of the internal combustion engine. The tree auxiliary intermediate is configured so that it can transmit an additional torque, that is to say that the auxiliary intermediate shaft can provide additional torque for driving the vehicle.

La posibilidad de unión entre el árbol intermedio auxiliar y el árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios se consigue por medio de un embrague, que está configurado preferentemente como embrague de discos en húmedo.The possibility of union between the intermediate tree auxiliary and the input shaft of the gearbox is achieved by means of a clutch, which is preferably configured as wet disc clutch.

El par adicional transmitido a través del árbol intermedio auxiliar puede ser proporcionado, por ejemplo, por una máquina eléctrica que está conectada al árbol intermedio auxiliar. En este caso, la máquina eléctrica está conectada preferentemente a la batería del vehículo de motor que debe ser accionado. Si no está prevista ninguna máquina eléctrica, es necesario prever un alternador directamente en el motor de combustión interna. En esta forma de realización, se necesitan también embragues sincronizados de fricción colocados sobre el árbol intermedio auxiliar.The additional torque transmitted through the tree auxiliary intermediate can be provided, for example, by a electric machine that is connected to the auxiliary intermediate shaft. In this case, the electric machine is preferably connected to the battery of the motor vehicle that must be powered. If it is not provided no electric machine, it is necessary to provide a alternator directly on the internal combustion engine. In this embodiment, synchronized clutches are also needed of friction placed on the auxiliary intermediate shaft.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

En una realización de la caja de cambios propuesta en la presente invención, el embrague puede ser colocado también coaxialmente respecto al árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios.In an embodiment of the gearbox proposed in the present invention, the clutch can be placed also coaxially with respect to the input shaft of the box changes

Preferentemente están previstos grupos o aparatos auxiliares adicionales, que hacen posible una funcionalidad adicional, por ejemplo una climatización estando el vehículo parado.Preferably groups or devices are provided additional auxiliaries, which make functionality possible additional, for example an air conditioning while the vehicle is stopped.

El empleo de solo un embrague de fricción reduce la necesidad de espacio de montaje y el coste de fabricación, en comparación con las cajas de cambio con embrague o acoplamiento doble. Además, en comparación con cajas de cambio conocidas con un solo embrague, es menor la caída de fuerza de tracción al cambiar de marcha. Esto ocurre también, en especial en comparación con la caja de cambios descrita en el documento DE 195 48 622 C1.The use of only one friction clutch reduces the need for assembly space and manufacturing cost, in comparison with gearboxes with clutch or coupling double. In addition, compared to known gearboxes with a only clutch, the drop in traction force is less when changing marching. This also happens, especially compared to the gearbox described in DE 195 48 622 C1.

La integración de la máquina eléctrica multifuncional hace posible suprimir aparatos adicionales, como el arrancador y el generador.The integration of the electric machine multifunctional makes it possible to suppress additional devices, such as the Starter and generator.

La caja de cambios realizada según la invención permite realizar, con un embrague de fricción las funciones de la caja de cambios de "Puesta en marcha desde el estado de parada" y "Cambio de marcha bajo carga". La máquina eléctrica, preferentemente integrada, tiene las funciones de "Arranque y circulación eléctricos", "Arranque del motor", "Funcionamiento como generador", "Recuperación de la energía de frenado" y "Ayuda a la sincronización de los acoplamientos de las marchas".The gearbox made according to the invention allows to perform, with a friction clutch the functions of the gearbox of "Start-up from the state of stop "and" Gear shift under load. "The machine electric, preferably integrated, has the functions of "Electric start and circulation", "Start of engine "," Operation as generator "," Recovery of braking energy "and" Help synchronization of gear couplings. "

Además, es posible que los grupos o aparatos auxiliares de la cadena de accionamiento, como por ejemplo una máquina refrigeradora, sean accionados por el motor de combustión interna o por la máquina eléctrica, de manera que puedan funcionar también estando parado el motor de combustión interna.In addition, it is possible for groups or devices auxiliary drive chain, such as a refrigeration machine, be driven by the combustion engine internally or by the electric machine, so that they can work also while the internal combustion engine is stopped.

Otras ventajas y realizaciones de la invención se indican en la descripción siguiente y en el dibujo adjunto.Other advantages and embodiments of the invention are indicated in the following description and in the attached drawing.

Se entiende que las características mencionadas anteriormente y las que se explicarán todavía a continuación pueden ser utilizadas no solo en la combinación respectiva indicada, sino también en cualquier otro tipo de combinaciones o bien por sí solas, sin salirse del marco de la presente invención.It is understood that the characteristics mentioned above and those that will be explained still below can be used not only in the respective combination indicated, but also in any other type of combinations or by itself alone, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

La invención está representada en el dibujo adjunto con ayuda de un ejemplo de realización y se explica con mayor detalle a continuación, haciendo referencia a dicho dibujo.The invention is represented in the drawing attached with the help of an embodiment example and explained with greater detail then referring to said He drew.

Dibujo He drew

La figura 1 muestra una forma preferida de realización de la caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según la invención, en representación esquemática.Figure 1 shows a preferred form of realization of the gearbox with intermediate shaft, carried out according to the invention, in schematic representation.

Descripción de un modo de realizaciónDescription of an embodiment

En la figura 1 se representan un motor de combustión interna 10, una máquina eléctrica 12, una batería 14, un grupo o equipo auxiliar 16, un vehículo 18, un embrague 20, un árbol de salida 22 del motor, un árbol de entrada 23 de la caja de cambios, un árbol de accionamiento 24 del vehículo, un árbol intermedio de carga 26 y un árbol intermedio auxiliar 28. Con GKi se indican en el dibujo los acoplamientos de las marchas en el árbol intermedio de carga 26, que no tienen elementos de sincronización. Con GKi* se indican en el dibujo los acoplamientos de las marchas en el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28, que típicamente tampoco tienen elementos de sincronización. Con GKR se indica el acoplamiento de marcha para la marcha atrás.Figure 1 shows a motor of internal combustion 10, an electric machine 12, a battery 14, a auxiliary group or equipment 16, a vehicle 18, a clutch 20, a output shaft 22 of the engine, an input shaft 23 of the box changes, a drive shaft 24 of the vehicle, a tree intermediate load 26 and an auxiliary intermediate shaft 28. With GKi the couplings of the gears in the drawing are indicated intermediate load shaft 26, which have no elements of synchronization. With GKi * the couplings are indicated in the drawing of the gears in the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28, which typically Nor do they have synchronization elements. With GKR the gear coupling for reverse gear.

En el dibujo se muestra una caja de cambios con 7 marchas, con una marcha atrás. La caja de cambios tiene un recorrido principal de transmisión de carga a través del árbol intermedio de carga 26 y un recorrido auxiliar de transmisión de carga a través del árbol intermedio auxiliar 28. El vehículo 18 es accionado generalmente por el motor de combustión interna 10 a través del recorrido principal de transmisión de carga, concretamente el árbol intermedio de carga 26, pudiéndose conectar las relaciones o multiplicaciones de marchas deseadas por medio de los acoplamientos de marchas GK. El recorrido auxiliar de transmisión de carga, concretamente el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28, puede transmitir de formas diferentes un par adicional (par auxiliar) a través de los acoplamientos de marchas GK*. Este par adicional puede ser transmitido, por ejemplo por el motor de combustión interna 10, a través del embrague 20 o bien directamente desde la máquina eléctrica 12. De este modo, en caso necesario se dispone de un par adicional para el accionamiento del vehículo 18.The drawing shows a gearbox with 7 marches, with a reverse gear. The gearbox has a main load transmission path through the shaft intermediate load 26 and an auxiliary transmission path of loading through auxiliary intermediate shaft 28. Vehicle 18 is generally driven by internal combustion engine 10 a through the main load transmission path, specifically the intermediate load shaft 26, being able to connect the relationships or multiplications of desired gears through GK gear couplings. The auxiliary route of load transmission, namely the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28, can transmit an additional pair in different ways (pair auxiliary) through the GK * gear couplings. This pair additional can be transmitted, for example by the engine of internal combustion 10, through clutch 20 or directly from the electric machine 12. Thus, if necessary, It has an additional torque for the vehicle drive 18.

La transmisión del par adicional a través del recorrido de transmisión de carga auxiliar cumple diferentes finalidades. En primer lugar permite el arranque del vehículo con el motor de combustión interna 10 por medio del embrague de deslizamiento 20. Además, permite una "liberación de la carga" de los acoplamientos GK de las marchas para el cambio de marchas, manteniendo un par de accionamiento del vehículo (cambio de marcha bajo carga). Esto es posible por medio de la configuración como motor auxiliar del motor de combustión interna 10 y/o la máquina eléctrica 12. Además, la máquina eléctrica 12, en la forma de realización representada en el dibujo, permite un accionamiento adicional o bien un accionamiento independiente por medio de la máquina eléctrica.The transmission of the additional torque through the auxiliary load transmission path meets different Purposes First, it allows the vehicle to start with the internal combustion engine 10 by means of the clutch slip 20. In addition, it allows a "load release" of the GK couplings of the gears for the gearshift, maintaining a vehicle drive torque (gear change under load). This is possible through the configuration as auxiliary engine of internal combustion engine 10 and / or machine electric 12. In addition, the electric machine 12, in the form of embodiment represented in the drawing, allows a drive additional or an independent drive by means of the electric machine.

El embrague 20 actúa como embrague de apoyo en las operaciones de puesta en marcha y de conexión o cambio de marchas, permaneciendo este embrague en estado de deslizamiento. Durante la circulación del vehículo en una marcha de la caja de cambios, el embrague 20 está abierto.Clutch 20 acts as a support clutch in start-up and connection or change operations gears, this clutch remaining in a sliding state. During the movement of the vehicle in a gearbox changes, clutch 20 is open.

Las relaciones de transmisión se obtienen a partir de la fórmula:Transmission ratios are obtained at from the formula:

i = \frac{nVM}{nF} (caja de cambios de 7 marchas),i = \ frac {nVM} {nF} (7 gearbox marches),

aplicándose en el recorrido principal de transmisión de carga lo siguiente:applying on the tour main load transmission what next:

i_{1} > i_{2} > ... > i_{7},i_ {1}> i_ {2}> ...> i_ {7},

y en el recorrido auxiliar de transmisión de carga lo siguiente:and in the auxiliary route of load transmission what next:

i_{1}{}^{*} = i_{1} - \Delta i, 

\hskip0,3cm
i_{4}{}^{*} = i_{4} - \Delta i, 
\hskip0,3cm
i_{7}{}^{*} = i_{7} - \Delta i.i_ {1} {} ^ * = i_ {1} - \ Delta i, 
 \ hskip0,3cm
i_ {4} {} ^ * = i_ {4} - \ Delta i, 
 \ hskip0,3cm
i_ {7} {} ^ * = i_ {7} - \ Delta i.

La diferencia \Deltai de relaciones de transmisión garantiza que el embrague 20 pueda permanecer en estado de deslizamiento en todos los cambios de marchas, lo cual se puede dominar más fácilmente en cuanto a la técnica de regulación que un paso a la situación de adherencia.The difference Δ of relations of transmission ensures that clutch 20 can remain in state slip on all gear changes, which can be master more easily in terms of regulation technique than a step to the situation of adherence.

A continuación se explica la forma de funcionamiento de la caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio propuesta en la presente invención, con ayuda de estados de funcionamiento a título de ejemplo.The following explains how to gearbox operation with tree intermediate proposed in the present invention, with the help of states of operation by way of example.

Si el vehículo 18 se encuentra en estado de parada, están abiertos todos los acoplamientos de las marchas GK y GK*.If vehicle 18 is in a state of stop, all the couplings of the GK gears are open and GK *.

Al poner en marcha el motor de combustión interna 10 por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12 (dinamo), está cerrado el embrague 20.When starting the internal combustion engine 10 by means of the electric machine 12 (dynamo), the clutch 20.

Al realizarse el accionamiento del grupo o equipo auxiliar 16 y de la máquina eléctrica 12 por medio del motor de combustión interna 10 (funcionamiento de generador, carga de la batería), el embrague 20 está igualmente cerrado.When the group or equipment drive is performed auxiliary 16 and electric machine 12 by means of the motor internal combustion 10 (generator operation, load of the battery), clutch 20 is also closed.

Al realizarse el accionamiento del grupo o equipo auxiliar 16 por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12 con la batería 14, estando parado el motor de combustión interna 10, está abierto el embrague 20.When the group or equipment drive is performed auxiliary 16 by means of the electric machine 12 with the battery 14, while the internal combustion engine 10 is stopped, the clutch 20.

La caja de cambios propuesta en la presente invención permite el arranque del vehículo de diferentes formas. Al comenzar la marcha del vehículo con el motor de combustión interna 10 y con una eventual ayuda por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12 (dinamo), primeramente están abiertos todos los acoplamientos de las marchas GK. Luego se cierra el acoplamiento de la marcha GK1* en el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28, estando abiertos los acoplamientos de las marchas GK4* y GK7*. El embrague 20 es presionado con fuerza de apriete, de manera que el vehículo acelera su marcha. Por medio de la relación:The gearbox proposed here The invention allows the vehicle to start in different ways. To the start the vehicle with the internal combustion engine 10 and with an eventual help through the electric machine 12 (dynamo), first all the couplings are open the GK gears. Then the GK1 * gear coupling is closed in the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28, the couplings being open of gears GK4 * and GK7 *. Clutch 20 is pressed hard of tightening, so that the vehicle accelerates its march. Through of the relationship:

i_{1}{}^{*} = i_{1} - \Delta ii_ {1} {} ^ * = i_ {1} - \ Delta i

se alcanza el número de revoluciones de sincronización en el acoplamiento de la marcha GK1 con el embrague 20 en deslizamiento. Luego se cierra el acoplamiento de la marcha GK1 y se abre el embrague 20. A continuación tiene lugar un desplazamiento del vehículo 18 en la primera marcha. Es posible una ayuda (impulsión adicional) por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12 mediante la batería 14 a través del embrague de la marcha GK1*.the number of synchronization revolutions in gear coupling GK1 With the clutch 20 sliding. Then the coupling closes of gear GK1 and clutch 20 is opened. Then it has place a displacement of the vehicle 18 in the first gear. Is Possible help (additional drive) by means of the machine electric 12 via battery 14 through the clutch of the March GK1 *.

Cuando se inicia la marcha del vehículo en forma exclusivamente eléctrica, están primeramente abiertos todos los acoplamientos GK de las marchas. Luego se cierra el acoplamiento GK1* de la marcha situado en el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28, mientras que están abiertos los acoplamientos de las marchas GK4* y GK7*. El embrague 20 está también abierto. A continuación la máquina eléctrica 12 acelera el vehículo 18 por medio del acoplamiento GK1* de la marcha.When the vehicle starts to get fit exclusively electric, they are first open all GK couplings of the gears. Then the coupling closes GK1 * of the gear located in the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28, while the GK4 * gear couplings are open and GK7 *. Clutch 20 is also open. Then the electric machine 12 accelerates vehicle 18 by means of GK1 * gear coupling.

También es posible que el motor de combustión interna 10 se haga cargo de la carga después de un comienzo puramente eléctrico de la marcha del vehículo. Para ello, el motor de combustión interna 10 es puesto en marcha mediante el cierre del embrague 20. Aquí es ventajoso el poder utilizar el par de inercia del vehículo 18. Sin embargo, para ello hay que tener en cuenta que un arranque sin tirones del motor de combustión interna 10 solo es posible si la máquina eléctrica 12 (dinamo) proporciona un par suficiente para acelerar el vehículo 18 y al mismo tiempo para arrancar el motor de combustión interna 10. Si está previsto un arrancador independiente en el motor de combustión interna 10, esto no supone ningún problema. El motor de combustión interna 10 sincroniza el correspondiente acoplamiento GKi de la marcha deseada "i", y a continuación se cierra el correspondiente acoplamiento de la marcha y se abre el embrague 20.It is also possible that the combustion engine Internal 10 takes over the load after a start purely electric vehicle gear. To do this, the engine Internal combustion 10 is started by closing the clutch 20. Here it is advantageous to be able to use the inertia torque of the vehicle 18. However, for this, it must be taken into account that a pull-free start of the internal combustion engine 10 is only possible if the electric machine 12 (dynamo) provides a torque enough to accelerate vehicle 18 and at the same time to start the internal combustion engine 10. If a independent starter in internal combustion engine 10, this It is not a problem. The internal combustion engine 10 synchronize the corresponding GKi coupling of the desired gear "i", and then the corresponding one is closed gear coupling and clutch 20 opens.

La conexión de una marcha más alta bajo carga está explicada mediante el ejemplo del cambio de la primera marcha a la segunda marcha estando el vehículo en tracción.The connection of a higher gear under load is explained by the example of the first gear change to the second gear while the vehicle is in traction.

El estado inicial de partida es en este caso un desplazamiento en la primera marcha, en el que está cerrado el acoplamiento GK1 de la marcha y están abiertos todos los demás acoplamientos GK de las marchas. Todos los acoplamientos GK* de las marchas en el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28 están igualmente abiertos. Entonces se sincroniza primeramente el acoplamiento GK4* de la marcha por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12 y a continuación se cierra dicho acoplamiento. A continuación se conecta el embrague 20, con lo cual tiene lugar una transmisión adicional del par desde el motor de combustión interna 10, a través del embrague 20 y del acoplamiento GK4* de la marcha hasta el vehículo 18. El acoplamiento GK1 de la marcha queda entonces liberado de carga. Esta liberación de la carga puede ser apoyada por la máquina eléctrica. Cuando no existe carga, se hace el acoplamiento GK1 de la marcha y disminuye el número de revoluciones del motor de combustión interna. Tan pronto como se alcanza el número de revoluciones de sincronización en el acoplamiento GK2 de la marcha, se cierra este acoplamiento. A continuación se abre el embrague 20, de manera que queda sometido a presión el acoplamiento GK2 de la marcha y queda liberado de presión el acoplamiento GK4* de la marcha.The initial state of departure is in this case a displacement in the first gear, in which the GK1 gear coupling and all others are open GK couplings of the gears. All GK * couplings of gears in the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28 are also open. Then the GK4 * coupling is synchronized first * of the march by means of the electric machine 12 and then said coupling is closed. Then the clutch is connected 20, whereby an additional transmission of the torque from the internal combustion engine 10, through the clutch 20 and the GK4 * coupling of the gear to vehicle 18. The GK1 coupling of the gear is then freed. This Load release can be supported by the electric machine. When there is no load, the GK1 coupling of the gear is made and the number of revolutions of the combustion engine decreases internal As soon as the speed of synchronization in the GK2 gear coupling, this is closed coupling Then the clutch 20 is opened, so that the GK2 gear coupling is under pressure and remains The GK4 * coupling is released from the gear.

Por medio del aumento dinámico del par como consecuencia del frenado de la masa del motor de combustión interna 10, el par de deslizamiento en el embrague 20 puede ser mayor que el par del motor de combustión interna 10 en ese momento. Lo importante es que no se alcance un estado de adherencia del embrague 20 al realizar la operación del cambio de marchas. En la forma correspondiente se desarrollan los cambios de marchas de tracción en elevación desde la segunda hasta la tercera marcha y desde la tercera hasta la cuarta marcha. Los cambios de marchas por tracción en elevación desde la cuarta hasta la quinta marcha, desde la quinta hasta la sexta marcha y desde la sexta hasta la séptima marcha tienen lugar con el acoplamiento GK7* para la marcha, en lugar del acoplamiento GK4* para la marcha. Los cambios ascendentes de marchas dobles o múltiples se desarrollan igual que los cambios de marchas en elevación de una sola marcha. Salvo al realizar el cambio a través de la cuarta marcha. Se debe tener en cuenta que es necesaria la identificación del estado de carga en los acoplamientos GK para las marchas.Through the dynamic increase in torque as consequence of the braking of the mass of the internal combustion engine 10, the slip torque in clutch 20 may be greater than the torque of the internal combustion engine 10 at that time. The important is that a clutch adhesion state is not reached 20 when performing the gearshift operation. In the way corresponding traction gear changes are developed in elevation from the second to the third gear and from the Third to fourth gear. Traction gear changes in elevation from the fourth to the fifth gear, from the fifth to sixth gear and from sixth to seventh gear takes place with the GK7 * coupling for running, in GK4 * coupling location for travel. Ascending changes double or multiple gears develop just like the changes of gears in elevation of a single march. Except when performing Shift through the fourth gear. It should be taken into account that it is necessary to identify the state of charge in the GK couplings for gears.

Mediante el ejemplo de un cambio de marchas desde la tercera hasta la segunda marcha, se explica a continuación el modo de realizar un cambio descendente de marcha bajo carga.Through the example of a gearshift from the third to the second gear, the following is explained way of performing a descending gear change under load.

El estado inicial de partida es un desplazamiento del vehículo en la tercera marcha. En esta marcha está cerrado el acoplamiento GK3 para la marcha y están abiertos todos los demás acoplamientos GK para las marchas en el árbol intermedio de carga 26. También están abiertos todos los acoplamientos GK* de las marchas situados sobre el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28, lo mismo que el embrague 20.The initial state of departure is a displacement of the vehicle in the third gear. In this march the GK3 coupling for running and all others are open GK couplings for gears in the intermediate load shaft 26. All GK * couplings of the gears located on the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28, the same as the clutch 20.

El acoplamiento de marcha GK4* es sincronizado primeramente por la máquina eléctrica 12 y a continuación es cerrado. El embrague 20 resulta presionado, con lo cual tiene lugar una transmisión adicional del par desde el motor de combustión interna 10, a través del embrague 20 y del acoplamiento de marcha GK4* hasta el vehículo 18. Entonces queda liberado de carga el acoplamiento de marcha GK3. Es posible y conveniente una ayuda a la supresión de la carga en el acoplamiento de marcha por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12. Cuando no existe carga, se abre el acoplamiento de marcha GK3. El número de revoluciones del motor de combustión interna 10 aumenta a causa del aumento del par del motor de combustión interna 10 y por medio de la reducción del par de deslizamiento del embrague 20. Tan pronto como se ha alcanzado el número de revoluciones de sincronización en el acoplamiento de marcha GK2, se cierra éste y se abre el embrague 20. Esto hace que el acoplamiento de marcha GK2 quede sometido a carga y quede suprimida la carga en el acoplamiento de marcha GK4*.GK4 * gear coupling is synchronized firstly by electric machine 12 and then it is closed. The clutch 20 is pressed, which takes place an additional torque transmission from the combustion engine internal 10, through clutch 20 and gear coupling GK4 * to vehicle 18. Then the GK3 gear coupling. It is possible and convenient to help load suppression in the gear coupling by means of the electric machine 12. When there is no charge, the GK3 gear coupling. The engine speed of internal combustion 10 increases due to increased engine torque of internal combustion 10 and by reducing the torque of clutch slip 20. As soon as the number of synchronization revolutions in the coupling of GK2 gear, it closes and clutch 20 opens. This makes the GK2 gear coupling is under load and remains the load in the gear coupling GK4 * has been suppressed.

Tampoco en esta operación de conexión o cambio de marcha se alcanza un estado de adherencia del embrague 20. Un cambio de marcha descendente desde la segunda marcha y desde la cuarta hasta la tercera marcha se realiza en la forma correspondiente. Un cambio de marcha descendente desde la séptima hasta la sexta marcha, desde la sexta hasta la quinta marcha y desde la quinta hasta la cuarta marcha se realiza con el acoplamiento de marcha GK7*, en lugar del acoplamiento de marcha GK4*. Los cambios descendentes de marchas dobles o múltiples se realizan igual que los cambios de marchas descendentes individuales de una marcha a otra. Esto ocurre también en el cambio de marcha a través de la cuarta marcha. También aquí es necesaria una identificación del estado de carga en los acoplamientos de marcha GK.Nor in this connection operation or change of gear reaches a clutch grip state 20. A gearshift from the second gear and from the fourth to third gear is done in the form correspondent. A change of gear down from the seventh until the sixth gear, from the sixth to the fifth gear and from the fifth to the fourth gear is done with the GK7 * gear coupling, instead of the gear coupling GK4 *. The descending changes of double or multiple gears are perform the same as the changes of individual descending gears from one march to another. This also happens in the gear change to through the fourth gear Also here a identification of the state of charge in the gear couplings GK

A continuación se indican a título de ejemplo otros estados de funcionamiento para explicar la forma de funcionamiento de la caja de cambio de marchas propuesta en la presente invención.The following are given by way of example other operating states to explain the way operation of the gearbox proposed in the present invention

Al circular el vehículo en una marcha "i" con el motor de combustión interna 10, está cerrado el correspondiente acoplamiento de marcha GKi y están abiertos todos los demás acoplamientos de marchas GK. Está cerrado un acoplamiento de marcha GK* en el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28, mientras que están abiertos los otros acoplamientos de marchas GK*. El embrague 20 está igualmente abierto. Por medio de la transmisión del par entre la máquina eléctrica 12 y el vehículo 18 es posible un accionamiento adicional con la máquina eléctrica 12 y un funcionamiento de la misma como generador para cargar la batería 14.When driving the vehicle in a "i" gear with internal combustion engine 10, the corresponding GKi gear coupling and all are open the other GK gear couplings. A coupling is closed GK * gear on auxiliary intermediate shaft 28, while the other GK * gear couplings are open. The clutch 20 is equally open. Through torque transmission between the electric machine 12 and the vehicle 18 a additional drive with electric machine 12 and a operation of it as a generator to charge the battery 14.

Por regla general se desconecta el motor de combustión interna 10 durante el desplazamiento del vehículo, cuando éste es empujado. Se parte para ello de un desplazamiento en una marcha "i" de manera que el acoplamiento de marcha GKi está cenado. La máquina eléctrica 12 está acoplada sobre el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28 por medio de un acoplamiento de marcha GK*, mientras que está abierto el embrague 20. La retirada del par proporcionado por el motor de combustión interna 10 se realiza de manera que el acoplamiento de marcha GKi queda libre de carga. Tiene lugar entonces la apertura del acoplamiento de marcha GKi y la desconexión del motor de combustión interna 10. La máquina eléctrica 12 puede continuar actuando sobre el vehículo 18 (funcionamiento mediante motor o generador) y puede ayudar a liberar de carga los acoplamientos de marcha GKi en el árbol intermedio de carga 26.As a general rule, the motor is switched off internal combustion 10 during the movement of the vehicle, When it is pushed. It starts from a displacement in a gear "i" so that the gear coupling GKi He has dinner. The electric machine 12 is coupled on the shaft auxiliary intermediate 28 by means of a GK * gear coupling, while clutch 20 is open. Torque removal provided by the internal combustion engine 10 is made of so that the GKi gear coupling is free of charge. The opening of the GKi gear coupling takes place and disconnection of the internal combustion engine 10. The machine electric 12 can continue to operate on vehicle 18 (operation by motor or generator) and can help unload the GKi gear couplings in the shaft intermediate load 26.

En caso de recuperación con el motor de combustión 10 parado, está abierto el embrague 20, lo mismo que todos los acoplamientos de marchas GK. Un acoplamiento de marcha GK* está cerrado, mientras que están abiertos los restantes acoplamientos de marchas GK*. El accionamiento de la máquina eléctrica 12 por medio del vehículo 18 se realiza a través de un acoplamiento de marcha GK* cerrado sobre el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28.In case of recovery with the engine combustion 10 stopped, clutch 20 is open, the same as all GK gear couplings. A gear coupling GK * is closed, while the remaining ones are open GK * gear couplings. Machine drive electric 12 by means of vehicle 18 is performed through a gear coupling GK * closed on the intermediate shaft auxiliary 28.

Al poner en marcha y sincronizar el motor de combustión interna 10 a partir de la recuperación, estando parado el motor de combustión interna 10, se debe proceder del modo siguiente:When starting and synchronizing the motor internal combustion 10 after recovery, standing still the internal combustion engine 10, must proceed in the manner next:

El acoplamiento de marcha GKi* cerrado es liberado de carga por la máquina eléctrica 12 y a continuación es abierto. Se cierra el embrague 20 (por adherencia). El motor de combustión interna 10 se pone en marcha por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12. A continuación se abre el embrague 20. El correspondiente acoplamiento de marcha GKi de la marcha deseada "i" es sincronizado por medio del motor de combustión interna 10 y a continuación se cierra. La sincronización de un acoplamiento de marcha GK* se realiza por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12. A continuación se cierra este acoplamiento de marcha GKi*.The closed GKi * gear coupling is freed by electric machine 12 and then it is open. Clutch 20 is closed (by adhesion). The engine of internal combustion 10 is started by means of the machine electric 12. Then the clutch is opened 20. The corresponding GKi gear coupling of the desired gear "i" is synchronized by means of the internal combustion engine 10 and then it closes. The synchronization of a coupling GK * is carried out by means of the electric machine 12. A This GKi * gear coupling is closed.

En caso de accionamiento del grupo o equipo auxiliar 16 por medio de la máquina eléctrica 12, lo que ocurre por ejemplo si está parado el vehículo 18, el embrague 20 está abierto y están abiertos también los acoplamientos de marchas GK* en el árbol intermedio auxiliar 28.In case of group or equipment operation auxiliary 16 by means of the electric machine 12, which occurs by example if vehicle 18 is stopped, clutch 20 is open and the GK * gear couplings are also open in the auxiliary intermediate shaft 28.

Alternativamente a la forma de realización descrita hasta ahora, la caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio propuesta en la presente invención puede ser realizada también sin máquina eléctrica o dinamo. En este caso se necesitan embragues de fricción sincronizados en el árbol intermedio auxiliar del, así como un arrancador/generador situado directamente en el motor de combustión interna. El embrague puede estar colocado coaxialmente respecto al árbol de entrada de la caja de cambios.Alternatively to the embodiment described so far, the gearbox of gears with tree intermediate proposed in the present invention can be performed also without electric machine or dynamo. In this case you need friction clutches synchronized in the auxiliary intermediate shaft of, as well as a starter / generator located directly in the Internal combustion engine. The clutch can be placed coaxially with respect to the input shaft of the box changes

Claims (7)

1. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio para vehículos de motor (18), para la transmisión de un par de giro de un motor de combustión interna (10) hasta el vehículo de motor (18), caracterizada en que comprende un árbol intermedio de carga (26) y con un árbol intermedio auxiliar (28), que puede ser unido a un árbol de entrada (23) de la caja de cambios, estando el árbol intermedio auxiliar (28) construido para transmitir un par adicional.1. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft for motor vehicles (18), for the transmission of a torque of an internal combustion engine (10) to the motor vehicle (18), characterized in that it comprises a shaft intermediate load (26) and with an auxiliary intermediate shaft (28), which can be attached to an input shaft (23) of the gearbox, the auxiliary intermediate shaft (28) being constructed to transmit an additional torque. 2. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque un embrague (20) garantiza la posibilidad de unión entre el árbol intermedio auxiliar (28) y el árbol de entrada (23) de la caja de cambios.2. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft, according to claim 1, characterized in that a clutch (20) guarantees the possibility of joining between the auxiliary intermediate shaft (28) and the input shaft (23) of the gearbox . 3. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque como embrague (20) se emplea un embrague de discos en húmedo.3. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft, made according to claim 2, characterized in that a wet disc clutch is used as a clutch (20). 4. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada porque está prevista una máquina eléctrica o dinamo (12) unida al árbol intermedio auxiliar (28).4. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft, made according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an electric machine or dynamo (12) attached to the auxiliary intermediate shaft (28) is provided. 5. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque la máquina eléctrica o dinamo (12) está conectada a una batería (14).5. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft, made according to claim 4, characterized in that the electric machine or dynamo (12) is connected to a battery (14). 6. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada porque está previsto un arrancador/generador situado directamente en el motor de combustión interna (10) y se dispone de embragues de fricción sincronizados colocados sobre el árbol intermedio auxiliar (28).6. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft, made according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a starter / generator is provided directly located in the internal combustion engine (10) and has synchronized friction clutches placed on the auxiliary intermediate shaft (28). 7. Caja de cambios de marchas con árbol intermedio, realizada según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizada porque está previsto un grupo o equipo auxiliar adicional (16).7. Gearbox of gears with intermediate shaft, made according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an additional auxiliary group or equipment is provided (16).
ES200300234A 2002-01-30 2003-01-30 Counter shaft transmission used for automobile Pending ES2239498A1 (en)

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DE10203514A DE10203514A1 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-01-30 Intermediate gear change box for transferring torque in an internal combustion engine to a motor vehicle has a layshaft under load and an auxiliary layshaft linked to a gearbox feed shaft

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