ES1304091U - Solar aircraft (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar aircraft characterized by comprising on its outer surface cells to capture solar energy, which charge batteries that in turn power electric motors that propel and sustain the ship, by them or in collaboration with other types of propellants with energy from from renewable sources. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

solar aircraft

Technical sector

The present invention refers to flight systems: a flying machine powered by the sun and by fuel and electricity from renewable energies.

State of the art

There are two ways to fly: the hummingbird and the condor. The hummingbird beats its wings at high speed allowing it to remain static in the air, the condor when flying keeps its wings open and glides. The way the hummingbird flies requires a large energy expenditure, the condor on the contrary requires a minimum expenditure to stay in flight. The way in which aeronautical technology imitates these extreme forms of flight are drones and helicopters and somewhat less autogyros for the flight of the hummingbird and the glider (without a motor) to imitate the condor. All planes operate between these extremes. Other means of staying in the air are rockets or missiles based on Newton's 3rd law of action and reaction and the balloon-airship based on Archimedes' principle.

Explanation of the invention

-The solar-airship, which is a flattened balloon (like a cushion) that has photoelectric cells attached to its upper part (see utility model applications no. 202200278 sheets of ounces ) from which hangs a basket with different cameras, photographic, infrared, and others can be in the air for an indefinite time and self-powered by the sun to monitor the coasts, roads, borders, fields, forests, prevent fires or detect them and proceed to extinguish them, etc. Illuminate large urban areas, crop fields, thanks to batteries that are charged by the sun during the day and illuminate the night, technology already invented, but not on the scale that allows the airship since a self-powered hot air balloon powered by the sun can maintain itself in the air without wasting energy for an indefinite time.

The plavion ( glider + plane ) Figures. 1 to 19 of drawings, use solar energy; the seats, fuselage, wings, etc. They are lightened to reduce weight and spend less energy flying. To increase its autonomy, its wing area is increased to the maximum and solar wafers and light batteries are placed on its upper part. Its wide, fusiform fuselage makes it easier to glide. The wings fold inside the fuselage or on themselves to stabilize flight in strong winds. Their inclination allows them to achieve greater flight speed by varying their angle of attack. The wings do not require flaps in various designs, the 8 folders allow their movement and rotation vertically and horizontally, the thrust is generated by double propellers of dinalter engines, (acronym for dynamo-alternator, utility model U202200249 of wind-solar machines in the which explains the coaxial reverse rotation rotor electric motors and generators with less weight than a normal motor would generate more power) or normal. It will be aerodynamic, with height and direction rudders and large wings that, while capturing solar energy, serve as planes.

Flying solves the inequality: Energy generated by the solar panels > Energy consumed by the dinalter(s) in cruising flight. Three options 1f also contribute to this. add deposits of liquid H and O or hydrogen only, obtained through wind-solar machines by dissociating water using electrolysis to use them in rocket engines. The rocket motors raise it to a high altitude (the dinalter blades can be folded at this time to reduce air resistance), they stop and are replaced by the glide driven by the motor propellers. dinalter; If it loses altitude, the process of propelling the ship with the rocket motors is restarted, without using kerosene (if an accident is anticipated, the H and O tanks are emptied very quickly). _2f tow a "flying awning" (Figs. 14-18-20). improve the weight/charge ratio of the batteries.

The area of the solar panels required to fly at cruising speed is studied and the necessary algorithms are used to calculate that the wing surface of the plavion plus its canopy maintain flight and batteries, H tanks and rocket motors are added to the plavion. It is necessary to carry out tests in wind tunnels of the prototype, to manage the wings and minimize turbulence or eddies when varying the translation speeds, it is very interesting to do this with scale models of aeromodelling that allow failures to be detected with less spending on R&D with the advantage that airplane modelers would have ships with the latest technology and uses for small transportation and other purposes and for the companies that develop them, another source of income.

On the ground, charged batteries are replaced, in flight the sun recharges them to give them autonomy. Lifting and takeoff is what consumes the most energy. The plane and its canopy have a 6 cablestrole that works like a trolleybus. The energy is taken from an insulated cable from the runway during takeoff, which allows it to take flight with the full batteries, cable 6 (Fig 2), which is like a flexometer, is coiled when the plavion reaches the height that those who develop it study; Takeoff can be done with a hook that holds it until the dinalter is at maximum speed, a cable-trolley feeds it until it runs out, which releases on its own and falls to the runway, the plavion has another cable-trolley of variable length that connects it to the awning that has another plug-in to the track that can be rolled up, the lengths of the 3 cables (of the track, awning and plavion) are added to raise the plavion as much as possible. Thanks to its large lift area and the option to vary the inclination of the dinalter propellers, less runway length and lower takeoff speed will be required. The pt skid protects the double propeller 1 from rubbing against the ground if, due to the wind, its blades could rub against the runway when landing, in several sketches I do not draw the trolley cable, batteries, rocket motors or others and the fuel tanks, but he always has them.

The flight of the plavion is in a sawtooth shape (Fig 12 F), it is explained: if the solar energy due to the ecliptic does not allow the photoelectric cells to reach their maximum efficiency, it may happen that sufficient electrical power is not generated for them to the dinalter motors and therefore the propellers move at the necessary speed, in this case it is the rocket motors that propel and raise the ship to a higher level to carry out the glide, it is similar to what vultures and condors do in nature, to look for ascending thermal currents, which a planion that has to follow a certain course cannot allow. The "sawtooth" would be shortened if all the factors involved in the flight maximize its effectiveness: coincident sun course, tailwind, capacity of the batteries and photoelectric panels, aerodynamics of the ship and the tare plus load, among others. others. Interesting in flying above the clouds. For vertical takeoff, see Figs. 21-22 its keys are: large lifting surface that folds on takeoff and unfolds in flight. The large propellers of the vertical axis dinalter rotate in reverse, avoiding the tail propeller. The large wing area makes it easier to glide with low energy and capture more sun. Rocket motors can be replaced or other propulsion systems added.

The objective is to provide keys to research and create ships that help reduce the problem of climate change with solutions that aeronautical technicians can improve by contributing their knowledge. Compared to current flight systems, its advantages are: A plavion is built very light throughout its structure, ultralight and flexible seats are designed, therefore, its kinetic energy is much lower in the event of impact, it can carry retrorockets that restrain the ship which further improves the safety of the passage. Its wing area is much greater than that of normal airplanes, and in the event of all its engines failing (which, being electric and with a duplicate installation, is very unlikely) the slowness allows it to land at a lower speed in glide; empty hydrogen tanks and release batteries with parachutes, in a forced landing with them empty the risk of their explosion and fire is avoided; It also has the advantage that when the H and O are released they do not pollute as happens with kerosene. An airbag system is installed in the belly of the plane, which, added to its low descent speed while planning, improves safety when landing or ditching. The flight speed required by any traditional aircraft prevents all of these safety systems. Shorter takeoff and landing allow us to reduce the size of the runways and therefore the cost of airport construction.

Brief description of the drawings

They are detailed sketches of planions, (they are not plans) with essential keys, which require studies prior to manufacturing. Some movements are indicated with vectors and dotted lines. The same or similar element is always designated the same.

Fiq. 1 Views of plavion: From above with wings 9 folded to their maximum and seats. B zenithal with wings spread. Front C. Interior side D. E outer side. 6 cable-trolley. 3 tail rudder. 8 folders. 9 wing folded at A and unfolded at B. F front view of its interior. It is necessary to differentiate between foldable/unfolding wings, which are used to fly, and adjustable ones, although both are used to capture the sun.

Fig. 2 A top view, all covered with solar panel and B front with plavion. 3 rudder and 1 in all the sketches is the dinalter engine. 8 folders. 15' side wings. It was the fuselage. 9 closed rear wings.

10 rear wing flaps. 9' wings open. 6 trailer-connection cable-trolley to transmit the electrical power from the awning to the plavion. C sketch of wings. pt tail dinalter 1 protective skid.

Fiq. 3 Two plavions. 11 adjustable solar panels on the wings that vary in position to increase performance. 2 the rocket engine. Views: A overhead with folded wings and B with open wings. C side view. 12 the batteries that serve as a counterweight, flight stabilizers and move them in the fuselage to vary the center of gravity as the fuel tanks (liquid H and O) are emptied. axis that varies position to unfold and orient the adjustable wings (solar panels) to the sun. D front section view. In Fig. 4 Two plavions: A and B. Views: 1 overhead, 9' wings deployed and 2 with 9' wings folded. 3 front, wings folded. 4 front, wings spread. 5 side. to one of the folding wings in folded and unfolded positions.

Fig. 5 Hydroplavion with delta wings. Views from above . B side. C front with one and two dinalter 1. 4 solar panels. 5 floats. 2 rocket motor.

Fig. 6 Views: A side view with delta wing and rocket motor 2 . B front on ground, 1 dinalter. 13 landing gear. C zenithal with three non-limiting wing designs, D frontal in flight. The larger the wing surface, the more solar energy it captures and allows the plavion to increase its gliding time. Although the awning is not drawn in this sketch, it would also be towed, the awning always accompanies the plavion.

Fiq. 7 Views: Frontal on the ground. B zenith in flight. C zenithal with its wings folded. D frontal flight with wings in two different orientations towards the sun. Replacing the charge with batteries would serve as an awning, dispensing with the dinalter 1 . and reducing the size of its fuselage.

Fig. 8 Views: A lateral folded wings and A' open wings. B two frontals with wings oriented to two positions of the sun. B' front on the ground. C zenithal in flight and C' zenithal on the ground. 4 solar panels.

Fig. 9 Views: Side . B front of the interior of the fuselage. C zenithal. 14 "rifle type" charger deposit for standard cylindrical batteries in the luggage area. 7 adjustable wings. 9 deployable wings.

Fig. 10 Views: From above. B front. C side. D sketch "fan" wings and folded tail. 1 folded dinalter propeller to improve gliding. 1' deployed when impelling the plavion. 9/9' tail wings unfolded. ru wheels running. ru' folded wheel. of separate H or H and O deposits. 2 rocket motor. A sketch of a seat made of plastic, foam rubber and straps: comfortable, tiltable, rotates, protects more, moves, weighs and costs much less than usual airplane seats. 15 "fan" wings and 9 tails orientable to the sun. F sketch of the plavion with its large wing surface with solar cells.

Fig. 11 Views: From above. abc gliding wing deployment phases. B side. Front C with the dinalters in extreme rotation positions. ss section of the interior. It is essential to improve stability during takeoff, flight and landing that the mobile wings retract all or part if the wind is strong.

Fig. 12 Views: A - B zenithal unfolded wings. C front wings folded. C' deployed. D - D' lateral wings unfolded. E views of the different wing area of a conventional airplane and a plavion of similar capacity and the canopy that it tows. F diagram of the "sawtooth" flight of a plane when the dinalters 1 are not well supplied with solar energy and their elevation with the rocket motors 2 is required. If the dinalters receive enough energy, the flight becomes linear and the "saw teeth" disappear. These are elements used to increase wing structural resistance since they must reach a large size to be operational, they will be of various types and are installed on the platforms that require it. G are the front, top and side views of an awning, an example of a very light and simple design.

Figs.13.14.15 Views of 3 planions: Open top view. A' folded zenith. B side. C side view of the plavion and its awning. D front view of plavion and its awning. Fig 14- F compares the area of a normal airplane with a plavion and its canopy in flight to contrast the great wing difference; it is necessary to fold all or part of the wings if it is windy when landing or taking off. cr power cable and trailer.

Figs. 16.17 Two designs with shared views: A top view with the wings folded. A' zenithal, wings spread. B side. Front C. 7' orientable wings.

Fig. 18 Views: A top-down view. B folded zenith. D front. 7' side wings. 3c tail rudder wing. AT overhead view of the awning. Side BT . Front CT awning deployed: c with the sun on the left. d the sun to the right. and the zenithal sun. adjustable solar wing -plate. p' main stabilizing wing. 3 and 3' wings horizontal and vertical rudder. was fuselage. c, d, e, front view of the canopy and a, b of the drone with different orientations towards the sun.

Fig. 19 Views: From above with wings open for flight. B side with the cable-trolley 6 . The lift dinalter is rotated in order to shorten the takeoff run. C lower view of ailerons 7 open to capture the sun. D front. 7 open ailerons (in E all folded). cp pilot and passenger cockpit. Propellers 1' and 1 can change the angle and are rotated up to 90° in takeoff and static flight and the horizontal axis of the dinalter 1 can be raised from a to b (not drawn in the figure). ct landing gear doors. 8 folder (has 4).

Fig.20 Awning, Views: A top view with the plates folded. A' deployed. B side. C front on track.

D front with two positions to follow the sun (they rotate 360° on their axes 15 ). E sketch of plavion towing the awning. 7 and 7' solar panels unfolded and awning. ru wheel-airbag for landing. ev flight stabilizer. ru' semi-folded rear wheel. gr tow hook, the trolley cable will have sufficient length so as not to interfere with its flight, which is controlled by the pilot of the plavion (or/and the automatic). The solar awning folds into AC cables. The 3 wings prevent it from becoming destabilized when the awning plates rotate to face the sun. eg Motorized rotation axes. The awning has batteries for the braking propeller and the stabilizer motors that prevent the plavion and others from reaching applications; It does not carry rockets or cargo and will weigh as little as possible. Many plavion designs adapt as awnings, minimizing their fuselage and weight.

Fig. 21 Views: From above during takeoff, the 2 propellers of the lifting dinalter are drawn, the drive group gi is rotated 90° with the circular axis ej to raise it and they are rotated in flight. B overhead view in flight, C side view on the ground, the trolley cable 6 is connected to the take-off runway battery and disconnected when it reaches its height. D lateral in flight and landing gear in the fuselage. The 1 dinalter drive propellers, that is, the blades (they are solar panels) for support, occupy the entire circle ci, in flight they move like those of a gyroplane and can generate current, they only expend energy to raise it and take off, in flight only drive propellers 1 expend energy. ru wheels.

Fig. 22 Views: From above in flight with the wings spread to capture solar energy, but if it has extra, it can fold part of the wings and gain greater cruising speed. B lateral in flight. C lateral on land. D zenith in the position of takeoff and vertical elevation, for which the ground roll-up cable-trolley is attached to the cable-trolley of the ship and rises to a considerable height without using up its batteries. When the programmed height is reached, it automatically stops. release the cable trolley from the ground cable and it coils up. E zenith and wings 7' folded. The pa blades are added to plan and charge electricity to the 7-7' wings, their area is calculated to capture the maximum of light to supply the dinalters and save energy from batteries or H from the tanks.

Fig. 23 The hovercraft, spending less energy than the helicopter, moves through water, ice, mud, etc., due to the "ground effect" provided by the skirt and is also very fast. views: Side . B zenithal with folded wings. C zenithal: deployed. 1 dinalter engine and vertical tail rudder. fa skirt, its base is not free as in the traditional one, it is closed with a sheet that allows the air to escape when the pressure of the outside air is lower pa but which closes if it is higher pc is a "sieve full of plastic valves" vp that only opens in one direction and that allows it to float and rise while spending less energy. fuselage for passengers and cargo. pa upper propeller of the elevator dinalter. In the overhead view the lower propeller is not drawn; both have photocells due to their large size but do not have thrust cells. zb lowest area where the batteries go. 1' dinalter for double function: charging batteries with sunlight and inflating the air mattress.

Fig. 24 Views: Side view with wind-solar machine. (See patent wind-solar machines) B lower with folded plates. C zenith with open plates. fu fuselages joined by the ps aisle. The wind-solar machines are drawn in a much smaller size than they would be in reality in order to be able to draw them on the sheet of paper. bt telescopic panel folding arm.

Fig. 25 In this design the fuselage is toroidal. en1 wind-solar machines of various types. Views: C zenith of the wind machine that directs the wind with the deflector df to the skirt fa with axis that coincides with the center of the torus. B side views. ab several wind-solar machines. 1 dinalter propellers that drive and move it, the air pressure to the skirt is given by those or other wind-solar ones. No more designs are drawn so as not to lengthen the explanation further.

Fig.26 Solar airship, (exclusive numbering is used, there are many of its own elements) Side views A and front B : 1 balloon with its solar foil in the upper area. 2 parabola that concentrates sunlight on the air heater tube 3 that receives the air from the bottom of the balloon 1 through the pipe 4 that enters the heater tube 3 driven by the turbine 5 , the heated air returns to the upper part of the balloon 1 through the pipe 6, in the pipe 4 a metering valve 7 is placed to regulate the amount of air that enters the heating tube 3 and a valve 8 to give entry or exit of air from outside to the balloon 1 , both in the most interesting place on your route. The pipes 4 and 6 are flexible to accompany the parabola 2 in its journey, which rotates up to 90° vertically inside the ring 9 by means of bearings 10 moved by a micromotor 11 ; With the 12 bearing, it rotates 360° horizontally to follow the sun.

The balloon can be steered with the engine bearing 14 dinalter 13 fairing to improve performance and passenger safety. To power the dynalter 13 in the passenger compartment 16 , it has a ring 17 with 2 bearings 18 to orient the plate 15 to the sun with a notch 19 to access the compartment 16 where the sun does not shine. 20 hitch arms. 21-22 are sketches of dirigible balloons.

Fig. 27 They adapt like seaplanes. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J : These are several sketches of plavions with folded wings. There are many designs that can be adapted as awnings, a dinalter uses a lot of energy and a lot of solar collection surface with photocells is required to supply them.

Exposition of how to carry out the invention

This invention is a set of ideas and designs that can only be developed by companies with highly qualified technical personnel and a very high financial capacity so that they can consider research, development and manufacturing of prototypes prior to mass production and marketing.

How to build a coffee maker, for example, can be done in the context of a utility model patent, but how to set up companies with the capacity to build solar aircraft is not possible here, it is the aeronautical companies, governments of countries, and large companies. Investors who, informed and seeing its great potential, are interested in carrying out the invention, do not draw more sketches because they already seem sufficient to explain the keys to the invention. It would be the aeronautical engineers who, also contributing their knowledge, develop more prototypes, which, as is already happening With current airplanes they would never end. There are a multitude of technical details: telescopic and propeller folding systems, electronics, robotics, changing the center of gravity by moving the batteries, light seat designs, study of ultralight structural materials, motorization for closing and opening of sliding wings (which they are gliders) and wings and solar orientable panels, etc. which are not described in detail, their development and study, since that would be the function of the technicians of the interested companies.

The sketches of the "utility model" described as a non-limiting example require a lot of time, studies and money to make it a reality. Explaining in detail each and every element of a solar aircraft prototype presented on a single page requires many pages of drawings and descriptions that cannot be the work of the inventor alone.

Claims (5)

1. Solar aircraft characterized by comprising on its outer surface cells to capture solar energy, which charge batteries that in turn power electric motors that propel and sustain the ship, by them or in collaboration with other types of propellants with energy from from renewable sources. 2. Solar aircraft according to claim 1 characterized by comprising, in addition to the supporting wings, lateral and flow surfaces that can move by folding or unfolding and orienting towards the sun and where the solar cells are installed. 3. Solar aircraft according to claim 1 characterized by comprising a canopy towed by the aircraft with plates that provide extra electricity to the towing craft, with propellers, wings and engines for vertical takeoff and landing. 4. Solar aircraft according to claim 1 characterized by being shaped like a hot air balloon in whose upper part the photoelectric cells that power the batteries are installed, and because the batteries supply energy to the motors. 5. Solar aircraft according to claim 1 characterized by having large propellers with lifting blades and static flight and several drive systems for horizontal flight and by being made up of lifting systems on an air cushion and powered by solar wind machines and batteries.