ES1304203U - Energy capture systems for fluidic currents (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Fluid current energy capture systems, of the type that use turbines that capture energy from water currents in rivers, in the sea and in the air, characterized in that they consist of: a) placing helical, radial turbines or tangential between the two banks of a river, or b) helical turbines, twisted helical turbines or formed by rows of propellers, pairs of blades or paraglider or parachute-type surfaces, said turbines held at one end by means of chains, cables, rods or articulated tubes joined together articulated or with rings, which rotate and drive generators or hydraulic pumps directly or through an rpm multiplier, the other end of the turbine is free, orienting itself with the current, acting as weather vanes, they are attached to a support element, to a boat that is towed, to a post, pillar or anchored to the bottom of the sea, in rivers they are attached to their banks, a control, warning and security system reports the status of each of the devices , light signals or buoys are used to warn possible vessels or aircraft of their situation, a microprocessor reports the operation by receiving signals through speed, temperature, pressure, and voltage sensors and giving warnings or audible and optical signals. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Energy capture systems for fluidic currents

Technical sector

In obtaining electrical energy through renewable means, taking advantage of maritime, river currents and wind. Generating electrical energy for homes, agriculture, seawater desalination, water elevation, feedback of the current obtained to the electrical network, obtaining hydrogen by electrolysis of water, etc.

The object of the invention consists of:

Obtain energy from river, sea and wind currents. The first two, unlike solar and wind energy, tend to be constant and do not have large periods of calm. Water is about 832 times denser than air. This proportion being higher when it comes to high places where the air is more rarefied.

Wind turbines are placed in elevated areas to obtain more energy and hydraulic turbines can be placed on the banks of rivers. Both can use deflectors that propel them upward or towards the center of the current.

The turbines are very simple, flexible, one-piece, helical, or with rows of propellers or pairs of plates, etc. and they are only supported at one end, leaving the other free. There are additional ones that are supported at both ends of the river banks.

Provide a simple, economical and practical system to take advantage of the kinetic and constant energy of rivers, the sea and the wind, which is currently not done or is done very occasionally.

In a variant, helical turbines are formed by rows of propellers or pairs of plates around an axis, the plates have an inclination such that they create a constant turning torque. Wind turbines can be made up of rows of parachutes, which have lateral slits through which the air escapes, generating a turning torque.

Wind turbines can be formed by rows of paragliders which have fins on the edges of the air outlet, which are inclined and produce their rotation.

The above two types can be used when the water is free of solid objects.

Generate a flow of water using motor pumps, which drives a turbine that drives an electric generator or the water is stored in elevated areas in ponds, to be discharged through conduits onto turbines that move generators when there is no wind. This is useful in uninhabited areas or areas without mains power.

Wind turbines can propel ships and also generate electricity anchored to the bottom of the sea or a lake.

The turbines are held with chains, articulated bars or cables. Light or ultralight, resistant and anti-corrosion materials are used. And a control and security system.

Narrowing is done in some rivers in order to increase the speed of their current and obtain more performance.

Although stainless or galvanized steel can be used, it is preferable to use very resistant synthetic fibers, not affected by corrosion, and weighing 8 or 9 times less. Plasticized natural or synthetic fibers can be used for the turbine surfaces. Synthetic fibers can be mixed with graphene, graphene oxide or borophene.

THE SYSTEMS PROVIDE THE ENVIRONMENT, PREVENT GLOBAL WARMING, CLIMATE CHANGE AND ALLOW ITS RECOVERY. SOME CURRENTS ARE CONSTANT, STORAGE IS NOT NECESSARY

Background of the invention

Current dams need special locations, large structures and high costs to achieve high yields. The water currents are used with turbines with large blades, which are not useful because they damage the fauna, all the plant elements, algae, garbage, nets, plastics, etc. adhere to them. existing in them. On the other hand, the helical or worm type are used partially and only completely or partially enclosed inside ducts, which is why they are not efficient. The invention makes it possible to take advantage of the energy available to rivers and streams from their highest area until they reach the sea, lake or other river. It can also take advantage of both surface and deep sea currents and wind currents.

Explanation of the invention

Renewable energy is not yet productive enough to use in large quantities, it is not constant, it produces some environmental pollution, and due to its discontinuity it needs to be stored. With this system, a lot of constant energy is obtained from rivers and other places, its storage not being necessary, and it can be placed where it does not harm or pollute electrically, audibly, or visually.

Fluid current energy capture systems use turbines that capture the energy of water currents in rivers. They consist of: a) placing helical, radial or tangential turbines between the two banks of a river, or b) helical turbines. , twisted helical or formed by rows of propellers, pairs of blades or paraglider or parachute type surfaces, said turbines held at one end by means of chains, cables, rods or articulated tubes joined together articulated or with rings, which rotate and operate generators or hydraulic pumps directly or through an rpm multiplier, the other end of the turbine is free, orienting itself with the current, acting as weather vanes. They are attached to a support element, to a boat they are towing, to a post, pillar or anchored to the bottom of the sea. In rivers they are attached to their banks. A control, warning and security system informs about the status of each one. of the devices, light signals or buoys are used to warn potential vessels or aircraft of their situation. A microprocessor reports operation by receiving signals through speed, temperature, pressure, voltage, etc. sensors. and giving warnings or audible and optical signals.

Turbines of rows of paragliders with fins that produce a torque, parachutes with lateral air outlet slits, propellers or pairs of plates around an axis, which have an inclination such that they create a constant torque are used. mainly with the wind.

The deflector plates of the turbines used in rivers force them to remain in the interior area of the river or away from the banks. Deflector systems can consist of a flexible or tilting bar, with a stabilizing deflector plate at its end next to the electrical generator. In wind systems these deflector plates are used to raise the turbines. The plates have a floating upper area and a weighted lower area to remain stable.

Turbines can have flexible blades, they can have a shaft or drum that acts as a float.

On the banks of rivers, artificial narrowings can be made with rocks or concrete blocks. Other blocks hold the end of the turbines.

In water, the turbines can have a density equal to or close to that of water, or they can have different densities, which means they can be submerged or semi-submerged.

The turbines, their shafts or fins, in addition to being hollow and filled with air, can be made of rubber or latex, foamed plastic polymers such as PVC, polyurethane, polyethylene, etc., with a resistant and protective cover, and can act like weather vanes. The hollow ones can be made of rubber or plastic. They can be inflatable and flexible. In general, those that are in contact with water and with elements that can be abrasive, resistant and low-density materials, polymers, carbon fibers or glass with resins, must be used. And if metallic materials are used, such as steel, they must have a protective layer of zinc or be galvanized. Plastic can be reinforced with graphene, borophene and very resistant synthetic fibers, such as Kevlar. glass, carbon, etc.

Cables and chains can be replaced with light cables made of synthetic fibers.

Among them the most useful and better than nylon. They are polyester fibers, propylene-polyester, polypropylene and high resistance fibers. All of them can be mixed with graphene, graphene oxide or borophene and avoid the drawbacks of steel cables in terms of weight and strength and especially due to their high resistance to corrosion.

Electric generators can be synchronous, and completely permanent magnets. Especially rare earth samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron.

Hydraulic pumps can lift water and store it in elevated ponds from where it is discharged onto turbines that drive electrical generators.

The turbines can be placed in an orderly manner, in horizontal rows so that they can use common electrical or water installations and a large surface area.

The flexible fins tilt, reducing their impact surface with increasing water speed.

Small turbines are usually very revved and do not need multipliers. The mechanical energy obtained can be used to raise water on land where it is stored at high altitudes, subsequently discharged, regulated and driven by a motor or turbine that drives an electrical generator.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic and partially sectional view of a twisted helical turbine. Supported with an arm or rotating bar. From the system of the invention. Figure 1 a shows a schematic and partially sectional view of a twisted helical turbine. Supported by a flexible cable or rod.

Figure 1 b shows a schematic and partially sectional view of a twisted helical turbine. Supported by a chain of elongated links.

Figure 1c shows a schematic and partially sectional view of a twisted helical turbine. Supported by sections of rods articulated together.

Figure 1d shows a schematic and partially sectional view of a twisted helical turbine. Supported by sections of rods or tubes articulated together.

Figure 1e shows a schematic view of a twisted helical turbine made up of twisted rods that run along its lateral edges and between which fabrics or canvases are bundled or wrapped that determine the helical surface.

Figure 1f shows a schematic view of a helical turbine made up of rods that run along its lateral edge and between this and another rod that forms the axis, a fabric or canvas is bundled or wrapped that determines the helical surface.

Figure 1g shows a schematic, side and partial view of a twisted helical turbine. Supported and formed between longitudinal peripheral cords or cables.

Figure 1h shows a schematic, lateral and partial view of a helical fin type turbine. Supported and formed by longitudinal peripheral cords or cables.

Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of a twisted helical turbine attached to the bank of a river with a rotating arm or bar.

Figure 3 shows a schematic plan view of a helical turbine attached to the bank of a river with a flexible arm.

Figure 4 shows a schematic and plan view of a turbine with rows of propellers or pairs of inclined plates attached to the bank of a river by means of an articulated rod and deflectors.

Figure 5 shows a schematic plan view of a special helical turbine with radially curved blades attached to the bank of a river with an articulated rod and deflectors. Figure 6 shows a schematic plan view of a twisted helical turbine attached to the bank of a river with an articulated rod and deflectors.

Figure 7 shows a schematic plan view of a helical turbine attached to the bank of a river with an articulated rod and deflectors.

Figure 8 shows a schematic plan view of a turbine formed by an axisless helical fin attached to the bank of a river with an articulated rod and deflectors.

Figure 9 shows a schematic and plan view of a helical turbine made up of a spring and attached to the bank of a river with an articulated rod and deflectors.

Figure 10 shows a schematic plan view of a group of helical turbines attached to the bank of a river with hoses that send pressurized water.

Figure 11 shows a schematic plan view of a group of helical and tangentially acting turbines held between the two banks of a river.

Figure 12 shows schematic views of different variants of possible turbines used held at one end.

Figure 13 shows a schematic view of a turbine attached to a buoy and its

Maybe it is at the bottom of the sea by means of a chain.

Figure 14 shows a schematic view of a vessel towed by a turbine.

Figure 15 shows a schematic and side view of a retracted helical fin.

Figure 16 shows a schematic and perspective view of Figure 15 with the fin extended by the action of the wind. The turbines of Figures 2 to 11 must be submerged. but to facilitate viewing they are shown semi-submerged. In figure 11, (1r) must be semi-submerged and if it has curved blades it can be used completely submerged.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Figure 1 shows the twisted helical turbine (1) that drives the electric generator (5) held to the ground by the rotating arm or bar (13) held at its end by the joint (14) supported by the concrete foundation (4). . The upper end of the rotating bar carries the deflector fin (15) that keeps it elevated by the action of the wind.

Figure 1a shows the twisted helical turbine (1) held to the ground by the cable or flexible rod (13a) held at its end by the ball joint (4) supported by the concrete foundation (4). The lower end of the flexible rod drives the electric generator (5).

Figure 1b shows the twisted helical turbine (1) held to the ground by the chain (13b) supported at its end by the support element (14a). The lower end of the chain drives the electric generator (5).

Figure 1c shows the twisted helical turbine (1) held to the ground by the articulated rod (13c) held at its end by the ball joint (14) supported by the concrete foundation (4). The lower end of the articulated rod drives the electric generator (5).

Figure 1d shows the twisted helical turbine (1) held to the ground by articulated rods or tubes (13d) held at its end by the ball joint (14) supported by the concrete foundation (4). The lower end of the articulated rods drives the electric generator (5).

Figure 1e shows a twisted helical turbine (1) made up of rods (30) that run along its lateral edges and between which fabrics or canvases (31) that determine the helical surface are placed, bundled or wrapped. Some intermediate rods (32) maintain the separation between said rods. Powers the generator (5).

Figure 1f shows a helical turbine (1c) made up of a rod (30) that runs along its lateral edge and between this and another rod that forms the axis (33) a fabric or canvas (31) is placed, bundled or wrapped, which determines the helical surface. Some intermediate rods (32) maintain the separation between said rods. The axis can be replaced by a rod equal to that of the edge. Powers the generator (5).

Figure 1g shows a twisted helical turbine (1) made up of a fabric or canvas (31) that determines the helical surface. The shape is maintained by the cords or cables (37) arranged longitudinally that support them between blades or rings at their ends (not shown in the figure). Powers the generator (5).

Figure 1h shows a helical fin type turbine (1c), formed by the fabric or canvas (31a) supported between the cords or cables (37) arranged longitudinally that support them between blades or rings at their ends (not shown in the figure ). Powers the generator (5).

Figure 2 shows the twisted helical turbine (1) attached to the bank of a river (11) at the ball joint (14) with a rotating arm or bar (13). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries a deflector plate (15) that keeps it separated from the shore.

Figure 3 shows the helical turbine (1c) attached to the bank of a river (11) in the concrete element or foundation (4) with a cable (16). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries a support (17) with a deflector plate that keeps it separated from the river bank.

Figure 4 shows the turbine formed by a row of propellers (1g) attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of an articulated rod (13c) to the shaft of the generator (5). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries the pair of deflector plates (15d) that keeps it separated from the shore of the river. at the same time that the flow of water over it increases. The pair of deflector plates can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 5 shows the helical turbine (id) attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of an articulated rod (13c) to the shaft of the generator (5). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries the pair of deflector plates (15d) that keeps it separated from the river bank, at the same time that the water flow over it increases. The pair of deflector plates can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 6 shows the twisted helical turbine (1) attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of an articulated rod (13c) to the shaft of the generator (5). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries the pair of deflector plates (15d) that keeps it separated from the river bank, at the same time that the water flow over it increases. The pair of deflector plates can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 7 shows the helical turbine (1c) attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of an articulated rod (13c) to the shaft of the generator (5). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries the pair of deflector plates (15d) that keeps it separated from the river bank, at the same time that the water flow over it increases. The pair of deflector plates can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 8 shows the turbine formed by the shaftless helical fin (1a) attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of a rod articulated to the shaft of the generator (5). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries the pair of deflector plates (15d) that keeps it separated from the river bank, at the same time that the flow of water over it increases. The pair of deflector plates can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 9 shows the spring-type helical turbine (1 b) attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of a rod articulated to the shaft of the generator (5). The turbine is attached to and drives the electric generator (5) and carries the pair of deflector plates (15d) that keeps it separated from the river bank. at the same time that the flow of water over it increases. The pair of deflector plates can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 10 shows the helical turbines (1c) that drive the pumps (24) and are attached to the bank of a river (11) by means of the hoses (25) through which the water is sent to the motor pump (26) which drives the generator (5) supported by the foundation (4).The turbines are kept separate from the shore and receive the water flow increased by the deflector fins (15d) which can be replaced by a truncated-conical element.

Figure 11 holds between the concrete foundations (4) on the two banks (11) of a river the twisted helical (1), helical (1c) and tangential or radial (1r) turbines. They power the generators (5).

Figure 12 shows different variants of possible turbines used: The twisted helical turbine (1). The turbine formed by the helical fin (1a) without shaft. The flattened wire spring type turbine (1 b). The worm type helical turbine (1c). The worm-type helical turbine with the radially curved fin (1d). The turbine formed by a row of parachutes in series (1e). rotating. The turbine formed by a series row of rotating paragliders (1f) and a turbine formed by a series row of propellers (1g). The parachutes have lateral slits through which the air escapes, generating a turning torque. Paragliders have fins on the air outlet edges. that are inclined and produce their rotation.

Figure 13 shows the twisted helical turbine (1) attached to the generator shaft (5) by means of the articulated rod (13c) and is supported by the buoy (40) which in turn is supported at the bottom by the chain (41).

Figure 14 shows the vessel (42) partially towed by the articulated rod (13c) by the turbine (1) which in turn can generate electrical energy.

Figure 15 shows retracted the turbine formed by the helical fin (1 b) supported by a spherical element (36) that rotates on the top of the mast (35) and rotates the generator (5) which in turn acts as a counterweight to the turbine. turbine.

Figure 16 shows the turbine of Figure 15, extended by the action of the wind, formed by the helical fin (1b) formed between the cords or cables (37) and supported at its ends by blades or rings not shown in the figure, supported by the mast (35) and drives the generator (5) which in turn acts as a counterweight to the turbine.

Both the turbines and their fastening elements, cable, chains, rods, etc., are interchangeable between the different figures.

Claims (24)

1. Fluid current energy capture systems, of the type that use turbines that capture energy from water currents in rivers, in the sea and in the air, characterized in that they consist of a) placing helical, radial or tangential between the two banks of a river, or b) helical turbines, twisted helical turbines or turbines formed by rows of propellers, pairs of blades or paragliding or parachute-type surfaces, said turbines being held at one end by means of chains, cables, rods or tubes. articulated joints joined together articulated or with rings, which rotate and drive generators or hydraulic pumps directly or through an rpm multiplier, the other end of the turbine is free, orienting itself with the current, acting as weather vanes, they are attached to a support element, to a boat that is towed, to a post, pillar or anchored to the bottom of the sea, in rivers they are attached to their banks, a control, warning and security system reports the status of each of the devices, Light signals or buoys are used to warn possible vessels or aircraft of their situation. A microprocessor reports operation by receiving signals through speed, temperature, pressure, and voltage sensors and giving warnings or audible and optical signals. 2. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that in rivers deflector plates force the turbines to remain in the interior area of the river, away from the banks. 3. Systems according to claim 2, characterized in that the plates are kept vertical by means of floats on the upper edge and ballasts on the lower ones. 4. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that in the wind systems deflector plates maintain the turbines, by means of a ballast on the lower edges. 5. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbines have flexible blades and a shaft or drum acts as a float. 6. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the banks of the rivers have artificial narrowings with rocks or concrete blocks. 7. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbines, their shafts or fins are made of plastic, rubber or latex, hollow and filled with air, filled with foam of plastic polymers such as PVC, polyurethane, polyethylene, with a resistant and protective cover made of resistant materials. and low density, polymers, carbon fibers or glass with resins, steel with a protective layer of zinc or being galvanized and plastic reinforced with graphene, graphene oxide, borophene and synthetic fibers of kevlar, glass or carbon. 8. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables are made of synthetic fibers, nylon, polyester fibers, propylene-polyester, polypropylene and high resistance fibers. 9. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbines are placed in an orderly manner, in horizontal rows. 10. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that helical turbines formed by an elongated and twisted plate (1) are used. 11. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that shaftless helical turbines formed by a helical fin (1 a) are used. 12. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that helical turbines formed by a spring with the flattened thread (1 b) are used. 13. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that worm-type helical turbines (1c) are used. 14. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that worm-type helical turbines with a radially curved fin (1d) are used. 15. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that turbines formed by a row of parachutes (le) are used, which have slits or lateral cuts that provide inclined air outlets that create a turning torque with the air stream. 16. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that turbines formed by a row of paragliders (10) are used, which have their exit edges inclined, creating a turning torque with the air current. 17. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that turbines formed by rows of propellers (1g) linked together by cables, rods or chains are used. 18. Systems according to claim 10, characterized in that the twisted helical turbines are formed by rods (30) that run along their lateral edges and between which fabrics or canvases (31) are placed, bundled or wrapped that determine the helical surface, carrying some intermediate rods (32) that maintain the separation between said rods. 19. Systems according to claim 13, characterized in that the endless helical turbines are formed by rods (30) that run along their lateral edge and between this and another rod that forms the axis (33) a cloth or canvas is placed, bundled or wrapped ( 31) that determines the helical surface, carrying intermediate rods (32) that maintain the separation between said rods and the axis. 20. Systems according to claim 19, characterized in that the axis is replaced by a rod or cable. 21. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbines are supported with flexible rods or bars (13) or rotating with respect to the attachment point. 22. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbines are supported with cables (13a, 16), chains (13b), sections of rods or articulated tubes (13c, 13d). 23. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbines supported by both banks and perpendicular to the river current are helical (1, 1c) or with radial blades (1r) and the (1r) flat or curved. 24. Systems according to claim 1, characterized in that elevated ponds store the water sent by the water pumps, with tubes that discharge the water from the ponds onto turbines that in turn drive electrical generators.