EP4691187A1 - Verfahren und lasersystem zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung - Google Patents
Verfahren und lasersystem zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4691187A1 EP4691187A1 EP24715538.5A EP24715538A EP4691187A1 EP 4691187 A1 EP4691187 A1 EP 4691187A1 EP 24715538 A EP24715538 A EP 24715538A EP 4691187 A1 EP4691187 A1 EP 4691187A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- laser
- target material
- target
- laser pulses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/008—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/008—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation
- H05G2/0082—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation the energy-carrying beam being a laser beam
- H05G2/0088—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation the energy-carrying beam being a laser beam for preconditioning the plasma generating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
- H05G2/001—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma
- H05G2/008—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation
- H05G2/0082—Production of X-ray radiation generated from plasma involving an energy-carrying beam in the process of plasma generation the energy-carrying beam being a laser beam
- H05G2/0084—Control of the laser beam
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a laser system for generating secondary radiation.
- a method for generating EUV light wherein a droplet of target material is transformed by irradiation with a first pre-pulse laser beam, a seed plasma is generated by irradiating the transformed droplet with a second pre-pulse laser beam and EUV light is generated by heating the seed plasma with a main pulse laser beam.
- a modular plasma X-ray system comprising a liquid metal flow system enclosed in a low-pressure chamber, wherein the flow system contains a liquid metal and wherein a metal target irradiable by laser pulses is formed at least at one location on the liquid metal, a circulation pump within the liquid metal flow system for circulating the liquid metal, a laser pulse emitter configured to send laser pulses into the chamber via a laser window, focusing optics located between the emitter and the metal target, wherein the focusing optics guide the laser pulses so that they strike the metal target at a target location to form X-ray pulses, and an X-ray window positioned within the chamber and through which the X-ray pulses exit the chamber.
- an EUV radiation generation device comprising a vacuum chamber in which a target material can be arranged at a target position to generate EUV radiation, and a beam guidance chamber for guiding a laser beam from a driver laser device in the direction of the target position.
- An intermediate chamber is provided which is mounted between the vacuum chamber and the beam guidance chamber, a first window which seals the intermediate chamber in a gas-tight manner for the entry of the laser beam from the beam guidance chamber, as well as a second window that seals the intermediate chamber gas-tight for the exit of the laser beam into the vacuum chamber.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a method and a laser system as mentioned above, which enable the generation of secondary radiation with increased efficiency.
- a target material is provided in a target area, the target material in the target area is exposed to a pulse sequence of laser pulses, secondary radiation being generated by interaction of the target material with the pulse sequence, the pulse sequence having a pre-pulse and a main pulse following the pre-pulse, a pulse energy of the pre-pulse is between 2 pJ and 200 pJ and a pulse duration of the pre-pulse is between 200 fs and 5 ps, a pulse energy of the main pulse is between 2 mJ and 50 mJ and a pulse duration of the main pulse is between 15 fs and 300 fs, and a temporal pulse interval between the pre-pulse and the main pulse is between 1 ps and 1 ns.
- nanometer-sized particles can be released from the target material.
- These particles made of target material are referred to here as nanoparticles and are positioned in the area of a surface of the original target material from which they were released by the pre-pulse.
- the main pulse arrives at the target material, there is an additional interaction between the target material and the nanoparticles. It has been shown that the preparation of the target material using the pre-pulse and the nanoparticles generated in the process improve the efficiency of the interaction of the main pulse with the target material and in particular its absorption by the target material. This enables particularly efficient generation of secondary radiation.
- the interaction of the laser pulses of the pulse sequence with the target material is or includes in particular an at least partial absorption of the laser pulses by the target material.
- the laser pulses of the pulse sequence are at least partially absorbed by the target material.
- the fact that the main pulse follows the pre-pulse means that the pre-pulse hits the target material before the main pulse. The pre-pulse therefore hits the target material first and then the main pulse.
- the pulse sequence has several pre-pulses preceding the main pulse or a pulse train consisting of several pre-pulses preceding the main pulse.
- the pre-pulses have the properties of the pre-pulse specified in the claims as mentioned above and/or below.
- the respective pre-pulses of the pulse sequence then contribute to the formation of nanoparticles or cause the formation of nanoparticles.
- the secondary radiation generated by the method according to the invention is in particular electromagnetic radiation with a quantum energy between 0.5 keV and 100 keV and preferably between 5 keV and 50 keV.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for generating electromagnetic radiation with a quantum energy in the ranges mentioned.
- the secondary radiation generated is X-rays.
- the laser pulses of the pulse sequence have a wavelength between 300 nm and 10 pm.
- the wavelength is in a range between 330 nm and 350 nm, between 500 nm and 550 nm, between 0.8 pm and 1.2 pm, between 1.5 pm and 2.5 pm, or between 9 pm and 11 pm.
- all laser pulses of the pulse sequence have the same wavelength.
- the pulse duration of the pre-pulse is between 800 fs and 1.5 ps. This enables effective generation of nanoparticles, which in turn allows the interaction or absorption of the main pulse on the target material to occur with particularly high efficiency.
- the pulse energy of the pre-pulse is between 5 pJ and 100 pJ.
- the time interval between the pre-pulse and the main pulse is between 10 ps and 100 ps.
- the application of the pre-pulse to the target material causes the formation of nanoparticles.
- the nanoparticles are positioned in the area of a surface and/or in a spatial area of the target material in which the application of the pre-pulse to the target material takes place.
- the surface forms a boundary surface and/or phase boundary of the target material.
- the region in which the nanoparticles are positioned extends from the surface of the target material to a distance of 50 pm from the surface.
- the pulse energy of the main pulse is between 5 mJ and 15 mJ and in particular between 8 mJ and 12 mJ. This allows secondary radiation in the form of X-rays, for example, to be generated with particularly high efficiency.
- the pulse duration of the main pulse is between 25 fs and 50 fs.
- the target material is exposed to all laser pulses of the pulse sequence at the same location and/or in the same spatial region of the target material. This results in the aforementioned increase in efficiency in the generation of secondary radiation.
- the spatial region in which the laser pulses of the pulse sequence strike the target material has a maximum spatial extent, in particular maximum diameter, of at least 2.5 pm and/or not more than 30 m and in particular not less than 3
- the laser pulses of the pulse train approach the target material at a speed that is much greater than a movement speed and/or flow velocity of the target material within the target area, so that all laser pulses of the pulse train impinge on the target material at approximately the same location and/or in the same spatial area.
- the target material is exposed to the main pulse in a spatial area and/or in the same spatial area in which nanoparticles were formed by means of the pre-pulse.
- the main pulse then hits the nanoparticles formed in this spatial area and interacts with them.
- an impact position of the respective laser pulses of the pulse sequence on the target material is adjusted so that all laser pulses of the pulse sequence hit the target material at the same location and/or in the same spatial area.
- a control device can be provided for this purpose.
- the impact position is adjusted so that the main pulse hits the indentation formed on the surface of the target material, which was formed there by means of the pulse train consisting of at least two pre-pulses.
- a negative pressure and/or a vacuum and/or a gas atmosphere with a defined composition is created in the target area.
- the laser pulses of the pulse sequence are assigned to at least one primary laser beam, wherein the at least one primary laser beam is provided by means of a laser device and is directed at the target area in order to interact with the target material there.
- the target material is exposed to the laser pulses of the pulse sequence by means of the at least one primary laser beam.
- a single primary laser beam can be provided to which the laser pulses of the pulse sequence are assigned.
- this primary laser beam is then formed by coaxial superposition of several laser beams, each of which provides one or more laser pulses of the pulse sequence.
- the primary laser beams then run at a distance from one another and/or approach the target area from different directions.
- One or more laser pulses of the pulse sequence are then assigned to the different primary laser beams.
- the at least one primary laser beam is focused in the target area, with a focus of the primary laser beam being positioned in the target material and/or on the target material and/or in an area of the target material.
- the highest possible radiation intensity can be provided in the focus, which can be brought into interaction with the target material.
- the focus of the at least one primary laser beam has in particular a diameter in the range of 2.5 pm to 30 pm and preferably in the range of 3 pm to 15 pm.
- the target material is preferably in a liquid state.
- the target material is or comprises a low-melting metal.
- the target material is or comprises gallium, indium, tin, zinc, lithium, bismuth or lead, or an alloy which comprises one or more of the materials mentioned.
- target material is continuously fed and/or conveyed into the target area.
- fresh target material is continuously available in the target area, which can be brought into interaction with the pulse sequence to generate secondary radiation.
- secondary radiation can be continuously generated.
- the target material passes through the target area as a material stream and in particular as a liquid material stream.
- the target material passes through the target area at a certain speed and/or conveying rate.
- the material flow can be continuous, e.g. in the form of a jet, or it can have interruptions, e.g. in the form of successive drops.
- a flow direction of the material flow is oriented in particular parallel to the direction of gravity.
- the flow direction is oriented transversely or perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the laser pulses of the pulse sequence and/or perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of at least one primary laser beam to which the laser pulses of the pulse sequence are assigned.
- a flow velocity of the target material in the target area oriented parallel to the flow direction is between 60 m/s and 120 m/s.
- the pulse sequence of laser pulses is repeatedly provided anew and introduced into the target area, whereby target material newly introduced into the target area is each time exposed to a newly provided pulse sequence of laser pulses. This allows secondary radiation to be generated continuously.
- the pulse sequence of laser pulses is provided anew at temporal intervals and in particular at regular temporal intervals.
- the laser system mentioned at the outset comprises a laser device which is designed to provide a pulse sequence of laser pulses, wherein the pulse sequence has a pre-pulse and a main pulse following the pre-pulse, a pulse energy of the pre-pulse is between 2 pJ and 200 pJ and a pulse duration of the pre-pulse is between 200 fs and 5 ps, a pulse energy of the main pulse is between 2 mJ and 50 mJ and a pulse duration of the main pulse is between 15 fs and 300 fs, and wherein a temporal pulse interval between the pre-pulse and the main pulse is between 1 ps and 1 ns, wherein the laser system is configured to apply the pulse sequence of laser pulses to a target material in a target area, wherein secondary radiation is generated by interaction of the target material with the pulse sequence.
- the laser system according to the invention has in particular one or more further features and/or advantages of the method according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the laser system have already been explained in connection with the method.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out in particular by means of the laser system according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention is carried out by means of the laser system according to the invention.
- the laser device is used to provide at least one primary laser beam to which the laser pulses of the pulse sequence are assigned, the at least one primary laser beam being directed at the target material located in the target area.
- the at least one primary laser beam has the laser pulses of the pulse sequence with which the target material is applied.
- the laser device comprises in particular one or more laser sources for providing the laser pulses of the pulse sequence.
- a respective laser source is used to provide a primary laser beam with laser pulses of a specific type and/or specific properties.
- the respective primary laser beams which are provided by different laser beam sources, are superimposed to form a resulting primary laser beam and in particular are superimposed coaxially, wherein the laser pulses of the pulse sequence are assigned to the resulting primary laser beam.
- the laser system comprises a focusing optics for focusing the at least one primary laser beam into a focus, wherein the focus is positioned in the target area in the target material and/or on the target material and/or in a region of the target material.
- the laser system has a control device for controlling and/or regulating a beam length of the at least one primary laser beam.
- the control device is preferably designed to control or regulate a position of the at least one primary laser beam and in particular its focus within the target area and/or an impact position of the primary laser beam on the target material within the target area.
- the laser system comprises the target area and/or the target material.
- diameters of laser beams and/or focus diameters are generally defined using the method of second moments according to ISO 11146-3.
- Pulse durations are defined in particular using the half-width of the deconvolved autocorrelation.
- the statement "at least approximately” is generally understood to mean a deviation of no more than 10%, i.e. that an actual value deviates from an ideal value by no more than 10%.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a laser system
- Fig. 2 shows a first example for the generation of secondary radiation, whereby an indentation is created in the target material by means of a pulse train of pre-pulses; and Fig. 3 shows another example of the generation of secondary radiation, whereby nanoparticles are generated in the area of the surface of the material by means of a pre-pulse.
- the laser system 100 comprises a laser device 102, by means of which at least one pulsed primary laser beam 104 is provided during operation of the laser system 100.
- This primary laser beam 104 is directed onto a target material 106, wherein secondary radiation 108 is generated by interaction of the primary laser beam 104 with the target material 106.
- the target material 106 is or comprises, for example, gallium, indium, tin, zinc, lithium, bismuth or alloys of these metals.
- the laser device 102 is designed to provide the pulsed primary laser beam 104 with laser pulses 112 that have different properties and pulse spacing.
- the laser device 102 comprises, for example, several laser sources 110, each of which generates pulsed laser beams with different properties.
- the respective pulsed laser beams of these laser sources 110 are coaxially superimposed in the example shown in order to form the pulsed primary laser beam 104 emerging from the laser device 102.
- the laser device 102 comprises, for example, a first laser source 110a, which provides a first pulsed primary laser beam 104a with laser pulses 112a, a second laser source 110b, which provides a second pulsed primary laser beam 104b with laser pulses 112b, and a third laser source 110c, which provides a third pulsed primary laser beam 104c with laser pulses 112c.
- the first primary laser beam 104a, second primary laser beam 104b and third primary laser beam 104c emerging from the laser device 102 are coaxially superimposed in the example shown and in particular have the same beam path after emerging from the laser device 102.
- the primary laser beam 104 is thus formed from the first primary laser beam 104a, second primary laser beam 104b and third primary laser beam 104c or comprises the first primary laser beam 104a, second primary laser beam 104b and third primary laser beam 104c.
- the different primary laser beams 104a, 104b, 104c it is also possible in principle for the different primary laser beams 104a, 104b, 104c to have different beam paths after exiting the laser device 102 and/or to run at a distance from one another before they hit the target material 106. In this case, in particular, there is no coaxial superposition of the different primary laser beams 104a, 104b, 104c.
- a respective laser source 110 comprises, for example, a seed laser 114 for generating seed laser pulses and an amplification device 116 which generates the respective laser pulses 112a, 112b, 112c of the primary laser beams 104a, 104b, 104c by amplifying the seed laser pulses (indicated at the laser source 110a in Fig. 1).
- the amplification device 116 may comprise simple amplifiers, regenerative amplifiers and/or multipass amplifiers.
- the amplification device 116 may comprise fiber, rod, rod-type fiber, disk, slab, multislab and/or plate amplifiers.
- laser sources 110 it is also possible, for example, for several or all existing laser sources 110 to be assigned a common amplification device 116. In particular, several or all laser sources 110 then use the same amplification device 116. In this case, for example, the laser pulses generated by different seed lasers 114 of the laser sources 110 are amplified by means of the same amplification device 116 in order to form the respective laser pulses 112a, 112b, 112c of the primary laser beams 104a, 104b, 104c.
- the laser device 102 is designed to couple out the laser pulses 112 provided by the different laser sources 110 with a defined temporal sequence and/or a defined temporal offset in order to apply the laser pulses 112 to the target material 106 in this temporal sequence or with this defined temporal offset.
- These laser pulses 112 form a pulse sequence 118 with which the target material 106 is applied to generate secondary radiation 108.
- the laser radiation associated with the laser pulses 112 has, for example, a wavelength of e.g. 10 pm, 3 pm, 515 nm or 343 nm.
- the laser device 102 comprises one or more optical modulators 120 and/or optical switches.
- a modulator 120 is assigned to each of the different laser sources 110 of the laser device 102.
- laser pulses 112 are selected for coupling out of the laser device 102 and/or time intervals between the coupled out laser pulses are set using the respective modulator 120.
- the optical modulator 120 can be designed, for example, as an acousto-optical modulator and/or as an electro-optical modulator.
- the modulators 120 are each arranged after a specific laser beam source 110. It is also possible in principle for the modulators 120 to be integrated into a specific laser beam source 110 and to be arranged there, for example, between the seed laser 114 and the amplifier 116.
- a specific temporal sequence and/or a specific temporal offset between the coupled-out laser pulses 112 can be realized by a defined path length difference and/or runtime difference, which the individual laser pulses 112 have starting from the respective Laser source 110 until the target material 106 is reached.
- the formation of the path length difference can be realized, for example, via electronic and/or optical delay lines (not shown), wherein a delay line can be inserted into the respective beam path of one or more of the existing primary laser beams 104a, 104b, 104c.
- Optical delay lines can basically be designed as free beam or fiber-based.
- the laser system 100 has a target area 122 in which the target material 106 is arranged in order to apply the primary laser beam 104 to it and to cause it to interact with its laser pulses 112. It is essential that target material 106 is continuously fed into the target area 122 so that fresh target material 106, which in particular has not yet been applied to the primary laser beam 104, is always available for generating secondary radiation 108. This enables a continuous generation of secondary radiation 108 during operation of the laser system 100.
- the pulsed primary laser beam 104 directed at the target material 106 is focused into a focus 123, wherein the focus 123 is arranged in the target area 122 in and/or on the target material 106.
- a focusing optics 124 can be provided.
- the target region 122 is understood to be a stationary region of the laser system 100 into which the target material 106 is coupled and/or into which the primary laser beam 104 is introduced in order to interact with the target material 106.
- the target area 122 is preferably positioned in a fluid-tight and/or gas-tight chamber 126.
- a negative pressure and/or a vacuum and/or a gas atmosphere with a defined composition is formed in comparison to the environment.
- a pressure within the chamber is between 10 mbar and 500 mbar.
- the gas disposed in chamber 126 is or comprises hydrogen and/or helium.
- the laser system 100 can have a feed device 128.
- target material 106 can be continuously provided by means of the feed device 128, which passes through the target area 122 at a certain speed and/or conveying rate.
- the target material 106 is provided by means of the feed device 126 as a liquid material flow which passes through the target area 122.
- This material flow is preferably in the form of a jet and in particular in the form of a continuous and/or uninterrupted jet.
- the material flow can also be in the form of successive and/or spaced-apart droplets.
- the feed device 126 has, for example, a nozzle 128 by means of which the target material 106 is dispensed accordingly.
- the direction of gravity is oriented in the negative y-direction, so that target material 106 delivered by the feed device 126 passes through the target area 122 in the direction of gravity (i.e. in the negative y-direction or from top to bottom).
- the target material 106 passes through the target area 122 at a speed between 60 m/s and 120 m/s.
- the liquid material flow of the target material 106 provided by the feed device 126 can be in the form of a film which is formed on a suitable material surface (not shown) and passes through the target area 122.
- the feed device 126 can comprise, for example, a movable mechanism (not shown), such as a rotating wheel, a rotating drum, a rotating ball or a moving belt, on the surface of which the film is formed.
- the laser system 100 has a control device 132 for controlling and/or regulating a beam length of the primary laser beam 104.
- This control device 132 is designed in particular to control or regulate a position of the primary laser beam 104 and in particular its focus 123 within the target area 122 and/or an impact position 134 of the primary laser beam 104 on the target material 106 within the target area 122.
- the control device 132 For spatially displacing the primary laser beam 104, the control device 132 comprises a beam deflection device 136.
- This can, for example, have movable mirror elements, acousto-optical deflectors and/or electro-optical deflectors in order to realize the displacement.
- control device 132 can have a detection device 138 which is designed to detect a local position of a specific feature, wherein the feature is arranged or formed on or in the region of the target material 106.
- the feature is a geometric feature formed on the target material 106, such as an indentation (see below).
- the detection device 138 can comprise a camera in order to detect the feature, for example by means of image recognition.
- the beam deflection device 136 is then configured to control and/or regulate the displacement of the primary laser beam 104 by means of the beam deflection device 136 on the basis of the information provided by the detection device 138.
- the detection device 138 is connected to the beam deflection device 136 in a signal-effective manner.
- the Laser System 100 works as follows:
- a pulse sequence 118 is provided by means of the laser device 102 and is brought into interaction with target material 106 located in the target area 122 in order to generate secondary radiation 108.
- Target material 106 is continuously fed into the target area 106 by means of the feed device 128, so that fresh target material 106 is always available there, which passes through the target area 122 in particular in the form of a liquid jet (in the examples shown, the target material 106 passes through the target area 122 parallel to the direction of gravity or in the negative y-direction).
- a specific spatial region of the target material 106 conveyed through the target region 122 is subjected to a defined pulse sequence 118.
- the target material 106 interacts in this spatial region in particular with all laser pulses 112 of the pulse sequence 118.
- the laser device 102 emits in particular a further pulse sequence 118, which is then brought into interaction with a further spatial region of subsequently conveyed target material 106, etc. In this way, the process for generating the secondary radiation 106 can be continued continuously.
- a temporal sequence of laser pulses 112a, 112b striking the target material 106 is shown, which are assigned to a pulse sequence 118a.
- the target material 106 flows parallel to a flow direction 140 through the target area 122.
- the primary laser beam 104 having the laser pulses 112a, 112b or its focus 123 strike the target material 106 in a specific spatial region 142.
- This spatial region 142 is to be understood as a spatial region that is stationary with respect to the target material 106, which is assigned to the target material 106 and moves with the target material 106 in the direction of flow.
- the pulse sequence 118a comprises a pulse train 144 made up of two or more first laser pulses 112a and a further laser pulse 112b following the pulse train 144.
- the first laser pulses 112a are also referred to as pre-pulses and the further laser pulse 112b as the main pulse of the pulse sequence 118a.
- the focus 123 of the primary laser beam 104 has a diameter in the range of 2.5 pm to 30 pm.
- the intensity of the primary laser beam 104 in the focus 123 is in particular between 10 16 W/cm 2 and 10 19 W/cm 2 .
- First laser pulses 112a are thus understood to be laser pulses 112 of a first type and/or with first pulse properties
- second laser pulses 112b are understood to be laser pulses of a second type and/or with second pulse properties
- third laser pulses 112c are understood to be laser pulses 112 of a third type and/or with third pulse properties.
- the pulse train 144 is to be understood in particular as a "burst" of first laser pulses 112a.
- the pulse train 144 has at least two and in particular at least 20 and in particular at least 100 first laser pulses 112a.
- a temporal pulse spacing ti between successive first laser pulses 112a within the pulse train 144 is between 100 ps and 100 ns and preferably between 200 ps and 0.5 ns.
- the temporal pulse spacing ti between all existing adjacent first laser pulses 112a of the pulse train 144 is at least approximately the same.
- a total t g temporal length of the pulse train 144 from first laser pulses 112a is between 1 ns and 10 ps.
- a total energy of the pulse train 144 is, for example, between 0.8 mJ and 1.2 mJ.
- the total energy of the pulse train 144 is the sum of the pulse energies of all the first laser pulses 112a assigned to the pulse train 144.
- all first laser pulses 112a assigned to the pulse train 144 have at least approximately the same pulse energy.
- a temporal pulse interval tz between the pulse train 144 and the second laser pulse 112b is between 10 ps and 1 ps.
- the temporal pulse interval tz is to be understood as the temporal interval between a last first laser pulse 112'a of the pulse train 144 and the second laser pulse 112b.
- the second laser pulse 112b follows the pulse train 144, i.e. the first laser pulses 112a of the pulse train 144 first hit the target material 106 and then the second laser pulse 112b.
- a pulse duration td of the second laser pulse 112b is, for example, between 25 fs and 50 fs.
- a pulse energy of the second laser pulse 112b is, for example, between 8 mJ and 12 mJ.
- the first laser pulses 112a are provided, for example, by means of the first laser source 110a.
- the first laser source 110a is then designed to provide first laser pulses 112a with the properties mentioned.
- the second laser pulses 112b are provided, for example, by means of the second laser source 110b, which is then designed to provide second laser pulses 112b with the properties mentioned.
- the described pulse sequence 118a which includes first and second laser pulses 112a and 112b, can be formed, for example, by means of the optical modulators 120.
- the optical modulators 120 are used, for example, as "pulse pickers" and select the laser pulses provided by the respective laser sources 110a, 110b accordingly to form the pulse sequence 118a.
- Fig. 2b shows the target material 106 after interaction of several first laser pulses 112a of the pulse train 144, ie the pulse sequence 118a has already been partially brought into interaction with the target material 106 and/or absorbed by the target material 106.
- Pre-pulsing causes the formation of an indentation 146 in the target material 106, wherein this indentation is positioned in the region 142 of the target material 106 in which the interaction with the first laser pulses 112a took place.
- the indentation 146 is designed in particular as a "cup” or “dimple”. It is also possible in principle for the indentation 146 to be toroidal and/or annular trench-shaped.
- the interaction of the first laser pulses 112a of the pulse train 114 causes material removal by evaporation and/or melt expulsion.
- the indentation 146 is formed on a surface 148 and/or outside of the target material 106, which is struck by the primary laser beam 104 or its laser pulses 112a, 112b.
- This surface 148 forms in particular a boundary surface of the target material 106, which in the examples shown is present as a liquid material flow in the form of a jet.
- a depth direction 150 of the indentation 146 is oriented at least approximately parallel to the propagation direction of the primary laser beam 104 (indicated by the arrow of the primary laser beam 104) and/or at least approximately perpendicular to the flow direction 140 of the target material 106.
- a maximum depth of the indentation 146 oriented parallel to the depth direction 150 with respect to the surrounding surface 148 is, for example, between 5 pm and 150 pm, in particular between 10 pm and 50 pm.
- a maximum spatial extent and/or a maximum diameter of the indentation 146 is, for example, between 5 pm and 30 pm.
- Fig. 2c shows the interaction of the second laser pulse 112b or main pulse with the target material 106 at the formed indentation 146. This interaction generates secondary radiation 108, wherein the generation of secondary radiation can be particularly efficient due to the formed indentation 146.
- the indentation is conical and/or parabolic.
- the geometric shape of the indentation 146 can result in a concentration of the radiation intensity of the incident main pulse, as described, for example, in the scientific publication "Development of a bright MeV photon source with compound parabolic concentrator targets on the National Ignition Facility Radiographic Capability (NIF-ARC) laser" by Kerr et al, Phys. Plasmas 30, 013101 described.
- NIF-ARC National Ignition Facility Radiographic Capability
- the pulse sequence 118a to comprise a plurality of second laser pulses 112b to generate secondary radiation 108.
- a further pulse sequence 118a is generated, which is brought into interaction with a new spatial region of subsequently fed target material 106, etc. In this way, secondary radiation 108 is continuously generated.
- all laser pulses 112a, 112b of the respective pulse sequence 118a interact with the target material 106 in the same spatial region 142.
- This second laser pulse 112b interacts with the target material 106 in the spatial region 142 in which the indentation 146 is formed.
- a movement speed of the laser pulses 112a, 112b in the direction of the target material 106 is much greater than its flow speed, so that all laser pulses interact with the target material 106 approximately in the same spatial region 142.
- the impact position 134 of the primary laser beam 104 on the target material 106 is adjusted by means of the control device 132 so that it remains constant in particular between the formation of the indentation 146 and the impact of the second laser pulse 112b.
- a spatial position of the formed indentation 146 is determined by means of the detection device 138 and, based on this, the beam position of the primary laser beam 104 is adjusted by means of the beam deflection device 136.
- the target material 106 is subjected to a pulse sequence 118b which comprises a third laser pulse 112c and a second laser pulse 112b following the third laser pulse 112c.
- a pulse duration td2 of the third laser pulse 112c is, for example, between 800 fs and 1.5 ps.
- a pulse energy of the third laser pulse 112c is, for example, between 10 pJ and 20 pJ.
- a temporal pulse interval tz2 between the third laser pulse 112c and the second laser pulse 112b is, for example, between 10 ps and 100 ps.
- third laser pulses 112c is carried out, for example, by means of the third laser source 110c.
- the third laser source 110c is then designed to provide third laser pulses 112c with the properties mentioned.
- the second laser pulse 112b has the properties mentioned above in connection with the example according to Fig. 2a to 2c. It is fundamentally possible for the pulse sequence 118b to have several second laser pulses 112b.
- the interaction of the third laser pulse 112c with the target material 106 causes a formation of nanoparticles 152 on the surface 148 of the target material 106, wherein the nanoparticles 152 are positioned in that spatial region 142 on the surface 148 in which the target material 106 is exposed to the primary laser beam 104 and the target material 106 interacts with the third laser pulse 112c.
- the third laser pulse 112c is referred to as the pre-pulse and the second laser pulse 112b as the main pulse of the pulse sequence 118b.
- the average diameter of the nanoparticles 152 is between 10 nm and 100 nm.
- third laser pulses 112c are provided to generate the nanoparticles 152 or that a pulse train consisting of several third laser pulses 112c is provided.
- Fig. 3c shows the interaction of the second laser pulse 112b with the target material 106 in the spatial region 142 of the formed nanoparticles 152, whereby secondary radiation 108 is generated by this interaction. Due to the presence of nanoparticles 152, secondary radiation 108 can be generated particularly efficiently by means of the second laser pulse 112b.
- plasmonic resonances can occur, which cause a particularly good absorption of the radiation of the main pulse in the electron gas of the target material 106 and in particular a particularly efficient increase in the electron temperature in the electron gas.
- a movement speed of the laser pulses 112c, 112b in the direction of the target material 106 is much greater than its flow speed, so that all laser pulses interact with the target material 106 approximately in the same spatial region 142.
- the impact position 134 of the primary laser beam 104 on the target material 106 is adjusted by means of the control device 132 so that it remains constant, in particular between the formation of the nanoparticles 152 and the impact of the second laser pulse 112b.
- a spatial position of the formed nanoparticles 152 is determined by means of the detection device 138 and, based on this, the beam position of the primary laser beam 104 is adjusted by means of the beam deflection device 136.
- the pulse sequence 118 is then designed such that its interaction with the target material 106 in a specific spatial region 142 initially produces an indentation 146 and then nanoparticles 152 are produced in this spatial region 142.
- the secondary radiation 108 is then produced by the interaction of a main pulse in this region 142.
- the pulse sequence 114 comprises, for example, the pulse train 144 of first laser pulses 112a described above, the third laser pulse 112c described above (cf. Fig. 1) or a pulse train as third laser pulses 112c and the second laser pulse 112b described above.
- the pulse train 144 of first laser pulses 112a is arranged in time before the third laser pulse 112c or the pulse train of third laser pulses 112c and the third laser pulse 112c or the pulse train of third laser pulses 112c is arranged in time before the second laser pulse (ie the pulse train 144 of first laser pulses 112a hits the target material 106 first, then the third laser pulse 112c or the pulse train of third laser pulses 112c and finally the second laser pulse 112b).
- a time interval between the pulse train 144 of first laser pulses 112a, the third laser pulse 112c or pulse train of third laser pulses 112c and the second laser pulse 112b is in particular between 1 ps and 500 ns.
- in particular incoherent X-rays can be generated particularly efficiently as secondary radiation 108.
- Beam deflection device Detection device Flow direction Spatial area Pulse train Indentation Surface Depth direction Nanoparticles
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023107701.5A DE102023107701A1 (de) | 2023-03-27 | 2023-03-27 | Verfahren und Lasersystem zur Erzeugung von Sekundärstrahlung |
| PCT/EP2024/058145 WO2024200461A1 (de) | 2023-03-27 | 2024-03-26 | Verfahren und lasersystem zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4691187A1 true EP4691187A1 (de) | 2026-02-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP24715538.5A Pending EP4691187A1 (de) | 2023-03-27 | 2024-03-26 | Verfahren und lasersystem zur erzeugung von sekundärstrahlung |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260020133A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4691187A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120883729A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023107701A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024200461A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9265136B2 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2016-02-16 | Gigaphoton Inc. | System and method for generating extreme ultraviolet light |
| US9072153B2 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2015-06-30 | Gigaphoton Inc. | Extreme ultraviolet light generation system utilizing a pre-pulse to create a diffused dome shaped target |
| DE102012217120A1 (de) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-27 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | EUV-Strahlungserzeugungsvorrichtung und Betriebsverfahren dafür |
| WO2018029759A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-15 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | 極端紫外光生成方法 |
| US11324103B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2022-05-03 | Research Instruments Corporation | Modular laser-produced plasma X-ray system |
| US10506698B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2019-12-10 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | EUV source generation method and related system |
| DE102017218456B3 (de) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-11-22 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf E.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Ionenpulsen sowie deren Verwendung |
| EP3816721A1 (de) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-05 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur effizienten erzeugung von hohen oberschwingungen |
| CN111326947B (zh) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-05-25 | 上海交通大学 | 激光等离子体光学装置及产生超短超强中红外脉冲的方法 |
| EP4087373B1 (de) * | 2021-05-03 | 2026-01-07 | UAB Light Conversion | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung kurzwelliger strahlung |
-
2023
- 2023-03-27 DE DE102023107701.5A patent/DE102023107701A1/de active Pending
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2024
- 2024-03-26 EP EP24715538.5A patent/EP4691187A1/de active Pending
- 2024-03-26 WO PCT/EP2024/058145 patent/WO2024200461A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-03-26 CN CN202480022273.8A patent/CN120883729A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023107701A1 (de) | 2024-10-02 |
| WO2024200461A1 (de) | 2024-10-03 |
| CN120883729A (zh) | 2025-10-31 |
| US20260020133A1 (en) | 2026-01-15 |
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