ES1278740U - CERAMIC MORTAR (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Ceramic mortar comprising binder and aggregates, where the binder is natural cement, characterized by the fact that the aggregates have an average particle size of less than 4 mm and include a mixture of crushing aggregates and crushed brick, where the brick Crushed has a multimodal particle size distribution, so that an accommodation of some particles with others takes place as a function of their different sizes in the same mortar. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

CERAMIC MORTAR

The present invention belongs to the field of construction, and more specifically it focuses on ceramic mortars for use in construction.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new ceramic mortar with hygroscopic properties, in which its composition also comprises environmentally friendly materials with regard to the energy consumption required to obtain it.

Another object of the present invention is the use of ceramic and hygroscopic mortar in the manufacture of pavements and / or prefabricated pieces with draining properties, as well as its use as plaster mortar.

The ceramic and hygroscopic mortar of the present invention is especially suitable for regulating ambient humidity and / or filtering liquid water in the construction and / or renovation of buildings in general.

Background of the invention

In recent years there is a growing interest in sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings.

In this sense, Arriaran's (2007) doctoral thesis analyzes the moisture behavior of lightened clay and a volcanic arid [Arriaran, IG (2007). Hygroscopic characterization of construction materials: lightened clay and picón: doctoral thesis. University of the Basque Country, Editorial Service = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Argitalpen Zerbitzua].

Also Céline Gillot in “ The use of pozzolanic materials in Maya mortars: new evidence from Río Bec” (Campeche, Mexico) describes the use of volcanic ash in a non-hydraulic lime binder in order to provide it with some hydraulic activity. Lime particles are predominantly CaCO ³ in composition and volcanic ash particles are basically SiO ² in composition. The disclosed mortar uses a type of "grog" aggregate which is a raw clay (without firing) formed by free particles of great fineness that do not present porosity. This article does not disclose, among others, clay cooked in the mortar.

It is known that hygroscopic mortars are passive damp absorbers and that this improves the interior thermal comfort of buildings.

In this sense, Mesquita, et al. (2013) in “Continuous Interior Coatings of Various Layers with Vapor Barrier and Hygroscopicity Characteristics', Polytechnic University of Madrid, describes a mortar for use indoors with vapor barrier and hygroscopicity properties to regulate environmental humidity. The hygroscopic layer formed incorporates a pre-dosed gypsum coating that provides hygroscopic properties, although these properties are lower than those of a conventional cement-sand mortar coating.

Recently also earth mortars have been described, denominated “eco-efficient” by Santos et al. (2021) in "Eco-efficient earth plasters: The effect of sand grading and additions on fresh and mechanical properties" Journal of Building Engineering, 33, 101591.

On the other hand, LG Li et al. In “Reutilization of Clay Brick Waste in Mortar: Paste Replacement versus Cement Replacement ', Asce Library, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineers, Vol. 31, Number 7, (2019), discloses the addition of brick dust as an aggregate and substitute for cement in a mortar in order to improve the gripping capacity and mechanical resistance of the mortar. The concentration of Portland cement: brick dust is 1: 0.1. It is highlighted the fact that this document deals with powdered brick whose porosity is null or practically null.

R. Fort et al. In "Implications of new mineral phases in the isotopic composition of Roman lime mortars at the Kom el-Dikka archaeological site in Egypt ' Construction and Building Materials 268 (2021) 121085 describes mortars that use lime ( lime) as binder, predominantly of CaCO ³ that gives rise to an air lime. The rest of the components or their percentages are not indicated. The described mortars harden by carbonation when CaCO3 is formed.

Finally, patent US2012037044 discloses a composition to add to mortars in order to mitigate the formation of the typical dusty environment that is formed during the handling of cementitious materials. The disclosed composition comprises silicone oil and a binder. Silicone is made up of polymeric chains that have nothing to do with quartz, which is a crystalline structure. Although both have silicon and oxygen, their chemical structure is as different as their properties.

Despite the fact that various types of cement-based mortars have been described, including earth, sand, gypsum or other materials such as sewage waste, cellulose, mollusk shells, a ceramic mortar that possesses a high degree of cement has not yet been developed. hygroscopicity and also respectful of the environment in relation to the starting components used.

Therefore, there is still a need to provide a ceramic mortar that is hygroscopic, has improved moisture absorption capacity and water adsorption capacity, as well as being environmentally friendly. In view of the state of the art, it is desirable to provide a ceramic mortar that makes it possible to improve the interior health of buildings.

Description of the invention

The present invention has been carried out in view of the state of the art described above, and, in a first aspect, the object of the present invention is to provide a new ceramic mortar that improves hygroscopicity and is also respectful with the environment as well as, in a second aspect, its use in the construction sector.

To solve the problem, the present invention provides, in a first aspect, a ceramic mortar comprising binder and aggregates, where the binder is natural cement, and is characterized by the fact that the aggregates have an average particle size of less than 4 mm and include a mixture of crushing aggregates and crushed brick, where the crushed brick particles present a multimodal particle size distribution, so that an accommodation of some particles with others is produced based on their different sizes in the same mortar . It should be noted that crushed brick is a by-product generated from defective ceramic products produced in manufacturing.

The multimodal particle size distribution indicates coexistence of at least two different particle size ranges in the same mortar. The fact that there are two different populations of particle sizes in the same mortar improves the accommodation of some particles with others based on their different sizes and, therefore, the mortar increases its concentration by weight of brick.

Therefore, a mortar with a higher density is provided from the aggregate crushed brick.

Likewise, the at least two populations or fractions of different particle sizes of brick in the same mortar ensure the presence of the morphology of the cavernous body of the brick, which allows the porosity of the mortar to be increased and its density decreased, while the ceramic mortar maintains good properties. mechanical. Therefore, a lighter, more porous ceramic mortar with good mechanical properties is provided.

In one embodiment, the porosity of the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the invention can be 47 ± 5%.

In one embodiment, the relative density of the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the invention can be 1.5 ± 0.3 g / cm3.

In one embodiment, the 28-day compressive strength of the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the invention is 3.5 MPa.

Therefore, a mortar with a high specific surface area of the aggregate brick is provided, which gives the mortar greater porosity. In addition to the increase in porosity, the brick's own chemical composition also has an influence on further increasing the capacity for absorbing ambient humidity and the water adsorption capacity of the mortar.

In one embodiment, the absorption of environmental humidity of the ceramic mortar is 46.4% measured by weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of ceramic mortar;

In one embodiment, the 100% ceramic mortar water adsorption measured by weight of H ² O (g) / Kg ceramic mortar;

The brick can be crushed using any of the methods known in the state of the art suitable to obtain variable granulometry. The selection of the method and / or device for crushing the brick is part of the general knowledge of one skilled in the art.

The selection of the method and / or device for separating medium particle size fractions from the crushed brick is part of the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, for example, each fraction retained on a sieve of a given size can provide a particle size distribution or a different mean particle size range with respect to another fraction retained on another sieve of a different size than the previous one. Selection from two or more different particle size distributions or from two or more different particle size ranges can be done simply by choosing two or more fractions retained on two or more different sieves. The result is crushed brick with variable granulometries or multimodal distribution. Particles belonging to the smallest mean size range fill in the intergranular spaces left by particles belonging to the largest mean size range. Figures 1A and 1B graphically show this effect.

Binder for mortar

It is of general knowledge for a connoisseur in the matter that the binders commonly used for the preparation of mortars are usually: Portland cement, natural cement or lime binder. The main chemical components are Ca (OH) ² , Mg (OH) ² , SiO ² , AhO ³ and Fe ² O ³ , where the main component in all of them is portlandite (calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) ² ).

Binders are classified as airborne, if they are only capable of air hardening, or hydraulic if they require water to harden.

The aerial lime binder is characterized by having a very high content (> 80%) of Ca (OH) ² ) (or with a certain content of dolomite Mg (OH) ² ), and hardening by reaction with the ambient ^{CO 2:}

Ca (OH ^{) 2} (s) CO ² (g) ^ CaCO3 (s) H ² O (liq)

The production of lime from the ore takes place by calcination at approx. 1000 ° C.

There is also hydraulic lime that is basically Ca (OH ^{) 2} "doped", naturally or artificially, with components that have pozzolanic activity. These pozzolanic components are rich in SiO ² , and have the ability to react with Ca (OH ^{) 2} and water to form a calcium silicate compound that hardens by hydration:

Ca (OH ^{) 2} + SiO ² + H ² O ^ C a OSO 2 H ² O

or expressed in abbreviated cement chemistry notation: CH S H ^ C-S-H

Very different in chemical composition is Portland cement obtained from minerals in a proportion of 60-67% Ca (OH ^{) 2} and 17-25% SiO ² (the rest would be Mg (OH) ² , AhÜ ³ and Fe ² O ³ ), a cooking is done at 1400-1450 ° C, called clinkerization. At these temperatures the minerals react chemically to basically form tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate. These two components are those that, when reacting with water, give rise to tobermorite (CHS), whose composition is Ca ⁵ Si ⁶ Ü i ⁶ (OH) ² nH ² Ü, or

⁵ CaO- ⁶ SiO ² - ⁵ H ² O. The hydration reaction is:

Alita: C ³ SH ^ CSH Ca (OH ^{) 2}

Belita: C ² SH ^ CSH Ca (OH ^{) 2}

The tobermorite forms a kind of filaments that interlock with each other, providing mechanical resistance to the set / hardened product.

There is also common or natural cement whose composition of the starting mineral, although similar to that of Portland cement, is not the same and there are also differences that affect the environment. One difference lies in the calcination temperature. Clinker Portland is produced at 1400 ° C, while the firing of natural cement takes place at around 950-1000 ° C, with which tricalcium silicate, C ³ S, is not formed, but only lime and dicalcium silicate are formed. , C ² S (C ³ S provides short-term toughness and C ² S provides long-term toughness). In this way, common cement hardens mainly at early times by the hydration reaction of C ² S, although lime (CaO) also provides long-term hardness (or mechanical resistance).

Natural cement

In the present invention, among the different types of cements of the state of the art, natural cement has been selected in order to provide a mortar that is more respectful with the environment, that is, an ECO mortar.

Natural Cement is produced by calcining a single clayey limestone of natural origin, with a clay content between 22% and 35%, at low temperatures (between 800 and 1200 ° C) compared to the clinkerization of cement Portland (1400 ° C).

After cooking, it is crushed to a fine powder. Consequently, natural cement comprises CaCO ³ and SiO ² as main mineral components.

Natural cement is totally different in composition and hardening compared to air lime because the latter mainly comprises (> 80%) Ca (OH ^{) 2} which, by reaction with the ^{ambient CO 2} , forms CaCO ³ . The hardening mechanism of aerial lime is produced by carbonation, while that of natural cement hardens by formation of a calcium silicate.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the natural cement is Majorcan cement.

Mallorcan cement, commonly known as common or ordinary cement, is made mostly from limestone rock and clay as raw materials, but at a firing temperature lower than that used to make Portland cement, so it requires much less thermal energy for its manufacture. Hence, it is considered ecological cement.

Aggregates

There are different types of aggregates in the state of the art. Natural aggregates, artificial aggregates and recycled aggregates are known. Within the natural aggregates are granular aggregates and crushing aggregates, the former are mainly aggregates of a siliceous nature and the latter are mainly limestone in nature.

Crushing aggregates

In the present invention, among the different types of aggregates of the state of the art, aggregates of a limestone nature have been selected.

In the present invention, the crushing aggregate is made up of particles with an average size of less than 4mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crushing aggregate is minced.

The picadís is an arid of limestone nature that also presents high porosity. It is an aggregate from the crushing of marés stones. The marés is a rock of biological origin that is formed by the debris of the marine skeletons that were transported to the dune systems, undergoing a consolidation due to the cementation of the particles, produced by different mechanisms. Due to this, scientifically it can be found as Biocalcarenite, Eolianite, Sedimentary, Detritic, among others. The basic composition of marés is calcium carbonate, reaching percentages greater than 90%. As it is a very porous stone, it can be included in very soft and soft limestones.

Crushed brick

In the present invention, the brick used is common brick, commercially available and within the reach of any person skilled in the art. In general, the brick has a porosity of 18% (± 3).

In the present invention, the crushed brick is made up of particles with an average size of less than 4mm.

The brick can be selected between brick directly obtained from the factory or brick obtained from the factory that has suffered some breakage during its manufacture or that simply does not pass the quality control for any reason.

Comminuted indicates particles of average size less than 4 mm, in which at least two different populations or fractions of average particle size less than 4 mm coexist.

In one embodiment, the density of the crushed brick assembly is between 1.05 g / cm3 and 1.15 g / cm3.

A multimodal particle size distribution improves the accommodation of the crushed brick particles in the mortar, increasing the amount by weight of brick in the mortar. Multimodal indicates variable. Therefore, by multimodal particle size is meant variable granulometry. Multimodal particle size distribution indicates the coexistence of at least two different mean particle size ranges.

In the present invention, the multimodal particle size distribution includes medium size particles in at least two of the following ranges:

o <4 mm - 2 mm, coarse sand,

o <2mm - 0.5mm, medium sand,

o <0.5mm - 0.125mm, fine sand, and

or <0.063 mm, fine.

In one embodiment, the at least two ranges are selected between coarse sand and medium sand, or between medium sand and fine sand. Although this selection is preferable, a combination of ranges that includes coarse sand and fine sand, or a combination of ranges that includes coarse sand, medium sand, and fine and / or fine sand is within the scope of the present invention.

With a multimodal particle size distribution a substantially steep particle size curve is obtained which indicates a significant gradation of particle size as opposed to a substantially vertical curve which would indicate reduced variability in particle sizes.

A greater definition of the variable granulometry in the set of particles resulting from crushing brick can be found in the coefficient of uniformity, Cu.

The uniformity coefficient is defined as the ratio between the diameter through which 60% of the material passes and the diameter through which 10% of the material passes: Cu = Da ⁰ / D i ⁰ . If the uniformity coefficient is less than 4 the granulometry is uniform, if it is between 4 and 20 the soil is not uniform and if it is greater than 20 it is a well graded soil.

In one embodiment, the set of brick crushing particles has a uniformity coefficient Cu = D ⁶⁰ / D ¹⁰ , where Cu> 4.

In a preferable embodiment, the uniformity coefficient has a value in the range 4 <Cu <20.

The diameter value through which 60% of the material passes and the diameter value through which 10% of the material passes are taken from sieving with sieves: 4mm, 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm , 0.125mm and 0.063mm.

In one embodiment, D ⁶⁰ is a value selected between 1 mm and 0.5 mm, and D ¹⁰ is a value selected between 0.125 mm and 0.063 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, D ⁶⁰ is 0.5 mm, and D ¹⁰ is 0.125 mm. D ⁶⁰ = 0.5mm indicates that 60% of the brick crushed particles pass the 0.5mm sieve. D ¹⁰ = 0.125 mm indicates that 10% of the brick crushed particles pass the 0.125 mm sieve. In this case Cu = 4.

In another preferred embodiment, D ⁶⁰ is 1 mm, and D ¹⁰ is 0.063 mm. D ⁶⁰ = 1 mm indicates that 60% of the brick crushed particles pass the 1 mm sieve. D ¹⁰ = 0.063 mm indicates that 10% of the brick crushed particles pass the 0.063 mm sieve. In this case Cu = 15.8.

In one embodiment, the ceramic mortar defined according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises a binder: aggregate weight ratio comprised between 1: 1 and 1: 3, preferably 1: 2, the aggregates being the sum of aggregates of crushed and crushed brick.

In one embodiment, the crushing aggregate: crushed brick weight ratio is between 1: 1 and 1: 3, preferably 1: 2.

Preferably, the ceramic mortar defined according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises a weight ratio between the binder components: crushing aggregate: crushed brick of 2: 2: 3.

The present invention refers to a ceramic mortar where the aggregate mixture comprises a crushed brick concentration equal to or greater than the crushing aggregate concentration.

The relationships expressed here between binder, crushed aggregate and crushed brick are the same when the binder is natural cement or Majorcan cement unless otherwise specified. The relationships expressed here between binder, crushing aggregate and crushed brick are the same when the crushing aggregate is chopped unless otherwise specified.

Ceramic mortar can be obtained dry.

To measure the hygroscopic improvement of the ceramic mortar of the invention, the sum of crushing aggregate and crushed brick can be considered the total value of aggregates in the binder set: aggregates.

Surprisingly, the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the present invention increases the hygroscopic absorption capacity by 280%, that is, 3.8 times higher than that of a mortar based on Portland cement and chopped, measured at a ratio of conglomerating volume: minced 1: 2. For ceramic mortar, the binder: chopped: crushed brick weight ratio is 2: 2: 3.

Likewise, the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the present invention unexpectedly increases the hygroscopic absorption capacity by 70%, that is, 1.7 times higher than that of a mortar based on Portland cement and chopped, measured at a binder volume ratio: aggregates of 2: 7. For ceramic mortar, the binder: chopped: crushed brick weight ratio is 2: 2: 3.

Surprisingly, the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the present invention increases the water adsorption capacity by 11.2 times compared to a mortar based on Portland cement and chopped, measured at a ratio of binder volume: chopped of 1: 2. For ceramic mortar, the binder: chopped: crushed brick weight ratio is 2: 2: 3.

Likewise, the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the present invention unexpectedly increases the water adsorption capacity by 1.7 times compared to a mortar based on Portland cement and chopped, measured at a binder volume ratio: chopped of 2: 7. For ceramic mortar, the binder weight ratio: you chop: brick is not crushed is 2: 2: 3.

Advantageously, the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the present invention is also compatible with the ecological concept from the point of view of generating a less harmful residue in the future for the soil and subsoil, in addition to using starting materials that have required less energy consumption in their manufacture. The energy consumption necessary to obtain natural cement or Mallorcan cement (between 800 and 1200 ° C) is of special attention compared to the energy consumption required for Portland cement (1400 ° C).

The present invention provides, in a second aspect, the use of the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect as a facing mortar as well as a filler mortar in the construction sector.

In general, the ceramic mortar defined in the present invention can be applied as a rendering mortar.

The ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the invention has high hygroscopicity and is useful for manufacturing hygroscopic mortar-based materials such as, for example, cladding pieces, pieces set with molds and draining pavements, among others.

Brief description of the figures

Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the accommodation of crushed brick particles with variable geometry.

Figure 2 is an image of a piece with dimensions 4x14x16cm made with the ceramic mortar defined in the first aspect of the invention.

Figure 3 is a detail of a 4x4x16cm ceramic mortar specimen, prepared to carry out flexural and compression tests.

Detailed description of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the ability of a mortar to regulate the humidity inside the building compared to a Portland cement mortar or standard lime mortar.

The strategy of the present invention is based on the mixture of common or natural cement as a binder, and chopped and crushed brick as aggregates.

The crushed brick content in mortar improves the ability to regulate humidity inside a building. In addition, the chemical composition, both of the binder and of both aggregates, is compatible with the ecological concept from the point of view of generating a less harmful waste in the future for the soil and subsoil.

The granulometry of the aggregates was determined by using sieves of the basic series according to the EHE-08 standard, obtaining the following results:

Table 1.1. Crushed brick granulometry

Continuous particle size distribution is preferred, that is, in which mean particle sizes of each sieve 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm, 0.125mm and 0.063mm coexist.

In a different embodiment, the particle size distribution did not contain fines, so mean particle sizes coexist within the mean size ranges of coarse sand and medium sand. In particular, crushed brick was obtained with the following granulometry: Table 1.2. Crushed brick granulometry

In both embodiments, mincemeats with the following granulometry were used.

Table 1.3. Picadís granulometry

Both the picadís and the crushed brick contain particles with an average size of less than 4mm.

The cement used is Mallorcan cement manufactured by "Sa Cimentera S.A." in Campos (Mallorca).

The optimal dosage in total volume is 3: 2: 4 (Mallorcan cement: picadís: crushed brick), while converted to optimal dosage in weight is 2: 2: 3.

Table 2. Dosage

Although a 3: 2: 4 dosage by volume of Majorcan cement set: picadís: crushed brick is preferred, this dosage includes a variation in each component of ± 25%, that is, Mallorcan cement can have a value within the range 2.25-3.75, picadís can have a value within the range 1.5-2.5 and crushed brick can have a value within the range. range 3-5.

Mechanical properties

To determine the mechanical compressive strength of the mortar, specimens of 40x40x160 mm3 were prepared to carry out standardized tests. According to the results, the ceramic mortar complies with the regulations to be used as a plaster mortar by presenting a mechanical resistance to compression after 28 days of 3.5 MPa (plaster mortar> 2.5 MPa).

Table 3: Mechanical resistance to compression

A plaster mortar is used to cover the walls that cannot be seen, both indoors and outdoors.

In one embodiment, the preparation of the ceramic mortar is carried out dry by means of the following steps:

- mixing dry Majorcan cement with the aggregates of picadís and crushed brick defined in the first aspect of the present invention; and - kneading the mixture to obtain a substantially homogeneous dry mixture.

The amount of water to add is that necessary to obtain a level of workability and plastic consistency.

Absorption of ambient humidity

It should be noted that this mortar uses an aggregate of high porosity that gives the mortar a very high specific surface. In addition, due to its chemical composition, this aggregate has a high affinity for environmental humidity.

The capacity of the mortar to absorb water from ambient humidity has been Determined by introducing the samples in a hermetically sealed box in which an ambient humidity of 99.9% is generated. The difference in mass of the dry sample and the wet sample will correspond to the mass of water absorbed. This measurement, which is detailed for all the samples studied in the following table, is expressed in grams of water for each kilogram of dry mortar. As has been determined experimentally under conditions of 99.9% of environmental humidity at 15 days, once the state of saturation has been reached (equilibrium conditions), the capacity to absorb environmental humidity is:

Table 4. Absorption of environmental humidity.

The high porosity of crushed brick aggregate gives a large specific surface to the aggregate, and consequently also to the mortar. This high surface area represents a high surface area available for adsorption of ambient moisture.

To establish the comparison, the water absorption capacity of mortars made with Portland cement CEM II / A-P 42.5 R and the same fine mince aggregate used in ceramic mortar was determined. Three different dosages have been studied. The 1: 2 dosage would be the same proportion of cement and the sum of aggregates as that of ceramic mortar (3 Majorcan cement: 2 4 of total aggregate, that is, 2 of picadís and 4 of crushed brick). The dosage of cement: aggregates 2: 7 (equivalent to 1: 3.5) would be a common mix in plaster mortars. As can be seen, the water absorption capacity of ceramic mortar is much higher than the usual cement mortars that are made up of portland cement and mincemeat. The calculation of the proportion or ratio, taking as a reference the amount of water absorbed by the ceramic mortar, indicates that the Portland mortar 1: 2 absorbs 26%, or what is the same, the ceramic mortar absorbs 3.8 times more water per kilogram of mortar than Portland 1: 2. Compared with the most common mortars such as 2: 7 mortar by mass, the ratio is 0.58, that is, it absorbs 58% compared to ceramic mortar. In other words, ceramic mortar absorbs 1.7 times more humidity than a 2: 7 Portland cement mortar.

Water absorption with samples submerged in water

The water absorption has been determined by immersing the samples in water for 4 hours, and determining the difference in weight before (dry) and after absorbing water (saturated with water). This difference corresponds to the mass of water absorbed, expressed in grams of water per kilogram of mortar. As indicated in Table 5, the mass of water absorbed by the Portland mortar 1: 2 is 8.5% (11.8 times less) than the ceramic mortar. Comparing with 2: 7 Portland mortar, it absorbs 45% (2.2 times less) than ceramic mortar.

Knowing the density of water (1 g / cm3), the relationship between the mass of water absorbed in the pores and their volume is established. Knowing also the volume of the sample, the porosity fraction (expressed in%) can be determined. As can be seen in the data in Table 5, the porosity of the ceramic mortar (47%) is significantly higher than the two cement mortars (24% and 37%, respectively).

Advantageously, the use of crushed brick as aggregate in Mallorcan cement mortars leads to a lightening of the material, that is, to a lower relative density compared to cement mortars with all the aggregate of picadís. Thus, the density of the ceramic mortar is 1.5 g / cm3, compared to the reference mortars whose densities are 2.2 and 1.8 g / cm3, respectively (see table 5).

Table 5. Water absorption.

In view of the description included above and the tests performed shown in the detailed description of the invention section, it can be stated that the ceramic mortar of the present invention has at least one of the following characteristics and advantages with respect to the state of the art. technique:

- relative density of the ceramic mortar of 1.5 g / cm3;

- relative density measured in g / cm3 lower than that of a Portland mortar 1: 2 (2.2 g / cm3);

- relative density measured in g / cm3 lower than that of a Portland mortar 2: 7 (1.8 g / cm3);

- porosity of the ceramic mortar 47%;

- Porosity of the ceramic mortar superior to that of a Portland 1: 2 (24%) and Portland 2: 7 (37%) mortar;

- mechanical resistance to compression after 28 days of the ceramic mortar of 3.5 MPa; - absorption of environmental humidity in the ceramic mortar of 46.4% measured by weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of ceramic mortar;

- superior absorption of environmental humidity measured in weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of mortar with respect to that of Portland mortar 1: 2;

- superior absorption of environmental humidity measured in weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of mortar with respect to that of Portland mortar 2: 7;

- 100% water adsorption in the ceramic mortar measured by weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of ceramic mortar;

- higher adsorption of water measured in weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of mortar with respect to that of Portland mortar 1: 2 (8.5%);

- higher adsorption of water measured in weight of H ² O (g) / Kg of mortar with respect to that of Portland mortar 2: 7 (45%);

Claims (16)

1. Ceramic mortar comprising binder and aggregates, where the binder is natural cement, characterized by the fact that the aggregates have an average particle size of less than 4 mm and include a mixture of crushing aggregates and crushed brick, where the brick Crushed has a multimodal particle size distribution, so that an accommodation of some particles with others takes place as a function of their different sizes in the same mortar. 2. Ceramic mortar according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate mixture has a concentration by weight of crushed brick equal to or greater than that of crushing aggregate. 3. Ceramic mortar according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution includes medium-size particles in at least two of the following ranges: o <4 mm - 2 mm, coarse sand, o <2mm - 0.5mm, medium sand, or <0.5mm -0.125mm, fine sand, and or <0.063 mm, fine. 4. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least two ranges are selected from coarse sand and medium sand, or medium sand and fine sand. 5. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution has a uniformity coefficient: Cu = D ⁶⁰ / D ¹⁰ S ⁴ , D ⁶⁰ indicates the diameter for which 60% of the particles pass through that sieve, D ¹⁰ indicates the diameter for which 10% of the particles pass through that sieve. 6. Ceramic mortar according to claim 5, wherein the coefficient of uniformity has a value between 4 and 20, that is, 4 <Cu <20. 7. Ceramic mortar according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein D ⁶⁰ is between 1 mm and 0.5 mm, and D ¹⁰ is between 0.125 mm and 0.063 mm. 8. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, where the binder: aggregates are in a weight ratio between 1: 1 and 1: 3, the aggregates being the sum of crushing aggregates and crushed brick. 9. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein crushing aggregate: crushed brick is in a weight ratio of between 1: 1 and 1: 3. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein binder: crushing aggregate: crushed brick are in a weight ratio of 2: 2: 3. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the crushing aggregate is minced. 12. Ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the natural cement is Mallorcan cement. 13. Use of the ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims as a coating mortar in the construction sector. 14. Use of the ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims as a filler mortar in the construction sector. 15. Use of the ceramic mortar according to any one of the preceding claims in draining floors. 16. Use of the ceramic mortar according to any one of the claims in cladding pieces.