ES1061596U - Shuttering board of plastic material consisting of two opposite faces ribbed assembled. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork board made of plastic material consisting of two opposed ribbed faces assembled, of the type that are obtained by injection, characterized in that it comprises two halves, faces or sheets of the size in plan of the larger dimensions of the board, but of small thickness, with internal nerves in both directions and facing each face, and perimeter edges also facing each other, nerves and edges that have a male and female coupling system for fitting between the two board halves, which are joined together in a dry relationship elastic, by gluing, by welding or by mechanical fixation, through said ribs and tongue and groove edges. The coupling between nerves can be any, just as for the edges. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Plastic formwork board consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled.

Object of the invention

The present invention aims at a thin and lightened formwork board internally made of plastic material and intended for the construction of concrete structures, which is constituted by two opposite faces that have internal ribs facing between one face and the other, as well as a continuous perimeter edge, nerves and perimeter that are assembled by insertion, gluing and / or welding, forming the formwork board itself of smooth parallel parallelepiped outer faces without cavities.

The thermoplastic material (or thermofix) can be any of the high consumption, or even technical plastics, and be reinforced with all types of fibers, artificial or natural to increase its stiffness, as well as all kinds of fillers and additives to improve certain properties such as impact resistance, etc. etc.

Each face can also be reinforced locally with strips or rounds of steel, fiberglass, carbon, etc., reinforcements that are embedded in the thermoplastic mass of each face as these reinforcements have been previously placed inside the injection mold before making The injection of each face.

Therefore the present invention is limited within the scope of the construction of concrete structures of buildings, and more specifically to the field of formwork for slabs and walls.

Background of the invention

Nowadays, the wooden boards of 1000x500x27 mm and those of 2000x500x27 mm dominate the market. These boards have the disadvantage of poor durability due to sun and water, and represent a threat to the environment due to the cutting down of trees necessary for their manufacture. They also have the disadvantage that the concrete sticks to the wood and the operator must clean them after one-on-one removal.

During the last years there has been a great effort to manufacture these boards in thermoplastic materials or with synthetic resins and fiberglass, with better performance in many aspects than those of wood such as lightness, etc., but that due to their low rigidity or because of their high cost respectively, they have not been able to displace the wooden ones.

As for this type of plastic boards we can cite as disclosed in Spain, those injected into a single ES1043845U and ES1057703U face, the injected monobloc with reinforcements ES2025017 interiors, the single-sided ribbed board ES1050033U, the one made by fiberglass pultrusion and two-sided closed polyester ES1052468U, extruded two-sided faces with longitudinal internal reinforcements and / or filled with ES2196997 polyurethanes, extruded with wall arrangements various internal devices such as ES1052803U, ES1035133U and ES1043659U, or type in honeycomb interior and polyester with fiberglass exterior ES1034597 or ES1034596U.

As a difference with some descriptions found in these inventions, it should be noted that the new board described here does not incorporate the nerves into the upper or lower plates in the manufacturing process, but melts with the same material, at the same time , said nerves with the outer plates. It also does not include rear corners , or fillings with polyurethanes or other plastic foams although it could do so by increasing the cost. And finally it must be said that injecting the entire board at the same time with the internal reinforcements previously placed in the mold, leads us to excessive thicknesses of plastic material, or expensive fillers of rigid reinforcements that must withstand the injection pressure. Certainly the cheapest would be air as in this new invention.

In general, the author of this invention does not know and has not found in the SPTO databases any patent or utility model that describes lightweight plastic boards of materials made in two halves and glued or embedded in the center of the edge.

Description of the invention

The object of the present invention is to improve the current wooden boards and to the different attempts to manufacture a plastic material board, by manufacturing an injection board broken down into two halves, with or without embedded thin reinforcements, whose two faces are embedded in each other by its nerves, so that it is a monolithic body and external appearance parelelepiped, achieving as practically appreciable advantages for its manufacture the following:

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lower cost in materials because the quantity in kilograms of plastic used by each board to give the same resistance as that of wood is less, being also less than the mass used in the other plastic boards of the background, manufactured on one side and giving them the same rigidity,

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little manipulation of the elements in the manufacture of the board, since each half is manufactured automatically by injection, and the insertion between both halves is carried out by means of a ram to which the two halves are placed, all of which can easily be robotized, and not having to glue end corners , insert reinforcements by hand, or fill with polyurethane,

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It is not necessary to apply finishing or preservation paints , greatly increasing the durability of the boards against those of wood,

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absence of corrosion and bad appearance against wood for longer due to the effect of concrete and weathering,

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possibility of re- recycling the boards to manufacture new ones in case of breakage or wear due to the use after a long time, which implies an environmental impact against those of wood,

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greater flatness of the board, since the vices or curvatures of the injection and retraction of the plastic material, when symmetrically joining the two equal faces, are compensated resulting in a flatter board than the current ones of plastic, and without warping as it happens sometimes to extrudates,

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greater precision and quality of sections by the injection technique itself compared to extrudates.

As for practically appreciable advantages for its use we have:

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greater rigidity than other boards made of thermoplastics, because the moment of inertia of the section is greater by having two very outer faces continuous in the form of double "T", compared to the plastic panels on one side with simple "T" arrangement between nerves and upper plate,

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usable on both sides and not one, the board lasts longer,

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they weigh less than those of wood,

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they do not need release agents, and they are also clean of concrete when unclogging, unlike those made of wood,

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using certain thermoplastics and additives and given the greater number of internal interlocks between the nerves, they do not break in the case of fall during release, since due to their elasticity during the shock we do not exceed the elastic limit of the material, which does not happen with those of wood that splinter or "open",

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the water does not penetrate inside the board by having all the corners sealed and covered without having to perform special capping or sealing operations as in other plastic boards,

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using certain thermoplastics it is allowed to nail on the boards with normal nails in the traditional way, resisting cracking.

The invention does not deal with one more variant of elongated plastic material board , but allows that with less plastic material than those injected to one side and with the same thickness of 27 or 30 mm as the current ones of wood, we increase the rigidity of the board , also transmitting firmly the shear forces between the faces of the board, and resisting the flush forces between the ends of the inner ribs of one face with those of the other. In addition, its exterior finish is airtight so that water and concrete do not penetrate, and have a good external presence when its perimeter is completely closed.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description below is going to be done and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, is accompanied by this report descriptive, of a set of drawings in whose figures, so illustrative and not limiting, the details are represented significant of the invention in one of its embodiments preferred.

Figure 1.- Shows a slightly lower perspective of the two halves of the board before assembling them, with their distribution of internal walls.

Figure 2.- Shows a slightly higher perspective view of the set of the two halves of the board before joining or pasting them.

Figure 3.- It shows a simplified cross section of the lower and upper half with their males and females .

Figure 4.- It shows a superior perspective of the board assembly already assembled , where only a thin line of connection between the parts in the edge of the board can be seen externally.

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Figure 5.- Shows a longitudinal portion of the two halves separated with their males and females that penetrate each other and weld or glue. Each half has been made with the same injection mold lowering costs.

Figure 6.- Shows the same assembled anterior portion, with bonding or welding between the males and females.

Figure 7. - It shows a superior perspective of another example of half of board with the males and females alternated and with the peculiarity that turning on the central axis , some males fit in their homologous females, and all this starting from the same injection mold that manufactures each face interchangeably.

Figure 8.- Shows a portion of a board section that includes an outer and inner edge or wall, where the assembly system is by dry fit, having hooks on one face that are anchored on another hook of the face opposite. On the right is the portion already snapped in.

Figure 9.- It shows a portion of another possible section of board, which includes an outer edge or wall and another inner wall or nerve, where the insertion is performed dry by pressure, by elasticity of the walls of the upper females that lock the dry males, although glue can certainly be added. On the right it is already assembled.

Figure 10.- It shows a portion equal to the previous ones, but this time the union is produced by flat bonding or flat welding .

Figure 11.- It shows a portion of the board in cross section with its two upper and lower halves, and a possible reinforcement with a thin longitudinal (or transverse) strip or strip on each wall and embedded in the injected mass of the plastic. These strips have been placed before the injection in the mobile or male mold, by means of magnets for example, so the fingerprint without plastic that will leave the magnet in the strap will remain inside the board. Remember that males and females can alternate on the same face or ribbed alignment, which makes it possible to hold the plates with magnets, placing them, for example, at the bottom of the females.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the aforementioned figures described then a preferred embodiment of the invention among the many possible and similar, as well as an explanation of the drawings

The new formwork board of this invention comprises two halves, faces or sheets , one upper (1) and one lower (2) both of small thickness, with a plurality of inner ribs (3) under the upper face (1), which they can be for example the females or cavities of the assembly system between the nerves of each board half, and therefore with the same arrangement of internal upper ribs (4) on the lower face (2) of the board, now of the male type, that will be housed in females (3). These males and females are also arranged throughout the perimeter (3.1 and 4.1) of the board. The inner nerves can be designed with different heights , those of one face than those of the other, even being able to manufacture nerves on one side, while the other is a simple closing plating , that yes duly glued or fixed to the other face, even with tabs or locking fins.

The assembled board (5) will have only a small horizontal line or joint (6) on the edge of said board and completely sealed . The set will present a great moment of inertia as it has most of its mass distributed horizontally on the farthest sides. When we load the board on site with the slab, the transmission of the shear forces between the upper and lower faces will be guaranteed through the plurality of internal ribs assembled and arranged in the two directions of the space, which will considerably increase the flush effort that Supports the union. Union that can be not only embedded in pressure , but welded, glued or mechanically fixed .

To save costs, the injection mold can manufacture the same upper face (1.1) as the lower one (2.1), without having to symmetrically and oppositely dispose the male and female nerves in the mold. Thus when assembling the board (5.1), externally we will obtain the same result as the two different faces.

In figure 7 a possible arrangement is shown at the quincunx core (4.2) and females (3.2), but with the peculiarity that if we rotate the board through the central axis A-A ', males and females of each half - Half will fit with those of the other, achieving great robustness between the parties by having a plurality of embedded nerves. It should be added that the arrangement of the internal walls or nerves could be of any geometric shape such as circles, honeycomb, bushy trellis, etc. etc.

The assembly system between the ribs can be constituted in multiple ways, such as through hooks (7) on one side, and opposite hooks (8) on the other side. The assembly (9) will be produced by elastic deformation of the hooks (7 and 8) by pushing a press one side of the board over the other. By having the board crossed nerves, there would be no slippage due to flush effort between one face and the other when loading said board on site with the weight of the slab, and all this without the need to apply glues, welds or mechanical fasteners such as screws or rivets . To avoid this slippage, we can mix males and females crossed with harpoons or hooks on the same board.

In figure 9 we can see another way to guarantee the assembly, this time by a female (10) that will open elastically when a male (11) penetrates with a small lateral protrusion. Once assembled (12), the bulge of the male (11) will fit like a glove in the traced cavity of the female (10).

Perhaps a simple way of fitting between the parts would be by welding hot plate or other type, or by simple flat gluing , between the upper rib (13) and the lower rib (14) of each half-board. Thus once pressed the board its union (15) would form a single monolithic nerve.

Instead of using rigid plastics in the manufacture of the boards, with the greater cost that entails, or instead of incorporating rigid loads or fibers of any kind, a very economical solution for manufacturing, is to place some strips, plates or profiles several (16) inside the upper (17) and lower (18) platelets, as close as possible to the outer faces and ribs of the board, in order to increase the moment of longitudinal or transverse inertia of the assembly to the maximum, with the minimum expense of iron raw material or other materials of high deformation modulus. These strips would be cut automatically starting for example from a strapping coil next to the injection machine, and a robotic arm would place it in the mobile part of the injection mold, holding it by small magnets . When the mold is closed, these strips will be positioned without moving in the right place, and the thermoplastic injection will wrap and hug them so that they do not move in the future. By pushing the ejectors of the male mold the face of the board already injected, the magnets will release the plates embedded in the thermoplastic mass leaving only a few small windows with the plate in sight, but inside the board. The fixing of the plates or profiles to the mold can be carried out in many other ways, such as small positioning pointers in the male mold and in the matrix, or by simple gravity on the matrix if the mold is horizontal, etc. etc. Once assembled (19) the rigidity obtained on the board is enormous, without the need to have used technical plastics or fiber reinforced plastics, and therefore lowering the cost of raw materials. It should be added that the strap or profile should have prominences, or small grains on their faces, or a transverse scratch or roughness in general, to favor adhesion with the thermoplastic.

Finally we will say that the ideal material to be used would be an injection plastic , which will usually be a thermoplastic, since it allows recycling of the pieces several times. Eventually a thermofix could be used, which are plastics that once solidified do not allow heating to soften them again and inject them. Injection plastics are organic polymers of long chains and although the list is huge, the most used and therefore cheap are the so-called " high-volume plastics ", which among others we have: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) , polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polystyrene (PS). In our case we must choose a thermoplastic of high VICAT temperature (or softening point), since in transport and stacked in summer work the temperature can reach 80 degrees Celsius by permanently bending the board if its VICAT temperature is lower than these 80 degrees for example. Logically, plastics may carry " fillers " or additives of any kind, or reinforcements of natural or artificial fibers .

In the final design of the section of the board, the section of the profile must be studied and increased taking into account the elastic limits of the material and its deformation module, in order to guarantee a high safety coefficient and a deformability suitable for the established purpose. For example, a typical pinewood board of 1x0.5 m with a surface load of 600 kg / m2 and supported by short ends will give an arrow of about 6 mm, therefore in our board we should not exceed 10 mm maximum arrow .

As with any new invention, although the separate parts of what constitutes the object of an invention are already known in the prior art as they would be here and separately: plastics, the manufacturing by injection of boards with one side , the longitudinal reinforcement, the insertion between parts, the bonding or welding, etc. etc.; It is not known or seems to have been evident to anyone, to gather all these techniques and operations to obtain a new formwork board, which is more flat and rigid than the current ones of plastic, without corners of corners, cheaper in hand of factory work, and with less materials , etc., otherwise they would already be marketed or registered with the Spanish Patent Office, which this inventor could not find despite the research carried out in the OEPMPAT database , and he has not found it in the visits to different national construction or plastic fairs he has attended. Recall that a Utility Model is required some inventive activity should not be very obvious to an expert in the field, so if the result of this invention is to achieve a new board more competitive than the other plastic to replace the classic board of wood, providing a great lightness of materials but with greater rigidity, almost no manufacturing workmanship, with a finished perimeter, usable both sides indistinctly, etc., it could be concluded that it should not have been very evident despite the advantages, Well, nobody seems to have previously put it on the market , published it or even patented it. This reasoning is done within the Utility Model, not because the inventor doubts the inventive activity of this new invention, but because it is typical in patent lawsuits that by system consider a nullity counterclaim always trying to oppose lack of activity inventive to cancel it, pretending not to harm said Utility Model for having plagiarized it.

Finally it is evident to anyone, not just for an expert, that does not alter the essentiality of this invention variations in plastic materials, their fillers or reinforcing materials reinforcements, sections, shape, size and arrangement of ribs and encastres, all of which is described in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, and this description is sufficient from now on, for reproduction by an expert.

Claims (8)

1. Formwork board of plastic material consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled, of the type obtained by injection, characterized in that it comprises two halves , faces or sheets of the plan size of the largest dimensions of the board, but of small thickness , with internal nerves in both directions and facing each other, and also facing perimeter edges, nerves and edges that have a male and female coupling system to fit between the two board halves, which sympathize with each other well dry elastic, by gluing, by welding or by mechanical fixation, through said ribs and tongue and groove edges. The coupling between nerves can be any, as for the edges. 2. Formwork board of plastic material consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs and edges have such an arrangement that by rotating the board on one of its central coplanar axes to the board, the board halves with their nerves and edges fit perfectly in the same male-female duality, that is, each board half has an opposite symmetry of males and females with respect to its central axis. 3. Formwork board of plastic material consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ribs and ribs have hooks or hardened spikes that elastically deform during the pressure assembly between the faces. 4. Formwork board of plastic material constituted by two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nerves and edges have females that deform or open elastically when the male is introduced, which incorporates lateral prominences or protrusions , which fit in channels with an analogous shape, in negative, practiced inside the females. 5. Formwork board of plastic material consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs and edges have their head almost flat and more or less horizontal, this time not being able to be assembled dry, but will be fixed with the other side of the board by gluing, welding or mechanical fixing. 6. Formwork board of plastic material consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs and edges have varying and different heights , all of which can be arranged on one side, the other side being practically a sheet which is assembled to the lower ribbed face. 7. Formwork board of plastic material constituted by two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plastic material can be a thermoplastic or thermofix, and incorporate " loads ", additives or natural or artificial fibers of high modulus of deformation. 8. Formwork board of plastic material consisting of two opposite ribbed faces assembled, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each face of the board can incorporate strips , plates or reinforcement profiles of any material of high deformation modulus, embedded in the sheets exteriors of each face of the board.