ES2232294A1

ES2232294A1 - Phonatory prosthesis device for tracheostomized individuals, is provided with interior conduits, fixing projection parts and inner membrane i.e. check valve

Info

Publication number: ES2232294A1
Application number: ES200302131A
Authority: ES
Inventors: Luis Blas Mompo Orti
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-09-12
Filing date: 2003-09-12
Publication date: 2005-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 2023-09-12
Also published as: ES2232294B2

Abstract

The device is provided with interior conduits (3, 4), fixing projection parts (8, 9) and an inner membrane i.e. check valve, where the device connects trachea to esophagus of tracheostomized individuals.

Description

Prótesis fonatoria.Phonatory prosthesis

La presente invención consiste en una prótesis fonatoria para ser utilizada por personas que han sufrido extirpación de la laringe de modo que no existe comunicación entre la tráquea y la boca, de modo que no es posible la expulsión de aire y su modulación.The present invention consists of a prosthesis phonatory to be used by people who have suffered removal of the larynx so that there is no communication between the trachea and mouth, so that the expulsion of Air and its modulation.

Las personas que han sufrido una tumoración en la laringe se someten a intervenciones quirúrgicas por la que parte de la laringe o toda ella es extirpada, por lo que para posibilitar la respiración se realiza una traqueotomía consistente en practicar un orificio entre la tráquea y el exterior, dicho orificio llamado estoma.People who have suffered a tumor in the larynx undergo surgical interventions whereby part of the larynx or all of it is removed, so to enable the breathing a tracheotomy is performed consisting of practicing a hole between the trachea and the outside, said hole called stoma.

Salvo que exista un pequeño paso de aire entre la tráquea y la boca, la posibilidad de hablar para una persona laringuectomizada es nula.Unless there is a small air passage between the trachea and mouth, the possibility of speaking for a person Larynguectomy is null.

Algunas personas que sufren esta situación tragan aire al estómago y después lo "eructan" de una manera controlada, de modo que cuando el aire alcanza la boca pueda ser modulado por ésta y así permitir el habla de la persona.Some people who suffer from this situation swallow air to the stomach and then "belching" it in a way controlled, so that when the air reaches the mouth it can be modulated by it and thus allow the person to speak.

Sin embargo, esta situación es molesta para la persona que lo realiza por cuanto está obligado a tragar aire en gran cantidad, lo que puede también afectar a sus procesos digestivos.However, this situation is annoying for the person who does it because he is obliged to swallow air in large amount, which can also affect your processes digestive

La invención que proponemos tiene por objeto una prótesis fonatoria, que comunica la traquea con el esófago y que permite controlar el paso del aire en una sola dirección, sin invadir el esófago, situándose la válvula en el espacio intratraqueoesofágico.The invention that we propose aims at a phonatory prosthesis, which communicates the trachea with the esophagus and that allows to control the passage of air in only one direction, without invade the esophagus, placing the valve in space intratracheoesophageal

Cuando la persona provista de dicha prótesis desea hablar, necesita únicamente obturar el estoma, normalmente provisto de una cánula, con lo que el aire que expulse de los pulmones lo hará por medio de dicha prótesis a través del esófago, ese aire alcanzando la boca y pudiendo, por tanto, ser modulado.When the person provided with said prosthesis You want to talk, you just need to plug the stoma, normally provided with a cannula, so that the air expelled from the lungs will do it through said prosthesis through the esophagus, that air reaching the mouth and being able, therefore, to be modulated.

Con objeto de ilustrar la explicación que va a seguir, adjuntamos a la presente memoria descriptiva tres hojas de dibujos en las que en cuatro figuras se representa la esencia de la presente invención, y en las que:In order to illustrate the explanation that will follow, herewith three sheets of drawings in which the essence of the present invention, and in which:

La figura 1 muestra una sección de la prótesis fonatoria de la invención, conforme a un primer modo de realización,Figure 1 shows a section of the prosthesis phonatory of the invention, according to a first mode of realization,

La figura 2 muestra una vista en planta de la prótesis de la figura 1,Figure 2 shows a plan view of the prosthesis of figure 1,

La figura 3 muestra una sección de la prótesis fonatoria de la invención, conforme a un segundo modo de realización,Figure 3 shows a section of the prosthesis phonatory of the invention, according to a second mode of realization,

La figura 4 muestra una vista en planta de la prótesis de la figura 4,Figure 4 shows a plan view of the prosthesis of figure 4,

La figura 5 muestra una vista en perspectiva de esa misma prótesis, yFigure 5 shows a perspective view of that same prosthesis, and

La figura 6 muestra una vista en esquema de la forma de uso de la prótesis en un individuo traqueotomizado.Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the way of using the prosthesis in a tracheotomized individual.

Como hemos indicado, la prótesis fonatoria objeto de la presente invención está destinada a ser ubicada en una perforación 17 practicada entre la tráquea 14 y el esófago 15, de modo que al ser obturado cualquier otro conducto por el que salir el aire, particularmente el estoma, el aire de la espiración se canaliza a través de la prótesis 1, permitiendo la recepción de aire en la cavidad bucal, y pudiendo a partir de ese momento vocalizar de una manera normal y continua.As we have indicated, the object plumbing prosthesis of the present invention is intended to be located in a perforation 17 performed between trachea 14 and esophagus 15, of so that any other conduit through which to exit is blocked the air, particularly the stoma, the exhalation air is channels through the prosthesis 1, allowing the reception of air in the oral cavity, and being able from that moment vocalize in a normal and continuous way.

La prótesis 1 presenta esencialmente un conducto interior formado por una pared envolvente 2, y que está dividido en dos partes, una exterior 4 que en posición de uso está en comunicación directa con la tráquea 14, y una interior 3 que en posición de uso está en comunicación con el esófago 15. Ambas partes del conducto interior se encuentran separadas por una válvula o membrana 5.The prosthesis 1 essentially has a conduit interior formed by a wrapping wall 2, and which is divided into two parts, an exterior 4 which in use position is in direct communication with trachea 14, and an interior 3 that in position of use is in communication with the esophagus 15. Both parties of the inner duct are separated by a valve or membrane 5.

En una realización preferente, la válvula 5 presenta una membrana de forma cóncava (vista desde la tráquea en posición de uso), y está dotada de una serie de cortes 6, de modo que cuando el aire va de la parte exterior del conducto 4 a la parte interior del conducto 3, las aletas 7 que forman la membrana 5 se separan y permiten el paso de aire en sentido tráquea-esófago, mientras que en sentido inverso dichas aletas 7 tienden a comprimirse entre sí, y en consecuencia obturan el paso e impiden el paso de cualquier sustancia, por ejemplo de alimentos, hacia los pulmones a través de la tráquea 14.In a preferred embodiment, valve 5 it has a concave membrane (seen from the trachea in position of use), and is equipped with a series of cuts 6, so that when the air goes from the outside of the duct 4 to the inner part of the duct 3, the fins 7 that form the membrane 5 they separate and allow the passage of air in the direction trachea-esophagus while in reverse said fins 7 tend to compress each other, and consequently they block the passage and prevent the passage of any substance, by example of food, to the lungs through the trachea 14.

En una realización alternativa, se dispone en el interior del conducto de comunicación de la parte interior con la parte exterior, una pared preferentemente dispuesta en forma oblicua 18, con una parte 19 unida solidariamente al conducto de comunicación hasta una zona 20, en que no existe vínculo solidario entre pared y conducto, quedando suelta una lengüeta 21, que en un sentido permitirá el paso del aire, pero que en sentido contrario dicha lengüeta apoyará sobre la pared del conducto bloqueando el paso de fluidos o sólidos.In an alternative embodiment, it is provided in the inside the communication duct of the inner part with the outer part, a wall preferably arranged in shape oblique 18, with a part 19 joined in solidarity with the conduit of communication to a zone 20, in which there is no solidarity link between wall and duct, leaving a tongue 21 loose, which in a direction will allow the passage of air, but in the opposite direction said tongue will rest on the duct wall blocking the passage of fluids or solids.

Con objeto de facilitar la fijación en el orificio practicado al efecto, se ha previsto que la prótesis 1 disponga unas proyecciones 8, 9 de mayor diámetro que el de las paredes que forman el conducto 3, 4. La proyección 8 exterior es preferentemente plana y dotada de una cierta rigidez (por ejemplo mediante cierto engrosamiento del material), mientras que la interior 9 es preferentemente troncocónica y presenta paredes más flexibles, imposibilitando así de cualquier manera la posible introducción de la prótesis en el conducto digestivo.In order to facilitate fixation in the hole made for this purpose, it is planned that the prosthesis 1 arrange projections 8, 9 of greater diameter than that of the walls that form the conduit 3, 4. The outer projection 8 is preferably flat and endowed with a certain stiffness (for example by some thickening of the material), while the interior 9 is preferably conical and has more walls flexible, thus making it impossible in any way possible Introduction of the prosthesis in the digestive tract.

Con objeto de permitir una correcta colocación y un perfecto ajuste, se ha contemplado que la pared que forma el conducto tenga dos partes, una primera troncocónica 11 más próxima a la parte exterior, y una segunda 10, más próxima a la parte interior. Ello permite que en la colocación de la prótesis ésta entre con facilidad en el orificio en su parte anterior 10, y sea ligeramente presionado por la parte posterior 11.In order to allow proper placement and a perfect fit, it has been contemplated that the wall that forms the duct has two parts, a first conical first trunk 11 to the outside, and a second 10, closer to the part inside. This allows the placement of the prosthesis easily enter the hole in its anterior part 10, and be slightly pressed on the back 11.

El interior de la pared 2 que forma el conducto 3, 4 puede estar provisto interiormente de un elemento rigidizante, tal como un muelle o una lámina de un material rígido polimérico o metálico.The interior of the wall 2 that forms the conduit 3, 4 may be provided internally with a stiffening element, such as a spring or a sheet of a rigid polymeric material or metal.

Se ha previsto, con objeto de evitar la introducción accidental de la prótesis 1 en la tráquea 14, la colocación de un hilo 12 que une la parte exterior de la prótesis 1 con una anilla 13, de diámetro mayor que el del estoma. En caso de introducción en la tráquea 14, bastará tirar del hilo 12 por medio de su anilla 13 para extraerla de la traquea al exterior, y, en su caso, volver a colocarla.It is planned, in order to avoid accidental introduction of prosthesis 1 in trachea 14, the placement of a thread 12 that joins the outer part of the prosthesis 1 with a ring 13, larger in diameter than the stoma. In case of introduction into trachea 14, it is enough to pull thread 12 through of its ring 13 to extract it from the trachea to the outside, and, in its case, replace it.

Es de aplicación industrial en la fabricación de prótesis para el tratamiento de traqueotomizados.It is of industrial application in the manufacture of prosthesis for the treatment of tracheotomized.

Claims

1. Phonatory prosthesis, intended to be placed between the trachea and the esophagus of tracheotomized people, characterized in that it comprises:

--: un conducto (3, 4) que une una parte interior correspondiente al esófago con una parte exterior correspondiente a la tráquea de un individuo traqueotomizado,a conduit (3, 4) that joins an inner part corresponding to the esophagus with a part exterior corresponding to the trachea of an individual tracheotomized,

--: una válvula o membrana (5) que obtura dicho conducto de modo unidireccionala valve or membrane (5) that seals said duct so unidirectional

--: un medio de fijación interior (9), ya fixing means interior (9), and

--: un medio de fijación exterior (8).a fixing means exterior (8).

2. Phonatory prosthesis, according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall (2) forming the inner duct (3, 4) externally has two distinct parts 5, a cylindrical first (10), corresponding to the innermost part, and a second (11) conical hole adjustment, corresponding to the outermost part in use position.

3. Phonatory prosthesis according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve or membrane (5) is disposed between the inner part of the duct (3) and the outer part thereof (4) in use position, and consists of a concave membrane (seen from the trachea in use position), and is provided with a series of cuts (6) that form a set of fins (7), so that when the air goes from the outside of the duct ( 4) to the inside of the duct (3), the fins (7) that form the membrane (5) are separated and allow the passage of air in the trachea-esophageal sense, while in reverse direction said fins (7) tend to compress each other. and consequently they block the passage and prevent the passage of any substance, for example of food, into the lungs through the trachea (14).

4. Phonatory prosthesis according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve or membrane is disposed between the inner part of the conduit (3) and the outer part thereof (4) in use position, and consists of a membrane formed by a wall (18) arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the conduit, which has two zones (19, 21), a first (19) close to the outer zone in a position of use that is integral with the wall of the conduit (3 , 4), and a second (21) forming a separate tongue from said wall.

5. Phonatory prosthesis, according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wall (2) forming the conduit (3, 4) has a stiffening element inside.

6. Phonatory prosthesis according to claim 5, characterized in that the stiffening element is a spring arranged inside the material that forms the wall.

7. Phonatory prosthesis according to claim 5, characterized in that the stiffening element is a rigid or semi-rigid shell of polymeric or metallic material disposed inside the material that forms the wall.

8. Phonatory prosthesis, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner part in use position has projections (8, 9) of greater diameter than that of the outer walls that form the conduit (3, 4).

9. Phonatory prosthesis according to claim 8, characterized in that the outer projection (8) is preferably flat and provided with a certain stiffness.

10. Phonatory prosthesis according to claim 8, characterized in that the inner projection (9) is externally frustoconical and has flexible walls, preferably decreasing thickness towards the periphery.

11. Phonatory prosthesis, according to claim 1, characterized in that a thread (12) provided at its end with a ring of diameter larger than that of the corresponding stoma is attached to the outer fixing part of the prosthesis.