STREAM PARSER DESIGNS FOR UNEQUAL MODULATION TRANSMISSIONS WITH MULTIPLE SPATIAL STREAMS
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
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The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/496,707, filed 18 April 2023, the content of which being incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
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The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications.
BACKGROUND
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Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
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In wireless communications such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) and wireless local area network (WLAN) systems in accordance with one or more Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11be standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11ax/be) , for a wider bandwidth, different portions of the spectrum may have different signal qualities due to different interference levels and/or transmission powers (e.g., standard power in one segment and low-power indoor (LPI) power in another segment in a 6GHz band) . Accordingly, it would be beneficial to allocate unequal modulations or unequal modulation and coding schemes (MCS’s ) to adapt to signal quality in each spectrum segment may improve the system throughput and reliability. Therefore, there is a need for a solution of stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications.
SUMMARY
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The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
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An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications. It is believed that implementations of one or more of the various schemes proposed herein may allow allocation of unequal modulations or unequal MCS’s to adapt to signal quality in each spectrum segment may improve the system throughput and reliability.
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In one aspect, a method may involve generating a plurality of resource units (RUs) . The method may also involve transmitting the plurality of RUs with the plurality of RUs having either or both of the following: (a) unequal numbers of spatial streams per RU; and (b) unequal modulations applied on RUs of the plurality of RUs or on two or more spatial streams of each of one or more RUs of the plurality of RUs.
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In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may generate a plurality of RUs. The processor may also transmit, via the transceiver, the plurality of RUs with the plurality of RUs having either or both of the following: (a) unequal numbers of spatial streams per RU; and (b) unequal modulations applied on RUs of the plurality of RUs or on two or more spatial streams of each of one or more RUs of the plurality of RUs.
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It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) /derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) /New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
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FIG. 2 is a diagram of example scenarios under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 3 is a diagram of example scenarios under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 7 is a diagram of example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with
the present disclosure.
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FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
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Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations.
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Overview
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Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and/or solutions pertaining to stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
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It is noteworthy that, in the present disclosure, a regular RU (RRU) refers to a resource unit (RU) with tones that are continuous (e.g., immediately adjacent to one another) and not interleaved, interlaced or otherwise distributed. Moreover, a 26-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU26 (or RRU26) , a 52-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU52 (or RRU52) , a 106-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU106 (or RRU106) , a 242-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU242 (or RRU242) , and so on. Moreover, an aggregate (26+52) -tone regular multi-RU (MRU) may be interchangeably denoted as MRU78 (or RMRU78) , an aggregate (26+106) -tone regular MRU may be interchangeably denoted as MRU132 (or RMRU132) , and so on. Furthermore, a distributed-tone RU (DRU) refers to a RU with tones that are non-discontinuous (e.g., not immediately adjacent to one another) and interleaved, interlaced or otherwise distributed. Accordingly, a 26-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU26, a 52-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU52, a 106-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU106, a 242-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU242, a 484-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU484, a 996-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU996, a 2x996-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as DRU2x996, and so on.
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It is also noteworthy that, in the present disclosure, a bandwidth of 20MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW20 or BW20M, a bandwidth of 40MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW40 or BW40M, a bandwidth of 80MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW80 or BW80M, a
bandwidth of 160MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW160 or BW160M, a bandwidth of 240MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW240 or BW240M, a bandwidth of 320MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW320 or BW320M, a bandwidth of 480MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW480 or BW480M, a bandwidth of 500MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW500 or BW500M, a bandwidth of 520MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW520 or BW520M, a bandwidth of 540MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW540 or BW540M, a bandwidth of 640MHz may be interchangeably denoted as BW640 or BW640M.
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FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ～ FIG. 13 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ～ FIG. 13.
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Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least a station (STA) 110 communicating wirelessly with a STA 120. Either of STA 110 and STA 120 may be an access point (AP) STA or, alternatively, either of STA 110 and STA 120 may function as a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11be and future-developed standards) . Each of STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate with each other by utilizing the stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications in accordance with various proposed schemes described below. It is noteworthy that the unequal modulation (UEQM) in the various proposed schemes may be in the frequency domain and/or the spatial domain. It is also noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
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FIG. 2 illustrates example scenarios 200 of a stream parser for equal modulation (EQM) and unequal modulation (UEQM) on each stream. Part (A) of FIG. 2 pertains to the same MCS or equal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on RU and/or MRU on each spatial stream. After scrambling, coding, puncturing and post-forward error correction (post-FEC) padding, data bits are processed in groups of NCBPS bits. Each of these groups is rearranged into NSS blocks of NCBPSS bits (NSS, u blocks of NCBPSS, u bits in the case of a high-efficiency (HE) multi-user (MU) transmission) . Here, NCBPS denotes a number of coded bits per symbol, NSS denotes a number of spatial streams, NCBPSS denotes a number of coded bits per symbol per spatial stream, NSS, u denotes a number of spatial streams per user, and NCBPSS, u denotes a number of coded bits per symbol per spatial stream per user. This operation is referred to as stream parsing. For the NCBPS bits of each orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, S bits from the output of the encoder are divided among all spatial streams, s bits per stream. Referring to part (A) of FIG. 2, an input sequence (e.g., a stream of bits such as b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, …b9, b10, b11, …) to a stream parser may be split by the stream parser (e.g., in a round robin fashion) into two different spatial streams (NSS = 2) , a first spatial stream (1st SS) and a second spatial stream (2nd SS) . For equal modulation (EQM) on each stream (e.g., 16QAM) , the first two bits (b0, b1) may be assigned to the 1st SS, the next two bits (b2, b3) may be assigned to the 2nd SS, and so on and so forth in a round robin fashion.
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Part (B) of FIG. 2 pertains to unequal QAM on each spatial stream. Here, consecutive
blocks of S (iSS) bits are assigned to different spatial streams in a round robin fashion. That is, part (B) of FIG. 2 may pertain to an example of UEQM in the spatial domain and, thus, different spatial streams may be assigned with different QAM levels. Referring to part (B) of FIG. 2, an input sequence (e.g., a stream of bits such as b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, …b9, b10, b11, …) to a stream parser may be split by the stream parser (e.g., in a round robin fashion) into two different spatial streams (NSS = 2) , a first spatial stream (1st SS) and a second spatial stream (2nd SS) . For equal modulation (EQM) on each stream (e.g., quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) on the 1st SS and 16QAM on the 2nd SS) , the first bit (b0) may e assigned to the 1st SS, the next two bits (b1, b2) may be assigned to the 2nd SS, the next one bit (b3) may be assigned to the 1st SS, the next two bits (b4, b5) may be assigned to the 2nd SS, and so on and so forth in a round robin fashion.
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FIG. 3 illustrates example scenarios 300 of UEQM operation scenarios for next-generation and future Wi-Fi operations. Referring to FIG. 3, certain UEQM operation scenarios may be supported by various schemes proposed herein. For instance, under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, the number of spatial streams (NSS) per RU may be equal (EQ) , the per-segment (or per-RU) modulation may be unequal (UEQM) , and per-spatial stream (SS) modulation may be equal (EQM) . Under another proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, the NSS per RU may be unequal (UEQ) (e.g., one spatial stream (1ss) on one RU and two spatial streams (2ss) on another RU) , the per-segment (or per-RU) modulation may be equal (EQM) , and the per-SS modulation may be equal (EQM) . Under yet another proposed scheme, the NSS per RU may be unequal (UEQ) , the per-segment (or per-RU) modulation may be unequal (UEQM) , and the per-SS modulation may be equal (EQM) .
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FIG. 4 illustrates an example design 400 of a stream parser processing flow under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4, an encoder may receive and encode a stream of input data bits to output a stream of encoded bits to a stream parser. The stream parser may perform stream parsing with UEQM on RUs, EQM or UEQM on spatial streams, and unequal NSS on RUs. The stream parser may support the different UEQM operation scenarios described above with respect to FIG. 3 and described below. Outputs of the stream parser may be provided to a plurality of segment parsers, each of which may perform segment parsing with EQM and UEQM to respectively output parsed bits of RUs/MRUs.
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FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 500 may pertain to examples of UEQM operation with unequal QAM on RUs but the same QAM on spatial streams. Referring to part (A) of FIG. 5, for 2x996-tone RUs, each 996-tone RU may be transmitted on the same NSS and may be assigned with a respective QAM. That is, a first 996-tone RU may be modulated with a first QAM (QAM1) across all the spatial streams of the first 996-tone RU, while a second 996-tone RU may be modulated with a second QAM (QAM2) across all the spatial streams of the second 996-tone RU.
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Referring to part (B) of FIG. 5, for a (996+448) -tone MRU, each of the 484-tone RU and 996-tone RU may be transmitted on the same NSS and may be assigned with a respective QAM. That is, the 484-tone RU may be modulated with a first QAM (QAM1) across all the spatial streams of the 484-tone RU, while the 996-tone RU may be modulated with a second QAM (QAM2) across all the spatial streams of the 996-tone RU.
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FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 600 may pertain to examples of UEQM operation with unequal QAM on
RUs and UEQM on spatial streams. Referring to part (A) of FIG. 6, for 2x996-tone RUs, each 996-tone RU may be transmitted on the same NSS and each spatial stream of each RU may be assigned with a respective QAM. That is, a first 996-tone RU may be modulated with a first QAM (QAM1, 1) on a first spatial stream (1ss) of the first 996-tone RU, a second QAM (QAM1, 2) on a second spatial stream (2ss) of the first 996-tone RU, and so on. Similarly, a second 996-tone RU may be modulated with another first QAM (QAM2, 1) on a first spatial stream (1ss) of the second 996-tone RU, another second QAM (QAM2, 2) on a second spatial stream (2ss) of the second 996-tone RU, and so on.
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Referring to part (B) of FIG. 6, for a (996+448) -tone MRU, each of the 484-tone RU and 996-tone RU may be transmitted on the same NSS and each spatial stream of each RU may be assigned with a respective QAM. That is, the 484-tone RU may be modulated with a first QAM (QAM1, 1) on a first spatial stream (1ss) of the 484-tone RU, a second QAM (QAM1, 2) on a second spatial stream (2ss) of the 484-tone RU, and so on. Similarly, the 996-tone RU may be modulated with another first QAM (QAM2, 1) on a first spatial stream (1ss) of the 996-tone RU, another second QAM (QAM2, 2) on a second spatial stream (2ss) of the 996-tone RU, and so on.
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FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario 700 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 700 may pertain to examples of UEQM operation with unequal QAM on RUs, unequal NSS on RUs, but the same QAM on spatial streams on the same RU. Referring to FIG. 7, for 2x996-tone RUs, each 996-tone RU may be transmitted on a respective NSS (e.g., NSS1 for a first 996-tone RU and NSS2 for a second 996-tone RU) and may be assigned with a respective QAM. For instance, in a mixed-bandwidth (mixed-BW) multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) transmission scenario, a MU-MIMO on the first 996-tone RU may be transmitted on two spatial streams (2ss) for a user (e.g., user-1) while a single-user multiple-input-multiple-output (SU-MIMO) on the second 996-tone RU may be transmitted on four spatial streams (4ss) for the user. Alternatively, the RU-MIMO transmission on the second 996-tone RU may be performed with a first QAM (QAM1) on two spatial streams of the 4ss and with a second QAM (QAM2) on the other two spatial streams of the 4ss.
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FIG. 8 illustrates an example design 800 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 800 may pertain to a stream parser for UEQM. Referring to FIG. 8, this proposed schemes may be utilized with the following assumptions: (1) UEQM on RUs; (2) same NSS across all RUs; and (3) EQM on spatial streams on a RU, although different modulations may be applied on different RUs. In design 800, for a plurality of RUs with quantity of N, each RU may have the same NSS while having a respective number of data subcarriers (Nsd) and a respective number of bits per subcarrier per spatial stream (Nbpscs) due to a respective modulation/QAM. For instance, a first RU (RU1) may have a first Nsd (Nsd, 1) and a first Nbpscs (e.g., Nbpscs, 1 corresponding to QAM1) , a second RU (RU2) may have a second Nsd (Nsd, 2) and a second Nbpscs (e.g., Nbpscs, 2 corresponding to QAM2) , …and an Nth RU (RUN) may have an Nth Nsd (Nsd, N) and an Nth Nbpscs (e.g., Nbpscs, n corresponding to QAMn) . In design 800, the same modulation may be applied across all the spatial streams for a given RU, although different modulations (QAMs) may be applied on different RUs. Consequently, each RU may have a respective NCBPS (e.g., NCBPS, 1 for RU1, NCBPS, 2 for RU2 …and NCBPS, n for RUN which may be different from one another) .
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FIG. 9 illustrates an example design 900 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 900 may pertain to a stream parser for UEQM. Referring to FIG. 9, this proposed schemes may be utilized with the following assumptions: (1) UEQM on RUs; (2) same NSS across all RUs; and (3) EQM on spatial streams on a RU, although different modulations may be applied on
different RUs. The NCBPS bits of each orthogonal frequency-divisional multiple-access (OFDMA) symbols may be divided into Nru subgroups, with each subgroup having NCBPS, r bits. Within a given subgroup, Sr bits from the output of the encoder may be divided among all spatial streams, sr bits per stream. Moreover, consecutive blocks of sr bits may be assigned to different spatial streams in a round robin fashion.
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FIG. 10 illustrates an example design 1000 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1000 may pertain to a stream parser for UEQM. Referring to FIG. 10, this proposed schemes may be utilized with the following assumptions: (1) UEQM on RUs; (2) unequal NSS on RUs; and (3) EQM on spatial streams on a RU, although different modulations may be applied on different RUs. Design 1000 may be similar to design 800 except that, in design 1000, each RU may have a respective NSS different from that of one or more other RUs. For instance, a first RU (RU1) may be modulated and transmitted on NSS, 1, a second RU (RU2) may be modulated and transmitted on NSS, 2, …and an Nth RU (RUN) may be modulated and transmitted on NSS, n.
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FIG. 11 illustrates an example design 1100 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1100 may pertain to a stream parser for UEQM. Referring to FIG. 11, this proposed schemes may be utilized with the following assumptions: (1) UEQM on RUs; (2) unequal NSS on RUs; and (3) EQM on spatial streams on a RU, although different modulations may be applied on different RUs. The NCBPS bits of each OFDMA symbols may be divided into Nru subgroups, with each subgroup having NCBPS, r bits. Within a given subgroup, Sr bits from the output of the encoder may be divided among all spatial streams, sr bits per stream. Moreover, consecutive blocks of sr bits may be assigned to different spatial streams in a round robin fashion.
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Illustrative Implementations
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FIG. 12 illustrates an example system 1200 having at least an example apparatus 1210 and an example apparatus 1220 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 1210 may be implemented in STA 110 and apparatus 1220 may be implemented in STA 120, or vice versa.
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Each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a STA or an AP, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 1210 and/or apparatus 1220 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
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In some implementations, each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or
more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 12 such as a processor 1212 and a processor 1222, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and/or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 are neither shown in FIG. 12 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
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In one aspect, each of processor 1212 and processor 1222 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “aprocessor” is used herein to refer to processor 1212 and processor 1222, each of processor 1212 and processor 1222 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1212 and processor 1222 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and/or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1212 and processor 1222 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure. For instance, each of processor 1212 and 1222 may be configured with electronic circuitry implementing one or more of the designs of a UEQM transmitter (e.g., one or more of designs 600, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400) for transmission of MRUs as described herein.
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In some implementations, apparatus 1210 may also include a transceiver 1216 coupled to processor 1212. Transceiver 1216 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 1220 may also include a transceiver 1226 coupled to processor 1222. Transceiver 1226 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 1216 and transceiver 1226 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 1212 and processor 1222, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 1216 may be an integral part of processor 1212 as a system on chip (SoC) and/or transceiver 1226 may be an integral part of processor 1222 as a SoC.
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In some implementations, apparatus 1210 may further include a memory 1214 coupled to processor 1212 and capable of being accessed by processor 1212 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 1220 may further include a memory 1224 coupled to processor 1222 and capable of being accessed by processor 1222 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1214 and memory 1224 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and/or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1214 and memory 1224 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask
ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and/or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1214 and memory 1224 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and/or phase-change memory.
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Each of apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 1210, as STA 110, and apparatus 1220, as STA 120, is provided below in the context of process 1300. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and/or technical features of apparatus 1210 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 1220 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks.
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Illustrative Processes
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FIG. 13 illustrates an example process 1300 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1300 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 1300 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to stream parser designs for unequal modulation transmissions with multiple spatial streams in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 1300 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1310 and 1320. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1300 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks/sub-blocks of process 1300 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 13 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks/sub-blocks of process 1300 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 1300 may be implemented by or in apparatus 1210 and apparatus 1220 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 1300 is described below in the context of apparatus 1210 implemented in or as STA 110 and apparatus 1220 implemented in or as STA 120 of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 1300 may begin at block 1310.
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At 1310, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 of apparatus 1210 (e.g., STA 110) generating a plurality of RUs. Process 1300 may proceed from 1310 to 1320.
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At 1320, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting, via transceiver 1216, the plurality of RUs with the plurality of RUs having either or both of the following: (a) unequal numbers of spatial streams per RU; and (b) unequal modulations applied on RUs of the plurality of RUs or on two or more spatial streams of each of one or more RUs of the plurality of RUs.
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In some implementations, the unequal modulations may include unequal modulations in at least a frequency domain or a spatial domain.
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In some implementations, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the plurality of RUs with the following: (a) an equal number of spatial streams between RUs of the plurality of RUs; (b) unequal modulations applied on RUs of the plurality of RUs or on two or more spatial streams of each of one or more RUs of the plurality of RUs; and (c) an equal
modulation applied across the two or more spatial streams of each RU of the plurality of RUs.
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In some implementations, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the plurality of RUs with the following: (a) unequal numbers of spatial streams between RUs of the plurality of RUs; (b) an equal modulation applied on RUs of the plurality of RUs or on two or more spatial streams of each of one or more RUs of the plurality of RUs; and (c) an equal modulation applied across the two or more spatial streams of each RU of the plurality of RUs.
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In some implementations, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the plurality of RUs with the following: (a) unequal numbers of spatial streams between RUs of the plurality of RUs; (b) unequal modulations applied on RUs of the plurality of RUs or on two or more spatial streams of each of one or more RUs of the plurality of RUs; and (c) an equal modulation applied across the two or more spatial streams of each RU of the plurality of RUs.
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In some implementations, the plurality of RUs may include at least a first RU and a second RU, with the first RU and the second RU having a same number of tones. In such cases, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the first RU and the second RU with the following: (a) an equal NSS for each of the first RU and the second RU; (b) a first quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1) applied across the NSS spatial streams of the first RU; and (c) a second quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2) applied across the NSS spatial streams of the second RU.
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In some implementations, the plurality of RUs may include at least a first RU and a second RU, with the first RU and the second RU having different numbers of tones. In such cases, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the first RU and the second RU with the following: (a) an equal NSS for each of the first RU and the second RU; (b) a first quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1) applied across the NSS spatial streams of the first RU; and (c) a second quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2) applied across the NSS spatial streams of the second RU.
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In some implementations, the plurality of RUs may include at least a first RU and a second RU, with the first RU and the second RU having a same number of tones. In such cases, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the first RU and the second RU with the following: (a) an equal NSS for each of the first RU and the second RU; (b) a first quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1, 1) applied on a 1st SS of the NSS spatial streams of the first RU; (c) a second quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1, 2) applied on a 2nd SS of the NSS spatial streams of the first RU; (d) a third quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2, 1) applied on a 1st SS of the NSS spatial streams of the second RU; and (e) a fourth quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2, 2) applied on a 2nd SS of the NSS spatial streams of the second RU.
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In some implementations, the plurality of RUs may include at least a first RU and a second RU, with the first RU and the second RU having different numbers of tones. In such cases, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the first RU and the second RU with the following: (a) an equal NSS for each of the first RU and the second RU; (b) a first quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1, 1) applied on a 1st SS of the NSS spatial streams of the first RU; (c) a second quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1, 2) applied on a 2nd SS of the NSS spatial streams of the first RU; (d) a third quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2, 1) applied on a 1st SS of the NSS spatial streams of the second RU; and (e) a fourth quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2, 2) applied on a 2nd SS of the NSS spatial streams of the second RU.
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In some implementations, the plurality of RUs may include at least a first RU and a second
RU. Moreover, in transmitting the plurality of RUs, process 1300 may involve processor 1212 transmitting the first RU and the second RU with the following: (a) unequal numbers of spatial streams for the first RU and the second RU such that the first RU is assigned with a first number of spatial streams (NSS1) and the second RU is assigned with a second number of spatial streams (NSS2) , NSS1 ≠ NSS2; (b) a first quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM1) applied across the NSS1 spatial streams of the first RU; and (c) a second quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM2) applied across the NSS2 spatial streams of the second RU.
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Additional Notes
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The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
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Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
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Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general
such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
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From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.