EP4681511A1 - Echangeur thermique pour un système de refroidissement de composants électroniques - Google Patents
Echangeur thermique pour un système de refroidissement de composants électroniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4681511A1 EP4681511A1 EP24709438.6A EP24709438A EP4681511A1 EP 4681511 A1 EP4681511 A1 EP 4681511A1 EP 24709438 A EP24709438 A EP 24709438A EP 4681511 A1 EP4681511 A1 EP 4681511A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- cooling plate
- exchanger
- heat exchanger
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
- H05K7/208—Liquid cooling with phase change
- H05K7/20809—Liquid cooling with phase change within server blades for removing heat from heat source
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for an electronic component cooling system.
- Servers used for data processing typically include printed circuit boards (PCBs) on which electronic components such as integrated circuits are arranged, which may include central processing units (CPUs), random access memory (RAMs), etc. All of these electronic components generate heat when in use. In order to maintain the contents of the servers at an optimal temperature in order to maximize the server's performance, it is essential to evacuate the heat thus generated and/or to cool the components concerned.
- PCBs printed circuit boards
- CPUs central processing units
- RAMs random access memory
- a heat sink is generally used that has fins or similar elements that allow the heat to be dissipated into the surrounding air. Such a heat sink is then placed in contact with the surface of the electronic chip. This contact can be direct or via a thermal interface material between the two components.
- one or more fans can be used to circulate the air so as to remove the heat from the heat sink.
- Such a heat sink can be used in combination with cooling on the server installation side, such as air conditioning.
- this cooling method is not particularly efficient. It also has a high operating cost and requires very large spaces to manage the air used for cooling.
- Immersion liquid cooling is an alternative to air cooling.
- liquid cooling allows for more efficient heat transfer of electronic components, and thus greater cooling power.
- Examples of such liquids are dielectric fluids or mineral oil.
- Liquids with a high specific heat capacity are particularly advantageous.
- immersion liquid cooling imposes strong technical constraints linked to the sealing of the boxes in which the printed circuits are immersed as well as the weight of these boxes which must be able to be supported by the buildings in which they are installed.
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger for an electronic component cooling system comprising:
- a cooling plate configured to be in contact with a first part of the electronic components and comprising a circulation channel for a first heat transfer fluid
- a dual-fluid exchanger comprising a first fluid circuit in fluid communication with the circulation channel of the cooling plate to form a circulation loop of the first heat transfer fluid and a second fluid circuit configured to receive a second heat transfer fluid
- the heat exchanger also comprises an additional cooling plate arranged in contact with the dual-fluid exchanger and at least one heat transfer element arranged between the additional cooling plate and a second part of the electronic components.
- Such an exchanger makes it possible to cool several separate elements or several separate circuits from a single source, thus simplifying the circuit.
- the cooling power can be adapted according to each of the components to be cooled.
- the additional cooling plate is a passive cooling plate.
- passive it is meant that no fluid circulates in the cooling plate.
- the heat transfer element is an element from the following list:
- a metal spring such as a coil spring
- a flexible evaporator-condenser conduit or heat pipe comprising a two-phase fluid configured to evaporate at a first end in contact with an electronic component and to condense at a second end in contact with the additional cooling plate.
- the heat transfer element is screwed onto the additional cooling plate.
- the additional cooling plate is screwed onto the dual-fluid exchanger.
- the additional cooling plate comprises a thermal foam arranged at the interface with the bi-fluid exchanger to maximize the heat exchanges with the bi-fluid exchanger.
- the thermal foam comprises for example a graphite sheet having a thickness of between 10 microns and a few millimeters.
- the bi-fluid exchanger comprises an aluminum support, preferably fixed by brazing, and on which the additional cooling plate is fixed.
- the first heat transfer fluid circulating in the circulation loop is a two-phase fluid and the heat exchanger is configured to allow said two-phase fluid to evaporate during its passage in the circulation channel of the cooling plate and to condense during its passage in the first fluid circuit of the two-fluid exchanger.
- the cooling plate comprises a floating valve configured to regulate the flow rate of the liquid phase two-phase fluid entering the circulation channel of the cooling plate depending on the amount of liquid phase two-phase fluid present in the circulation channel of the cooling plate such that the greater the evaporation of the two-phase fluid in the cooling plate, the greater the flow rate of liquid phase two-phase fluid entering the cooling plate.
- the present invention also relates to a system comprising a heat exchanger as described above and electronic components in which the first part of the electronic devices is associated with a first thermal power and the second part of the electronic devices is associated with a second thermal power, lower than the first thermal power.
- the electronic devices are arranged on a printed circuit, the first portion of the electronic devices comprising one or more processors and the second portion of the electronic devices comprising other components of the printed circuit.
- the system is a data server.
- the present invention also relates to a method of using a heat exchanger as described above comprising a two-phase fluid circulation loop connecting a hot source and a cold source and in which the two-phase fluid is configured to evaporate as it passes through the hot source and to condense as it passes through the cold source.
- the hot source comprises one or more electronic components and the cold source comprises a bi-fluid exchanger.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG.2 Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a two-phase fluid circulation loop between two thermal devices
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a cooling plate comprising a floating valve for regulating the flow of two-phase fluid.
- the electronic components 5 are for example subdivided into a first part PI associated with a first thermal power, a second part P2 associated with a second thermal power lower than the first thermal power and a third part P3 associated with a third thermal power lower than the second thermal power.
- the first part PI of the electronic components 5 comprises for example a processor 5a (“Central Processing Unit (CPU)” in English) or several processors 5a, the second part P2 of the electronic components 5 comprises for example random access memory (RAM) and/or a power supply and the third part comprises for example transistors and other simple electronic components.
- processor 5a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- RAM random access memory
- the third part comprises for example transistors and other simple electronic components.
- PCB Print Circuit Board
- the heat exchanger 1 comprises a cooling plate 9 configured to be in contact with the first part PI of the electronic components 5, here the processor 5a.
- the cooling plate 9 comprises a circulation channel configured to receive a first heat transfer fluid.
- the heat exchanger 1 also comprises a two-fluid exchanger 7.
- the bi-fluid exchanger 7 comprises a first fluid circuit Cl in fluid communication with the circulation channel of the cooling plate 9 to form a circulation loop B of the first heat transfer fluid.
- the first heat transfer fluid is for example a two-phase fluid configured to evaporate during its passage in the cooling circulation channel 9 and to condense during its passage in the first fluid circuit C1 of the two-fluid exchanger.
- the dual-fluid exchanger 7 also comprises a second fluid circuit C2 configured to receive a second heat transfer fluid.
- the inlet of the second fluid circuit C2 is for example connected to a conduit 12 for supplying the second heat transfer fluid.
- the supply conduit 12 may be a conduit supplying different cabinets (“racks” in English) of the data server and which may be connected to a central heat exchanger (not shown) of the data server.
- the outlet of the second fluid circuit C2 is for example connected to a return pipe 18 of the second heat transfer fluid.
- the return pipe 18 of the heat transfer fluid is for example connected to the central heat exchanger of the server of data.
- the second heat transfer fluid is, for example, water or glycol water.
- the two-phase fluid of the circulation loop B is chosen so that during its circulation in the circulation loop B, the two-phase fluid evaporates during its passage in the cooling plate 9 which constitutes with the first part PI of the electronic components 5 a hot source and to condense during its passage in the two-fluid exchanger 17 which constitutes a cold source.
- This evaporation and this condensation make it possible to achieve a circulation of the two-phase fluid in the circulation loop B, the flow rate of two-phase fluid being all the greater as the temperature of the cooling plate 9 is high.
- the circulation loop B comprises a porous structure 19 forming a wick at the cooling plate 9.
- the porous structure 19 is arranged in the circulation channel of the two-phase fluid of the cooling plate 9.
- the porous structure 19 is configured to control the flow rate of the two-phase fluid by capillary pumping. Indeed, the gas phase of the two-phase fluid evaporated in the cooling plate 9 returns to the two-fluid exchanger 17 via a first section SE1 of the circulation loop B. This evaporation causes the two-phase fluid to be sucked into the liquid phase from the two-fluid exchanger 17 in the second section SE2 of the circulation loop B, the two-phase fluid condensing as it passes through the two-fluid exchanger 17.
- the circulation loop B comprises a floating valve 21 at the cooling plate 9.
- the floating valve 21 is arranged in the circulation channel of the two-phase fluid of the cooling plate 9.
- the floating valve 21 is configured to regulate the flow rate of the two-phase fluid in the liquid phase entering the cooling plate 9 according to the quantity of two-phase fluid in the liquid phase present in the cooling plate 9 such that the greater the evaporation of the two-phase fluid in the cooling plate 9, the more the level of the floating valve 21 drops and the greater the flow rate of two-phase fluid in the liquid phase coming from the two-fluid exchanger 17 and entering the cooling plate 9.
- the two-phase fluid in gas phase evaporated in the cooling plate 9 returns to the two-fluid exchanger 17 via the circulation loop B.
- the two-phase fluid is then condensed in the two-fluid exchanger 17 to return to the cooling plate 9 in the liquid state.
- the circulation of the two-phase fluid in the circulation loop B can be done without requiring a pump and without any energy input other than the heat produced by the processor 5a in contact with the cooling plate 9.
- the heat exchanger 1 also comprises a cooling plate additional 11 arranged in contact with the dual-fluid exchanger 7 and in particular near the second fluid circuit C2 in which the second heat transfer fluid circulates.
- the additional cooling plate 11 may be passive, i.e. devoid of a fluid circulation channel.
- the additional cooling plate 11 in particular allows heat exchange by conduction.
- the additional cooling plate 11 may be a metal plate, in particular made of steel or aluminum.
- the additional cooling plate 11 may comprise a thermal foam (“thermal pad” in English) arranged at the interface with the bi-fluid exchanger 7 to maximize the heat exchanges with the bi-fluid exchanger 7.
- the thermal foam comprises for example a graphite sheet with a thickness of between 100 microns and a few millimeters.
- the thermal foam may also comprise other elements such as silicone.
- the heat exchanger 1 also comprises at least one heat transfer element arranged between the additional cooling plate 11 and the second part P2 of the electronic components 5.
- the heat transfer element is in contact on the one hand with the additional cooling plate 11 at a first end and on the other hand with at least one of the electronic components 5 of the second part P2 of the electronic components 5.
- the heat transfer element is for example a metal spring 13a such as a helical spring.
- the heat transfer element may also be a flexible evapo-condenser conduit 13b, also called a heat pipe, containing a two-phase fluid configured to evaporate at a first end of the heat transfer element in contact with the electronic component(s) 5 of the second part P2 and to condense at the second end of the heat transfer element in contact with the additional cooling plate 11.
- a flexible evapo-condenser conduit 13b also called a heat pipe, containing a two-phase fluid configured to evaporate at a first end of the heat transfer element in contact with the electronic component(s) 5 of the second part P2 and to condense at the second end of the heat transfer element in contact with the additional cooling plate 11.
- the heat transfer element may also be made of a thermally conductive material such as a plastic material loaded with metal particles or any other material having a high thermal conductivity (for example >1W.m-1.K-1).
- the heat transfer element is for example screwed onto the additional cooling plate 11 like the heat transfer element 13c of FIG. 2.
- the thermal element may also be glued.
- a fan 14 may also be arranged in the housing 3 to promote cooling of the electronic components by convection, in particular for the electronic components 5 of the third part P3 which are not in contact with a heat transfer element.
- the heat produced by the electronic components of the third part P3 is then transferred to the bi-fluid exchanger 7 by convection via the air present in the housing 3. In the absence of the housing 3, the heat of the components of the third part is dissipated into the surrounding air.
- the present invention also relates to a system comprising a heat exchanger 1 as described above as well as electronic components 5.
- the system is for example a data server comprising a plurality of heat exchangers 1 as described above connected to a central heat exchanger and a general circuit allowing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid to the different heat exchangers via supply 12 and return 18 conduits.
- the present invention also relates to a method of using a heat exchanger 1 as described above comprising a circulation loop for a two-phase fluid, for example the circulation loop B, connecting a hot source, for example the cooling plate 9 in contact with the processor 5a, and a cold source, for example the two-fluid exchanger 7, and in which the two-phase fluid is configured to evaporate during its passage through the hot source, here the cooling plate 9, and to condense during its passage through the cold source, here the two-fluid exchanger 7.
- the flow rate of the two-phase fluid is for example controlled by a floating valve 21 or a porous structure 19 forming a wick configured to perform capillary pumping.
- the present invention makes it possible, through the use of a heat exchanger 1 comprising at least two separate cooling devices for different electronic components 5 having different thermal powers from a single heat transfer fluid, to cool the different electronic components 5 simply and effectively while limiting the weight of the cooling device for the electronic components 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2302366A FR3146728B1 (fr) | 2023-03-14 | 2023-03-14 | Echangeur thermique pour un système de refroidissement de composants électroniques |
| PCT/EP2024/056353 WO2024188936A1 (fr) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-11 | Echangeur thermique pour un système de refroidissement de composants électroniques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4681511A1 true EP4681511A1 (fr) | 2026-01-21 |
Family
ID=86604721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24709438.6A Pending EP4681511A1 (fr) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-11 | Echangeur thermique pour un système de refroidissement de composants électroniques |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4681511A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3146728B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024188936A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8422218B2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2013-04-16 | Stephen Samuel Fried | Liquid cooled condensers for loop heat pipe like enclosure cooling |
| GB2576032B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-04-21 | Provost Fellows Found Scholars & Other Members Board College Holy & Und | Liquid cooled server module |
-
2023
- 2023-03-14 FR FR2302366A patent/FR3146728B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-03-11 WO PCT/EP2024/056353 patent/WO2024188936A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-03-11 EP EP24709438.6A patent/EP4681511A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024188936A1 (fr) | 2024-09-19 |
| FR3146728A1 (fr) | 2024-09-20 |
| FR3146728B1 (fr) | 2026-01-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20250915 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: VALEO ELECTRIFICATION |