ES2233187A1 - Compound recuperation of lead from drinking and waste water comprises formation of ion exchange resins by selective reversible coordination of lead - Google Patents

Compound recuperation of lead from drinking and waste water comprises formation of ion exchange resins by selective reversible coordination of lead

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Publication number
ES2233187A1
ES2233187A1 ES200301940A ES200301940A ES2233187A1 ES 2233187 A1 ES2233187 A1 ES 2233187A1 ES 200301940 A ES200301940 A ES 200301940A ES 200301940 A ES200301940 A ES 200301940A ES 2233187 A1 ES2233187 A1 ES 2233187A1
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lead
compound
recovery
drinking
recuperation
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ES200301940A
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ES2233187B1 (en
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Andres Manuel De Blas Varela
Maria Teresa Rodriguez Blas
Fernando Avecilla Porto
Carlos Platas Iglesias
David Esteban Gomez
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Universidade da Coruna
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Universidade da Coruna
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  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)

Abstract

The compound recuperation of lead from drinking and waste water has selective and reversible coordination of Pb(II), permitting its removal by liquid-liquid extraction. The macrobicyclic molecule with a polymeric resin, forms ion-exchange resins which are regenerated in acid medium, releasing a lead salt and the protonated receptor molecule.

Description

Compuesto para la eliminación y recuperación de plomo en aguas residuales y potables.Compound for the elimination and recovery of lead in sewage and drinking water.

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a una nueva molécula macrobicíclica capaz de complejar selectivamente el plomo de forma eficiente y reversible, de modo que acidificando se recupera la molécula original que puede ser reutilizada y una sal de plomo. Este compuesto puede ser usado en disolución para la extracción con disolventes orgánicos, pero para su aplicación comercial la molécula se puede fijar a un soporte sólido, por ejemplo cualquiera de los polímeros de los que se utilizan como esqueleto en resinas de cambio iónico (por ejemplo co-polímeros divinilbenceno estireno) o silica gel.The present invention relates to a new macrobicyclic molecule capable of selectively complexing lead efficiently and reversibly, so that by acidifying it recover the original molecule that can be reused and a salt of lead. This compound can be used in solution for extraction with organic solvents, but for application commercial the molecule can be fixed to a solid support, by example any of the polymers of which are used as skeleton in ion exchange resins (for example co-polymers divinylbenzene styrene) or silica gel.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

En la actualidad existen gran cantidad de resinas de cambio iónico sustituidas para lograr la recuperación de metales contenidos en aguas residuales industriales con el fin de evitar que estos lleguen a los cauces naturales de agua y evitar la contaminación.There are currently a large number of resins of ionic exchange substituted to achieve the recovery of metals contained in industrial wastewater in order to prevent these reach the natural waterways and avoid pollution.

También existen sistemas de filtración para uso doméstico generalmente basados en carbono activo o resinas de cambio iónico no selectivas.There are also filtration systems for use usually based on active carbon or exchange resins Non-selective ionic.

Con relación a la recuperación de plomo, los sistemas usados con mayor frecuencia se basan en la precipitación o en la recuperación electrolítica. Pero únicamente hemos encontrado una patente rusa de un sistema de recuperación de Pb de aguas residuales industriales basado en poly(2-oxapropilene)-2-hidroxypolyamine-N-((\beta-hidroyethyl)-polyamine (pat. N° SU 1521785 1987-4344207).In relation to lead recovery, most frequently used systems are based on precipitation or in electrolytic recovery. But we have only found a Russian patent for a water Pb recovery system industrial waste based on poly (2-oxapropilene) -2-hydroxypolyamine-N - ((β-hydroyethyl) -polyamine (Pat. No. SU 1521785 1987-4344207).

Los sistemas de precipitación y la recuperación electrolítica tienen el inconveniente de que únicamente pueden ser usados cuando la concentración de plomo es grande y requieren de instalaciones costosas y relativamente complejas. Son relativamente económicos a nivel industrial pero no pueden ser usados cuando la concentración de plomo es pequeña ni tampoco son utilizables a escala doméstica cuando lo que se pretende es proteger a un pequeño consumidor doméstico frente al plomo que pueda contener el agua que llega a su casa procedente, por ejemplo, de las tuberías construidas en ese metal. La ventaja de estos sistemas basados en la fijación de moléculas selectivas sobre esqueletos poliméricos es que pueden ser preparados en dimensiones adecuadas para su uso a escala doméstica. De este tipo de sistemas se han descrito algunos basados en receptores del tipo criptato (benzo[2.2.2]cryptando) en la bibliografía (Vom Waser (1997) 89, 115-123) pero la introducción de sistemas lateralmente asimétricos mejora sustancialmente la estabilidad y selectividad del sistema. Finalmente presenta la importante ventaja de que el plomo retenido se libera fácilmente eluyendo con una disolución de un ácido fuerte, y de este modo puede ser recuperado, mientras que la resina conteniendo la molécula que retiene selectivamente al plomo puede ser reutilizada. A escala industrial este sistema también puede ser utilizado con ventaja sobre los métodos de precipitación, siempre que la concentración de plomo sea baja y para ello se introducirá la resina funcionalizada en una torre o una columna de cambio fónico.Precipitation systems and recovery electrolytic have the disadvantage that they can only be used when the concentration of lead is large and require expensive and relatively complex facilities. Are relatively economically at industrial level but cannot be used when the Lead concentration is small nor are they usable at domestic scale when what is intended is to protect a small domestic consumer against lead that may contain the water that comes home from, for example, the pipes built In that metal. The advantage of these systems based on fixing selective molecules on polymeric skeletons is that they can be Prepared in dimensions suitable for use on a domestic scale. Some of these systems have been described based on cryptate type receptors (benzo [2.2.2] cryptando) in the bibliography (Vom Waser (1997) 89, 115-123) but the introduction of laterally asymmetric systems improves substantially the stability and selectivity of the system. Finally, it has the important advantage that the lead retained it is easily released eluting with a solution of a strong acid, and in this way it can be recovered while the resin containing the molecule that selectively retains lead can be reused On an industrial scale this system can also be used with advantage over precipitation methods, always that the concentration of lead is low and for this the functionalized resin in a tower or a change column phonic.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

En la figura 1 se presenta la formula estructural del receptor macrobicíclico activo para la complejación selectiva y reversible del plomo(II) y que permite su eliminación y recuperación de aguas residuales y de aguas potables. Este esqueleto base puede usarse en disolución o puede unirse bien por el coronando, bien por uno de los anillos bencílicos, o bien por el anillo de la piridina a cualquiera de los tipos de polímeros usados habitualmente en la preparación de resinas de cambio iónico (especialmente copolímeros de estireno con divinilbenceno o con etilenglicol) o bien se pueden unir a sílica gel sustituyéndolos con trietoxisilano (ver por ejemplo solvent extraction and ion exchange (1989) 7(5) 855-864 para ver el proceso de funcionalización de un eter corona de esta manera). La funcionalización en cualquiera de las posiciones indicadas se puede realizar usando procesos bien descritos en la bibliografía y ampliamente conocidos.The structural formula is presented in Figure 1 of the active macrobicyclic receptor for selective complexation and reversible lead (II) and that allows its elimination and wastewater and drinking water recovery. This skeleton  base can be used in solution or it can be joined well by the crowning, either by one of the benzyl rings, or by the pyridine ring to any of the types of polymers used usually in the preparation of ion exchange resins (especially copolymers of styrene with divinylbenzene or with ethylene glycol) or they can be attached to silica gel by replacing them with triethoxysilane (see for example solvent extraction and ion exchange (1989) 7 (5) 855-864 to see the functionalization process of an ether crown in this way). The functionalization in any of the indicated positions you can perform using processes well described in the literature and widely known

La funcionalidad del receptor no cambia si se introducen sustituyentes respetando el esqueleto presentado en la figura 1.The functionality of the receiver does not change if it introduce substituents respecting the skeleton presented in the Figure 1.

El receptor no puede ser preparado por síntesis directa del N,N'-bis(2-amoino bencil)-4-,13-diaza-18-corona-6 con diformil piridina, pero se prepara mediante un proceso "template" permanente usando como plantilla perclorato de Ba (descrito en Inorganic Chemistry (1999) 38, 1937-1944). Una vez preparado el Ba(II) puede ser sustituido fácilmente por el Pb(II). El receptor indicado coordina selectivamente al plomo, de modo que en medio neutro o básico retiene a este metal intercambiándolo por el Ba(II) pero en medio ácido se libera la sal de plomo y se recupera el ligando diprotonado que puede ser reutilizado para recuperar más plomo. Naturalmente el proceso resulta mucho más sencillo cuando el receptor se fija sobre un soporte polimérico de modo que se prepara una columna de intercambio rellena con el polímero funcionalizado con el receptor y se eluye alternativamente con el agua que contiene plomo, y a continuación la resina se regenera haciendo pasar una disolución de ácido fuerte.The receiver cannot be prepared by synthesis direct from N, N'-bis (2-amoino benzyl) -4-, 13-diaza-18-corona-6 with diformil pyridine, but it is prepared by a process permanent template using Ba's perchlorate template (described in Inorganic Chemistry (1999) 38, 1937-1944). Once prepared the Ba (II) It can be easily substituted by Pb (II). The receptor indicated selectively coordinates lead, so that in between neutral or basic retains this metal by exchanging it for the Ba (II) but lead acid is released in an acid medium and retrieves the diprotonate ligand that can be reused for Recover more lead. Naturally the process is much more simple when the receiver is fixed on a polymeric support of so that an exchange column is prepared filled with the polymer functionalized with the receptor and eluted alternately with the water that contains lead, and then the resin is regenerates by passing a strong acid solution.

En la figura 2 se presenta la estructura cristalina del receptor diprotonado tal y como se obtiene una vez que se ha liberado el plomo por tratamiento con un ácido fuerte. Este proceso no es un proceso simple sino que transcurre en etapas, la figura 3 presenta la estructura cristalina del complejo del receptor con Pb(II) en medio neutro, una vez que se comienza la acidificación el receptor se protona en uno de los nitrógenos terciarios y el plomo se desplaza al extremo opuesto de la cavidad formando el complejo cuya estructura cristalina se presenta en la figura 4. Finalmente, si se sigue acidificando, se obtiene el receptor diprotonado representado en la figura 2, tras liberar el Pb(II).Figure 2 shows the structure crystalline diprotonate receptor as obtained once that lead has been released by treatment with a strong acid. This process is not a simple process but takes place in stages, Figure 3 shows the crystal structure of the complex of receptor with Pb (II) in neutral medium, once it starts acidification the receptor is protonated in one of the nitrogen tertiary and the lead moves to the opposite end of the cavity forming the complex whose crystalline structure is presented in the Figure 4. Finally, if it is still acidified, the Diprotonate receiver shown in Figure 2, after releasing the Pb (II).

Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures

Para completar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integral de la misma, un juego de figuras en el que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se representa lo siguiente:To complete the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, is accompanied herein descriptive, as an integral part of it, a set of figures in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, represents next:

\bullet Figura 1: Fórmula estructural del receptor macobicíclico;Figure 1: Structural formula of macobicyclic receptor;

\bullet Figura 2: Estructura cristalina del receptor diprotonadoFigure 2: Crystal structure of the diprotoned receptor

\bullet Figura 3: Estructura cristalina del complejo del receptor con Pb(II) en medio neutro.Figure 3: Crystal structure of the receptor complex with Pb (II) in neutral medium.

\bullet Figura 4: Estructura cristalina del complejo del receptor con PB (II) monoprotonado.Figure 4: Crystal structure of the receptor complex with monoprotonated PB (II).

Realización preferente de la invenciónPreferred Embodiment of the Invention

El receptor presentado, o cualquier otro compuesto que contenga a este receptor como grupo funcional dentro de su estructura puede ser usado para eliminar y recuperar plomo de aguas potables o de aguas residuales para evitar que sea consumido o que llegue a ser liberado en el medio ambiente. Para ello podemos hacer pasar a disolución que contiene plomo por una columna rellena de la resina polimérica, o de la sílica gel a la que se ha fijado el receptor. Una vez que se ha agotado la capacidad de cambio del compuesto el plomo se libera haciendo pasar una disolución de ácido 0.5 N recuperándose la sal de Pb(II) correspondiente, y regenerando la columna que puede ser reutilizada.The presented receiver, or any other compound containing this receptor as a functional group within of its structure can be used to remove and recover lead from drinking water or sewage to prevent it from being consumed or May it be released into the environment. For this we can run into solution containing lead through a filled column of the polymeric resin, or of the silica gel to which the receiver. Once the exchange capacity of the compound lead is released by passing an acid solution 0.5 N recovering the corresponding Pb (II) salt, and Regenerating the column that can be reused.

Claims (4)

1. Compuesto para la eliminación y recuperación de plomo en aguas residuales y potables de fórmula C_{33}H_{41}N_{5}O_{4}, y cuya fórmula estructural, representada en la figura 1, es la siguiente:1. Compound for disposal and recovery of lead in sewage and drinking water of formula C 33 H 41 N 5 O 4, and whose structural formula, represented in figure 1, is the following: 1one 2. Compuesto para la eliminación y recuperación de plomo en aguas residuales y potables, caracterizado, según la reivindicación 1ª, porque permite complejar de forma selectiva al plomo(II), reteniéndolo en medio neutro o básico.2. Compound for the elimination and recovery of lead in wastewater and drinking water, characterized according to claim 1, because it allows selectively complexing lead (II), retaining it in neutral or basic medium. 3. Compuesto para la eliminación y recuperación de plomo en aguas residuales y potables, caracterizado, según las reivindicaciones 1ª y 2ª, porque, una vez que ha fijado el plomo, el proceso se puede revertir de forma sencilla añadiendo un ácido fuerte liberando la sal de plomo y quedando el compuesto descrito en la reivindicación 1ª protonado y listo para ser utilizado de nuevo para la recuperación de plomo.3. Compound for the elimination and recovery of lead in sewage and drinking water, characterized according to claims 1 and 2, because once the lead has been fixed, the process can be reversed easily by adding a strong acid releasing the salt of lead and the compound described in claim 1 being protonated and ready to be used again for the recovery of lead. 4. Compuesto para la eliminación y recuperación de plomo en aguas residuales y potables, caracterizado, según las reivindicaciones 1ª, 2ª y 3ª, porque puede actuar en disolución, pero también se puede fijar a un polímero comercial, o sobre sílica gel para obtener resinas funcionalizadas para la extracción selectiva de plomo y su posterior recuperación.4. Compound for the removal and recovery of lead in sewage and drinking water, characterized according to claims 1, 2 and 3, because it can act in solution, but can also be fixed to a commercial polymer, or silica gel to obtain resins functionalized for the selective extraction of lead and its subsequent recovery.
ES200301940A 2003-08-11 2003-08-11 COMPOSITE FOR THE ELIMINATION AND RECOVERY OF LEAD IN RESIDUAL AND POTABLE WATERS. Expired - Fee Related ES2233187B1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4943375A (en) * 1987-09-04 1990-07-24 Brigham Young University The process of separating a selected ion from a plurality of other ions in a multiple ion solution by contacting the solution with a macrocyclic ligand bonded to silica which selectively complexes with the desired ion
WO1994026943A1 (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-24 Ibc Advanced Technologies, Inc. Process for removing, separating, and concentrating metals

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4943375A (en) * 1987-09-04 1990-07-24 Brigham Young University The process of separating a selected ion from a plurality of other ions in a multiple ion solution by contacting the solution with a macrocyclic ligand bonded to silica which selectively complexes with the desired ion
WO1994026943A1 (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-24 Ibc Advanced Technologies, Inc. Process for removing, separating, and concentrating metals

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D. ESTEBAN et al. "Barium templating Schiff-base lateral macrobicycles", Inorg. Chem., 1999, Vol. 38, n‘ 8, paginas 1937-1944, compuesto L5. *
D. ESTEBAN et al. "Barium templating Schiff-base lateral macrobicycles", Inorg. Chem., 1999, Vol. 38, nº 8, páginas 1937-1944, compuesto L5. *
D. ESTEBAN et al. "Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) complexes with novel macrocyclic receptors derived from 1,10-diaza-15-crown-5", Eur. J. Inorg., 2000, Vol. 7, paginas 1445-1456, compuesto L5. *
D. ESTEBAN et al. "Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) complexes with novel macrocyclic receptors derived from 1,10-diaza-15-crown-5", Eur. J. Inorg., 2000, Vol. 7, páginas 1445-1456, compuesto L5. *
D. ESTEBAN et al. "Lead (II) complexes with macrocyclic receptors derived from 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6", Inorg. Chem., 2002, Vol. 41, n‘ 17, paginas 4337-4347, compuesto L6, esquema 1. *
D. ESTEBAN et al. "Lead (II) complexes with macrocyclic receptors derived from 4,13-diaza-18-crown-6", Inorg. Chem., 2002, Vol. 41, nº 17, páginas 4337-4347, compuesto L6, esquema 1. *

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