ES1245259U - Hemp Oil Cannabinoid Emulsions (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Hemp Oil Cannabinoid Emulsions (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES1245259U ES1245259U ES201900242U ES201900242U ES1245259U ES 1245259 U ES1245259 U ES 1245259U ES 201900242 U ES201900242 U ES 201900242U ES 201900242 U ES201900242 U ES 201900242U ES 1245259 U ES1245259 U ES 1245259U
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fatty acids
- tween
- micro
- cannabinoids
- Prior art date
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Links
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Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Emulsiones de los cannabinoides del aceite de cáñamoHemp oil cannabinoid emulsions
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICATECHNICAL SECTOR
La invención se refiere a la producción de micro y nanoemulsiones del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides, principalmente cannabidiol (CBD), que utiliza menor cantidad de surfactantes que los sistemas tradicionales, demandado por los consumidores y, además, utiliza surfactantes naturales o ecológicos. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se disminuye el peso molecular de los lípidos del aceite (triacilgliceroles) con métodos enzimáticos o químicos. Los componentes resultantes di- y monoglicéridos, ácidos grasos y glicerol o etil o metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos o combinación de ellos, ayudan a emulsionar los cannabinoides. En estas condiciones, una pequeña adicción de surfactante, cosurfactante, comparativamente a los métodos actuales, y energía, producen micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides. El proceso es bioquímico y químico, y la aplicación se encuadra en el sector de la alimentación, complementos y suplementos alimenticios, cosmética y medicina.The invention relates to the production of micro and nanoemulsions from hemp oil that contains cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol (CBD), which uses fewer amounts of surfactants than traditional systems, demanded by consumers and, in addition, uses natural or ecological surfactants. To achieve this goal, the molecular weight of the oil's lipids (triacylglycerols) is decreased with enzymatic or chemical methods. The resulting components di- and monoglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol or ethyl or methyl esters of the fatty acids or combination thereof, help to emulsify the cannabinoids. Under these conditions, a small addition of surfactant, cosurfactant, comparatively to current methods, and energy, produces micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids. The process is biochemical and chemical, and the application is framed in the sector of food, food supplements and supplements, cosmetics and medicine.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La demanda mundial de cannabinoides está aumentando. La mayor parte de los cannabinoides de origen natural provienen del aceite de cáñamo. El cáñamo se refiere a tres especies: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica y Cannabis ruderalis. Los seres humanos han cultivado y consumido cannabis durante miles de años, desde los antiguos romanos y los griegos hasta Oriente Medio, África, China e India.Global demand for cannabinoids is increasing. Most of the naturally derived cannabinoids come from hemp oil. Hemp refers to three species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. Humans have cultivated and consumed cannabis for thousands of years, from the ancient Romans and Greeks to the Middle East, Africa, China, and India.
Existen más de 100 cannabinoides procedentes del cáñamo. Los más conocidos son el cannabidiol no psicoactivo (CBD) y el psicoactivo tetrahidrocannabinol (THC).There are more than 100 cannabinoids from hemp. The best known are non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and the psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Muchos ensayos clínicos informan de los beneficios para la salud de los cannabinoides y, concretamente, del cannabidiol (CBD).Many clinical trials report the health benefits of cannabinoids, and specifically cannabidiol (CBD).
En general, un primer paso para concentrar los cannabinoides del cáñamo es extraer el aceite de las hojas o los tricomas. Se utilizan diferentes metodologías, una de ellas es el tratamiento por presión y, posteriormente, se concentran con disolventes poco polares o con CO2 supercrítico. Los cannabinoides son más solubles en los líquidos no polares. Esta característica facilita que se puedan utilizar disolventes eficaces como el hexano y el metanol para disolverlos, ya que polar disuelve a su polar.In general, a first step in concentrating hemp cannabinoids is to extract the oil from the leaves or trichomes. Different methodologies are used, one of them is the treatment by pressure and, later, they are concentrated with little polar solvents or with supercritical CO 2 . Cannabinoids are more soluble in nonpolar fluids. This feature makes it easy to use effective solvents like hexane and methanol to dissolve them, since polar dissolves its polar.
Una extracción tradicional es utilizar un disolvente como el hexano que extrae los cannabinoides, pero también otras moléculas de semejante polaridad y, posteriormente, retirar el hexano con un rotavapor. El producto final es un aceite generalmente sólido a temperatura ambiente debido a la presencia de lípidos de alta masa molecular, generalmente ceras. Algunos de estos lípidos se pueden separar del resto del aceite mediante ciclos de congelación y descongelación, produciendo un aceite que es líquido a temperatura ambiente. Esta metodología permite obtener un aceite con una concentración desde el 2% hasta el 60% de cannabinoides, preferentemente desde el 20% hasta el 50%, dependiendo del proceso de concentración o purificación parcial. Posteriormente se pueden utilizar métodos cromatográficos para concentrar los cannabinoides separándolos del resto de los componentes presentes en el aceite. Los métodos cromatográficos permiten obtener los cannabinoides con un grado de pureza superior al 95%, aun cuando consumen tiempo y tienen un coste elevado.A traditional extraction is to use a solvent such as hexane that extracts the cannabinoids, but also other molecules of similar polarity, and then remove the hexane with a rotary evaporator. The final product is a generally solid oil at room temperature due to the presence of high molecular mass lipids, generally waxes. Some of these lipids can be separated from the rest of the oil by freezing and thawing cycles, producing an oil that is liquid at room temperature. This methodology allows obtaining an oil with a concentration from 2% to 60% of cannabinoids, preferably from 20% to 50%, depending on the concentration or partial purification process. Subsequently, chromatographic methods can be used to concentrate the cannabinoids, separating them from the rest of the components present in the oil. Chromatographic methods allow cannabinoids to be obtained with a purity degree greater than 95%, even when they are time consuming and have a high cost.
Los cannabinoides que contiene el aceite de cáñamo, concretamente el cannabidiol (CBD) son poco polares y son insolubles en agua. Esta característica dificulta la absorción intestinal.The cannabinoids contained in hemp oil, specifically cannabidiol (CBD), are poorly polar and insoluble in water. This characteristic makes intestinal absorption difficult.
Para utilizar con mayor eficacia los cannabinoides en alimentos, bebidas, complementos o suplementos alimenticios, cosmética o en medicina, es necesario microcapsular, nanocapsular o hacer micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides, entre otras metodologías y, siempre con un tamaño menor de 55 micrómetros para que puedan ser absorbidos por las vellosidades intestinales.To use cannabinoids more effectively in food, beverages, food supplements or supplements, cosmetics or medicine, it is necessary to microcapsulate, nanocapsulate or make micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids, among other methodologies and, always with a size smaller than 55 micrometers for that can be absorbed by the intestinal villi.
Para producir micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides que contiene el aceite de cáñamo, es necesario micro y nanoemulsionar el total del aceite que contiene mayoritariamente los triglicéridos de los ácidos grasos. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se necesita una concentración elevada de surfactantes no iónicos generalmente en una relación de aceite / surfactante de 1:9 para que la micro y nanoemulsión sea translúcida o transparente cuando se disuelve en agua, ya que no solo se micro y nanoemulsionan los cannabinoides sino que también, es necesario micro y nanoemulsionar los triglicéridos. Si transformamos inicialmente los triglicéridos del aceite de cáñamo a di- y monoglicéridos de ácidos grasos, ácidos grasos sencillos y glicerol, entonces se necesitará utilizar una concentración mucho menor de surfactantes para micro y nanoemulsionar los cannabinoides ya que los di- y monoglicéridos, algunos ácidos grasos y el glicerol no solo se disuelven en agua porque son más polares sino que también actúan como surfactantes y cosurfactantes en el caso del glicerol.To produce micro and nanoemulsions of the cannabinoids that hemp oil contains, it is necessary to micro and nanoemulsify the total oil that contains the majority of triglycerides of fatty acids. To achieve this goal, a high concentration of nonionic surfactants generally in an oil / surfactant ratio of 1: 9 is needed for the micro and nanoemulsion to be translucent or transparent when dissolved in water, as they not only micro and nanoemulsify cannabinoids but also, it is necessary to micro and nanoemulsify triglycerides. If we initially transform triglycerides from hemp oil to di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids, simple fatty acids and glycerol, then a much lower concentration of surfactants will be needed to micro and nanoemulsify cannabinoids since di- and monoglycerides, some acids Fatty and glycerol not only dissolve in water because they are more polar but also act as surfactants and cosurfactants in the case of glycerol.
Los aceites de cáñamo de diferente procedencia contienen altos niveles de ácido linoleico desde el 56% hasta el 60%, seguidos de los ácidos a-linolénico desde el 16% hasta el 20%, oleico desde el 10% hasta el 15%, palmítico desde el 5% hasta el 9%, esteárico desde el 2% hasta el 3%, Y-linolénico desde el 0,6% hasta el 2%, entre otros componentes. La mayoría de estos ácidos grasos están esterificados con glicerol formando triglicéridos. También pueden obtener cannabinoides, generalmente entre el 20% y el 50. Estos ácidos grasos esterificados del aceite de cáñamo son poco polares, y no se disuelven en agua. Para micro y nanoemulsionarlos junto con los cannabinoides, se necesita utilizar elevadas concentraciones de surfactantes y cosurfactantes.Hemp oils from different sources contain high levels of linoleic acid from 56% to 60%, followed by α-linolenic acids from 16% to 20%, oleic acid from 10% to 15%, palmitic from 5% to 9%, stearic from 2% to 3%, Y-linolenic from 0.6% to 2%, among other components. Most of these fatty acids are esterified with glycerol forming triglycerides. They can also get cannabinoids, usually between 20% and 50%. These esterified fatty acids from hemp oil are low polar, and do not dissolve in water. To micro and nanoemulsify them together with cannabinoids, it is necessary to use high concentrations of surfactants and cosurfactants.
Es conocido que los lípidos de mayor masa molecular necesitan una concentración mayor de surfactantes para producir micro y nanoemulsiones, que los lípidos de menor masa molecular.It is known that lipids of higher molecular mass require a higher concentration of surfactants to produce micro and nanoemulsions, than lipids of lower molecular mass.
Si previamente se transforman los lípidos de mayor masa molecular del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabidioides en lípidos de menor masa molecular mediante una transesterificación, se necesitará menor concentración de surfactantes y cosurfactantes para producir las micro y nanoemulsiones. Los lípidos de mayor masa molecular del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides son mayoritariamente los triglicéridos de los ácidos grasos. Los triglicéridos de los ácidos grasos se pueden transformar en lípidos de menor masa molecular como son los di- y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos y hasta ácidos grasos y glicerol. Esta transformación se denomina transesterificación y se puede realizar enzimáticamente con las lipasas, o químicamente con catalizadores como NaOH, KOH o H2SO4 , óxidos metálicos o carbonatos. De los anteriores procesos la catálisis enzimática se caracteriza porque los productos finales son más puros, no hay formación de jabón y no se emplean catalizadores químicos que están mal vistos por los consumidores. Las lipasas son triacilglicerol acilhidrolasas (E.C. 3.1.1.3) que pueden hidrolizar el enlace éster de diferentes sustratos. Pueden catalizar reacciones de hidrólisis y síntesis (esterificación y transesterificación). En la naturaleza catalizan la hidrólisis de los enlaces ésteres de tri-, di- y monoglicéridos para producir ácidos grasos y glicerol. Las lipasas tienen especificidad por el sustrato, el pH, tienen actividad en presencia de agua y solventes orgánicos, son temperatura-dependientes e interactúan con surfactantes y cosurfactantes. En la transesterificación, las lipasas se utilizan en forma libre o inmovilizada. En la alcoholisis de aceites, la actividad también depende de la relación molar alcohol:aceite (generalmente de 2:1 hasta 18:1), tipo de alcohol (generalmente etanol o metanol), intensidad del mezclado (generalmente entre 100 y 800 rpm), humedad (generalmente desde el 05 hasta el 30% de agua), tipo de lipasa y la concentración de lipasa (generalmente entre 50 y 4.000 UI/g).If the higher molecular mass lipids in hemp oil containing cannabidioides are previously transformed into lower molecular mass lipids by transesterification, a lower concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants will be required to produce the micro and nanoemulsions. The lipids with the highest molecular mass in hemp oil that contains cannabinoids are mainly triglycerides of fatty acids. The triglycerides of fatty acids can be transformed into lipids of lower molecular mass such as di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids and even fatty acids and glycerol. This transformation is called transesterification and can be carried out enzymatically with lipases, or chemically with catalysts such as NaOH, KOH or H 2 SO 4 , metal oxides or carbonates. Of the previous processes, enzymatic catalysis is characterized in that the final products are purer, there is no soap formation and chemical catalysts that are frowned upon by consumers are not used. Lipases are triacylglycerol acylhydrolases (EC 3.1.1.3) that They can hydrolyze the ester bond of different substrates. They can catalyze hydrolysis and synthesis reactions (esterification and transesterification). In nature they catalyze the hydrolysis of the tri-, di-, and monoglyceride ester linkages to produce fatty acids and glycerol. Lipases have substrate specificity, pH, have activity in the presence of water and organic solvents, are temperature-dependent, and interact with surfactants and cosurfactants. In transesterification, lipases are used either freely or immobilized. In the alcoholysis of oils, the activity also depends on the alcohol: oil molar ratio (generally from 2: 1 to 18: 1), type of alcohol (generally ethanol or methanol), intensity of mixing (generally between 100 and 800 rpm) , humidity (generally from 05 to 30% of water), type of lipase and the concentration of lipase (generally between 50 and 4,000 IU / g).
Es conocido que los mono y diglicéridos de los ácidos grasos tienen capacidad emulsionante y son los emulsionantes más utilizados en alimentación. Esta particular característica disminuye la concentración necesaria de los surfactantes y cosurfactantes para producir las micro y nanoemulsiones. Las sales sódicas o potásicas de los ácidos grasos no solo son el componente fundamental de los jabones clásicos solubles en agua sino que también se utilizan en la industria alimentaria para obtener emulsiones de grasas en agua, preferiblemente las mezclas de sales de varios mono y diglicéridos de ácidos grasos diferentes.It is known that the mono and diglycerides of fatty acids have emulsifying capacity and are the most widely used emulsifiers in food. This particular characteristic decreases the necessary concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants to produce micro and nanoemulsions. Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids are not only the fundamental component of classic water-soluble soaps, but are also used in the food industry to obtain emulsions of fats in water, preferably mixtures of salts of various mono and diglycerides of different fatty acids.
Otra forma de disminuir la masa molecular de los lípidos es transformar los triglicéridos en ésteres etílicos o metílicos de los ácidos grasos. Los ésteres etílicos o metílicos de los ácidos grasos se producen por etilación o metilación química y también tienen cierta capacidad emulsionante. Esta característica disminuye la concentración necesaria de los surfactantes y cosurfactantes para producir micro y nanoemulsiones.Another way to decrease the molecular mass of lipids is to transform triglycerides into ethyl or methyl esters of fatty acids. Ethyl or methyl esters of fatty acids are produced by ethylation or chemical methylation and also have some emulsifying capacity. This characteristic decreases the necessary concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants to produce micro and nanoemulsions.
Es conocido que la realización de una micro y nanoemulsión de un aceite en agua, que sea traslúcida o transparente, necesita de una concentración elevada de surfactante. Por ejemplo, para realizar una dispersión transparente de los fitocannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo en agua, se necesita una relación de peso de fitocannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo a emulgente no iónico de 1:5 a 1:10.000 (Water-soluble phytocannabinoid formulations. Número de patente US9907823). It is known that the realization of a micro and nanoemulsion of an oil in water, which is translucent or transparent, requires a high concentration of surfactant. For example, to make a clear dispersion of the phytocannabinoids from hemp oil in water, a weight ratio of phytocannabinoids from hemp oil to nonionic emulsifier of 1: 5 to 1: 10,000 (Water-soluble phytocannabinoid formulations. patent US9907823).
Por otra parte, se produce la lipolisis del aceite de cáñamo cuando se mezclan lipasas con el aceite. En algunos procedimientos como en la patente "Process for producing partial glyceride US 6,337,414”, se describe un proceso de glicerolisis de aceite o grasa utilizando una lipasa en presencia de agua, pero no utiliza una mezcla del aceite con el surfactante y la lipasa disueltos en agua, como se realiza en la presente invención. El surfactante incrementa la superficie de contacto de la lipasa con el aceite y mejora la eficacia de la glicerolisis. Además, no reivindica su uso para el aceite de cáñamo.Moreover, lipolysis of hemp oil occurs when lipases are mixed with the oil. In some procedures such as the patent "Process for producing partial glyceride US 6,337,414", a process of glycerolysis of oil or fat is described using a lipase in the presence of water, but does not use a mixture of the oil with the surfactant and lipase dissolved in water, as performed in the present invention The surfactant increases the contact surface of lipase with oil and improves the efficiency of glycerolysis In addition, it does not claim its use for hemp oil.
La patente de EE.UU "Nanoemulsion compositions and methods of use thereof” (Número US7,118,688) utiliza una composición de nanoemulsión que comprende una proteína o un complejo de fragmento de proteína y en donde la nanoemulsión contiene aceite de cáñamo, y al menos un fosfolípido seleccionado de un grupo que consiste en fosfatidilserina con una concentración igual o superior al 40% además, utiliza le fosfatidilserina porque desempeña un papel crítico en el mantenimiento del rendimiento mental óptimo y además, la formulación preferida es la inclusión de fosfolípidos ricos en fosfatidilserina en la fase oleosa después de la emulsificación. En la presente invención también se utiliza aceite de cáñamo, pero a diferencia de la patente anterior mencionada, utiliza la fosfatidilserina como un emulsificante y además a una concentración menor del 40%.The US patent "Nanoemulsion compositions and methods of use thereof" (US7,118,688) uses a nanoemulsion composition comprising a protein or a protein fragment complex and wherein the nanoemulsion contains hemp oil, and at least a phospholipid selected from a group consisting of phosphatidylserine with a concentration equal to or greater than 40%, it also uses phosphatidylserine because it plays a critical role in maintaining optimal mental performance and, in addition, the preferred formulation is the inclusion of phospholipids rich in phosphatidylserine in the oil phase after emulsification Hemp oil is also used in the present invention, but unlike the aforementioned patent above, it uses phosphatidylserine as an emulsifier and also at a concentration of less than 40%.
La solicitud de patente "Pre-spray emulsions and powders containing non-polar compounds” Número: PCT/US2015/051097, también utiliza fosfatidilserina, pero a una concentración del 40% o superior. En la presente invención se utiliza fosfatidilserina a una concentración menor del 40%.The patent application "Pre-spray emulsions and powders containing non-polar compounds" Number: PCT / US2015 / 051097, also uses phosphatidylserine, but at a concentration of 40% or higher. Phosphatidylserine is used in the present invention at a lower concentration 40%.
La patente "Cochleates made with soy phosphatidylserine” N°: US9,775,907 utiliza fofatidilserina de soja que tiene un 40% a 74% de pureza y un catión multivalente. En la presente invención se utiliza fosfatidilserina con una pureza menor del 40% y no se utilizan cationes multivalentes. The "Cochleates made with soy phosphatidylserine" patent No. US9,775,907 uses soy phosphatidylserine having 40% to 74% purity and a multivalent cation. Phosphatidylserine with a purity of less than 40% is used in the present invention and does not multivalent cations are used.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Los términos de la presente invención se utilizan con los siguientes significados:The terms of the present invention are used with the following meanings:
"Aceite de cáñamo” se refiere al aceite extraído del cáñamo, principalmente de los tricomas y preferentemente sin ceras en donde los cannabinoides pueden estar presentes desde el 5% hasta el 50%. En algunos ejemplos el aceite de cáñamo puede contener un 20% de cannabidiol."Hemp oil" refers to oil extracted from hemp, mainly from trichomes and preferably without waxes where cannabinoids can be present from 5% to 50%. In some examples, hemp oil may contain 20% of cannabidiol.
"Cáñamo” o cáñamo industrial es el nombre que reciben las variedades de la planta Cannabis: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica y Cannabis ruderalis. Se llama «cáñamo industrial» a las variedades de Cannabis destinadas al uso industrial y alimentario. El cáñamo contiene cannabinoides entre otros muchos componentes. El cannabidiol, también conocido como CBD es uno de los dos componentes cannabinoides más importantes de la planta, que se encuentra en proporciones variables dependiendo de la cepa."Hemp" or industrial hemp is the name given to the varieties of the Cannabis plant: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. "Industrial hemp" refers to Cannabis varieties intended for industrial and food use. Hemp contains cannabinoids among Many other components Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, is one of the two most important cannabinoid components in the plant, found in varying proportions depending on the strain.
"Cannabionoides” son moléculas altamente lipofílicas con niveles muy bajos de solubilidad acuosa (2-15 gg / mL). Son susceptibles de degradación, especialmente en solución, a través de la acción de la luz y la temperatura, así como a través de la autooxidación. Se encuentra en las especies de Cannabis. Hay más de 100 cannabinoides procedentes del cáñamo. Los más conocidos son el cannabidiol no psicoactivo (CBD) y el psicoactivo tetrahidrocannabinol (THC). Tienen un amplio rango de aplicaciones para la salud humana y animal."Cannabionoides” are highly lipophilic molecules with very low levels of aqueous solubility (2-15 gg / mL). They are susceptible to degradation, especially in solution, through the action of light and temperature, as well as through the autoxidation. Found in Cannabis species. There are more than 100 cannabinoids from hemp. The best known are non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and the psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). They have a wide range of applications for human and animal health .
"Cannabidiol (CBD)” es un compuesto hidrofóbico. Tiene una solubilidad en agua de 0.0126 mg/mL. La baja solubilidad limita su uso oral. Para incrementar su uso oral es necesario realizar dispersiones de cannabidiol en agua de tamaño menor de 55 micrómetros que es el tamaño máximo adecuado para que sea absorbido por las vellosidades intestinales."Cannabidiol (CBD)” is a hydrophobic compound. It has a solubility in water of 0.0126 mg / mL. The low solubility limits its oral use. To increase its oral use, it is necessary to make dispersions of cannabidiol in water of less than 55 microns in size. it is the maximum size suitable for absorption by the intestinal villi.
"Claro o transparente" hace referencia a una s olución acuosa que contiene el compuesto lipofílico en una solución que contiene agua que está libre de partículas visibles de compuesto disperso (no disuelto). "Clear or transparent" refers to an aqueous solution containing the lipophilic compound in a water-containing solution that is free of visible particles of dispersed (undissolved) compound.
"Emulsión” es una dispersión coloidal de dos líquidos inmiscibles, como el aceite y el agua, en forma de gotas. Si las gotas de aceite se dispersan finamente en agua, entonces se trata de una emulsión de aceite en agua. Cuando las gotas de agua se dispersan finamente en aceite, se trata de una emulsión de agua en aceite."Emulsion" is a colloidal dispersion of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, in the form of drops. If the oil drops are finely dispersed in water, then it is an oil-in-water emulsion. Water is finely dispersed in oil, it is a water-in-oil emulsion.
"Cosurfactante” generalmente son alcoholes o aminas dentro del intervalo C4 a C10 que ayudan a la formación y a la estabilización de las micro y nanoemulsiones. Ejemplos: etanol (C2), glicerol (C3), xilitol (C5), eritritol (C4)."Cosurfactant" are generally alcohols or amines within the C4 to C10 range that aid in the formation and stabilization of micro and nanoemulsions. Examples: ethanol (C2), glycerol (C3), xylitol (C5), erythritol (C4).
"Antioxidantes” se consideran los antioxidantes naturales liposolubles reconocidos (tocoferoles, tocotrienoles, betacaroteno y coenzima Q10)."Antioxidants" are considered the recognized fat-soluble natural antioxidants (tocopherols, tocotrienols, beta-carotene and coenzyme Q10).
"Micro y nanoemulsiones” hace referencia a la producción de una mezcla de micro y nanoemulsiones del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides con el mismo procedimiento. Se distinguen de una emulsión en que son termodinámicamente estables a largo plazo sin aparente floculación o coalescencia, mientras que una emulsión es solo cinéticamente estable, es decir, que es lenta la velocidad a la cual la fase emulsionada se separa del agua. En general, se considera que las microemulsiones tienen diámetros de micrómetros y pueden ser transparentes o translúcidas. Las nanoemulsiones tienen diámetros de nanómetros y son transparentes."Micro and nanoemulsions" refers to the production of a mixture of micro and nanoemulsions from hemp oil containing cannabinoids with the same procedure. They are distinguished from an emulsion in that they are thermodynamically stable in the long term without apparent flocculation or coalescence, while an emulsion is only kinetically stable, that is, the speed at which the emulsified phase separates from water is slow. In general, microemulsions are considered to have micrometer diameters and can be transparent or translucent. Nanoemulsions have diameters of nanometers and are transparent.
"Surfactante, tensoactivo, emulgente o dispersante no iónico” se refiere a diferentes sinónimos de un agente generalmente anfifílico con una cabeza hidrófila y una cola hidrófoba con igual o diferente carácter hidrofílico o lipofílico, que tiende a disminuir la tensión superficial entre dos fases y a ser no ionizado en soluciones neutras. Algunos ejemplos de tensioactivos no iónicos son el Tween 80, Tween 20, Span 80."Surfactant, surfactant, emulsifier or nonionic dispersant" refers to different synonyms for a generally amphiphilic agent with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail with the same or different hydrophilic or lipophilic character, which tends to decrease the surface tension between two phases and to be non-ionized in neutral solutions Some examples of nonionic surfactants are Tween 80, Tween 20, Span 80.
Es conocido que los lípidos de mayor masa molecular necesitan mayor concentración de surfactantes para dispersarlos en micro y nanoemulsiones en una fase acuosa. Por ejemplo: los aceites de gran volumen molecular, como los aceites de soja y girasol, pueden producir una pequeña región de microemulsión, mientras que el triglicérido de menor volumen molecular, la tributirina (butírico+glicerol), produce una gran región monofásica clara. It is known that lipids with a higher molecular mass require a higher concentration of surfactants to disperse them in micro and nanoemulsions in an aqueous phase. For example: High molecular volume oils, such as soybean and sunflower oils, can produce a small microemulsion region, while the lower molecular volume triglyceride, tributyrin (butyric + glycerol), produces a large clear monophasic region.
El aceite de cáñamo contiene principalmente triacilglicéridos de los ácidos grasos entre otras moléculas en porcentajes que pueden variar, dependiendo del método de producción, desde el 90% hasta el 50%. Los triglicéridos de los ácidos grasos del aceite del aceite de cáñamo tienen mayor masa molecular que los diglicéridos y estos más que los monoglicéridos. Además, los di- y monoglicéridos tienen cierta capacidad emulsionante. Monoglicéridos y diglicéridos son comúnmente añadidos a los productos comerciales de alimentos en pequeñas cantidades. Actúan como emulsionantes, ayudando a mezclar los ingredientes insolubles que de otro modo no se mezclarían. Esta característica ayuda a disminuir la concentración de los surfactantes para producir micro y nanoemulsiones del aceite de cáñamo.Hemp oil mainly contains triacylglycerides of fatty acids among other molecules in percentages that can vary, depending on the production method, from 90% to 50%. The triglycerides of the fatty acids in hemp oil have a higher molecular mass than diglycerides and these more than monoglycerides. Furthermore, the di- and monoglycerides have some emulsifying capacity. Monoglycerides and diglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small amounts. They act as emulsifiers, helping to mix insoluble ingredients that would not otherwise mix. This feature helps decrease the concentration of surfactants to produce micro and nanoemulsions from hemp oil.
Un efecto emulsionante semejante a los di y monoglicéridos los tienen los etil y los metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos (FAME, por sus siglas en inglés)An emulsifying effect similar to di and monoglycerides is provided by ethyl and methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME).
El método se refiere a un proceso para producir micro y nanoemulsiones del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides cuyos lípidos se han transformado a di- y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos o a etil o metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos o combinación de ambos, para utilizar menor concentración de surfactantes y cosurfactantes para que se puedan dispersar los cannabinoides en una fase de agua o en una fase alimenticia sólida, y que tengan un diámetro menor de 55 micrómetros y que, además, se produzcan micro y nanoemulsiones translúcidas o transparentes en una fase de agua.The method refers to a process to produce micro and nanoemulsions from hemp oil containing cannabinoids whose lipids have been transformed to di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids or to ethyl or methyl esters of fatty acids, or a combination of both, to use less Concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants so that cannabinoids can be dispersed in a water phase or in a solid food phase, and have a diameter less than 55 micrometers and, in addition, to produce translucent or transparent micro and nanoemulsions in a phase of Water.
La presente invención describe un método para producir micro y nanoemulsiones del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides, mediante combinaciones de los diferentes pasos que incluyen:The present invention describes a method of producing micro and nanoemulsions from hemp oil containing cannabinoids, by combinations of the different steps including:
i. Un tratamiento inicial del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides para transformar los lípidos de mayor masa molecular a di- y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos, ácidos grasos y glicerol, o a etil o metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos o combinación entre ellos,i. An initial treatment of hemp oil containing cannabinoids to transform lipids of higher molecular mass to di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids, fatty acids and glycerol, or to ethyl or methyl esters of fatty acids or a combination of them,
ii. Un tratamiento enzimático con una o más enzimas preferentemente lipasas, o tratamientos químicos, para transesterificar los triglicéridos de los ácidos grasos, o etanolisis o metanolisis para producir metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos, o combinación entre ellos,ii. An enzymatic treatment with one or more enzymes, preferably lipases, or chemical treatments, to transesterify the triglycerides of the fatty acids, or ethanolisis or methanolisis to produce methyl esters of the fatty acids, or combination of them,
iii. Ninguno, uno o más surfactantes, iii. None, one or more surfactants,
iv. Ninguno, uno o más cosurfactantes,iv. None, one or more cosurfactants,
v. Uno o más antioxidantes,v. One or more antioxidants,
vi. Un aporte de energía,saw. A contribution of energy,
vii. Una presentación en forma líquida o en polvo de tal forma que las micro y nanoemulsiones en líquido o en polvo, se pueden dispersar en agua produciendo una emulsión traslúcida o trasparente.vii. A presentation in liquid or powder form in such a way that the micro and nanoemulsions in liquid or powder can be dispersed in water producing a translucent or transparent emulsion.
Es conocido que las enzimas lipasas pueden actuar, por definición, en la interfaz orgánico-acuosa, catalizando la hidrólisis de los enlaces éster-carboxilato y liberando ácidos grasos y alcoholes orgánicos. En general las lipasas catalizan la hidrólisis de los triacilgliceroles a di- y monogliceroles, y a ácidos grasos y glicerol de manera aleatoria, siendo los productos intermedios mono- y diacilgliceroles.It is known that lipase enzymes can, by definition, act at the organic-aqueous interface, catalyzing the hydrolysis of ester-carboxylate bonds and releasing fatty acids and organic alcohols. In general, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to di- and monoglycerols, and to fatty acids and glycerol at random, the intermediates being mono- and diacylglycerols.
Las lipasas pueden ser de origen animal (pancreático, hepático y gástrico), microbiano (bacterianas, fúngicas y de levadura) o vegetal, y varían en sus propiedades catalíticas.Lipases can be of animal (pancreatic, hepatic, and gastric), microbial (bacterial, fungal, and yeast) or plant origin, and vary in their catalytic properties.
Existen diferentes tipos de lipasas. Lipasas específicas: tienen a los ésteres de glicerol como sustratos específicos. Catalizan la hidrólisis de los triacilgliceroles, y también los di- y monoacilgliceroles. Lipasas no específicas: catalizan la hidrólisis completa de los triacilgliceroles en ácidos grasos y glicerol de manera aleatoria, siendo los productos intermedios mono- y diacilgliceroles.There are different types of lipases. Specific lipases: they have glycerol esters as specific substrates. They catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, and also di- and monoacylglycerols. Non-specific lipases: catalyze the complete hydrolysis of the triacylglycerols in fatty acids and glycerol in a random way, being the intermediate products mono- and diacylglycerols.
Las lipasas se producen y proceden de páncreas porcino, de páncreas humano, de tejido adiposo de pollo, de leche bovina, de germen de trigo. Lipasas derivadas de microorganismos de los géneros Rhizopus, Aspergillus y Mucor, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus japonicus, Rhizopus niveus, Aspergillus niger, Asperfillus oryzae, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida rugosa, Candida antárctica, Candida lipolytica, Burkholderia sp., Penicillium camemberti, Mucorjavanicus y Mucor miehei. The lipases are produced and come from porcine pancreas, human pancreas, adipose tissue of chicken, bovine milk, wheat germ. Lipases derived from microorganisms of the genera Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Mucor, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus japonicus, Rhizopus niveus, Aspergillus niger, Asperfillus oryzae, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida rugosa, Candida Penicillium camemberti, Mucorjavanicus and Mucor miehei.
La actividad de la lipasa se mide en U/mL. Actúan desde 5 unidades de lipasa por gramo de aceite a 12.000 unidades de lipasa por gramo de aceite, preferentemente entre 100 y 1.200 UI por gramo, preferentemente de 100 U/g a 600 U/g y más preferentemente de 200 U/g hasta 400 U/g. La actividad de la lipasa depende de la procedencia de las lipasas. En otras lipasas, el intervalo de actividad varía desde 1.200 U/g hasta 1.800 U/g. En algunas realizaciones la relación de lipasa tipo II porcina (100 a 500 Unidades/mg) a aceite, puede ser de 5-10 mg/mL, aunque en otra realización utiliza 10 gramos de aceite con 20 mL de agua y desde 1,5 g hasta 6 g de lipasa. El tiempo de actuación varía preferentemente desde 10 minutos hasta 120 horas, más preferentemente de 1 a 90 horas. Las lipasas funcionan desde temperatura ambiente a 20°C hasta 50°C, preferentemente entre 35°C y 50°C y se desactivan preferentemente a 90°C.Lipase activity is measured in U / mL. They operate from 5 units of lipase per gram of oil to 12,000 units of lipase per gram of oil, preferably between 100 and 1,200 IU per gram, preferably from 100 U / g to 600 U / g and more preferably from 200 U / g to 400 U / g. Lipase activity depends on the origin of the lipases. In other lipases, the activity range varies from 1,200 U / g to 1,800 U / g. In some embodiments, the ratio of porcine type II lipase (100 to 500 Units / mg) to oil can be 5-10 mg / mL, although in another embodiment it uses 10 grams of oil with 20 mL of water and from 1.5 g to 6 g of lipase. The operating time preferably ranges from 10 minutes to 120 hours, more preferably from 1 to 90 hours. The lipases operate from room temperature at 20 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably between 35 ° C and 50 ° C and are deactivated preferably at 90 ° C.
Dependiendo de la actividad, la lipasa se añade desde 0,2 g hasta 100 g por cada 100 litros, preferentemente desde 5 g hasta 20 g por cada 100 litros, y desde 1 minuto hasta 72 horas de tratamiento, preferentemente desde 1 hora hasta 24 horas. Temperatura puede variar desde 2°C hasta 60°C, preferentemente desde 25°C hasta 40°C.Depending on the activity, lipase is added from 0.2 g to 100 g per 100 liters, preferably from 5 g to 20 g per 100 liters, and from 1 minute to 72 hours of treatment, preferably from 1 hour to 24 hours. Temperature can vary from 2 ° C to 60 ° C, preferably from 25 ° C to 40 ° C.
Las lipasas transforman los lípidos de mayor masa molecular del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides en productos de menor masa molecular. Las lipasas no transforman el cannabidiol.Lipases transform the higher molecular mass lipids from hemp oil containing cannabinoids into lower molecular mass products. Lipases do not transform cannabidiol.
Un aspecto de la presente invención comprende la transformación de la mayoría de los lípidos del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides con una lipasa o combinación de lipasas, para disminuir la masa molecular de los lípidos del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides.One aspect of the present invention comprises transforming most of the lipids in hemp oil containing cannabinoids with a lipase or combination of lipases, to decrease the lipid molecular mass of hemp oil containing cannabinoids.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención es producir micro y nanoemulsiones con baja concentración de surfactantes. Si el aceite de cáñamo se mezcla con lipasas y un surfactante en fase acuosa, se forman fácilmente mono y diglicéridos de los ácidos grasos. Los di- y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos tienen cierta capacidad emulsionante y disminuyen la concentración de los fosfolípidos y de otros surfactantes que son necesarios para producir finalmente las micro y nanoemulsiones.Another aspect of the present invention is to produce micro and nanoemulsions with low concentration of surfactants. If hemp oil is mixed with lipases and an aqueous phase surfactant, mono and diglycerides of fatty acids are easily formed. The di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids have some emulsifying capacity and decrease the concentration of phospholipids and other surfactants that are necessary to finally produce micro and nanoemulsions.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención comprende la utilización de proteasas, amilasas o celulasas para disminuir los pesos moleculares de las proteínas, polisacárido y celulosa residuales a péptidos o aminoácidos y a monosacáridos. Another aspect of the present invention comprises the use of proteases, amylases or cellulases to decrease the molecular weights of residual proteins, polysaccharides and cellulose to peptides or amino acids and to monosaccharides.
En algunos procedimientos de la presente invención se utiliza la lipasa o mezclas de lipasas disueltas agua, y se mezcla con aceite y un surfactante utilizando un agitador o ultrasonidos. Un procedimiento preferido es la agitación.In some methods of the present invention, lipase or mixtures of lipases dissolved in water are used, and it is mixed with oil and a surfactant using a stirrer or ultrasound. A preferred procedure is agitation.
En otros procedimientos, la lipasa se inmoviliza en un sustrato y el aceite pasa sobre el sustrato para que la lipasa actúe sobre los ésteres de glicerol del aceite.In other procedures, the lipase is immobilized on a substrate and the oil passes over the substrate so that the lipase acts on the glycerol esters of the oil.
En otros procedimientos, la lipasa o mezcla de lipasas, se mezcla con proteasas para reducir las proteínas, que se pueden encontrar en el aceite, a péptidos y aminoácidos, y también se puede mezclar con amilasas para reducir los polisacáridos, que se pueden encontrar en el aceite, a azúcares sencillos.In other procedures, the lipase, or mixture of lipases, is mixed with proteases to reduce proteins, which can be found in the oil, to peptides and amino acids, and can also be mixed with amylases to reduce polysaccharides, which can be found in the oil, to simple sugars.
En otra realización preferida las enzimas pueden utilizarse en formato inmovilizado.In another preferred embodiment the enzymes can be used in immobilized format.
En un procedimiento de la presente invención, la lipasa o mezclas de lipasas, se disuelve en agua y la relación de aceite / agua / surfactantes / cosurfactantes puede variar la actividad de la lipasa. En la presente invención se ha seleccionado una relación de aceite / agua desde 1:20 hasta 1.000:1, preferentemente desde 1:4 hasta 3:7 y preferentemente desde 10:2 hasta 10:1, y aceite / surfactantes desde 1:20 hasta 1.000:1 preferentemente desde 100:5 hasta 100/1.In a process of the present invention, the lipase, or mixtures of lipases, dissolves in water and the ratio of oil / water / surfactants / cosurfactants can vary the activity of the lipase. An oil / water ratio of from 1:20 to 1,000: 1, preferably from 1: 4 to 3: 7, and preferably from 10: 2 to 10: 1, and oil / surfactants from 1:20 have been selected in the present invention. up to 1,000: 1 preferably from 100: 5 to 100/1.
En otro procedimiento de la presente invención, la lipasa o mezclas de lipasas, se pueden inmovilizar en diferentes tipos de portadores como son, por ejemplo: alginato, resina, polipropileno, dextrano, celite, etc. En general, las lipasas inmovilizadas son resistentes al calor y tienen una alta durabilidad en un amplio rango de concentraciones. Muchas de las lipasas y lipasas inmovilizadas están fácilmente disponibles como productos en el mercado. La cantidad de lipasa utilizada es preferiblemente de 0,1 a 30% en peso, particularmente de 1 a 15% en peso (200 a 100,000 unidades por gramo de aceite o grasa) en base a las materias primas para la reacción. En la solicitud de patente Número WO2013114178A1, el aceite se mezcla con un alcohol como por ejemplo el etanol en relación desde 1:4 hasta 1:7.In another method of the present invention, the lipase or mixtures of lipases, can be immobilized in different types of carriers such as, for example: alginate, resin, polypropylene, dextran, celite, etc. In general, immobilized lipases are heat resistant and have high durability in a wide range of concentrations. Many of the immobilized lipases and lipases are readily available as products on the market. The amount of lipase used is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, particularly 1 to 15% by weight (200 to 100,000 units per gram of oil or fat) based on the raw materials for the reaction. In patent application number WO2013114178A1, the oil is mixed with an alcohol such as ethanol in a ratio of from 1: 4 to 1: 7.
Otra realización de la presente invención es la producción de ésteres etílicos o metílicos de los ácidos grasos (FAME por sus siglas en inglés) desde el aceite de cáñamo utilizando metodologías de etanolisis o metanolisis. La metanolisis de un compuesto graso, es el resultado de tres reacciones consecutivas: transesterificación parcial del triglicérido (TG) para formar el diglicérido (DG), transesterificación parcial del DG para formar el monoglicérido (MG), y transesterificación parcial del MG para formar el FAME y glicerol (G). Para la producción de los FAME se necesitan de 0,5% a 1% de KOH o NaOH como catalizador etanol o metanol. Los compuestos grasos deben tener un valor ácido menor a 1 mg KOH/g. La relación de alcohol / aceite varía preferentemente desde 3:1 hasta 6:1. El tiempo de duración de 0,1 horas de la reacción a una temperatura de 60°C tiene una eficacia de producción de FAME del 94%.Another embodiment of the present invention is the production of fatty acid ethyl or methyl esters (FAME) from hemp oil using ethanolysis or methanolysis methodologies. Methanolysis of a compound Fatty, is the result of three consecutive reactions: partial transesterification of triglyceride (TG) to form diglyceride (DG), partial transesterification of DG to form monoglyceride (MG), and partial transesterification of MG to form FAME and glycerol (G ). For the production of FAME, 0.5% to 1% of KOH or NaOH are needed as ethanol or methanol catalyst. Fatty compounds must have an acid value less than 1 mg KOH / g. The alcohol / oil ratio preferably ranges from 3: 1 to 6: 1. The 0.1 hour reaction time at a temperature of 60 ° C has a FAME production efficiency of 94%.
Los FAME pueden utilizarse como solventes y ayudan a la dispersión de los cannabinoides que se encuentran en el aceite de cáñamo y, de esta forma, se necesita una menor concentración de cosurfactantes, de surfactantes como las lecitinas o sus derivados, de biosurfactantes, de surfactantes naturales, de surfactantes con certificado ecológicos, y de surfactantes sintéticos como los Tweens o los Spans, y sus combinaciones, para la producción de micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides presentes en el aceite de cáñamo.DMARDs can be used as solvents and help the dispersion of cannabinoids found in hemp oil and, thus, a lower concentration of cosurfactants, of surfactants such as lecithins or their derivatives, of biosurfactants, of surfactants is required natural, certified organic surfactants, and synthetic surfactants such as Tweens or Spans, and their combinations, for the production of micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids present in hemp oil.
Se ha encontrado que se puede utilizar una concentración menor de surfactantes no iónicos, naturales o ecológicos, que en las metododogías actuales cuando al aceite de cáñamo transformado según las metodologías anteriores. Por ejemplo, al aceite de cáñamo se le añade una mezcla de dos fosfolípidos como la mezcla de fosfatidilserina / fosfatidilcolina en una relación desde 1:10 hasta 35:65, preferentemente de 1:5 en una concentración desde el 1 % hasta el 39% y otro surfactante no fosfolipídico para producir micro y nanoemulsiones. Otro ejemplo es: fosfatidilserina / fosfatidilcolina y Tween 80, o fosfatidilserina / fosfatidilcolina y almidón modificado o fosfatidilserina / fosfatidilcolina y goma arábica.It has been found that a lower concentration of nonionic, natural or ecological surfactants can be used than in current methodologies when hemp oil transformed according to the previous methodologies. For example, a mixture of two phospholipids such as the phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine mixture is added to hemp oil in a ratio of 1:10 to 35:65, preferably 1: 5 in a concentration of 1% to 39% and another non-phospholipid surfactant to produce micro and nanoemulsions. Another example is: phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80, or phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine and modified starch or phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine and gum arabic.
La fosfatidilserina es un componente natural de todas las membranas biológicas y está más concentrada en el cerebro. Los fosfolípidos utilizados pueden producirse sintéticamente o prepararse a partir de fuentes naturales. Las lecitinas, fosfatidil colina y fosfatidilserina se consideran Generalmente Reconocido como Seguro (GRAS). Ambas derivan de lecitinas de origen vegetal o animal y son adecuadas para realizar emulsiones de rango micrométrico o nanométrico de los aceites vegetales y animales. En otras realizaciones no limitantes, la fosfatidilserina puede ser sustituida por fosfatidiletanolamina, fosfatidilinositol, fosfatidilserina y ácido fosfatídico o combinados con ella.Phosphatidylserine is a natural component of all biological membranes and is most concentrated in the brain. The phospholipids used can be produced synthetically or prepared from natural sources. Lecithins, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidylserine are considered Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). Both are derived from lecithins of plant or animal origin and are suitable for making emulsions of the micron or nanometric range of vegetable and animal oils. In other non-limiting embodiments, phosphatidylserine can be replaced by phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid or combined with it.
La invención se refiere al uso de una estrategia para utilizar surfactantes de origen natural como son los fosfolípidos y cosurfactantes como puede ser el glicerol, para disminuir el uso de los surfactantes no iónicos para producir dichas emulsiones. Aunque los surfactantes no iónicos son generalmente seguros, los consumidores demandan alimentos, bebidas, complementos o suplementos alimenticios, cosmética y medicina con bajas concentraciones de surfactantes no iónicos y a ser posible surfactantes naturales y mejor aún con denominación ecológica.The invention refers to the use of a strategy to use surfactants of natural origin such as phospholipids and cosurfactants such as glycerol, to decrease the use of nonionic surfactants to produce said emulsions. Although non-ionic surfactants are generally safe, consumers demand food, beverages, food supplements or supplements, cosmetics and medicine with low concentrations of non-ionic surfactants and, if possible, natural surfactants and even better with an ecological name.
Los surfactantes de síntesis son los Tweens y los Spans, ambos son considerados GRAS. Ejemplos: Span 80 (monooleato de sorbitan) o Tween 80 (monooleato de sorbitan etoxilado).The synthetic surfactants are Tweens and Spans, both are considered GRAS. Examples: Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) or Tween 80 (ethoxylated sorbitan monooleate).
Los surfactantes naturales pueden agruparse en biosurfactantes derivados de microorganismos, surfactantes de origen vegetal y surfactantes de origen animal. Cada uno de ellos puede tener o no una denominación ecológica. Los biosurfactantes se agrupan en glicolípidos, lipopéptidos y polímeros. Los surfactantes de origen vegetal más conocidos son los procedentes de Durio zibethinus, Quillaja japónica, goma arábica, peptinas, glucomananos, almidones modificados, ultramuz, guisantes, soja y maíz, lecitina, fosfatidilserina, fosfatidilcolina, fosfatidiletanolamina, fosfatidilinositol, y ácido fosfatídico. Los surfactantes más conocidos de origen animal son lecitina, caseína y suero de leche.Natural surfactants can be grouped into biosurfactants derived from microorganisms, surfactants of plant origin, and surfactants of animal origin. Each of them may or may not have an ecological name. Biosurfactants are grouped into glycolipids, lipopeptides, and polymers. The best-known plant-based surfactants are those derived from Durio zibethinus, Quillaja japónica, gum arabic, peptinas, glucomannanas, modified starches, ultramuz, peas, soybeans and corn, lecithin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylininosidic, phosphatidylininosidic, and The best-known surfactants of animal origin are lecithin, casein, and whey.
En otra realización preferida los surfactantes se seleccionan del grupo de lecitina, fosfatidilserina, fosfatidilcolina, fosfatidiletanolamina, fosfatidilinositol, y ácido fosfatídico o sus combinaciones, preferentemente la combinación de fosfatidilserina / fosfatidilcolina en concentraciones desde el 1% hasta el 39%, preferentemente desde el 5% hasta el 15%, en combinación con el grupo de surfactantes no iónicos Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, Tween 21, Tween 85, Tween 65, Tween 81, Tween 61 y Tween 100 y los surfactantes Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, y Span 85, solos o en sus combinaciones y del grupo de almidones, caseinato de leche, leche en polvo, proteína de soja, proteína de guisante y proteína de suero, o sus combinaciones. La relación de surfactante / aceite puede variar desde 10:1 hasta 1:100 preferentemente desde 1:10 hasta 4:10.In another preferred embodiment the surfactants are selected from the group of lecithin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid or their combinations, preferably the combination of phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine in concentrations from 1% to 39%, preferably from 5 % to 15%, in combination with the group of nonionic surfactants Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, Tween 21, Tween 85, Tween 65, Tween 81, Tween 61 and Tween 100 and the Span 20 surfactants, Span 40, Span 60, Span 65, and Span 85, alone or in their combinations and from the group of starches, milk caseinate, powdered milk, soy protein, pea protein and whey protein, or combinations thereof. The Surfactant / oil ratio can range from 10: 1 to 1: 100, preferably from 1:10 to 4:10.
Las micro y nanoemulsiones están compuestas de un aceite, agua, surfactantes y, por lo general, un cosurfactante, generalmente un alcohol de cadena corta (C3-C10) como etanol, glicerol, metanol, xilitol, sorbitol, maltitol o eritritol o en sus combinaciones. Los cosurfactantes se añaden para reducir aún más la tensión interfacial, facilitando la emulsión y la estabilidad del sistema.Micro and nanoemulsions are composed of an oil, water, surfactants, and generally a cosurfactant, generally a short-chain alcohol (C3-C10) such as ethanol, glycerol, methanol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, or erythritol or combinations. Cosurfactants are added to further reduce interfacial tension, facilitating emulsion and system stability.
Cosurfactantes preferidos son el xilitol, glicerol o eritritol en una relación de aceite / alcohol desde 100:1 hasta 1:4.Preferred surfactants are xylitol, glycerol, or erythritol in an oil / alcohol ratio of 100: 1 to 1: 4.
Cuando se usan solo los fosfolípidos como surfactantes únicos generalmente no forman microemulsiones cuando las dos fases son agua y aceite. Es necesario utilizar un cosurfactante, generalmente un alcohol de cadena corta (C3-C10).When phospholipids alone are used as sole surfactants they generally do not form microemulsions when the two phases are water and oil. It is necessary to use a cosurfactant, usually a short-chain alcohol (C3-C10).
En otras realizaciones se pueden añadir cosolventes como monosacáridos o alcoholes como etanol, sorbitol, o manitol.In other embodiments, cosolvents like monosaccharides or alcohols like ethanol, sorbitol, or mannitol can be added.
A las micro y nanoemulsiones, que se obtiene en forma líquida, se le añaden antioxidantes, antes o después de la formación de dicha emulsión. Los antioxidantes pueden incluir tocoferoles o coencima Q10 o ambos en combinación, desde 0,2 hasta 10 g/kg.Antioxidants are added to the micro and nanoemulsions, which are obtained in liquid form, before or after the formation of said emulsion. Antioxidants can include tocopherols or coenzyme Q10 or both in combination, from 0.2 to 10 g / kg.
En otra realización el antioxidante se selecciona del grupo de tocoferoles, tocoferoles alfa, beta, gamma o delta, tocotrienoles, tocotrienoles alfa, beta, gamma o delta, astaxantina, fosfolípidos, ubiquinol, ubiquinona, glutatión, y sus combinaciones.In another embodiment the antioxidant is selected from the group of tocopherols, alpha, beta, gamma or delta tocopherols, tocotrienols, alpha, beta, gamma or delta tocotrienols, astaxanthin, phospholipids, ubiquinol, ubiquinone, glutathione, and combinations thereof.
En general, la producción de micro y nanoemulsiones requieren el uso de métodos de alta energía. Un procedimiento es utilizar mezcladores con velocidades desde 100 rpm hasta 30.000 rpm, preferentemente desde 2.000 rpm hasta 10.000 rpm y de 1 minutos a 20 minutos para micro o nanoemulsionar el aceite previamente emulsionado con enzimas. Otro procedimiento utiliza ultrasonidos desde 10 khz hasta 2.000 khz con diferentes potencias de salida y tiempos de tratamiento que pueden variar desde 10 segundos a 10 minutos de tratamiento. In general, the production of micro and nanoemulsions requires the use of high energy methods. One procedure is to use mixers with speeds from 100 rpm to 30,000 rpm, preferably from 2,000 rpm to 10,000 rpm and from 1 minute to 20 minutes to micro or nanoemulsify the oil previously emulsified with enzymes. Another procedure uses ultrasound from 10 khz to 2,000 khz with different power outputs and treatment times that can vary from 10 seconds to 10 minutes of treatment.
El tratamiento energético de la presente invención puede incluir agitación con homogeneizador en baja o alta velocidad, o ultrasonidos.The energy treatment of the present invention may include low or high speed homogenizer agitation, or ultrasound.
Cuando se utiliza una lipasa para transesterificar los triacilgliceroles se utiliza una agitación máxima de 600 rpm para no desactivar la enzima. Una vez finalizada la transesterificación, la emulsión se agita a alta velocidad desde 2.000 rpm hasta 30.000 rpm preferentemente entre 3.000 y 12.000 rpm para producir micro y nanoemulsiones.When a lipase is used to transesterify the triacylglycerols, a maximum agitation of 600 rpm is used so as not to deactivate the enzyme. After transesterification is complete, the emulsion is stirred at high speed from 2,000 rpm to 30,000 rpm preferably between 3,000 and 12,000 rpm to produce micro and nanoemulsions.
La emulsión se puede tratar con ultrasonidos con una potencia entre 20 y 3.000 watios, preferentemente entre 50 y 1.300 watios y a una frecuencia entre 10 y 30 kHz preferentemente de 20 kHz, para producir micro y nanoemulsiones. El tiempo de sonicación puede variar desde 5 segundos hasta 10 minutos. Los equipos industriales pueden procesar 2.000 litros/hora. Las micro y nanoemulsiones se pueden realizar a temperatura ambiente y a una temperatura preferida desde 40°C hasta 50 °C.The emulsion can be treated with ultrasound with a power between 20 and 3,000 watts, preferably between 50 and 1,300 watts and at a frequency between 10 and 30 kHz, preferably 20 kHz, to produce micro and nanoemulsions. The sonication time can vary from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. Industrial equipment can process 2,000 liters / hour. Micro and nanoemulsions can be performed at room temperature and at a preferred temperature from 40 ° C to 50 ° C.
Otra realización es la producción en polvo de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas mezclándolas con carbohidratos o proteínas desde el 50% hasta el 2000%, preferentemente desde el 400% hasta el 800%. De tal forma que se produce una solución traslúcida o transparente cuando se echan 100 pL del formato líquido o 500 mg del formato en polvo en 100 mL de agua.Another embodiment is the powder production of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions by mixing them with carbohydrates or proteins from 50% to 2000%, preferably from 400% to 800%. In such a way that a translucent or transparent solution is produced when 100 pL of the liquid format or 500 mg of the powder format are poured into 100 mL of water.
Las composiciones en polvo de la presente invención se realizan añadiendo al aceite, micro y nanoemulsionado, productos secos solubles que pueden incluir azúcares, alcoholes, oligosacáridos, polisacáridos, o proteínas, así como los propios excipientes de las cápsulas de gelatina como celulosa microcristalina.The powder compositions of the present invention are made by adding to the oil, micro and nanoemulsified, soluble dry products that may include sugars, alcohols, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, or proteins, as well as the excipients of the gelatin capsules as microcrystalline cellulose.
Las micro y nanoemulsiones, en formato líquido o en polvo, se utilizan en alimentos, bebidas, complementos o suplementos alimenticios, productos de cosmética y medicina.Micro and nanoemulsions, in liquid or powder form, are used in food, beverages, food supplements or supplements, cosmetic and medical products.
El aceite de cáñamo contiene mayoritariamente lípidos y cannabinoides. Para micro y nanoemulsionar los cannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo con surfactantes es necesario también micro y nanoemulsionar los lípidos que componen el aceite. La transformación a lípidos de menor masa molecular como di- y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos, ácidos grasos y glicerol o a etil o metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos o combinación de ellos, incrementan la capacidad emulgente del aceite de cáñamo y disminuye la concentración necesaria de surfactantes y cosurfactantes (no iónicos, naturales o ecológicos) comparativamente a los procesos actuales, para producir micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides, como demandan los consumidores.Hemp oil contains mostly lipids and cannabinoids. To micro and nanoemulsify the cannabinoids of hemp oil with surfactants, it is also necessary to micro and nanoemulsify the lipids that make up the oil. Transformation to lower molecular mass lipids such as di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids, fatty acids and glycerol or to ethyl or methyl esters of fatty acids or a combination of They increase the emulsifying capacity of hemp oil and decrease the necessary concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants (non-ionic, natural or ecological) compared to current processes, to produce micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids, as demanded by consumers.
La presente invención se refiere a la producción de micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo con un diámetro menor de 55 micrómetros utilizando baja concentración de surfactantes. Se disminuye la masa molecular de los lípidos del aceite de cáñamo que contiene los cannabinoides con enzimas lipasas para producir di y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos, o se producen los metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos utilizando la metilación química, o combinación de ambos. Esta transformación, no solo disminuye la masa molecular de los lípidos y disminuye la concentración necesaria de surfactante si no que, además, incrementa la capacidad emulgente del aceite y disminuye todavía más la concentración necesaria de surfactantes para producir micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides.The present invention relates to the production of micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids from hemp oil with a diameter less than 55 microns using low concentration of surfactants. The molecular mass of lipids in hemp oil containing cannabinoids is decreased with lipase enzymes to produce di and monoglycerides of fatty acids, or the methyl esters of fatty acids are produced using chemical methylation, or a combination of both. This transformation not only decreases the molecular mass of lipids and decreases the necessary concentration of surfactant, but also increases the emulsifying capacity of the oil and further decreases the necessary concentration of surfactants to produce micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids.
La invención también se refiere al procedimiento que utiliza baja concentración de surfactantes y cosurfactantes, comparativamente a los procedimientos tradicionales, para micro y nanoemulsionar aún más el aceite transesterificado, suministrando energía en forma de agitación o ultrasonidos.The invention also relates to the process that uses low concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants, compared to traditional procedures, to further micro and nanoemulsify transesterified oil, supplying energy in the form of agitation or ultrasound.
La invención también se refiere a al procedimiento que utiliza surfactantes y cosurfactantes naturales o con denominación ecológica.The invention also relates to the process using natural or eco-denominated surfactants and cosurfactants.
Las micro y nanoemulsiones transparentes de los cannabinoides en formato líquido o en polvo, se utilizan en alimentos, bebidas, complementos o suplementos alimenticios, productos de cosmética y medicina.The transparent micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids in liquid or powder format are used in food, beverages, food supplements or supplements, cosmetic and medical products.
Un objeto de la invención es disminuir la masa molecular de los lípidos del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides transformándolos (esterificándolos) a di- y monoglicéridos de los ácidos grasos, ácidos grasos y glicerol o transformándolos a etil o metil ésteres de los ácidos grasos, o combinación de ellos, para conseguir dos ventajas: por un aparte se incrementa la capacidad emulsionante del aceite transformado y por otra, se necesita menor concentración de surfactantes y cosurfactantes para micro y nanoemulsionar los cannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo. An object of the invention is to decrease the molecular mass of cannabinoid-containing hemp oil lipids by transforming (esterifying) them to di- and monoglycerides of fatty acids, fatty acids and glycerol or transforming them to ethyl or methyl esters of fatty acids, or a combination of them, to achieve two advantages: on the one hand, the emulsifying capacity of the transformed oil is increased, and on the other, a lower concentration of surfactants and cosurfactants is needed to micro and nanoemulsify the hemp oil cannabinoids.
Otro objeto de la invención es producir micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo con baja concentración de surfactantes y cosurfactantes naturales o con denominación ecológica para responder a la demanda de los consumidores.Another object of the invention is to produce micro and nanoemulsions of cannabinoids from hemp oil with a low concentration of surfactants and natural or eco-denominated cosurfactants to respond to consumer demand.
Otro objeto de la invención es utilizar diferentes intensidades de energía de agitación o ultrasonidos o combinación de ambas, para producir más microemulsiones o más nanoemulsiones.Another object of the invention is to use different intensities of energy of agitation or ultrasound or combination of both, to produce more microemulsions or more nanoemulsions.
Otro objeto de la invención es producir micro y nanoemulsiones de los cannabinoides del aceite de cáñamo que tengan un diámetro inferior a 55 micrómetros, para que puedan ser absorbidos por las vellosidades intestinales.Another object of the invention is to produce micro and nanoemulsions of hemp oil cannabinoids that are less than 55 microns in diameter, so that they can be absorbed by intestinal villi.
Otro objeto de la invención es producir micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides, que pueden dispersarse en una fase de agua y que sea translúcida o transparente.Another object of the invention is to produce liquid micro and nanoemulsions, from hemp oil containing cannabinoids, which can be dispersed in a water phase and which is translucent or transparent.
Otro objeto de la invención es producir micro o nanoemulsione en polvo, del aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides, que puedan mezclarse con con productos alimenticios, cosméticos o medicinales y que, además, pueden dispersarse en una fase de agua que sea translúcida o transparente.Another object of the invention is to produce micro or nanoemulsion in powder form, from hemp oil that contains cannabinoids, that can be mixed with food, cosmetic or medicinal products and that can also be dispersed in a water phase that is translucent or transparent.
Otro objeto de la invención es producir micro y nanoemulsiones, de aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides, en formato líquido o en polvo que sea estable a la oxidación mediante el uso de antioxidantes.Another object of the invention is to produce micro and nanoemulsions, from hemp oil containing cannabinoids, in liquid or powder form that is stable to oxidation through the use of antioxidants.
Otro objeto de la invención es producir micro y nanoemulsiones, de aceite de cáñamo que contiene cannabinoides, en formato líquido o en polvo para que se puedan mezclar con alimentos, bebidas, suplementos o complementos alimenticios, productos de cosmética y medicamentos.Another object of the invention is to produce micro and nanoemulsions, from hemp oil containing cannabinoids, in liquid or powder format so that they can be mixed with food, beverages, supplements or food supplements, cosmetic products and medicines.
Otro objeto de la invención donde la micro y nanoemulsión se dispersa en una fase acuosa o se absorbe en una fase sólida desde 5 mg en 100 mL hasta 10 g en 100 mL, preferentemente desde 50 mg en 100 mL hasta 300 mg en 100 mL, produciendo emulsiones transparentes. Another object of the invention where the micro and nanoemulsion is dispersed in an aqueous phase or absorbed in a solid phase from 5 mg in 100 mL to 10 g in 100 mL, preferably from 50 mg in 100 mL to 300 mg in 100 mL, producing transparent emulsions.
En una realización preferida en el que la fase acuosa o el material base se seleccionan del grupo que consiste en bebida energética, agua mineral, limonada, agua tónica, minerales, agua de fruta, jugo de fruta, leche, suero de leche, bebida gaseosa, bebida alcohólica y como preparación de agua potable.In a preferred embodiment in which the aqueous phase or the base material are selected from the group consisting of energy drink, mineral water, lemonade, tonic water, minerals, fruit water, fruit juice, milk, whey, carbonated drink , alcoholic beverage and as a preparation of drinking water.
En otra realización preferida donde la micro y nanoemulsion donde la fase acuosa o sólida, se selecciona de alimentos, bebidas, complementos o suplementos o cosmética.In another preferred embodiment where the micro and nanoemulsion where the aqueous or solid phase is selected from food, beverages, supplements or supplements or cosmetics.
Otro objeto es un producto en donde las micro y nanoemulsiones se mezclan con otros componentes (fase sólida) para producir un producto en polvo. Los componentes se seleccionan del grupo de maltodextrina, glucosa, lactosa, maltitol, xilitol, eritritol, fructosa, metil celulosa, hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa, celulosa microcristalina, proteína de suero, proteína de leche, proteína de cáñamo, proteína de guisante, proteína de soja, leche en polvo o en sus combinaciones para obtener un polvo seco. En estas realizaciones, la relación de la fase sólida con las micro y nanoemulsiones es preferentemente de 4:1 a 7:1. La mezcla final se muele en molino de alta velocidad, molino de martillo, molino de rodillos, molino de disco, molino de bolas, mortero, o cualquier molino de alimentos con tipos de proceso fino o ultrafino, produciendo una emulsión transparente e instantánea.Another object is a product where micro and nanoemulsions mix with other components (solid phase) to produce a powder product. The components are selected from the group of maltodextrin, glucose, lactose, maltitol, xylitol, erythritol, fructose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, whey protein, milk protein, hemp protein, pea protein, soy protein, milk powder or in combinations to obtain a dry powder. In these embodiments, the ratio of the solid phase to the micro and nanoemulsions is preferably from 4: 1 to 7: 1. The final blend is milled in a high speed mill, hammer mill, roller mill, disc mill, ball mill, mortar, or any food mill with fine or ultra-fine process types, producing a transparent and instantaneous emulsion.
En una realización más preferida en el que las micro y nanoemulsiones se mezclan con un material base seleccionado del grupo que consiste en bebida energética, agua mineral, limonada, agua tónica, minerales, agua de fruta, jugo de fruta, leche, suero de leche, bebida gaseosa, bebida alcohólica y como preparación de agua potable.In a more preferred embodiment in which the micro and nanoemulsions are mixed with a base material selected from the group consisting of energy drink, mineral water, lemonade, tonic water, minerals, fruit water, fruit juice, milk, whey , carbonated drink, alcoholic beverage and as a preparation of drinking water.
En otra realización preferida donde la micro y nanoemulsión en polvo se utiliza en alimentos, bebidas, complementos o suplementos, cosmética y medicina.In another preferred embodiment where the micro and nanoemulsion powder is used in food, beverages, supplements or supplements, cosmetics and medicine.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En algunas realizaciones, el aceite de cáñamo emulsionado está presente en una formulación dispersado en agua, por ejemplo, en una bebida a una concentración desde el 0,001% en peso hasta el 10% en peso, preferentemente desde 0,05% hasta 0,2%. In some embodiments, the emulsified hemp oil is present in a formulation dispersed in water, for example, in a beverage at a concentration of from 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 0.2 %.
La composición de la formulación puede estar en cualquier formato de dosificación oral o dérmica. Las preparaciones orales líquidas incluyen, líquidos, bebidas, jarabes, suspensiones, geles, etc., adecuados para quién los ingiera.The composition of the formulation can be in any oral or dermal dosage format. Liquid oral preparations include liquids, beverages, syrups, suspensions, gels, etc., suitable for whoever eats them.
Una formulación soluble en agua como se describe en el presente documento puede pulverizarse directamente sobre la piel.A water soluble formulation as described herein can be sprayed directly on the skin.
En otras realizaciones no limitantes de la presente invención, el aceite de cáñamo emulsionado se mezcla con, maltodextrina, glucosa, lactosa, maltitol, xilitol, eritritol, fructosa, metil celulosa, hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa, celulosa microcristalina, proteína de suero, proteína de leche, proteína de cáñamo, proteína de guisante, proteína de soja, leche en polvo o en sus combinaciones para obtener un polvo seco. En estas realizaciones, la formulación dispersada en agua está en una concentración desde el 0,005% hasta el 10%, preferentemente desde el 0,1% hasta el 2%.In other non-limiting embodiments of the present invention, the emulsified hemp oil is mixed with, maltodextrin, glucose, lactose, maltitol, xylitol, erythritol, fructose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, whey protein, milk protein, protein hemp, pea protein, soy protein, milk powder or in combinations to obtain a dry powder. In these embodiments, the water dispersed formulation is in a concentration of from 0.005% to 10%, preferably from 0.1% to 2%.
Ejemplo 1: micro y nanoemulsiones.Example 1: micro and nanoemulsions.
Grupo A: 100 g de aceite de cáñamo que contiene 30% de cannabidiol.Group A: 100 g of hemp oil containing 30% cannabidiol.
Grupo B: 400 UI/g de lipasa pancreática o bacteriana disuelta en 20 mL de agua y 5 g de Tween 80.Group B: 400 IU / g of pancreatic or bacterial lipase dissolved in 20 mL of water and 5 g of Tween 80.
El grupo A y B se mezcla con agitación durante 24 horas y a 30°C de temperatura. Calentar a 90 °C para desactivar las enzimasGroup A and B are mixed with stirring for 24 hours and at 30 ° C temperature. Heat to 90 ° C to deactivate enzymes
Añadir 10 g de fosfatidilserina / fosfatidilcolina en relación 1:5, 20 g de Tween 80 y 5 g de glicerol.Add 10 g of phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine in 1: 5 ratio, 20 g of Tween 80 and 5 g of glycerol.
Agitar a 3000 rpm durante 5 minutos. En otra realización se puede utilizar ultrasonidos. Se obtienen micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas.Shake at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes. In another embodiment, ultrasound can be used. Liquid micro and nanoemulsions are obtained.
En esta realización, 0,1 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se dispersan en 100 mL de una bebida.In this embodiment, 0.1 mL of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions is dispersed in 100 mL of a beverage.
Para producir un producto en polvo de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se mezclan 250 de maltodextrina con 50 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones. En esta realización, 0,8 g de la micro y nanoemulsión en polvo se mezcla con 100 g de un alimento, bebida, complemento o suplemento alimenticios, producto de cosmética o medicamento.To produce a powder product of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions, 250 maltodextrin is mixed with 50 mL of the micro and nanoemulsions. In this embodiment, 0.8 g of the micro and nanoemulsion powder is mixed with 100 g of a food, drink, food supplement or supplement, cosmetic product or medicine.
Ejemplo 2: micro y nanoemulsiones con aceite de cáñamo previamente transesterificado.Example 2: micro and nanoemulsions with previously transesterified hemp oil.
Como en el ejemplo 1, pero en vez de producir una lipolisis se produce una metanolisis mediante una transesterificación estándar con NaOH y metanol. El metanol sobrante se retira mediante un rotavapor.As in Example 1, but instead of producing lipolysis, methanolysis is produced by standard transesterification with NaOH and methanol. The excess methanol is removed by means of a rotary evaporator.
En esta realización, 0,1 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se dispersa en 100 mL de un serum de cosmética.In this embodiment, 0.1 mL of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions is dispersed in 100 mL of a cosmetic serum.
Para producir polvo de las micro y nanoemulsiones se añaden 250 de celulosa microcristalina y estearato de magnesio con 50 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones.To produce powder from the micro and nanoemulsions, 250 microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate are added with 50 mL of the micro and nanoemulsions.
En esta realización, 0,8 g de la micro y nanoemulsión en polvo se mezcla con 100 g de un alimento, bebida, complemento o suplemento alimenticios, producto de cosmética o medicamento.In this embodiment, 0.8 g of the micro and nanoemulsion powder is mixed with 100 g of a food, drink, food supplement or supplement, cosmetic product or medicine.
Ejemplo 3: micro y nanoemulsiones con surfactantes naturales.Example 3: micro and nanoemulsions with natural surfactants.
Como en el ejemplo 1, pero en vez de utilizar Tween 80 se utiliza Quillaja japónica (6%) como surfactante y glicerol (6%) como cosurfactante.As in Example 1, but instead of using Tween 80, Japanese Quillaja (6%) is used as the surfactant and glycerol (6%) as the cosurfactant.
En esta realización, 0,1 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se dispersa en 100 mL de un serum de cosmética.In this embodiment, 0.1 mL of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions is dispersed in 100 mL of a cosmetic serum.
Para producir polvo de las micro y nanoemulsiones se añaden 250 de leche desnatada en polvo con 50 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones. En esta realización, 0,8 g de la micro y nanoemulsión en polvo se mezcla con 100 g de un alimento, bebida, complemento o suplemento alimenticios, producto de cosmética o medicamento.To produce powder from the micro and nanoemulsions, 250 skimmed milk powder are added with 50 mL of the micro and nanoemulsions. In this embodiment, 0.8 g of the micro and nanoemulsion powder is mixed with 100 g of a food, drink, food supplement or supplement, cosmetic product or medicine.
Ejemplo 4: micro y nanoemulsiones ecológicas Example 4: ecological micro and nanoemulsions
Como en el ejemplo 3, pero todos los componentes tienen certificado ecológico.As in example 3, but all components have an ecological certificate.
En esta realización, 0,1 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se dispersa en 100 mL de una bebida ecológica.In this embodiment, 0.1 mL of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions is dispersed in 100 mL of an organic drink.
Para producir polvo de las micro y nanoemulsiones, se añaden 250 de proteína de cáñamo con certificado ecológico, a 50 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones.To produce powder from the micro and nanoemulsions, 250 hemp protein with ecological certification are added to 50 mL of the micro and nanoemulsions.
En esta realización, 0,8 g de la micro y nanoemulsión en polvo se mezcla con 100 g de un alimento, bebida, complemento o suplemento alimenticios, producto de cosmética o medicamento.In this embodiment, 0.8 g of the micro and nanoemulsion powder is mixed with 100 g of a food, drink, food supplement or supplement, cosmetic product or medicine.
Ejemplo 5: Micro y nanoemulsiones directasExample 5: Direct micro and nanoemulsions
A 100 g de aceite de cáñamo que contiene 30% de cannabidiol se le añaden 1.000 UI/g de lipasa bacteriana con 0.1% de agua y 4% del cosurfactante glicerol. El pH se ajusta a 7 con NaOH. Se incuba la mezcla a una temperatura de 50°C durante 14 horas y a 600 rpm. Posteriormente la enzima se desactiva a 90°C. La emulsión se agita a 3.000 rpm durante 5 minutos.To 100 g of hemp oil containing 30% cannabidiol, 1,000 IU / g of bacterial lipase are added with 0.1% water and 4% of the glycerol cosurfactant. The pH is adjusted to 7 with NaOH. The mixture is incubated at a temperature of 50 ° C for 14 hours and at 600 rpm. Subsequently, the enzyme is deactivated at 90 ° C. The emulsion is stirred at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes.
En esta realización, 0,1 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se dispersan en 100 mL de una bebida.In this embodiment, 0.1 mL of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions is dispersed in 100 mL of a beverage.
Para producir un producto en polvo de las micro y nanoemulsiones líquidas, se mezclan 250 de maltodextrina con 50 mL de las micro y nanoemulsiones. En esta realización, 0,8 g de las micro y nanoemulsión en polvo se mezcla con 100 g de un alimento, bebida, complemento o suplemento alimenticio, producto de cosmética o medicamento. To produce a powder product of the liquid micro and nanoemulsions, 250 maltodextrin is mixed with 50 mL of the micro and nanoemulsions. In this embodiment, 0.8 g of the micro and nanoemulsion powder is mixed with 100 g of a food, drink, food supplement or supplement, cosmetic product or medicine.
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