Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
  • H02H3/17—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass by means of an auxiliary voltage injected into the installation to be protected
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
  • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
  • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
  • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
  • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
  • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
  • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electronic component intended to be mounted on a vehicle.
• a component provides, for example, the electrical power supply to a vehicle electrical energy storage unit, and is also called a “charger” for this electrical energy storage unit.
• the electrical energy storage unit is, for example, a battery, which may have a nominal voltage greater than 60V, for example greater than or equal to 300V, 400V, 800V, or even 1000V.
• This component comprises, in a known example:
• an inverter/rectifier receiving an alternating voltage as input and providing a direct voltage as output
• DC/DC converter located downstream of the inverter/rectifier and connected to the electrical energy storage unit.
• the invention aims to meet this need and achieves this, according to one of its aspects, using an electronic component for charging an electrical energy storage unit, comprising:
• the inverter/rectifier being arranged in series between the connector and the DC/DC converter, the component comprising a device for detecting an insulation fault between the earth and at least one of the neutral and one phase of the alternating voltage, this device comprising:
• an impedance in particular a measuring resistor, arranged between the input and the output, detection of an insulation fault being carried out as a function of the value of an electrical quantity associated with this impedance.
• the presence of such an insulation fault detection device allows the electronic component to operate in reverse mode, with a load or the electrical network then being supplied from the electrical energy storage unit. Insulation fault detection ensures the safety of users in contact with the load or the electrical network.
• the load can be any, including in particular the energy storage unit of another vehicle according to a so-called V2V (“vehicle to vehicle” in English) configuration or any equipment of a home or premises.
• the neutral and earth are preferably isolated.
• its chassis is for example earthed and the insulation distance and creepage distances from the chassis can then comply with the IEC 60664-4 standard.
• the phase(s) of the alternating voltage are also isolated from earth.
• the insulation distance and creepage distances of this or these phases from the chassis are for example compliant with the IEC 60664-4 standard.
• the insulation fault detection device comprises, for example, a determination system determining the value of the electrical quantity associated with the impedance, for example the voltage across this impedance or the current flowing in this impedance. This determination is made, for example, by a measurement.
• the insulation fault detection device may comprise a controllable switch, configured to interrupt the flow of current between the input and the impedance.
• this switch allows when it is open that there is no loss of current through the insulation fault detection device.
• This controllable switch is for example an electrotechnical relay.
• the invention is however not limited to such an example, other switches being possible, for example a static relay based on optical couplers and/or MOS transistor and/or IGBT transistor.
• the electrical quantity associated with the impedance is, for example, the voltage across the impedance.
• this electrical quantity is, for example, the current flowing in this impedance.
• the impedance is for example arranged relative to the input and output of the insulation fault detection device so that the voltage across the impedance is obtained from the voltage between the input and output of the insulation fault detection device by voltage divider bridge.
• the determination system may include:
• Such a determination system makes it possible to use a signal generated on the basis of the voltage at the second frequency to detect an insulation fault. Indeed, when the controllable switch is closed, the flow of a current is allowed through the impedance between the neutral of the alternating voltage and the earth. In such a case, if an insulation fault between a phase and the earth exists, a fault resistance then exists between this phase and the earth. The phase-neutral voltage for this phase at the first frequency, as well as the voltage generated by the generator of the insulation fault detection device at the second frequency, are then applied to the impedance and to this fault resistance.
• the amplification stage of the insulation fault detection device determination system may implement differential amplification, and/or the filtering stage may implement a low-pass filter.
• the differential amplification makes it easier to process the voltage at the second frequency.
• the filter stage is for example a low-pass filter whose cut-off frequency can be 50 Hz. Any other cut-off frequency value allowing the component which is at the first frequency in the voltage across the impedance to be filtered is possible.
• the component may comprise a processing unit configured to deduce from the determined voltage value at least one of:
• This processing unit may belong to the insulation fault detection device, for example to the determination system, or be a processing unit separate from this device.
• This processing unit is for example integrated into the inverter/rectifier control.
• this processing unit is for example integrated into a transmission control module (called "TCU” in English), or into a vehicle control module (called “VCU” in English).
• the processing unit is for example configured to deduce from the voltage value measured at the terminals of the impedance at least one of:
• the threshold value is for example 500'Q/V, as prescribed by the GBT 184874 -20XX standard.
• the ratio between the first frequency and the second frequency may be greater than 5, in particular greater than 10.
• the first frequency is for example equal to 50Hz or 60Hz
• the second frequency may be between 1Hz and 5Hz, being in particular equal to 2Hz.
• the voltage supplied by the generator of the insulation fault detection device may have an amplitude of a few V, for example a voltage between 0 and 5V. It may be a sinusoidal voltage.
• the component may comprise an alternating current filtering stage, this filtering stage being arranged in series between the connector and the inverter/rectifier.
• This filtering stage allows, for example, when the alternating voltage is polyphase, a filtering of the common mode current and/or a filtering of the differential current.
• the input of the insulation fault detection device may be arranged in series between the filter stage and the inverter/rectifier.
• the input of the insulation fault detection device may be arranged in series between the filter stage and the connector.
• the network voltage may be polyphase, including three-phase. This voltage may have a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz and an effective value of 230V or 240V. Alternatively, the network voltage may be single-phase.
• the electrical energy storage unit is, for example, a battery, which may have a nominal voltage greater than 60V, for example greater than or equal to 300V, 400V, 800V, or even 1000V.
• the impedance to which the determination system is associated can be a resistor.
• Other embodiments are possible, such as an inductance or a capacitor.
• the inverter/rectifier and the device for detecting an insulation fault between earth and at least one of the neutral and one phase of the alternating voltage may be contained in the same housing of the component.
• the inverter/rectifier and the device for detecting an insulation fault are, for example, permanently physically integral with each other within the component, unlike the case where the insulation fault detection device would be housed in an interconnector between the component and the electrical network, this interconnector then being electrically connected to the component only when the component exchanges electrical energy with the electrical network.
• the insulation fault detection device is for example carried in whole or in part by one of the component's cards, for example by the power card of the inverter/rectifier of the component and/or by the control card of this inverter/rectifier.
• the electronic component may comprise, in the same housing or not, an inverter/rectifier and a DC/DC converter.
• the DC/DC converter has, for example, galvanic isolation, in particular via a transformer such as a three-phase transformer.
• the device for detecting an insulation fault is, for example, mounted on the inverter/rectifier, and it may be received against the internal wall of the housing.
• the housing may have two zones of different heights, one of these zones accommodating the inverter/rectifier and the other of these zones accommodating the DC/DC converter.
• the insulation fault detection device can then be accommodated in an outgrowth of the highest zone.
• the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method for detecting an insulation fault between the earth and at least one of the neutral and one phase of the alternating voltage circulating in an electronic component comprising:
• a device for detecting an insulation fault comprising:
• an impedance in particular a measuring resistor, arranged between the input and the output, detection of an insulation fault being carried out as a function of the value of an electrical quantity associated with this impedance.
• the insulation fault detection device may comprise a controllable switch, in particular an electrotechnical relay, configured to interrupt the flow of current between the input and the resistor, and this switch may be controlled so that it is closed as long as the current flows from the electrical energy storage unit to the connector.
• a controllable switch in particular an electrotechnical relay, configured to interrupt the flow of current between the input and the resistor, and this switch may be controlled so that it is closed as long as the current flows from the electrical energy storage unit to the connector.
• the inverter/rectifier can be controlled as an inverter, so that the electrical grid or the load is supplied with alternating voltage from the component.
• FIG.l represents an electronic component providing the electrical power supply to a vehicle electrical energy storage unit
• FIG.2 represents a part of the electronic component of figure 1, also comprising a device for detecting an insulation fault according to an exemplary implementation of the invention
• FIG.3 is a modeling of the component of figure 2 in the event of an insulation fault between a phase of the alternating voltage and the earth
• FIG.4 is a model of the component of figure 2 in the event of an insulation fault between the neutral of the alternating voltage and the earth,
• FIG.5 is a view of Figure 2 in which an exemplary embodiment of the measuring system of the insulation fault detection device is shown.
• FIG.6 structurally represents an electronic component with its housing.
• FIG 1 shows an electronic component 2 for charging an electrical energy storage unit 4.
• This electronic component 2 comprises:
• a connector 5 capable of being connected to an electrical network supplying an alternating voltage
• the inverter/rectifier 6 is here arranged in series between the connector 5 and the DC/DC converter 8.
• the electrical energy storage unit 4 is here a battery used for the electrical power supply of an electric vehicle propulsion machine.
• This battery has for example a nominal voltage greater than 60V, in particular 300V, in particular 400V, in particular 800V, or even 1000V.
• the electrical network is, for example, a three-phase network carrying a voltage at a first frequency which is 50Hz or 60Hz and whose effective value is 230V or 240V.
• a filtering stage 10 of the alternating current can be provided, this filtering stage 10 being here arranged in series between the connector 5 and the inverter/rectifier 6.
• This filtering stage 10 allows for example, when the alternating voltage is polyphase, a filtering of the common mode current and/or a filtering of the differential current.
• another direct current filtering stage 11 may be present, then being arranged in series between the direct current/direct current converter 8 and the electrical energy storage unit 4, as shown in FIG. 1.
• the DC/DC converter 8 is for example a resonant converter, for example of the CLLC type.
• the component 2 comprises a device for detecting an insulation fault 1 between at least one of:
• the insulation fault detection device 1 has an input 12 which can be connected to the alternating voltage between the filter stage 10 and the inverter/rectifier 6 or which can be connected to the alternating voltage between the connector 5 and the filter stage 10.
• the connection of the insulation fault detection device is made between the connector 5 and the filter stage 10.
• the detection device 1 makes it possible to detect an insulation fault between the earth and the neutral N, or an insulation fault between a phase L1, L2, L3 of the alternating voltage and the earth.
• This detection device 1 also comprises an output 15 connected to the earth, an impedance 16, which is in this specific example a measuring resistor, and it here comprises a system 18 for determining the voltage across this measuring resistor 16.
• the detection device 1 also comprises a generator 19 providing an alternating voltage at a second frequency, for example 2 Hz, and the amplitude of which may be of the order of a few V, for example 3 V.
• the electronic component 2 further comprises a processing unit 20 implementing one or more microcontrollers.
• This processing unit 20 may be integrated into the detection device 1 and dedicated to the latter. Where appropriate, this processing unit is confused with the determination system 18.
• the processing unit 20 belongs to a centralized control of the vehicle, also called “VCU”, or to a control of the inverter/rectifier 6.
• the device 1 comprises, in addition to the aforementioned elements, an electronic switch 25, which is here a relay, and its control circuit 26.
• a resistor 29 is connected in series between the switch 25 and the measuring resistor 16, this resistor 29 defining with the measuring resistor 16 a voltage divider bridge type assembly.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively model the case of an insulation fault between phase L1 and earth, and the case of an insulation fault between neutral N and earth.
• Figure 3 corresponds to the case where an insulation fault exists between phase L1 and earth.
• relay 25 When relay 25 is closed, current flows via input 12 through resistors 29 and 16 while a fault resistor 30 models the insulation fault between phase L1 and earth.
• phase-neutral voltage VI for phase L1 at the first frequency is then applied to resistors 16, 29 and 30.
• the voltage at the second frequency supplied by the generator 19 is also applied to these resistors 16, 29 and 30.
• the determination system 18 receives as input the voltage applied to the terminals of the measuring resistor 16. This voltage here comprises a component at the first frequency and at the second frequency.
• the determination system 18 may comprise:
• the voltage value determined by the determination system 18 is then used to detect whether or not there is an insulation fault between one of the phases of the network and the earth. This detection can be carried out by the determination system 18 or by the unit processing 20, and it may consist in comparing the value processed by the determination system from the voltage at the second frequency to a predefined value corresponding to an absence of such an insulation fault.
• Detection may consist in determining, on the basis of the value processed by the determination system from the voltage at the second frequency, the value of the impedance between the neutral and the earth or the value of the impedance between the phase and the earth. By comparing this impedance value and a threshold, for example 500Q/V, it can be determined whether or not an insulation fault exists. Thus, when the impedance value between the neutral and the earth or between the phase and the earth is lower than this threshold, an insulation fault is detected.
• a threshold for example 500Q/V
• Figure 4 corresponds to the case where an insulation fault exists between neutral N and earth.
• relay 25 When relay 25 is closed, current flows via input 12 through resistors 29 and 16 while a fault resistor 31 models the insulation fault between neutral N and earth.
• the value processed by the determination system 18 from the voltage at the second frequency is then used to detect whether or not there is an insulation fault between one of the phases of the network and the earth.
• Figure 5 shows a more precise embodiment of the detection device 1 whose operation has been described previously. It can be seen in particular that the determination system 18 uses several operational amplifiers to perform differential amplification according to 30 on the one hand, and low-pass filtering according to 31 on the other hand.
• the low-pass filter used has, for example, a cut-off frequency of 50 Hz.
• the measuring resistor 16 has for example a value of 5 k'Q and the other resistors used can have any value between Ik'Q and I MQ.
• R7, R8, RIO, Rll RI 8, RI 9, R20 have a value of lOOk'Q
• - R21 has a value of 166k'Q
• - R22 and R24 have a value of 300k'Q
• the component 2 of FIG. 1 is for example contained in the same housing 100, as shown in FIG. 6.
• This housing 100 may have a stepped bottom wall 101, this bottom wall 101 having two flat portions 102 and 103 parallel to each other and offset from each other.
• the device 1 which has just been described is for example received in a protrusion 104 extending from the highest portion 102 encroaching on the lowest portion 103.
• the filtering stage 10 and the inverter/rectifier 6 of FIG. 1 are for example arranged in the part of the housing 100 containing the flat portion 102 while the DC/DC converter 8 is arranged in the part of the housing 100 containing the flat portion 103.
• the invention is not limited to the example which has just been described. Realizations of the impedance 16 other than via a resistor are for example possible.
• the alternating voltage is single-phase.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
• Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=87036349

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Country Status (4)

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Family Cites Families (4)

• 2023
  • 2023-03-24 FR FR2302840A patent/FR3147055A1/fr active Pending
• 2024
  • 2024-02-22 WO PCT/EP2024/054589 patent/WO2024199839A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2024-02-22 EP EP24707037.8A patent/EP4690404A1/de active Pending
  • 2024-02-22 CN CN202480021202.6A patent/CN121039915A/zh active Pending

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