EP4687156A1

EP4687156A1 - Winding arrangement, transformer, and method of manufacturing a winding arrangement of a transformer

Info

Publication number: EP4687156A1
Application number: EP24382837.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dario Martin DIAZ MEZA; Antonio Nogues Barrieras; Juan MAORAD VIDEGAIN; Carlos Manuel ROY MARTIN; Rafael MURILLO JASO
Original assignee: Hitachi Energy Ltd
Current assignee: Hitachi Energy Ltd
Priority date: 2024-07-30
Filing date: 2024-07-30
Publication date: 2026-02-04
Also published as: WO2026027113A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a winding arrangement (10) of a transformer (100), including at least one first winding (14) wound about at least one winding axis (16) and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core (102) of the transformer (100) and at least one second winding (22) wound at least partially about the first winding (14). The second winding (22) has a variable distance (30) from the first winding (14) along a length (32) of the second winding (22) which extends along the winding axis (16). The distance (30) between the first winding (14) and the second winding (22) is the smallest at a center or middle section (40) of the length (32) of the second winding (22).

The present invention further relates to a transformer (100) and a method of manufacturing a winding arrangement (10) of a transformer (100).

Description

Transformers are widely used to convert electricity from a first voltage level to a second voltage level, the second voltage level being either higher or lower than the first voltage level.
Transformers may comprise a winding arrangement which includes one or more windings, e.g., one or more primary windings and one or more secondary windings. One or more of the windings may be connected in series or in parallel.
The transformers, in particular the winding arrangements of the transformers, known from the prior art have been developed for many years and include various different configurations. However, there is a need for improvement with respect to various aspects of the transformers, in particular the winding arrangements of the transformers, known from the prior art.
For example, there is a need to increase the compactness and/or to reduce the size of the transformer, in particular the winding arrangement and/or the core of the transformer.
Moreover, there is also a need to improve one or more operating characteristics, in particular the impedance and/or the efficiency and/or the core induction, of the transformer.
Furthermore, there is also a need to improve the cost-efficiency of the manufacturing and/or the operation of the transformer.
Hence, deficiencies remain with respect to the transformers known from the prior art. The prior art has not, or at least not sufficiently, addressed one or more of the disadvantages mentioned above.
Hence, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved transformer, in particular by at least partially improving one or more of the above-mentioned disadvantages.
This object is achieved by a winding arrangement of and/or for a transformer defined by the features of claim 1. Variations and further developments are defined by the features of the dependent claims.
The winding arrangement may include at least one first winding wound about at least one winding axis and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core of the transformer. The winding arrangement may include at least one second winding wound at least partially about the first winding. The first and the second winding may be spaced from each other by a distance or gap, in particular a radial gap. The gap may extend circumferentially, e.g., about the winding axis. The first winding and the second winding may be made of an electrically conductive material.
The second winding may have a variable distance from the first winding along a length of the second winding and/or along a direction which extends along the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. In other words, as mentioned above, a gap, e.g., a radial gap, may be defined between the first winding and the second winding, the gap preferably having a width which extends from the first winding to the second winding and which varies in the direction which extends along the winding axis and/or the longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. This may allow to selectively vary the distance between the first winding and the second winding which may allow the distance between the first winding and the second winding to be individually reduced or minimized in one or more first sections along the first winding and the second winding, in particular without necessarily reducing or minimizing the distance in one or more second sections to the same extent as in the one or more first sections, e.g., since reducing the distance in the one or more second sections to the same extent as in the one or more first sections may be disadvantageous and/or detrimental. This may allow the distance between the first winding and the second winding to be individually tailored to different sections along the first winding and the second winding. For instance, reducing the distance or the gap between the first winding and second winding at the upper end and/or lower end of the winding arrangement to a first value may be disadvantageous, e.g., due to one or more dielectric requirements at the upper end and lower end of the winding, whereas reducing the distance or the gap between the first winding and second winding at a center or middle section between the upper end and lower end of the winding to the first value may be advantageous or less disadvantageous than at the upper end and lower end of the winding arrangement, e.g., since dielectric stresses may not be as large at the center or middle section than at the upper end and lower end of the winding arrangement. Hence, for instance, a first value of the distance or gap may be chosen for the upper end and/or the lower end of the winding arrangement and a second value, which is lower than the first value, may be chosen for the center or middle section between the upper end and lower end of the winding arrangement. Thus, providing a variable distance or gap between the first winding and the second winding along the length of the second winding and/or along the direction which extends along the winding axis and/or the longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer may strike a balance between reducing the gap or distance between the first winding and the second winding, e.g., to provide a more compact winding arrangement, e.g., by reducing empty spaces or gaps between the first winding and the second winding to increase the space efficiency, i.e., the efficient use of space, of the winding arrangement and thus the transformer, and to reduce the costs, e.g., manufacturing costs and/or operating costs, of the winding arrangement, and minimizing potential adverse effects, e.g., dielectric stress, of reducing the gap or distance.
The distance between the first winding and the second winding may be the smallest at a center or middle section of a length of the second winding and/or at a section or location of the second winding. Preferably, a centerline of the first winding and/or the second winding extends through the center or middle section. The centerline may extend substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. The inventors have discovered that the upper end and/or the lower end may be more sensitive and/or vulnerable to dielectric stresses than the center or middle section of the winding, in particular when reducing the distance or gap between the first winding and the second winding. Hence, the inventors have discovered that sizing the distance or the gap (between the first winding and second winding) at the center or middle section to be smaller than at the upper end and/or the lower end of the winding may minimize dielectric stresses while increasing the compactness of the winding arrangement. This may improve a balance between reducing the gap or distance between the first winding and the second winding, e.g., to provide a more compact winding arrangement and to reduce the costs, e.g., manufacturing costs and/or operating costs, of the winding arrangement, and minimizing potential adverse effects, e.g., dielectric stress, of a reduction of the gap or distance between the first winding and the second winding.
Furthermore, the winding arrangement described herein may improve one or more operating characteristics, in particular the impedance and/or the efficiency and/or core induction, of the transformer. For instance, reducing the gap or distance between the first winding and the second winding along at least a section of the first winding and the second winding may decrease an impedance of the transformer. Moreover, for instance, this may allow more turns of the first winding and/or the second winding to be added to the winding arrangement, in particular for a given size of the winding arrangement. This may reduce core induction of the transformer, which in turn may allow a size, in particular a cross-section, of the core to be reduced.
The distance between the first winding and the second winding may be determined between an inner side face of the second winding and an outer side face of the first winding. In other words, the distance may correspond to a width of the gap between the first winding and the second winding. The gap may be at least partially filled, e.g., by one or more dielectric barrier elements, as described further below.
Optionally, the second winding may have at least one inner side face which faces the first winding and/or at least one outer side face which faces away from the first winding. Optionally, at least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face may be angled towards the first winding. Configuring the winding arrangement such that at least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding is/are angled towards the first winding may allow the winding arrangement, and thus the transformer, to be more compact, e.g., by reducing one or more outer dimensions of the winding arrangement and/or by reducing empty spaces or gaps, e.g., between the first winding and the second winding, in particular by angling the inner side face of the second winding towards the first winding. In other words, the winding arrangement described herein may increase the space efficiency, i.e., the efficient use of space, of the winding arrangement, and thus the transformer.
Preferably, the outer side face and the inner side face extend parallel or substantially parallel to each other. For instance, a cross-sectional area of the second winding may be substantially rectangular-shaped. Alternatively, the outer side face and the inner side face may extend non-parallel to each other. For instance, a cross-sectional area of the second winding may be tapered, e.g., in a direction which is substantially parallel to a winding axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or to a longitudinal axis of the transformer, when the winding arrangement is operably mounted in the transformer.
At least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face may be angled towards the first winding by a constant angle or by a varying angle. The section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face angled towards the first winding may be substantially straight or curved.
The inner side face is understood as the inner-most, in particular in radial direction, side face of the second winding. In case the second winding is discontinuous and/or interrupted at the inner side, in particular in radial direction, of the second winding, e.g., in case the second winding is a helical winding, the inner side face is an imaginary plane which connects the inner-most points of the second winding, e.g., of each turn of the second winding, at the inner side of the second winding. The outer side face is understood as the outer-most, in particular in radial direction, side face of the second winding. In case the second winding is discontinuous and/or interrupted at the outer side, in particular in radial direction, of the second winding, e.g., in case the second winding is a helical winding, the outer side face is an imaginary plane which connects the outer-most points of the second winding, e.g., of each turn of the second winding, at the outer side of the second winding.
Within the context of the present disclosure, when features or configurations of the winding arrangements are defined with reference to the transformer or a component of the transformer which is not part of the winding arrangement, the respective feature or configuration refers to a state in which the winding arrangement is mounted in the transformer and the transformer is in an operable state, e.g., a position and orientation in which the transformer is generally operated.
The inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding may be at least partially continuous, e.g., straight, bent, curved, etc., and/or at least partially discontinuous, e.g., stepped.
At least a section, preferably at least two sections, of the second winding may be conical-shaped. Preferably, at least two sections which are inverted and/or rotated by 180° with respect to each other are conical-shaped. The at least two sections may be connected at a center and/or a centerline of the winding arrangement, in particular of the first winding and the second winding, the centerline extending substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or longitudinal axis.
The inner side face and/or the outer side face may extend circumferentially, preferably in a ring-like or semiring-like manner, preferably about the winding axis and/or the longitudinal axis of the transformer.
The first winding may have at least one inner side face, e.g., which faces the core of the transformer and/or which faces away from the second winding, and/or at least one outer side face which faces the second winding. At least a section of the outer side face of the first winding may be angled towards the second winding. Alternatively, or additionally, at least a section of the inner side face of the first winding may be angled towards the second winding and/or the core of the transformer when the winding arrangement is operably mounted in the transformer. The inner side face and/or the outer side face of the first winding may be parallel or substantially parallel to each other. Alternatively, the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the first winding may be non-parallel to each other. The inner side face and/or the outer side face of the first winding may extend substantially along and/or parallel to the winding axis of the first winding and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the transformer, when the winding arrangement is operably mounted in the transformer.
The inner side face and/or the outer side face of the first winding may be at least partially continuous, e.g., straight, bent, curved, etc., and/or at least partially discontinuous, e.g., stepped.
The winding arrangement may be a winding arrangement of or for a dry-type transformer. Alternatively, the winding arrangement may be a winding arrangement of or for a liquid-immersed transformer.
The first winding and/or the second winding may be at least partially encased in an electrically insulating material, e.g., an epoxy resin. The first winding and/or the second winding may be completely encased in an electrically insulating material, e.g., an epoxy resin, except for one or more electrical connections for electrically connecting one or more devices to the first winding and/or the second winding.
The first winding and/or the second winding may each include a plurality of winding portions. The winding portions may be electrically interconnected. The winding portions may be arranged and/or interconnected in series or parallel.
The first winding and the second winding may be coaxial, e.g., the winding axis of the first winding and the winding axis of the second winding and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and a longitudinal axis of the second winding may be the same, i.e., may coincide.
The first winding may be a low-voltage winding and the second winding may be a high-voltage winding or vice versa.
Preferably, at least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding with respect to a direction which extends from a top side of the winding towards a bottom side of the winding and/or with respect to a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the winding.
Preferably, an upper portion of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding, with respect to a direction which extends from a top side of the winding towards a bottom side of the winding, and a lower portion of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding, with respect to a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the winding. This may result in a diabolic or hourglass shape of the first winding.
Preferably, the second winding is mirror symmetric, in particular with respect to a line, preferably a centerline, of the second winding. The line, preferably the centerline, may extend substantially perpendicular to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
Preferably, the first winding is a low voltage winding and the second winding is a high voltage winding.
Preferably, the first winding has at least one outer side face which faces the second winding and at least one inner side face which faces away from the second winding and/or which faces the core. The outer side face and the inner side face of the first winding may be substantially parallel to each other and/or to the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. Alternatively, or additionally, the first winding extends substantially straight and/or substantially parallel to the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
Preferably, the second winding is distanced from the first winding by a smallest distance at a first location of the second winding and the second winding is distanced from the first winding by a largest distance at a second location of the second winding which is different from the first location, the largest distance being larger than the smallest distance. The smallest distance may be the absolute smallest distance between the first winding and the second winding along the length of the winding arrangement and/or the second winding, the length preferably extending along the winding axis and/or the longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. The largest distance may be the absolute largest distance between the first winding and the second winding along the length of the winding arrangement and/or the second winding, the length preferably extending along the winding axis and/or the longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
Preferably, a ratio of the smallest distance to the largest distance is in a range from 0.1 to 0.9, preferably from 0.3 to 0.9. The inventors have discovered that the range(s) defined above may strike a balance between minimizing dielectric stress, increasing the compactness of the winding arrangement, and facilitating manufacturability of the winding arrangement.
Preferably, the first location is arranged at a center of a length of the second winding and/or at a centerline of the first winding and/or the second winding. Preferably, the centerline extends substantially perpendicular to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. The second location may be arranged at a top section or top end and/or a bottom section or bottom end of the winding arrangement, in particular of the first winding and/or the second winding.
Preferably, the second winding and/or the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding has/have at least one straight section which is substantially straight and/or extends parallel to the first winding and/or parallel to the winding axis and/or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. Preferably, the straight section is a middle section of the second winding.
Preferably, the straight section is arranged:

at a center or middle section of a length of the second winding;
and/or
such that a centerline of the first winding and/or the second winding extends through the straight section, the centerline preferably extending substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.

The straight section may interconnect the upper section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding and the lower section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding.
Preferably, at least a section of the second winding, preferably an outer contour and/or an outer circumference of the second winding, is tapered in a direction which extends from a top side of the second winding towards a bottom side of the winding and/or in a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the second winding.
Preferably, the second winding, preferably an outer contour and/or an outer circumference of the second winding, is tapered along a first section of the second winding, in a direction which extends from a top side of the winding towards a bottom side of the second winding. Alternatively, or additionally, the second winding, preferably an outer contour of the second winding, may be tapered along a second section of the second winding, in a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the second winding.
Preferably, the second winding includes at least two winding portions. Preferably, the winding portions are at least partially separated from each other by at least one gap. The winding portions may be configured as half windings. The centerline may extend through the gap. A first winding portion of the winding portions may be an upper winding portion and a second winding portion of the winding portions may be a lower winding portion. The gap may extend along or parallel to the winding axis and/or the longitudinal axis of the winding arrangement and/or the transformer between the first winding portion and the second winding portion.
Preferably, an inner side face and/or an outer side face of a first winding portion of the winding portions and an inner side face and/or an outer side face of a second winding portion of the winding portions are angled towards the first winding. The inner side face and/or the outer side face of the first winding portion and the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding portion may be angled towards the first winding in or with respect to different directions, preferably in opposite directions, preferably in opposite directions along the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer, and/or by different angles.
Preferably, the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding at an angle of at least 2.5°, preferably at least 5°, preferably at least 7.5°, preferably at least 10°, preferably at least 12.5°, preferably at least 15°, preferably at least 17.5°, preferably at least 20°, preferably at least 22.5°, preferably at least 25°, preferably at least 27.5°, preferably at least 30°.
Preferably, the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding at an angle of no more than 2.5°, preferably no more than 5°, preferably no more than 7.5°, preferably no more than 10°, preferably no more than 12.5°, preferably no more than 15°, preferably no more than 17.5°, preferably no more than 20°, preferably no more than 22.5°, preferably no more than 25°, preferably no more than 27.5°, preferably no more than 30°.
Preferably, the winding arrangement further includes at least one dielectric barrier element arranged at least partially between the first winding and the second winding. The dielectric barrier element may be at least partially made of a solid dielectric material. The dielectric barrier element may provide a dielectric barrier between the first winding and the second winding, e.g., to prevent undesired interaction and/or coupling between the first winding and the second winding or at least (further) reduce the risk thereof.
Preferably, at least one gap is defined in the barrier element. Preferably, the gap is arranged such that at least a section of the first winding and/or the second winding is received within the gap.
Preferably, the winding arrangement includes a plurality of the at least one dielectric barrier element arranged at least partially between the first winding and the second winding. Preferably, the dielectric barrier elements are configured as ring-shaped or semi-ring-shaped elements.
The dielectric barrier elements may have varying lengths which extend along the winding axis. In other others, the length of one or more of the dielectric barrier elements may differ from the length of further one or more of the dielectric barrier elements.
At least one dielectric barrier element of the dielectric barrier elements may define at least one gap within the respective dielectric barrier element and/or at least one gap may be defined between adjacent dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements. The gap may be configured to at least partially receive the first winding and/or the second winding. Preferably, the dielectric barrier element is configured such that a section of the first winding and/or a section of the second winding is received within the gap. Preferably, a distance between the first winding and the second winding is the smallest (in particular when the distance between the first winding and the second winding varies) at the section of the first winding and/or the section of the second winding received within the gap. This may allow the function and/or benefits of the dielectric barrier elements to be enhanced and/or maximized, in particular in view of a configuration in which the distance between the first winding and the second winding varies, as described herein.
One or more first dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements may be arranged at least partially within one or more second dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements. On other words, the dielectric barrier elements may have a nestled configuration. The first dielectric barrier elements and the second dielectric barrier elements may overlap each other only partially, in particular based on a perspective from a lateral side of the winding arrangement and/or perpendicularly to the winding axis. At least some of the barrier elements may be arranged in series at least partially along the winding axis and/or the length of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer. Alternatively, or additionally, at least some of the barrier elements may be arranged in series at least partially in a direction which extends from the first winding to the second winding and/or a direction which extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
The present disclosure also relates to a transformer including at least one core and at least one winding arrangement according to any of the embodiments described herein. The winding arrangement may be arranged at least partially about the core. The features, embodiments, and advantages, as detailed herein with respect to the winding arrangement, apply to the transformer accordingly.
The object mentioned at the beginning is also achieved by a method of manufacturing a winding arrangement of a transformer, preferably the winding arrangement according to any of the embodiments described herein. The features, embodiments, and advantages, as detailed herein with respect to the winding arrangement, apply to the method accordingly.
The steps of the method described herein are not limited to a particular sequence and may be performed in any technically feasible sequence.
The method may include:
providing at least one first winding wound about at least one winding axis and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core of the transformer.
The method may include:
providing at least one second winding at least partially about the first winding.
The second winding may have a variable distance from the first winding along a length of the second winding which extends along the winding axis.
The distance between the first winding and the second winding may be the smallest at a center or middle section of the length of the second winding.
The second winding may have at least one inner side face which faces the first winding and/or at least one outer side face which faces away from the first winding.
At least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding.
The following list of aspects provides preferred embodiments of the present disclosure:

1. A winding arrangement of a transformer, including:
- at least one first winding wound about at least one winding axis and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core of the transformer;
- at least one second winding wound at least partially about the first winding;
- preferably wherein the first winding and/or the second winding has at least one inner side face which faces the first winding or the second winding, respectively, and at least one outer side face which faces away from the first winding or the second winding, respectively,
- preferably wherein at least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding or the second winding, respectively.
2. The winding arrangement according to aspect 1, wherein the second winding has a variable distance from the first winding, preferably along a length of the second winding and/or along a direction which extends along the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
3. The winding arrangement according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the distance between the first winding and the second winding is the smallest at a center or middle section of a length of the second winding and/or at a section or location of the second winding through which a centerline of the first winding and/or the second winding extends, wherein the centerline preferably extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
4. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein at least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding, preferably with respect to a direction which extends from a top side of the winding towards a bottom side of the winding and/or with respect to a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the winding.
5. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein an upper portion of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding, preferably with respect to a direction which extends from a top side of the winding towards a bottom side of the winding, and a lower portion of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding, preferably with respect to a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the winding.
6. The winding arrangement according to aspect 5, wherein the second winding is mirror symmetric, in particular with respect to a line, preferably a centerline, of the second winding, the line, preferably the centerline, preferably extending substantially perpendicular to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
7. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first winding is a low voltage winding and the second winding is a high voltage winding.
8. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first winding:
- has at least one outer side face which faces second winding and at least one inner side face which faces away from the second winding, wherein the outer side face and the inner side face of the first winding are substantially parallel to each other and/or to the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer;
  and/or
- extends substantially straight and/or substantially parallel to the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
9. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second winding is distanced from the first winding by a smallest distance at a first location of the second winding and the second winding is distanced from the first winding by a largest distance at a second location of the second winding which is different from the first location, the largest distance being larger than the smallest distance.
10. The winding arrangement according to aspect 9, wherein a ratio of the smallest distance to the largest distance is in a range from 0.1 to 0.9, preferably from 0.3 to 0.9.
11. The winding arrangement according to aspect 9 or 10, wherein the first location is arranged at a center or middle section of a length of the second winding and/or at a centerline of the first winding and/or the second winding, preferably wherein the centerline extends substantially perpendicular to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
12. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second winding and/or the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding has/have at least one straight section which is substantially straight and/or extends parallel or substantially parallel to the first winding and/or parallel to the winding axis and/or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
13. The winding arrangement according to aspect 12, wherein the straight section is arranged:
- at a center or middle section of a length of the second winding;
  and/or
- such that a centerline of the first winding and/or the second winding extends through the straight section, preferably wherein the centerline extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
14. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein at least a section of the second winding, preferably an outer contour and/or an outer circumference of the second winding, is tapered in a direction which extends from a top side of the second winding towards a bottom side of the winding and/or in a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the second winding.
15. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second winding, preferably an outer contour and/or an outer circumference of the second winding, is tapered along a first section of the second winding, in a direction which extends from a top side of the winding towards a bottom side of the second winding, and the second winding, preferably an outer contour of the second winding, is tapered along a second section of the second winding, in a direction which extends from a bottom side of the winding towards a top side of the second winding.
16. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second winding includes at least two winding portions, preferably wherein the winding portions are at least partially separated from each other by at least one gap.
17. The winding arrangement according to aspect 16, wherein an inner side face and/or an outer side face of a first winding portion of the winding portions and an inner side face and/or an outer side face of a second winding portion of the winding portions are angled towards the first winding, preferably wherein the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the first winding portion and the inner side face and/or the outer side face of the second winding portion are angled towards the first winding in different directions, preferably in opposite directions, preferably in opposite directions along the winding axis and/or to a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer, and/or by different angles.
18. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding at an angle of at least 2.5°, preferably at least 5°, preferably at least 7.5°, preferably at least 10°, preferably at least 12.5°, preferably at least 15°, preferably at least 17.5°, preferably at least 20°, preferably at least 22.5°, preferably at least 25°, preferably at least 27.5°, preferably at least 30°.
19. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding at an angle of no more than 2.5°, preferably no more than 5°, preferably no more than 7.5°, preferably no more than 10°, preferably no more than 12.5°, preferably no more than 15°, preferably no more than 17.5°, preferably no more than 20°, preferably no more than 22.5°, preferably no more than 25°, preferably no more than 27.5°, preferably no more than 30°.
20. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, further including at least one dielectric barrier element arranged at least partially between the first winding and the second winding.
21. The winding arrangement according to aspect 20, wherein at least one gap is defined in the barrier element.
22. The winding arrangement according to aspect 21, wherein the gap is arranged:
- such that at least a section of the second winding is received within the gap, preferably wherein the section of the second winding received within the gap has a smallest distance from the first winding;
  and/or
- adjacent to a section of the second winding which has a smallest distance from the first winding wherein at least one gap is defined in the barrier element.
23. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the winding arrangement includes a plurality of dielectric barrier elements arranged at least partially between the first winding and the second winding, preferably wherein the dielectric barrier elements are configured as ring-shaped or semi-ring-shaped elements,
wherein:
- the dielectric barrier elements have varying lengths which extend along the winding axis;
  and/or
- at least one dielectric barrier element of the dielectric barrier elements defines at least one gap within the respective dielectric barrier element and/or at least one gap is defined between adjacent dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements, preferably wherein the gap is configured to at least partially receive the first winding and/or the second winding;
  and/or
- one or more first dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements are arranged at least partially within one or more second dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements, wherein the first dielectric barrier elements and the second dielectric barrier elements overlap each other only partially.
24. The winding arrangement according to aspect 23, wherein:
- at least some of the barrier elements are arranged in series at least partially along the winding axis and/or the length of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer;
  and/or
- at least some of the barrier elements are arranged in series at least partially in a direction which extends from the first winding to the second winding and/or a direction which extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding and/or the second winding and/or the transformer.
25. The winding arrangement according to any of aspects 22 to 24, wherein the dielectric barrier element is configured such that a section of the first winding and/or a section of the second winding is received within the gap, preferably wherein a distance between the first winding and the second winding is the smallest the section of the first winding and/or the section of the second winding received within the gap
26. The winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second winding is diabolo or hourglass shaped.
27. A transformer including at least one core and at least one winding arrangement according to any of the preceding aspects arranged at least partially about the core.
28. A method of manufacturing a winding arrangement of a transformer, preferably the winding arrangement according to any of aspects 1 to 26, the method including:
- providing at least one first winding wound about at least one winding axis and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core of the transformer;
- providing at least one second winding at least partially about the first winding;
- preferably wherein the second winding has at least one inner side face which faces the first winding and at least one outer side face which faces away from the first winding,
- preferably wherein at least a section of the inner side face and/or the outer side face is/are angled towards the first winding.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are further elucidated below with reference to the figures. The described embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the present invention, as defined by the claims and their respective equivalents.

Fig. 1: shows, in a schematic and cross-sectional view, a winding arrangement of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2: shows, in a schematic and cross-sectional view, a winding arrangement of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3: shows, in a schematic and cross-sectional view, a winding arrangement of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4: shows, in a schematic and cross-sectional view, a winding arrangement of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 5: shows, in a schematic side view, a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 6: shows, in a schematic side view, a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figs. 1 to 4 schematically show, in cross-sectional views, embodiments of a winding arrangement 10 of or for a transformer 100 (see Figs. 5 and 6). The winding arrangement 10 may include at least one first winding 14 wound about at least one winding axis 16 and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core 102 of the transformer 100. The winding arrangement 10 may include at least one second winding 22 wound at least partially about the first winding 14. The first winding 14 may be a low voltage winding and the second winding 22 may be a high voltage winding. The cross-section of the winding arrangement 10 in Figs. 1 to 4 extends along and/or parallel to the winding axis 16. The first winding 14 and the second winding 22 may be coaxial, e.g., the winding axis 16 of the first winding 14 and the winding axis 16 of the second winding 22 and/or a longitudinal axis of the first winding 14 and a longitudinal axis of the second winding 22 may be the same, i.e., may coincide.
The second winding 22 may have at least one inner side face 26 which faces the first winding 14 and at least one outer side face 28 which faces away from the first winding 14. At least a section of the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 may be angled towards the first winding 14. In Figs. 1 to 4, at least a section of both the inner side face 26 and the outer side face 28 is angled towards the first winding 14. However, this is only an example. Alternatively, one of the inner side face 26 and the outer side face 28 may not be angled towards the first winding 14. Instead, the inner side face 26 or the outer side face 28 may extend substantially parallel to the first winding 14.
The inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22 may be angled towards the first winding 14 at an angle 80 of at least 2.5°, preferably at least 5°, preferably at least 7.5°, preferably at least 10°, preferably at least 12.5°, preferably at least 15°, preferably at least 17.5°, preferably at least 20°, preferably at least 22.5°, preferably at least 25°, preferably at least 27.5°, preferably at least 30°. Alternatively, or additionally, the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22 may be angled towards the first winding 14 at an angle 80 of no more than 2.5°, preferably no more than 5°, preferably no more than 7.5°, preferably no more than 10°, preferably no more than 12.5°, preferably no more than 15°, preferably no more than 17.5°, preferably no more than 20°, preferably no more than 22.5°, preferably no more than 25°, preferably no more than 27.5°, preferably no more than 30°. The angle 80 is indicated in Figs. 1 to 4 only with respect to the outer side face 28 in an exemplary. The inner side face 26 may also be angled towards the first winding 14 at the angle 80, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, without the angle 80 being explicitly indicated in Figs. 1 to 4. For clarity reasons, when the angle 80 is 0°, the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22 is/are not angled towards the first winding but rather would extend substantially parallel to the first winding.
The winding assembly 10 and/or the transformer 100 may have a longitudinal axis 36. The longitudinal axis 36 may coincide with the winding axis 16, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4.
The inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22 may extend, continuously or discontinuously, circumferentially about the winding axis 16 and/or the longitudinal axis 36.
The first winding 14 may have at least one inner side face 27, which faces the winding axis 16 and/or the core 102 of the transformer 100 and/or which faces away from the second winding 22, and at least one outer side face 29 which faces the second winding 22. The inner side face 27 and/or the outer side face 29 of the first winding 14 may extend, continuously or discontinuously, circumferentially about the winding axis 16.
The first winding 14 and the second winding 22 may be spaced from each other by a distance or gap 30, in particular a radial gap 30. The distance 30 may vary or may be variable along a length 32 of the winding arrangement 10, in particular of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22, and/or along a direction 34, 56 which extends along the winding axis 16 and/or the longitudinal axis 36 of the winding arrangement 10
The distance 30 between the first winding 14 and the second winding 22 may be the smallest at a center or middle section 40 of the length 32 of the second winding 22 and/or at a section or location of the second winding 22 through which a centerline 42, in particular a horizontally extending centerline 42, of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 extends. The centerline 42 may extend substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis 16 and/or to the longitudinal axis 36.
The second winding 22 may be distanced from the first winding 14 by a smallest distance 44 at a first location 46 of the second winding 22 and the second winding 22 may be distanced from the first winding 14 by a largest distance 48 at a second location 50 of the second winding 22 which is different from the first location 46. A ratio of the smallest distance 44 to the largest distance 48 may be in a range from 0.1 to 0.9, preferably from 0.3 to 0.9. The first location 46 may be the center or middle section 40 of the length 32 of the second winding 22 and/or the centerline 42 may extend through the first location 46. The second location 50 may be an upper end, an upper section, or a top side 52 and/or a lower end, a lower section, or a bottom side 54 of the winding assembly 10, more specifically of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22.
At least a section of the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22 may be angled towards the first winding 14 with respect to a direction 34 which extends from the top side 52 of the winding arrangement 10 towards the bottom side 54 of the winding and/or with respect to a direction 56 which extends from the bottom side 54 of the winding arrangement 10 towards the top side 52 of the winding arrangement 10. In particular, an upper section 60 of the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 may be angled towards the first winding 14, with respect to the direction 34 which extends from the top side 52 of the winding arrangement 10 towards the bottom side 54 of the winding arrangement 10, and a lower section 62 of the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 may be angled towards the first winding 14, with respect to a direction 56 which extends from the bottom side 54 of the winding arrangement 10 towards the top side 52 of the winding arrangement 10.
The second winding 22 may be mirror symmetric, in particular with respect to a line 42, preferably the centerline 42, of the second winding 22. The line 42, preferably the centerline 42, may extend substantially perpendicular to the winding axis 16 and/or to a longitudinal axis 36.
As shown in Fig. 2, the second winding 22, in particular the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22, may have at least one straight section 64 which is substantially straight and/or extends parallel to the first winding 14 and/or parallel to the winding axis 16 and/or parallel to the longitudinal axis 36.
The straight section 64 may be arranged at the center or middle section 40 of the length 32 of the second winding 22 and/or such that the centerline 42 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 extends through the straight section 64.
The straight section 64 may interconnect the upper section 60 of the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22 and the lower section 62 of the inner side face 26 and/or the outer side face 28 of the second winding 22. The straight section 64 may extend along at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, of the length 32 of the winding arrangement 10, in particular of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22.
As shown in Fig. 3, the second winding 22 may include at least two winding portions 70, 72. The winding portions 70, 72 may be at least partially separated from each other by at least one gap 74. The centerline 42 may extend through the gap 74, preferably through a center of the gap 74. The inner side face 26A and/or the outer side face 28A of a first winding portion 70 of the winding portions 70, 72 and the inner side face 26B and/or the outer side face 28B of a second winding portion 72 of the winding portions 70, 72 may be angled towards the first winding 14. The inner side face 26A and/or the outer side face 28A of the first winding portion 70 and the inner side face 26B and/or the outer side face 28B of the second winding portion 72 may be angled towards the first winding 14 in different directions, preferably in opposite directions, in particular in opposite directions along the winding axis 16 and/or to a longitudinal axis 36 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 and/or the transformer 100, and/or by different angles. The inner side face 26A and/or the outer side face 28A of the first winding portion 70 may be angled towards the first winding 14 with respect to the direction 34 which extends from the top side 52 of the winding arrangement 10 towards the bottom side 54 of the winding and the inner side face 26B and/or the outer side face 28B of the second winding portion 72 may be angled towards the first winding 14 with respect to the direction 56 which extends from the bottom side 54 of the winding arrangement 10 towards the top side 52 of the winding arrangement 10.
The winding arrangement 10 may include at least one dielectric barrier element 90. Preferably, the winding arrangement 10 includes a plurality of dielectric barrier elements 90A-90C, as shown in Fig. 4. The dielectric barrier elements(s) 90 may be arranged at least partially between the first winding 14 and the second winding 22, e.g., at least partially within the gap 30 (see, e.g., Figs. 1 and 2). One or more or the dielectric barrier element(s) 90 may be configured as ring-shaped or semi-ring-shaped elements. The dielectric barrier element(s) 90 may extend, preferably annularly or semi-annularly, at least partially about the first winding 14.
The dielectric barrier elements 90 may have varying lengths 94 which extend along the winding axis 16. In other others, the length 94 of one or more of the dielectric barrier elements may differ from the length of further one or more of the dielectric barrier elements 90.
At least one gap 92 may be defined between adjacent dielectric barrier elements 90C of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements 90. The adjacent dielectric barrier elements 90C may be arranged in series at least partially along the winding axis 16 and/or the length 32 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 and/or the longitudinal axis 36 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 and/or the transformer 100. Alternatively, or additionally, at least one dielectric barrier element 90 of the dielectric barrier elements 90 may define at least one gap 92 within the respective dielectric barrier element 90.
One or more first dielectric barrier elements 90 of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements may be arranged at least partially within one or more second dielectric barrier elements of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements 90. For instance, the dielectric barrier element 90B may be arranged at least partially within the dielectric barrier element(s) 90C and the dielectric barrier element 90A may be arranged at least partially within the dielectric barrier element 90B.
At least some of the dielectric barrier elements 90, e.g., the dielectric barrier elements 90A, 90B, and 90C, may be spaced apart from each other in a radial direction, with respect to the winding axis 16, and/or substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis 16. At least some of the dielectric barrier elements 90, e.g., the dielectric barrier elements 90C, may be spaced apart from each other in an axial direction and/or along the winding axis 16 and/or the longitudinal axis 36.
At least some of the barrier elements 90, e.g., the dielectric barrier elements 90C, may be arranged in series at least partially along the winding axis 16 and/or the length 32 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 and/or a longitudinal axis 36 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 and/or the transformer 100. Alternatively, or additionally, at least some of the barrier elements 90, e.g., the dielectric barrier elements 90A, 90B, and 90C, may be arranged in series at least partially in a direction which extends from the first winding 14 to the second winding 22 and/or a direction which extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis 16 and/or the longitudinal axis 36 of the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22 and/or the transformer 100.
The embodiments of any of Figs. 1 to 4 may be combined. Alternatively, each embodiment of any of Figs. 1 to 4 may be implemented individually.
Figs. 5 and 6 show the transformer 100 which includes the core 102. At least one winding arrangement, e.g., the winding arrangement 10 of any of Figs. 1 to 4, may be arranged at least partially about the core 102.
The winding arrangement 10, e.g., the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22, may be at least partially encased in an electrically insulating material 110, e.g., an epoxy resin. The winding arrangement 10, e.g., the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22, may be completely encased in the electrically insulating material 110, e.g., an epoxy resin, except for one or more electrical connections (not shown) for electrically connecting one or more devices to the winding arrangement 10, e.g., the first winding 14 and/or the second winding 22.
As shown in Fig. 5, an outer contour 112 of the transformer 100, in particular the electrically insulating material 110, may extend substantially straight and/or parallel to the winding axis 16 and/or the longitudinal axis 36. In particular, the outer contour 112 of the transformer 100, in particular the electrically insulating material 110, may be substantially cylindrical-shaped. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 6, the outer contour 112 of the transformer 100, in particular the electrically insulating material 110, may be tapered in at least one direction, in particular towards a center 114 of the transformer 100 and/or the centerline 42. In particular, the outer contour 112 of the transformer 100, in particular the electrically insulating material 110, may be diabolo-shaped or hourglass-shaped.

Claims

A winding arrangement (10) of a transformer (100), including:
at least one first winding (14) wound about at least one winding axis (16) and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core (102) of the transformer (100);

at least one second winding (22) wound at least partially about the first winding (14);

wherein the second winding (22) has a variable distance (30) from the first winding (14) along a length (32) of the second winding (22) which extends along the winding axis (16);

wherein the distance (30) between the first winding (14) and the second winding (22) is the smallest at a center or middle section (40) of the length (32) of the second winding (22).
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 1, wherein the second winding (22) is mirror symmetric, in particular with respect to a line (42), preferably a centerline (42), of the second winding (22), the line (42), preferably the centerline (42), preferably extending substantially perpendicular to the winding axis (16) and/or to a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100).
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second winding (22) has at least one inner side face (26) which faces the first winding (14) and at least one outer side face (28) which faces away from the first winding (14), wherein at least a section of the inner side face (26) and/or the outer side face (28) is/are angled towards the first winding (14), optionally wherein at least a section of the inner side face (26) and/or the outer side face (28) is/are angled towards the first winding (14) with respect to a direction (34) which extends from a top side (52) of the winding arrangement (10) towards a bottom side (54) of the winding and/or with respect to a direction (56) which extends from a bottom side (54) of the winding arrangement (10) towards a top side (52) of the winding arrangement (10).
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 3, wherein an upper section (60, 70) of the inner side face (26) and/or the outer side face (28) is/are angled towards the first winding (14), with respect to a direction (34) which extends from a top side (52) of the winding assembly (10) towards a bottom side (54) of the winding arrangement (10), and a lower section (62, 72) of the inner side face (26) and/or the outer side face (28) is/are angled towards the first winding (14), with respect to a direction (56) which extends from a bottom side (54) of the winding arrangement (10) towards a top side (52) of the winding arrangement (10).
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first winding (14):
has at least one outer side face (29) which faces the second winding (22) and at least one inner side face (27) which faces the core (102) and/or away from the second winding (22), wherein the outer side face (29) and the inner side face (27) of the first winding (14) are substantially parallel to each other and/or to the winding axis (16) and/or a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100);
and/or

extends substantially straight and/or substantially parallel to the winding axis (16) and/or a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100).
The winding arrangement (10) according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the second winding (22) and/or the inner side face (26) and/or the outer side face (28) of the second winding (22) has/have at least one straight section (64) which is substantially straight and/or extends parallel to the first winding (14) and/or parallel to the winding axis (16) and/or parallel to a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100).
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 6, wherein the straight section (64) is arranged:
at a center or middle section (40) of a length (32) of the second winding (22);
and/or

such that a centerline (42) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) extends through the straight section (64), wherein the centerline (42) extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis (16) and/or to a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100).
The winding arrangement (10) according to any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the second winding (22) includes at least two winding portions (70, 72), preferably wherein the winding portions (70, 72) are at least partially separated from each other by at least one gap (74), wherein the inner side face (26A) and/or the outer side face (28A) of a first winding portion (70) of the winding portions and the inner side face (26B) and/or the outer side face 28B) of a second winding portion (72) of the winding portions is/are angled towards the first winding (14), preferably wherein the inner side face (26A) and/or the outer side face (28A) of the first winding portion (70) and the inner side face (26B) and/or the outer side face (28B) of the second winding portion (72) are angled towards the first winding (14) in different directions, preferably in opposite directions, preferably in opposite directions along the winding axis (16) and/or to a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100), and/or by different angles.
The winding arrangement (10) according to any of claims 3 to 8, wherein the inner side face (26) and/or the outer side face (28) is/are angled towards the first winding (14) at an angle (80) of:
at least 2.5°, preferably at least 5°, preferably at least 7.5°, preferably at least 10°, preferably at least 12.5°, preferably at least 15°, preferably at least 17.5°, preferably at least 20°, preferably at least 22.5°, preferably at least 25°, preferably at least 27.5°, preferably at least 30°;
and/or

no more than 2.5°, preferably no more than 5°, preferably no more than 7.5°, preferably no more than 10°, preferably no more than 12.5°, preferably no more than 15°, preferably no more than 17.5°, preferably no more than 20°, preferably no more than 22.5°, preferably no more than 25°, preferably no more than 27.5°, preferably no more than 30°.
The winding arrangement (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second winding (22) is distanced from the first winding (14) by a smallest distance (44) at a first location (46) of the second winding (22) and the second winding (22) is distanced from the first winding (14) by a largest distance (48) at a second location (50) of the second winding (22) which is different from the first location (46), the largest distance (48) being larger than the smallest distance (44), wherein a ratio of the smallest distance (44) to the largest distance (48) is in a range from 0.1 to 0.9, preferably from 0.3 to 0.9.
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein the first location (46) is arranged at a center or middle section (40) of a length (32) of the second winding (22) and/or at a centerline (42) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22), preferably wherein the centerline (42) extends substantially perpendicular to the winding axis (16) and/or to a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100).
The winding arrangement (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the winding arrangement (10) includes a plurality of dielectric barrier elements (90) arranged at least partially between the first winding (14) and the second winding (22), preferably wherein the dielectric barrier elements (90) are configured as ring-shaped or semi-ring-shaped elements,
wherein:
the dielectric barrier elements (90) have varying lengths (94) which extend along the winding axis (16);
and/or

at least one dielectric barrier element (90C) of the dielectric barrier elements (90) defines at least one gap (92) within the respective dielectric barrier element (90) and/or at least one gap (92) is defined between adjacent dielectric barrier elements (90C) of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements (90), preferably wherein the gap (92) is configured to at least partially receive the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22);
and/or

one or more first dielectric barrier elements (90B) of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements (90) are arranged at least partially within one or more second dielectric barrier elements (90C) of the plurality of dielectric barrier elements (90), wherein the first dielectric barrier elements (90B) and the second dielectric barrier elements (90C) overlap each other only partially.
The winding arrangement (10) according to claim 12, wherein:
at least some of the barrier elements (90C) are arranged in series at least partially along the winding axis (16) and/or the length (32) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (10);
and/or

at least some of the barrier elements (90A, 90B, 90C) are arranged in series at least partially in a direction which extends from the first winding (14) to the second winding (22) and/or a direction which extends substantially perpendicularly to the winding axis (16) and/or a longitudinal axis (36) of the first winding (14) and/or the second winding (22) and/or the transformer (100).
A transformer (100) including at least one core (102) and at least one winding arrangement (10) according to any of the preceding claims arranged at least partially about the core (102).
A method of manufacturing a winding arrangement (10) of a transformer (100), preferably the winding arrangement (10) according to any of claims 1 to 13, the method including:
providing at least one first winding (14) wound about at least one winding axis (16) and configured to be arranged about at least a portion of a core (102) of the transformer (100);

providing at least one second (22) winding at least partially about the first winding (14);

wherein the second winding (22) has a variable distance (30) from the first winding (14) along a length (32) of the second winding (22) which extends along the winding axis (16);

wherein the distance (30) between the first winding (14) and the second winding (22) is the smallest at a center or middle section (40) of the length (32) of the second winding (22).