ES2207137T3 - BAG OR FILTER FOR VACUUM CLEANER AND PROCEDURE TO FILTER A GAS. - Google Patents

Abstract

A DISPOSABLE FILTER BAG OF ASPIRATOR IS BUILT OF LAYERS, INCLUDING A FIRST LAYER OF HIGH AIR PERMEABILITY (10) PLACED WATERS UP, IN THE SENSE OF THE AIR FLOW OF A SECOND FILTER LAYER (11). THE SECOND FILTER LAYER (11) MAY BE A FLOODED FLEET, A FILTER PAPER PLACED IN MOISTURE, A FILTER PAPER PLATED IN DRY, OR A FABRIC NOT FABRICED FROM CONTINUOUS FILMS. THE FIRST LAYER (10) MAY BE MADE OF A FABRIC NOT FABRICED BY HIGH FIBROSITY SKIRT, HIGH CAPACITY POWDER PAPER DRY OR SMOOTHED, FABRIC NOT FABRICED MODULAR FABRIC OR COAT NOT FABRICED . A FILTER AND A PROCEDURE TO EXTRACT PARTICLES DRAGGED IN A GAS ARE ALSO EXPOSED, WHERE THE FILTER HAS THE SAME TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS THAT THE DISPOSABLE FILTER BAG OF VACUUM CLEANER.

Description

Bag or filter for vacuum cleaner and procedure to filter a gas.

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a new composition. of disposable vacuum bag that is noticeably superior to existing vacuum bag constructions in terms of capacity of retention of dust, minimum increase in fall of pressure with dust loading, and in a bag manufacturing and retention in the simplest way, while getting values Very efficient filtration efficiency compared to bags Premium commercials available.

Background of the invention

Over the past few years, numerous companies have developed raw materials and components for vacuum bags to replace the old single bag paper layer and the well-known double layer bag, which has a filter of paper downstream and a tissue paper upstream, with bags that have upstream layers of fine, tissue lying on wet or fibrous wool such as ultrafine veils blown in cast (MB) occasionally referred to in the present invention as "MB wool of filtration quality". Some manufacturers of vacuum cleaners have even introduced vacuum cleaners that They do not use bags to avoid the cost of them. Nevertheless, This type of vacuum cleaner has a lower suction and the compartment that stores dust must be emptied manually, which cancels in its advantages greatly when exposing the worker and the environment environment to concentrated powder. However, the bagless vacuum cleaner has encouraged manufacturers to continue improving performance overall bags overall. In addition, the components fibrous arranged randomly in three dimensions by Dry laying and wet laying technologies have been developed to provide lower density and higher volume for new filters with greater air permeability and ability to retain particles.

The prior art faced the problem of provide a vacuum bag with filtration efficiency improved U.S. Pat. Home Care number 5,080,702 Industries, Inc. describes a container-shaped filter bag disposable comprising a set of juxtaposed layers, nominally with an inner and an outer layer of a material air permeable U.S. Pat. No. 5,647,881 (EPO 0 822 775 B1) describes a three layer composite material with one layer external support, an intermediate layer of filter that has specific properties and an internal layer of unbound diffusion except for at least one gasket to the fiber filter layer. I know describes that the diffusion layer provides the filter bag with its main function together with resistance to shock loads. The Gessner EP 0 338 479 describes a filter bag of powder with an outer layer lined with fibrillated filter wool paper. Filtration quality fibrillated wool layer is found upstream of the filter paper provided in the form of a standard paper filter.

WO 97 30772 describes a bag multilayer filter consisting of a two-layer composite material of paper that act as a thick (inner) filter, a layer meltblown that acts as a fine filter and a layer of spin-bound fibers that acts as a support layer (Exterior).

In the vacuum bag of the invention the main function of the inner layer is that of a high capacity of dust retention

With the arrival of electrostatically charged MB wool, it has been possible to produce laminated bags with filtration efficiencies of the order of 99.8-99.9% fine powder at a moderate air flow. However, conventional MB veils are essentially flat filters. Consequently, the filter structures used by MB veils quickly fill with dust, reduce air suction, and lose additional dust collection capacity by means of the vacuum cleaner. Currently, standardized dust bags have an air permeability of 200 to
400 l / (m2 xs). It is desirable to have a combination of paper types and other coatings, including MB coatings, which produce a high efficiency of up to 99.9% and also allow a high flow rate with a minimum increase in the pressure gradient measured by DIN 44956 -two.

A primary objective of this invention is the Provide a new composite material of vacuum bag capable of extremely high filtration efficiency for the fine dust and maximum performance of a vacuum cleaner in terms of continuous high suction for dust collection without an increase in noticeable pressure drop until the bag is full.

A second objective of this invention is that of provide a bag with a composite material such that it has the rigidity necessary to manufacture and conform in equipment Conventional manufacturing of vacuum bags.

A third objective of this invention is to build a means for a vacuum bag that by virtue of its excellent filtration efficiency and superior performance at high flow without blockade, be more appropriate to the new European trend of Small vacuum cleaners, of course, smaller bags.

These and other objectives of this inventor will be made patents to a person versed in the art from the following description.

Summary of the Invention

The above objectives are met by a filter to remove particles according to the claim 1.

\hbox{400
l/(m ^{2}  x s).}

Esto se consiguió colocando un papel filtro corriente arriba del lado del aire de un componente de doble capa

\hbox{lana / hilado}

en centrifugado MB calidad filtración, en vez de colocar un filtro de papel en la parte exterior (es decir, del lado del caudal de aire corriente abajo) de la bolsa, como se hace normalmente. Debe observarse, sin embargo, que las construcciones de bolsas de la técnica anterior a menudo colocan una lana de tisú de peso ligero (típicamente 13 g/m^{2}) corriente arriba de la lana MB para soportar y proteger la lana MB de la abrasión. Esta lana de tisú ligero solamente filtra algunas de las partículas más grandes de polvo.A disposable vacuum bag was developed that has an air permeability greater than

 \ hbox {400
l / (m2 xs).} 

This was achieved by placing a filter paper upstream of the air side of a double layer component

 \ hbox {wool / yarn} 

in centrifugation MB filtration quality, instead of placing a paper filter on the outside (that is, on the side of the air flow downstream) of the bag, as is normally done. It should be noted, however, that prior art bag constructions often place a light weight tissue wool (typically 13 g / m2) upstream of the MB wool to support and protect the MB wool of abrasion This lightweight tissue wool only filters some of the largest dust particles.

In the new filter bag construction, it is it is possible to use a thick filter paper occasionally referred to in the present invention as "high retention capacity of dust "or paper or layer" capacity ", in the most common layer Up inside the bag. This invention also allows as Optional use of light tissue wool, nets or other linings in the innermost layer upstream of the filter paper. Of this mode, large dust particles are removed by paper coarse filter (and possibly to a lesser extent than by lightweight wool fabric, if used). MB quality filtration, part of the fabric of the bag, can serve more effectively as a filter without getting stuck, since it does not need to be retained Dust mass If desired, a wet fabric can be also be used in front of thick paper. This construction is much less frequent than the old buildings they used MB coatings inside the bag, and that depended on the veils MB for both retention and dust filtration. In addition, the paper gives the bag the stiffness that is needed to manufacture and shape the new bag composite material in Conventional equipment for manufacturing vacuum bags.

The new bag for vacuum cleaners comprises of this mode a flat composite material of a thick filter layer comprising at least one of (a) a paper with a high capacity of wet hold dust, (b) a paper with high dry holding capacity, (c) a nonwoven large mass melt blown, and (d) a nonwoven blown in spinning (modular) located upstream in the direction of the air flow of a layer of quality molten blown wool filtration formed inside the bag that has at least one air inlet that defines the means in the composite material flat and at least one joint that forms the flat composite material inside the bag. The operational filter layer according to this invention is located downstream of the capacity layer thick which is sometimes referred to in this invention as "secondary" layer or "high filtration efficiency" layer .

A liner of typically about 13 g / m2 base weight can be placed on one or both sides of the layer layer of coarse filtration / secondary filtration layer to improve the abrasion resistance and easy manufacturing of the bag. Preferably, the liner is positioned as the most upstream layer of the structure. Also, some or all of the layers in the new improved performance bag constructions can be adhere by using hot melted adhesives, glues or by thermal or ultrasonic bonding, or by a combination of These lamination procedures.

A vacuum bag that uses the structure of improved performance composite material of this invention is has found that it has a filtration efficiency performance favorably comparable to other bag structures of Vacuum cleaner. Performance structures generally improved have an efficiency greater than 95% in the DIN test 44956-2 and can normally experience two to three times as many dust loading DIN cycles as constructions of comparable bags. They also have up to five times more cycles of DIN load than conventional bag constructions characterized well by a lining in front of the paper lying on damp current or by means of an MB filtering wool in front of the paper laid in wet stream.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross section of a Traditional vacuum bag construction consisting of wet fabric (inside the bag) and a filter paper (air outlet side).

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross section of a two-layer vacuum bag in which ultra fiber wool Fine MB inside the bag serves both to retain powder and as a filtering component.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross section of a three-layer vacuum bag in which a wool of wet laid fabric with a very small retention capacity of dust to protect MB wool from abrasion.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross section of a construction of three-layer vacuum bag according to this invention in which a special mass MB is located in front of the MB wool of filtration quality and the interlaced layer is located in the outside of the bag.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross section of a construction of three-layer vacuum bag according to this invention in which the wetted capacity paper is place the filtration quality MB wool in front. Outer layer it can be an interlaced network, wet lying, dry lying, non-woven nonwoven fabric, or any other type of nonwoven lining or tissue

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross section of a construction of three-layer vacuum bag according to this invention in which the dry laid capacity paper is place the melted blown wool in front. The outer layer can be an interlaced lining, wet lying, dry lying, hydroentangled or any other type of nonwoven.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross section of a innovative vacuum bag of example 7 in which a layer of wool / carbon has been located as an odor absorption layer with basically the same filtration properties as a combination of filters for dust filtering only.

Fig. 8A is a schematic cross section of an embodiment of the construction of the bag vacuum cleaner according to this invention.

Fig. 8B is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8C is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8D is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8E is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8F is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8G is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8H is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8I is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8J is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8K is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8L is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8M is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8N is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8O is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8P is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8Q is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8R is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8S is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8T is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8U is another schematic cross section of one embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8V is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8W is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8X is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8Y is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8Z is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 8AA is another schematic cross section of an embodiment of the vacuum bag according to this invention.

Fig. 9 is a graph of pressure drop (mbar) a through the vacuum bags in front of the fine dust load (PTI / fine) according to DIN 44956-2 as carried out in examples 1-3 of the prior art, and in Examples 4 to 7.

Fig. 10 is a graph of the pressure drop (mbar) of vacuum bags against fine dust loading according to DIN 44956-2 as carried out in the example 4, Airflo and example 2, 3M.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing the comparison of air flow versus fine dust load (PTI / fine).

Detailed description

The filter structures of this invention are apply to vacuum bags and, more generally, to filters empty. By "vacuum filter" is meant a structure that operates by passing a gas, preferably air, which usually draws dry solid particles, through the structure. The convention has been adopted in this application to refer to the sides and layers of the structure in relation to the air flow direction. That is, the input side of the filter is "upstream" and the discharge side of the filter It is "downstream" for example. Occasionally in this invention the terms "front" and "behind" have been used to denote relative positions of the layers of the structure as being upstream and downstream respectively. Of course, there will be a pressure gradient, to sometimes referred to as "pressure drop", through the filter during filtration Vacuums commonly use filters bag-shaped Normally, the upstream side of a vacuum filter bag is inside and the downstream side is the outside.

DIN 44956-2: DIN 44956-2 is used to determine the increase in pressure drop of five different examples of vacuum bag constructions after loading powder with fine dust at the following levels: 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 grams.

\hbox{44956-2}

se realiza con incrementos de 0,5 gramos desde 0 hasta 2,5 g/m^{2}/s en siete bolsas de cada muestra. Sin embargo, los valores de la caída de presión no se registraron otra vez. Los valores máximos de permeabilidad de aire sostenible se determinaron a continuación en las bolsas que tenían los niveles especificados de carga de polvo. Air permeability after fine dust load test: The part of the DIN dust load

 \ hbox {44956-2} 

It is performed in 0.5 gram increments from 0 to 2.5 g / m2 / s in seven bags of each sample. However, the pressure drop values were not recorded again. The maximum sustainable air permeability values were then determined in the bags that had the specified levels of dust load.

They are described in more detail below. the types of paper referred to in this application patent:

Paper for vacuum cleaner filter bag

This type of paper has been traditionally used as a simple layer that provides filtration and retention of powder, as well as strength and abrasion resistance needed for a vacuum bag. This paper is also what rigid enough to allow simple manufacturing in conventional bag manufacturing equipment. The paper is predominantly composed of unbleached wood pulp with a 6-7% of a synthetic fiber, such as a polyester type [polyethylene terphthalate] (PET), and is produced by the process of wet. Plain paper typically has a weight base of about 30-80 g / m2 and commonly 50 g / m2. PET fibers normally have a fineness of 1.7 dtex and lengths of 6-10 mm. This paper has a air permeability in the range of approximately 200-500 l / (m2 x s) and an average pore size of about 30 µm. However, the effectiveness as it determined according to DIN 44956-2 is only approximately 86%. Another disadvantage is that the pores are quickly clog with dust and dust retention ability is additionally limited by the thin thickness of the paper only about 0.20 mm.

Interwoven nonwoven

Interlaced Nonwoven Polymer Fibers can be deployed as a secondary filtration layer located downstream of the thick layer. The fibers can be of any polymer capable of interlacing such as polyamides, polyesters or polyolefins. The basis weight of the interwoven nonwoven should be of about 10-100 g / m2 and preferably 30-40 g / m2. Non woven interlaced should have an air permeability of approximately 500-10,000 l / (m2 x s), and preferably about 2,000-6,000 l / (m2 x s) as determined by DIN 53887. Interlacing  It can also be electrostatically charged.

Lining or wool retention

The lining generally refers to a light base weight, a very open pore paper or nonwoven veil. The base weight of the liner is usually about 10-30 g / m2, and often about
13-17 g / m2. The lining, which is sometimes referred to as a support wool, usually has an air permeability of approximately 500-10,000 l / (m2 xs). It is primarily used to protect the high dust retention layer from abrasion. The liner can also filter very large particles. The liner, like any other layer of the bag, can be electrostatically charged as long as the material has the necessary dielectric properties.

Wet laid paper with high dust capacity

The high capacity wet laid paper of powder, often referred to in the present invention as "paper of wet laying capacity "is more massive, thicker and more permeable than the paper of current bag for vacuum cleaner. In its function as a prefilter in the composite material of the bag Vacuum cleaner performs multiple functions. These include the shock load resistance, large particle filtration of dirt, filtering a significant portion of small dust particles, retention of large quantities of particles allowing at the same time easily the flow of air through it, of This mode provides a low pressure drop at a high load of particle, which extends the life of the vacuum bag.

The wet laid capacity paper comprises usually a mixture of wood pulp fibers and fibers synthetic It typically contains up to 70% wood pulp and correspondingly more synthetic fibers, such as PET, than paper current described above. It is thicker than paper current of approximately 0.32 mm with a typical base weight of 50 g / m2. The pore size is also much larger, with a size pore medium that may be greater than 160 µm. In this way, the paper is able to retain much more dust in its pores before clog. The basis weight of the wet laid capacity paper is of about 30-150 g / m2 and preferably about 50-80 g / m2.

The wet laid capacity paper has a filtration efficiency of fine dust particles of approximately 66-67% as determined by DIN 44956-2 Importantly, the role of wet laying capacity has greater air permeability than the current paper filter. The lower limit of permeability in this way should preferably be at least of about 500 l / (m2 x s), more preferably of at less about 1,000 l / (m2 x s) and more preferably of at least about 2,000 l / (m2 x s). The limit Superior permeability is defined to ensure that the paper filters and retains a larger fraction of dust particles greater than 10 µm. Consequently, the filter medium High efficiency secondary downstream is able to filter and contain fine particles much longer before showing indication of a substantial increase in pressure drop to through the filter Accordingly, air permeability of the wet laid paper should preferably be at least about 8,000 l / (m2 x s), plus preferably at least about 5,000 l / (m2 x s), and more preferably at least about 4,000 l / (m2 x s). In this way it can be seen that the role of capacity laid in wet is especially well designed as a filtration layer high dust retention capacity to locate current above the high efficiency secondary filtration layer.

Dry laid paper with high dust retention

Prior to this invention, the paper laid dry high dust retention, sometimes referred to as This invention as "dry-laid capacity paper", is not I had used as a filter in vacuum bags. The laid paper dry is not formed from grout in water but is Produces with airborne technology and preferably through a floury pulp process. The hydrogen bond, which plays an important role in the attraction of molecular chains each other, does not operate in the absence of water. In this way, for the same base weight, the dry capacity paper is normally more thick than plain paper and that capacity paper laid wet For a typical weight of 70 g / m2, the thickness is 0.90 mm, for example.

Dry paper capacity veils They can be linked primarily by two procedures. First it is the union by latex in which a latex binder is applied in water based dispersions. Techniques of saturation as spray or bath and squeezed (application of padded roll) followed in both cases by drying and curing by heat The latex binder can also be applied in patterns Discreet as dotted diamonds, cross hatched or wavy lines using photogravure rollers followed by drying and cured

The second procedure is thermal bonding, for example by the use of binding fibers. Binding fibers are sometimes referred to in the present invention as "thermal fusion bonding fibers" and are defined in the Nonwoven Fabric Handbook , (1992 edition) as "Fibers with melting points lower than other veil fibers: after application of heat and pressure, these act as an adhesive. " These thermal fusion bond fibers generally melt completely at the points where sufficient pressure and heat is applied, thereby adhering the matrix fibers together at the crossing points. Examples include co-polyester polymers that when heated adhere to a wide range of fibrous materials.

In a preferred embodiment, the thermal bond it can be done by adding at least 20% and preferably up to 50% of a bicomponent polymer fiber ("B / C") to the dry laid mesh. Examples of B / C fibers include fibers with a polypropylene core ("PP") and a cover of a polyethylene (PE) more sensitive to heat. The term "heat sensitive" means that thermoplastic fibers are soften and become sticky or melt by heat at temperatures of 3-5 ° C below the melting point. The cover polymer should preferably have a melting point in the range of approximately 90-160 ° C and the core of the polymer must have a higher melting point, preferably at least 5 ° C above that of the cover of the polymer. For example, PE melts at 121 ° C and PP melts at 161-163 ° C. This helps to join the dry laid veil when it passes through the jaw of a thermal laminator or through a convection oven to achieve thermally bonded fibers with less heat and pressure to produce a more breathable structure and open and less compact. In a more preferred embodiment, the core core / fiber cover B / C is located eccentric to the cover. The more lateralized with respect to the fiber is the core, the more the B / C fiber will be crimped during the thermal bonding stage, and therefore will increase the mass of the dry paper capacity. This will be achieved, by Of course, the improvement in dust retention capacity. Of this mode, in an even more preferred embodiment, the core and the cover will be located next to each other in the B / C fiber, and the Union is achieved with a convection oven. A laminator thermal, which will compress the veil more than the union by convection of air, is less preferred in this case. Other combinations of polymers that can be used in core / shell or B / C fibers Side-side include PP with polymers of low melting co-polyester, and polyester with nylon 6. The dry laid capacity layer can be also consisting essentially entirely of fibers bicomponents

\hbox{l/(m ^{2}  x s)}

y más preferiblemente aproximadamente de 2000-4000 l/(m^{2} x s). Tiene una excelente capacidad de retención de polvo y tiene la ventaja de ser mucho más uniforme en peso y grosor que los papeles tendidos en húmedo.Generally, the average pore size of the dry laid capacity paper is intermediate between the pore size of the current paper and that of the wet laid capacity paper. The filtration efficiency is determined by DIN 44956-2 test and is approximately 80%. The dry laid capacity paper should have roughly the same basis weight and the same permeability as the wet laid capacity paper described above, that is, in the range of about 500-8000 l / (m2) xs) preferably about 1000-5000

 \ hbox {l / (m2 xs)} 

and more preferably about 2000-4000 l / (m2 xs). It has an excellent dust retention capacity and has the advantage of being much more uniform in weight and thickness than wet laid papers.

Numerous preferred embodiments are contemplated of dry paper capacity. One is the composition of recessed pulp fiber bonded with latex. That is, the fibers that The paper comprises essentially hollowed pulp. The term "hollowed pulp" means a nonwoven component of the vacuum bag of this invention that is prepared by mechanical pulp milling, that is, fibrous wood material; then the pulp is transported aerodynamically for formation of airborne veiled components or forming machines in dry. A Wiley mill can be used to grind the pulp. The called Dan Web or machines M and J are useful for forming dry. A component of hollowed pulp and layers laid on Dry hollowed pulp are isotropic and are characterized in this way for its random orientations in the three orientations orthogonal That is, they have a large proportion of fibers oriented outside the plane of the nonwoven veil, and particularly perpendicular to the plane, if compared to nonwoven veils three-dimensional anisotropic. Hollowed pulp fibers used in this invention preferably are about 0.5-5 mm long. Fibers remain together with a latex binder. The binder can be applied as powder or emulsion The binder is usually present in the paper dry laying capacity in the range of approximately 10-30% by weight and preferably about 20-30% by weight of binder solids based on the fiber weight

In another preferred embodiment, the role of dry lying capacity comprises a mixture of ligatures thermal between recessed pulp fibers and at least a series of Split film fibers and two-component polymer fibers. More preferably, the hollowed pulp fiber blend comprises hollowed pulp fibers and a polymer fiber bicomponent

Split film fibers are essentially flat, rectangular fibers, which can be electrostatically loaded before or after being incorporated into the composite material structure of the invention. The thickness of the split movies can be in the range from 2-100 µm, the width can be in the range from 5 µm to 2 mm, and the length can be in the range from 0.5 to 15 mm. However, the dimensions Preferred of the divided film fibers are of a thickness of about 5 to 20 µm, a width of about 15 to 60 µm, and a length of about 0.5 to 3 mm

The split film fibers of the invention They are preferably made of a polyolefin, such as polypropylene (PP) However, any polymer that is suitable for making fibers can be used for split film fibers of the composite structures of the invention. Examples of polymers Suitable include, but are not limited to, polyolefins such as homopolymers and copolymers of polyethylene, polytephthalates, such as poly (ethylene terphthalate) (PET), poly (butylene) terphthalate) (PBT), poly (cyclohexyl dimethylene) terphthalate) (PCT), polycarbonate, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE). Other suitable polymers include nylon, polyamides, polystyrenes, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, polymethylmethacrylates, polyurethanes, silicones, sulphides polyphenylene Split film fibers can also comprise a mixture of homopolymers or copolymers. At the moment application, the invention is exemplified with film fibers divided made of polypropylene.

It has been shown that the use of PP polymers with various molecular weights and morphologies in film structures laminates produce films with an adequate balance of properties mechanics and the fragility necessary to produce fibers of split movie. These PP split film fibers are the it can also subsequently give the desired degree of crimping. All dimensions of split film fibers can, Of course, be varied during your manufacturing process.

A process for the production of fibers of Split film is described in the US Document. 4,178,157. The Polypropylene is cast and extruded into a film, which is blows in the form of a long tube (balloon) inside which introduces or allows the entry of ambient air, according to Conventional blow stretch technology. Inflate the balloon with air helps us to sharply cool the film and to bi-axially orient the molecular structure of the molecular chains of the PP, resulting in a greater strength. The balloon is then collapsed and the film is stretched between two or more pairs of rollers, where the film is held by means of the jaw of the two rollers in contact, with the application of different amounts of pressure between them. This results in an additional elongation in the machine direction which is achieved by driving the second set of rollers to a surface speed greater than the first game. The result is even greater molecular orientation of the film in the machine direction that will be as a consequence the dimension more long of split film fibers.

The film can be electrostatically charged before or after being cooled. Although they can be used Various electrostatic charging techniques to charge the film, it They have found two more preferred procedures. The first procedure involves passing the film halfway through a gap of approximately 3.81 to 7.62 cm (1.5 to 3 inches) between two corona DC electrodes. Crown bars can be used with metal wire emission plugs can be used, in which a corona electrode has positive voltage of approximately 20 to 30 kV and the opposite electrode has a negative voltage of approximately 20 to 30 kV.

The second preferred procedure uses the electrostatic charging technologies described in the Document USA 5,401,446 (Wadsworth and Tsai, 1995), which is called Tantret. T. M Technique I and Technique II, which are more widely described later in this invention. It has been found that Technique II, in which the film is suspended on custom insulated rollers that the film passes approximately from the inner circumference of the two metal frames negatively charged with a cable positive crown in each frame, imparts the highest voltage of potential to movies. Generally, with Technique II, apply a positive voltage of 1000 to 3000 volts or greater than one from the sides of the film with similar magnitudes of volts negatives on the other side of the loaded movie.

Technique I, in which the films enter contact with a metal roller with a DC voltage of -1 to -10 KV, and a cable with a voltage of +20 to +40 kV is placed at approximately 1 to 2 inches above the negative roller biased with each side of the film exposed in succession to this roller / cable configuration, results in about lower voltage potentials measured on the surfaces of the films. With Technique I, voltages of 300 to 1500 are obtained volts on the surface of the film with polarity generally same but opposite on each side. The greatest potentials of surface are obtained by Technique II, although it has not been found to result in better measurable filtration efficiencies of the veils formed by the split film fibers. For the both, and since it is easier to string and pass the film through of the technique I device, this procedure is predominantly used today to load movies before the split process.

The cooled and elongated film can be loaded electrostatically hot or cold. The movie is then elongated and divided simultaneously to narrower widths, typically up to about 50 µm. Filaments planes and divided then meet in a tow that gets tangled a controlled number of times per centimeter, and then cut to the desired fiber length.

\hbox{5-85%}

en peso, más preferiblemente aproximadamente de 10-70% en peso, y lo más preferible aproximadamente de un 40% en peso, las fibras bicomponentes en aproximadamente de 10-60% en peso, más preferiblemente aproximadamente de 10-30 % en peso y lo más preferible aproximadamente de 20% en peso, y las fibras de película divididas electrostáticamente cargadas en aproximadamente de 20-80% en peso, y más preferiblemente en aproximadamente al 40% en peso. Este papel de alta capacidad de retención de polvo tendido en seco puede ligarse térmicamente, preferiblemente a altas temperaturas de 90-160ºC, más preferiblemente, a una temperatura menor de 110ºC y más preferiblemente a aproximadamente 90ºC.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the high-capacity dry laid powder paper comprises a mixture of all recessed pulp fibers, bicomponent polymer fibers, and electrostatically charged split film fibers. Preferably, the hollowed pulp fibers will be present in about

 \ hbox {5-85%} 

by weight, more preferably about 10-70% by weight, and most preferably about 40% by weight, the bicomponent fibers at about 10-60% by weight, more preferably about 10-30% by weight and most preferably about 20% by weight, and electrostatically divided film fibers charged at about 20-80% by weight, and more preferably at about 40% by weight. This dry-held high capacity dust retention paper can be thermally bonded, preferably at high temperatures of 90-160 ° C, more preferably, at a temperature less than 110 ° C and more preferably at about 90 ° C.

\hbox{20-80%}

de fibras B/C, y una mezcla de 20-80% de fibras electrostáticas mezcladas, 10-70% de pulpa ahuecada y 10-70% de fibras B/C. "Los filtros de fibras electrostáticas mezcladas" están hechos mediante la mezcla de fibras con amplias diferencias en las propiedades triboleléctricas y frotándolas las unas contra las otras o contra las partes metálicas de las máquinas, como los cables en los cilindros de carda durante el cardado. Esto hace que uno de los tipos de fibra esté cargado más positiva o negativamente con respecto al otro tipo de fibra, y mejora la atracción coulómbica de las partículas de polvo. La producción de filtros con estos tipos de mezclas de fibras cargadas electrostáticamente se muestra en el Documento EE.UU. 5.470.485 y la Publicación Europea de Patente EP 0 246 811 A.Other preferred embodiments of the dry laid capacity paper comprise a 100% thermally bonded paper of "mixed electrostatic fibers", a mixture of 20-80% mixed electrostatic fibers and a

 \ hbox {20-80%} 

of B / C fibers, and a mixture of 20-80% mixed electrostatic fibers, 10-70% recessed pulp and 10-70% B / C fibers. "Mixed electrostatic fiber filters" are made by mixing fibers with wide differences in tribolelectric properties and rubbing them against each other or against the metal parts of the machines, such as the wires in the carding cylinders during carding. This makes one of the types of fiber more positively or negatively charged than the other type of fiber, and improves the coulombic attraction of dust particles. The production of filters with these types of electrostatically charged fiber blends is shown in US Document. 5,470,485 and European Patent Publication EP 0 246 811 A.

In the US Document 5,470,485, the material of filter consists of a mixture of (I) polyolefin fibers and (II) polyacrylonitrile fibers. The fibers (I) are bicomponents of PP / PE types of the core / cover or side-by-side type. Fibers II are "halogen free". The fibers (I) also have some "halogen substituted polyolefins"; while, Acrylonitrile fibers have no halogens. The patent points that the fibers should be thoroughly washed with non-ionic detergent, with alkali, or solvent and then rinsed before mixing together, so that they don't have any lubricant or agent antistatic Although the patent teaches that tangled fiber produced must be pierced with a needle, these fibers can also cut into lengths of 5-20 mm and mix with fibers of similar lengths of the bicomponent type joined thermally, and also with the possible addition of hollowed pulp, so that thermally bonded dry laid paper can used in this invention.

EP 0 246 811 describes the effect triboelectric friction with each other two different types of fibers It does so using similar types of fibers as in the US document 5,470,485, except that the fiber -CN groups of polyacrylonitrile can be substituted by halogens (preferably fluoride or chloride). After enough replacement amount of -CN with -Cl, the fiber can be called as "modacrylic" if the copolymer comprises from 35% up to 85% by weight of acrylonitrile units. EP Document 0 246 811 teaches that the ratio of polyolefin to acrylonitrile substituted (preferably modacrylic) may be in the range from 30:70 to 80:20 surface area, and more preferably from 40:60 to 70:30. Similarly, the Document USA 5,470,485 teaches that the ratio of polyolefin to fibers of polyacrylonitrile is in the range of 30:70 to 80:20, relative to the surface of the filter material. So these polyolefin ratio ranges to acrylic fibers or modacrylic can be used in the established proportions formerly for dry paper capacity thermally bonded

Nonwoven melt blown large mass

\hbox{260-280ºC}

para la producción de MB de calidad filtración. La llama de aire más fría, menor atenuación de temperatura de aire, menor temperatura de fusión y una mayor distancia de colección enfrían más los filamentos MB. Eliminar el calor resulta en un mejor arrastre del filamento, y por lo tanto, en diámetros de fibra mayores de los que se encontrarían en los velos de calidad filtración MB típicos. Los filamentos enfriados son mucho menos parecidos a los que están fusionados juntos térmicamente, cuando se depositan dentro del colector. Entonces, el no tejido soplado en fundido de gran masa debería tener una mayor área abierta. Incluso con un peso base de 120 g/m^{2}, la permeabilidad del aire del HBMN es de 806 l/( m^{2} x s). Por contraste, un velo más ligero de calidad filtración de MB PP (por ej. 22 g/m^{2}) tiene un máximo de permeabilidad de aire de solo 450 l/( m^{2} x s). La eficacia de filtración del no tejido soplado en fundido de gran masa como se determina mediante el Test DIN 44956-2 fue del 98%. Cuando los dos fueron puestos juntos con el no tejido soplado en fundido de gran masa en el interior de la bolsa, la permeabilidad del aire siguió siendo de 295 l/( m^{2} x s), y la eficacia de filtración del par fue de 99.8%. El no tejido soplado en fundido de gran masa puede estar descargado, u opcionalmente electrostáticamente cargado a condición de que el no tejido sea un material que tenga propiedades dieléctricas apropiadas.Another discovery of this research to develop improved vacuum bags was the development of a large mass MB veil that can be used upstream of the filtration quality MB wool as a prefilter instead of the wet laid capacity paper or the paper of dry laying capacity. The MB mass prefilter can be manufactured with a blow-melting process using frozen air with a temperature of approximately 10 ° C. In contrast, conventional MB typically uses air at room temperature of 35-45 ° C. Also the collection distance from the MB mold outlet to the veil collection conveyor is increased by 400-600 mm in the high mass MB process. The distance is usually about 200 mm for regular MB production. Additionally, large mass nonwoven is made by a lower temperature, an air temperature attenuation of approximately 215-235 ° C instead of the normal air temperature attenuation of 280-290 ° C, and a lower melting temperature of approximately 200-225 ° C compared to

 \ hbox {260-280 ° C} 

For the production of MB quality filtration. The colder air flame, lower air temperature attenuation, lower melting temperature and a longer collection distance cool the MB filaments more. Removing heat results in better filament drag, and therefore, in fiber diameters larger than would be found in typical MB filtration quality veils. The cooled filaments are much less similar to those that are fused together thermally, when deposited inside the collector. Then, the mass-blown nonwoven should have a larger open area. Even with a basis weight of 120 g / m2, the air permeability of HBMN is 806 l / (m2 xs). In contrast, a lighter veil of filtration quality of MB PP (eg 22 g / m2) has a maximum air permeability of only 450 l / (m2 xs). The filtration efficiency of the mass-blown nonwoven as determined by DIN 44956-2 was 98%. When the two were put together with the mass-blown nonwoven inside the bag, the air permeability remained at 295 l / (m2 xs), and the filtration efficiency of the pair was of 99.8%. The large mass melt blown nonwoven may be discharged, or optionally electrostatically charged, provided that the nonwoven is a material having appropriate dielectric properties.

The large mass MB nonwoven of this invention must be distinguished from "MB filtration quality" which also It is used in the multilayer vacuum filter structure of this exposition. The MB filtration quality veil is a nonwoven blown in conventional cast generally characterized by low weight base typically of about 22 g / m2, and a size of small pore Additional typical features of the nonwoven of MB filtration quality of polypropylene are shown in Table I. A high volume MB non-woven polypropylene veil is shown in HI table. A preferred non-woven high mass MB polypropylene optimally includes approximately 5-20% by weight of ethylene vinyl acetate. The non-woven quality MB filtration has generally a high dust removal efficiency, that is, greater than about 99%.

TABLE I

one

two

The mass-blown nonwoven is similar in filter efficiency to the capacity papers laid dry and wet mentioned above. So the nonwoven blown in Large mass melt is suitable for removing large amounts of dust particles and retaining large amounts of powder. Therefore, the mass-blown nonwoven It is suitable for upstream placement, and as a prefilter for, the quality filtration veil MB in a filter structure vacuum of this invention.

Nonwoven interlocking (modular)

A new type of blow fusion technology It is described in Ward, G., Nonwovens World, Summer 1998, pp. 37-40, and is available to produce a nonwoven interlaced (modular) suitable for use as a coarse filter in the present invention The specifications of these nonwovens are presented in Table II.

The nonwoven manufacturing process (Modular) interlacing is usually a blow fusion procedure with a more rugged modular mold using cold air attenuation. These conditions produce a thick blow veil with greater resistance and air permeability at comparable weights base of conventional blown veils.

Nonwoven interwoven microdenier

An interwoven nonwoven ("SB"), occasionally referred to in this invention as interlaced Microfiber has specifications that are listed in Table II. The interwoven microfiber are particularly characterized by filaments with diameters of less than 12 µm corresponding to 1.0 denier for propylene. In comparison, SB veils Conventional disposables typically have a diameter of filament with an average of 20 µm. The interwoven microfiber can be obtained from Reifenhauser GMBH (Reicofil III), Kobe Steel Ltd., (Kobe - Kodoshi Spunbond Technology) and Ason Engineering, Inc. (Ason Spunbond Technology).

TABLE II

3

4

Referring now to the drawings and the figures, Fig. 1 through Fig. 3 represent constructions of existing commercial vacuum bags. Fig. 1 describes a traditional structure consisting of woolen fabric laid on wet 24 inside (upstream side) of the bag and paper filter 25 outside (downstream side) of the bag. Wool wool serves as a prefilter, removing only the larger dust particles. The paper filter typically filters and retains in its porous structure particles larger than 10-20 µm.

Fig. 2 describes a bag construction of vacuum cleaner in which a blown wool 26 serves at the same time as prefilter, coarse filter, and fine filter removing particles below 5 µm in diameter. However, MB wool have  pores much smaller than the typical paper filters of vacuum cleaners and cannot retain dust effectively. Further, MB wool is often electrostatically charged to improve the filtration efficiency When MB fibers are coated with dust, the electrostatic field can be greatly diminished. The prior art using this design is the publication of the European Patent EP 0 375 234 B1 (EP 0375 234 A1). The layer of interlaced (SB) 27 mainly provides support for the MB wool, and improves the abrasion resistance of the outer part of the bag. Other prior analogous techniques are included in the US document 4,589,894 and European Patent Publication EP 0 161 790 A. In the US Document 4,589,894, and in the Publication of European Patent EP 0 161 790, an SB layer is also used in the inside of the bag, and serves to give more support and protection to wool MB.

Fig. 3 describes a bag construction of three-layer vacuum in which the wool support is added 28 to act as a prefilter for very large dust particles and to protect MB wool from abrasion. MB 29 wool is used for filter small and large particles, and has a tendency to clog very quickly, and therefore increases the fall of pressure faster than traditional paper filters. The outer layer of the paper filter 30 is indeed superfluous for the filtration and serves primarily to retain the top of the surface of MB wool, to strengthen the bag and to improve the abrasion resistance of the external surface of the bag. Examples of the prior art describing designs Similar are included in European Patent Publication EP 0 338 479 (Gessner) and USA 5,080,702 (Home Care Industries), discussed above. In the latter, no knitting wool is used as intermediate coating

Fig. 4. Describe the new filter structure of three-layer vacuum in which a thick nonwoven filter 10 of large mass MB is placed upstream of quality wool 11 MB filtration This upstream layer serves for removal of large dust particles and to retain dust in your structure. This layer should preferably have a more voluminous structure with a much lower density, which is able to retain a large amount of dust without increased fall of pressure. A large nonwoven MB is shown in Figure as veil 10. It is preferable that the internal veil MB is higher and more open than veil 11, which will also admit more amount of dust without increasing pressure drop.

Fig. 5 describes the new bag construction for vacuum cleaner with a three-layer construction, in which the wet paper capacity 31 is placed in front of the wool Quality filtration MB 32 and an interwoven nonwoven (SB) 33 is placed on the outside of the structure of the bag. The layer internal 31 may be a dry, wet or nonwoven fabric cast (modular) that has the appropriate porosity and ability to dust retention It is preferable to have a higher porosity and dust retention capacity than standard paper filters which are used in the prior art of vacuum bags. The outer thick filter layer may be a nonwoven interlaced, wet laid, dry laid, or hydroentangled, veil or other type of lining or nonwoven.

Fig. 6 shows a vacuum bag with the same construction as shown in Fig. 5, except that the dry paper capacity 34 placed in front of MB wool 35, and the interlacing layer 36 again placed on the part external of the bag. Filtration papers wet or dry they were placed in the internal part of the structure of the bag to help retain MB wool and to filter and retain medium and large size dust particles with what MB wool can be effective as a small particle filter without clog.

Fig. 7 describes the new bag construction of vacuum cleaner in which a 214 + 215 wool / carbon combination of respectively 50 g / m2, and 150 g / m2 functioning as a odor adsorption layer is replaced by SB 33 in Fig. 5. It is  important in this construction that the 214 wool placed downstream of the active carbon fibers prevent these activated carbon fibers are introduced into the compartment of the bag of the vacuum cleaner, and therefore this wool should preferably be electrostatically charged.

Figs. 8 A-8AA describe numerous contemplated realizations of the new construction of the bag of garbage. In Fig. 8 A, a layer SB 37 forms the outer layer of the bag and serves to reinforce the bag and to protect the wool Internal filtration quality MB 38.

The electrostatically charged MB wool layer efficiently removes particles smaller than 0.1 µm in diameter. The paper filter of the vacuum bag 39 retains MB wool 39 and filters and retains medium and large dust particles within its structure. This paper also provides stiffness. necessary for construction to be manufactured quickly as vacuum bags in conventional equipment for manufacturing vacuum bags. The layers in Fig. 8 A are not joined each.

The structure of Fig. 8B is the same as in the Fig. 8 A except in a wet-held retention wool 43 placed upstream of paper 42. Wool of retention only filters very large dust particles.

The structure of Fig. 8C is the same as the 8 Except that a lining mesh is thermally or adhesive (with, for example, glue) sealed upstream and to the filter 46 thick paper. That is, lining and the thick paper filter are united, preferably permanently united. At least some of The two adjacent layers of the bag can be joined. Through "permanent union" means that the union is understood to be effective during the normal full life of the bag. The Union it can be achieved by an appropriate procedure such as a Chemical adhesive, thermal bond and ultrasonic bond.

In Fig. 8D, the outer layer SB 48, layer of MB 49 filtration quality wool and SB 50 retention layer are joined together. The paper filter layer 51 is placed upstream of the SB / MB / SB laminate, and also increases the stiffness of the construction of the bag, which can be manufactured quickly as vacuum bags in conventional equipment to vacuum bag manufacturing

In Fig. 8E, layer SB 53, layer MB 55, and layer of paper filter 57 are joined together by an adhesive hot melt porous 54 and 56. Fig. 8F is the same as the Figure. 8E, except that the retention fabric wool laid on wet 64 is attached to the construction by an adhesive of hot melt 63. Fig. 8G is the same as Figure 8D, except that the paper filter 69 is attached by an adhesive of hot melt 68 to the junction of SB 65, MB 66 and SB laminate 67. Fig. 8H is the same as Fig. 8G, except that the wool of wet laid fabric 76 has been attached to the construction by a hot melt adhesive 75. Fig. 8I is the same as the Fig. 8E, except that the veil 82 is sealed to the construction without the use of a hot melt adhesive.

The structures shown in Figs. 8J up 8AA contain a wool / carbon composite layer, running as an odor adsorption layer. Composite material comprises a layer of activated carbon fiber upstream of the wool reinforcement layer. In Fig. 8J a combination of wool / carbon 83 + 84 forms the outer part, the lowest layer of the bag; the quality filtration wool MB 85 filters efficiently particles less than 0.1 µm in diameter; and paper filter thickness 86 filters and retains medium-sized dust particles at Great in its structure.

Fig. 8K is the same as Figure 8J except a wet-held retention wool 91 that is located current above the thick paper filter 90. The retention wool only Filter large dust particles. Fig. 8L is the same as Fig. 8K, except that a liner mesh 96 is sealed to the paper filter thickness 95. In Fig. 8M the layer SB 99, the layer MB 100 and the layer SB 101 are linked together which increases the rigidity of the construction of the bag. In Fig. 8N wool / carbon 103 + 104 It is attached to the MB 106 filtration quality wool by means of a hot melt adhesive 105. The thick paper filter 108 is attached in the same way to MB 106 by a fusion adhesive in hot 107. Fig. 8O shows a similar construction in which the retention wool 116 is attached to the paper filter 114 by means of a hot melt porous at 115. Fig. 8P is another construction with hot melt adhesion to 119 and 123. SB layers 120 and 122 are joined on opposite sides of quality wool MB filtration to increase the rigidity of the construction.

Fig. 8Q is the same as Fig. 8P, but with a porous hot melt adhesive in 133 and a wool of retention 134 added upstream of the thick paper filter 132.

The structure of Fig. 8R includes a network of sealed liner 143 on the upstream side of the paper filter thickness 142. In Fig. 8S carbon / wool 146 + 147 has been moved downstream of the thick paper filter 148, and upstream of MB filtration quality wool 145. Layers MB 145 and SB 144 are moved to the outer side, as can be seen in several of the illustrated embodiments. Fig. 8T is the same as Fig. 8S, with a retention wool 154 placed upstream of the 153. thick paper filter Fig. 8U The support wool of Fig. 8T has been replaced by a liner mesh 160 sealed to the coarse paper filter 159.

The structure of Fig. 8V has a layer outside of SB 161; Filtration quality wool MB 162 and SB 163 which they are sealed together, and the carbon / wool 164 + 165 which is provides between these sealed layers and the 166 thick paper filter. Layers 161, 162 and 163 are preferably joined by points of thermal welding with a total joint area of 5-50%, more preferably 10-20%. Alternatively, these layers can be joined by adhesives. Layers 164 and 165 are preferably joined together by adhesives The material composed of three layers 161/162/163 and the two-layer composite material 164/165 preferably are not linked together.

In Fig. 8W, SB 169 and quality wool MB 171 filtration are bonded together by a porous adhesive hot melt 170, and the carbon / wool is attached to the filter thick paper and MB using layers of a fusion adhesive in hot 172 and 175. Fig. 8X is the same structure as Fig. 8W, except an extra retention wool 186 attached to the filter 184 thick paper using a hot melt adhesive 185. Fig. 8Y shows an outer layer composite of SB 187, MB 188 and SB 189 sealed together. Carbon / wool 191/192 is attached to this sealed outer layer and to the thick paper filter by hot melt adhesives 190 and 193. Fig. 8Z shows the same structure as Fig. 8Y but with a retention wool 204 attached to the thick paper filter 202 by a porous adhesive of hot melt 203.

Finally, Fig. 8AA illustrates SB 205 and wool Quality filtration MB 207 joined together with a porous adhesive Hot melt 206. Carbon / wool 209 + 210 attached from the same way to MB 207. The thick paper filter 212 is joined by hot melt 211, and a liner mesh 213 is sealed to the filter thick paper 212.

Activated carbon fiber layers can have the following configurations: carbon granules between non-woven layers (wool), activated carbon fiber paper, paper with activated carbon ashes, activated carbon fabrics (no interlaced), activated carbon fabrics (woven garments), activated meltblown made of pitch and carbon fibers activated fused inside the MB layer. The activated carbon layer preferably it has an area area of about 500-3000 g / m2 (BET procedure N2) a weight in the range of about 25-500 g / m2 and a air permeability of approximately 500-3000 l / (m2 x s), DIN 53887.

Examples Methodology and test procedures

In the following examples, unless indicate otherwise, the basis weight was determined by I.S.O. 536, thickness by DIN 53 105 (0.2 bar), air permeability by 53887, elastic limit in machine direction (MD) and perpendicular to the machine (CD) using DIN 53112, ball pressure of Mullen (MBP) by DIN 53 141, and filtration properties by T.S.I. 8160 filter tester. In the Figures, the address The air flow is shown by arrows.

The DIN 44956-2 test (April, 1980) was used to characterize the performance of the materials Vacuum bag filter compounds with respect to fine dust particle filtration. The test basically implies the 500 mg filtrate of SAE test fine powder sample a through a circle of 200 square centimeters of filter media being tested using an air flow of ten liters per second in a period of 30 seconds. The pressure drop across of the filter medium is measured before and after filtration. It's used an absolute filter to capture the particles that cross the test filter An expressed retention coefficient is calculated as a percentage from the weight of the sample captured by the test filter, for the total sample weight captured by the filter and the weight of the sample captured by the filter absolute.

The test for air permeability after Fine powder loading: The powder loading part of the DIN 44956-2 developed with 0.5 gram increments in seven bags of each sample. Although, the drop values of Pressure was not recorded again. Maximum sustainable values of air permeability were determined in bags that had the specified levels of dust load.

A Model TSI 8110 filter tester was used to the measure of the average filtration efficiency. With the tester model 8110 2.0% a solution of sodium chloride (20 g NaCl in a liter of water) aerosolized by an aerosol generator. I know heated the drops of water of NaCl in the aerosol, and formed NaCl crystallites with a diameter of 0.1 µm in diameter. The Mass concentration of NaCl in the air was 101 mg / m3. I know used photometry to detect the concentration of air volume in the downstream of the average volume (Cd).

The penetration capacity of the particles of NaCl was calculated like this:

Penetration = P [Cd / Cu] (100%)

Examples 1-7

Samples of various bag constructions of vacuum cleaner shown in Figs. 1-3 and 4-7 were prepared and tested. The examples of prior art 1, 2 and 3 are typical of the constructions of the prior art, and examples 4, 5, 6 and 7 are representative of the bags according to this invention. The characteristics of the constructions of the prior art layers and the Novelties were determined, and are presented in Tables III and IV. The weight, thickness, permeability of air, pore diameter and filtration permeability level of All the compositions. Table V also shows the fall of pressure and air flow through the composite material at a fine powder load measured in increments from 0 to 2.5 grams using DIN 44956-2. The drop data of Table V pressure are drawn in Figs. 9 and 10. The data of Air flow rates are shown in the graph of Fig. 11.

Fig. 9 shows that the three constructions Conventional, Examples of prior art 1, 2 and 3, begin to significantly increase the pressure drop after only 1.0 grams of powder load. Examples of the prior art 2 and 3 in which both contain MB tissues, result in a lot smaller increase in pressure drop with dust loads of Up to 1.5 grams of powder. After this point, the fall of pressure of both examples 2 and 3 increases substantially with the  increased dust load because the pores relatively small MB tissues are clogged with dust particles and fluff

Examples 5, 6 and 7 of this invention show a very small pressure increase, even after a load Maximum 2.5 grams of powder. In addition, filtration efficiencies initial examples 5-7 were all at least as the highest of the prior art samples so It has 99.6% MB tissues. Example 1, which does not contain MB, has a filtration efficiency of less than 96% and has the highest drop of pressure with dust load. A distinctive difference between examples of prior art 2 and 3 and the examples 5-7 is that the thick paper filter was upstream of MB wool in the last three examples. This Allows the paper filter to filter and retain particles dust, particularly large particles, so that wool Quality MB filtration can filter dust particles Small without clogging pores, even with loads of 2.5 g.

In addition, in both cases, the MB and the filter paper used in examples 4, 5, 6, and 7 are noticeably more open than the corresponding materials used in the examples of the prior art 1, 2, and 3. The special paper filter is much more open, as evidenced by the high constants of permeability. That is, the special paper filter is capable of retain more dust Also, the air permeability of the MB in Examples 4, 5, 6 and 7 are much larger, and large mass nonwoven It is higher and less dense. This is achieved by means of different routes in the manufacture of MB, but much more often It is manufactured by increasing the distance from the end of the collector to allow greater filament cooling MB, so the semi-molten filaments will have much more time to cool and solidify completely before being deposited inside the collector. The water spray cloud or the cold air flame can also be used to accelerate the cooling process of extruded filaments.

Differences between MB tissues are indicated more widely in Fig. 10. The example of the prior art 2 of Fig. 9 is drawn again in Fig. 10 labeled as "3M". The new example, labeled "Example 4, Flow of air "was first built by building a non-woven MB of large mass very porous, very high, with a weight of 120 g / m2, used as the most upstream layer. This mesh MB was high and more porous than conventional fabrics used in the prior art examples 2 and 3. Therefore, it serves to filter and retain a large amount of dust particles. Something remarkable, even with the special internal layer of MB 120 g / m 2 and the central layer of 22 g / m 2, the air flow of the example 4 results in a negligible increase in the fall of pressure with a powder load of up to a maximum of 2.5 g of powder.

Although the example of the prior art 1 does not it contained no MB wool, and had a minor increase in fall of pressure than prior art examples 2 and 3, still it has a greater increase in pressure drop with the load of the that they had examples 5 and 6, that they had MB wool. It must be done note that the weight of the MB polypropylene veil used in three of the Examples were 22 g / m2. However, the appropriate site for Placing the thick paper filter and quality wool MB filtration in Examples 5 and 6 result in an increase dramatically lower than the pressure drop, since this allows the paper filter remove and retain medium-sized particles and great, and the MB filtration quality wool just has to filter and contain fine particles. There was a small difference between examples 5 and 6 in the pressure drop, even at the highest load 2.5 grams of powder. The pressure drop was slightly greater with wet paper, because hydrogen bonds between the cellulose molecular chains during the wet process they make the paper laid wet more dense with some pores of the same weight

Fig. 11 shows the results of the examples that dramatize more the appreciable improvements obtained by placing a thick paper filter upstream of quality wool MB filtration (inside the bag) of this invention. Bags  separate from prior art examples 1-3 and Examples 5-7 were loaded with fine powder in 0.5 gram increments of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 grams of powder. Below six bags with different dust loading grades were subjected to a test of air permeability, in which the bag was passed through maximum sustainable amount of air. As you can see in the Fig. 11, the novel construction of the bag, represented by the Example 6 had a maximum sustainable air flow without load of 445 l / (m 2 x s) powder compared to single 225 l / (m2 x s) of Example 3 of the prior art, at a load of 1.5 gram powder Example 6 had a sustained air flow of 265.4 l / (m2 x s) compared to 34.9 l / (m2 x s) from the example of prior art 3, and at 2.5 grams of load; the development differences were more remarkable - 199.8 and 21.9 l / (m 2 x s). Example 2 for these constructions conventional prior art bag had a maximum sustainable air flow of 411 l / (m2 x s), but at values of 1.0 gram of powder load for said Conventional bag constructions.

A conventional vacuum bag suffers from a relative low air flow as seen by 18, 14.9 and 21.9 l / (m x x s) of Examples of prior art 1, 2, and 3 in Fig. 11 after the sixth powder load. It's almost always impossible to add another layer of material to these constructions without Reduce air flow dramatically. In Examples 5 and 6 of Fig. 11, due to the excellent performance of the new constructions, there is a possibility to add more functions to Vacuum bags. In today's vacuum cleaners, it is used a different number of filters, among these are the Carbon filters to absorb odors. Very often they are used in a vacuum cleaner of 3-5 different filters, each That has its own service life.

Due to the high air flow of the presents invention, it is possible to increase the functionality by adding an extra layer of activated carbon fibers in the bag constructions without the need for a filter element separated. This construction has a number of advantages, to to know:

one.

Easier use of the vacuum cleaner for end user, separate, no smell filter It needs to be replaced.

two.

Filters carbon in the present form have a negative influence on the air flow and sometimes reduce the total force of the cleaning dramatically.

3.

The filter of carbon is mounted in a separate molded hollow of plastic, which can be removed by the carbon layer in the bag Vacuum cleaner.

Four.

Due to the time of service life of the vacuum bag, one can expect the optimal functioning of activated carbon fibers during the time the vacuum bag is used.

5.

Like the hole Separate plastic is not used, the construction of the vacuum cleaner It can become simpler and therefore cheaper.

6.

The amount of Activated carbon fibers can be optimized for the life of Vacuum bag service.

7.

Due to the vacuum space limitation, fiber filters activated carbon are relatively small and very often do not have a surface large enough to properly absorb the smells.

8.

Adding a layer extra carbon fiber activated to the novel construction of the vacuum bag, the problem of the filter surface Restricted has been resolved.

5

6

7

Claims (21)

1. A filter to remove entrained particles in a gas, which comprises:

a thick filter layer located upstream in the direction of the air flow, and that It comprises at least one of:

(to)

a high paper wet laying capacity (31; 217), which has a permeability in the air of 500-8000 l / (m2 x s) and a basis weight of 30-150 g / m2,

(b)

a high capacity dry laid paper (34), which has an air permeability of 500-8000

 \ hbox {l / (m2 xs)} 

and a basis weight of 30-150 g / m2,

(c)

a nonwoven meltblown mass (10), which has a permeability in the air of 300-8000 l / (m2 x s) and a basis weight of 30 - 180 g / m2, and

(d)

a nonwoven of filaments (modular), which has an air permeability of 200- 4000 l / (m2 x s) and a basis weight of 20-150 g / m2, Y

a layer of wool blown in Filtration quality cast (11; 32; 35; 217).

2. The filter of claim 1, wherein The layer of molten blown wool of filtration quality has a basis weight of about 10-50 g / m2 and permeability in the air of approximately 100-1500 l / (m2 x s). 3. The filter of claim 2 wherein the high-capacity wet laid paper has a size pore of at least about 160 µm. 4. The filter of claim 1 comprising further downstream of the meltblown wool layer of filtration quality of at least one outer layer comprising the minus one of the following

(i)

a nonwoven interlaced, wet, dry or hydro-entangled (10; 33; 36) or mesh having a basis weight of approximately 6 - 80 g / m2 and an air permeability of approximately 500- 12,000 l / (m2 x s), and

(ii)

a material odor absorbing compound comprising a fiber layer of activated carbon (215) having a basis weight of approximately 25 - 500 g / m2 and an air permeability of approximately 500 - 3000 l / (m2 x s) upstream of a retention layer of wool (214) with a basis weight of approximately 15 - 100 g / m 2 and an air permeability of approximately 2000 - 5000 l / (m 2 x s)

5. The filter of claim 1 comprising additionally a support layer (43; 64; 76; 91; 134; 154; 186; 204) upstream of the meltblown wool layer of filtration quality 6. The filter of claim 5, wherein The retention layer is an interwoven nonwoven. 7. The filter of claim 5 wherein the support layer is upstream of the coarse filter layer (46; 81; 95; 142; 159; 212) and is one of the following (i) a mesh of lining (47; 82; 96; 143; 160; 213) attached to the thick filter layer or (ii) a wet-lying tissue wool (43; 64; 76; 91; 116; 134; 154; 186; 204). 8. The filter of claim 1 wherein less one layer is of a material of dielectric properties appropriate and that is electrostatically charged. 9. The filter of claim 1 wherein less one layer is attached to an adjacent layer of the filter. 10. The filter of claim 9 in which all adjacent layers are bonded with a fusion adhesive Hot porous. 11. The filter of claim 9 wherein All adjacent layers are linked together. 12. The filter of claim 4 in which the outer layer is an interwoven nonwoven that has a basis weight of about 10-40 g / m2 and the coarse filter layer is a large non-woven fabric having a basis weight of approximately 30-180 g / m2. 13. The filter of claim 4 in which the outer layer is an interwoven nonwoven that has a basis weight of about 10-40 g / m2 and the coarse filter layer is a high capacity wet powder paper that has a air permeability of 500-8000 l / (m2 x s).

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14. The filter of claim 4 in which the outer layer is an interwoven nonwoven that has a basis weight of about 10-40 g / m2 and the coarse filter layer is a high capacity dry powder paper that has a air permeability of 500-8000 l / (m2 x s). 15. The filter of claim 1 in which high capacity dry laid paper comprises fibers bicomponents that has a polymer shell and a core of a different polymer that has a melting point greater than that of polymer mentioned first. 16. The filter of claim 15 in which bicomponent fibers comprise approximately 25-50% of high capacity dry lay paper of dust 17. The filter of claim 15 in which The core is polypropylene and the cover is polyethylene. 18. The filter of claim 15 in which the core is arranged eccentrically in relation to the cover. 19. The filter of claim 15 in which bicomponent fibers have a polymer next to the polymer different. 20. The filter of claim 1 in which the mass-blown nonwoven is electrostatically charged. 21. A disposable vacuum bag, comprising a filter according to any one of the claims from 1 to 20.