EP4673397A1 - Purification d'oxygène électrolytique - Google Patents
Purification d'oxygène électrolytiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4673397A1 EP4673397A1 EP24710152.0A EP24710152A EP4673397A1 EP 4673397 A1 EP4673397 A1 EP 4673397A1 EP 24710152 A EP24710152 A EP 24710152A EP 4673397 A1 EP4673397 A1 EP 4673397A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- weight
- content
- zeolite
- adsorbent material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
- C01B13/0259—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids
- C01B13/0262—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids characterised by the adsorbent
- C01B13/027—Zeolites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for purifying oxygen from an electrolyser and more specifically to a method for purifying oxygen containing water and hydrogen, as well as possibly traces of nitrogen and/or traces of residual electrolytes, such as for example potassium hydroxide.
- the water present in the oxygen flow this generally comes from gaseous entrainments, while the nitrogen comes for example from the inerting phases at the start-up of the electrolyser and its solubilization in the cold and often pressurized water introduced into the electrolyser.
- the contaminants to be removed from the oxygen flow are therefore hydrogen, nitrogen, water and possibly traces of electrolyte, for example KOH type.
- one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an oxygen purification process that makes it possible to overcome the drawbacks encountered in the prior art, and in particular to purify oxygen more easily, and in particular to eliminate both the hydrogen and the water present as impurities in an oxygen flow.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen purification method for removing both hydrogen and water present as impurities in an oxygen stream, but also nitrogen and other impurities such as traces residual electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, in particular for oxygen streams from an electrolyzer, also called electrolytic oxygen. Still other objectives will become apparent in light of the following description of the present invention.
- the present invention thus provides an "all-in-one" process for purifying and drying oxygen, by eliminating both hydrogen and water using a single zeolite adsorbent material, the zeolite of which has undergone at least partial cation exchange and/or impregnation with at least one transition metal.
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying an oxygen flow containing water, hydrogen and optionally nitrogen, comprising:
- zeolitic adsorbent material comprising at least one metal, in zero-valence metallic form, or in oxidized form or in reduced form
- the oxygen to be purified comprises electrolytic oxygen, i.e. oxygen obtained by electrolysis of water.
- the oxygen to be purified comprises predominantly oxygen, i.e. from 60 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure oxygen, preferably from 80 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure oxygen, more preferably from 90 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure oxygen and more preferably from 95 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure oxygen, typically from 96.50 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure oxygen.
- the oxygen to be purified includes at least water and hydrogen as impurities, as well as possibly nitrogen.
- the zeolite adsorbent material used in the present invention is a granular material comprising at least one zeolite exchanged and/or impregnated with one or more metals in zero-valent metallic form, or in oxidized form or in reduced form.
- metal is meant the metals of the Periodic Table of Elements, and in particular the metals of columns 3 to 15 of the Periodic Table of Elements, excluding metalloids and non-metals.
- metal is understood to mean the metals of columns 3 to 14 of the Periodic Table of Elements, excluding metalloids and non-metals, and more preferably by “metal” is meant the metals chosen from palladium, platinum, silver, titanium, tin, zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron and copper, and the lanthanides and actinides, alone or in mixtures of two or more of them.
- the metal is a metal selected from palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), and mixtures of two or more of them, in all proportions, and most preferably from palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), and mixtures of two or more of them, in all proportions.
- mixtures of metals mention may be made, as non-limiting examples, of the mixtures (or alloys) Pd/Ni, Pt/Ni, Pd/Pt/Ni, Sn/Pd, Sn/Pt, Sn/Pd/Pt, and Cu/Ag.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the invention therefore comprises at least one zeolite adsorbent material and at least one metal, as set out above.
- Said at least one metal may be present in said zeolite adsorbent material in native form (or in metallic form, i.e. of zero valence, equal to 0) or oxidized form, or in reduced form, adsorbed totally or at least partially on said at least one zeolite.
- the metal may also be present in ionic form in the zeolite adsorbent material, and in this case it contributes totally or at least in part to the electronic neutrality of said zeolite adsorbent material.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the invention thus comprises at least one metal, as just defined, said at least one metal being able to be provided, that is to say deposited and/or impregnated and/or included by ion exchange in the structure of the zeolite, as explained below.
- the addition is carried out according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art and is generally and advantageously carried out by means of one or more aqueous, organic or hydro-organic saline solutions, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, said saline solutions preferably being chosen from nitrates, acetates, sulfates, and others, of said metals.
- the total mass quantity of metal introduced into the structure of the zeolite is generally and most often between 0.1% and 9% by mass, more generally between 0.1% and 7% by mass, preferably between 0.5% and 6% by mass, more preferably between 1% and 5% by mass, limits included, relative to the total weight of the zeolite adsorbent material used in the process of the present invention.
- This mass content is measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis (FluoX), as indicated later in the description.
- the particle size of the metal particles is between 1 nm and 250 nm, preferably between 5 nm and 250 nm, more preferably between 5 nm and 100 nm, better still between 5 nm and 50 nm, for example approximately 15 nm to 20 nm.
- This particle size is measured by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a STEM (“Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy”) detector.
- the copper content in the zeolite adsorbent material used in the process of the present invention is between 0.1% and 9% by mass, preferably, and most often, between 0.1% and 7% by mass, preferably between 0.5% and 6% by mass, more preferably between 1% and 5% by mass, limits included, relative to the total weight of said zeolite adsorbent material.
- This content is in particular much lower than that encountered in zeolite adsorbent materials containing copper, also called copper-doped zeolite adsorbents, and known from the prior art.
- the method of the invention is implemented with a zeolitic adsorbent material containing copper and at least one other metal, and preferably at least one other metal chosen from zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag), to name only the most common mixtures, but also from palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), cerium (Ce) and their mixtures in all proportions.
- the content of at least one other metal is generally lower than the copper content, and for example of the order of 20% by mass relative to the copper mass content, preferably of the order of 10% by mass relative to the mass content of copper, and more generally between 0.1% and 20%, most often between 0.1% and 10% by mass relative to the mass content of copper.
- the content of at least one other metal may however, in certain cases and when desired, be equal to or greater than the copper content, in particular equal to or greater than 1% to 100%, advantageously from 5% to 70%, better still equal to or greater than 10% to 70% by mass relative to the copper content.
- the method of the invention is implemented with a zeolitic adsorbent material containing palladium (Pd) and optionally at least one other metal chosen from zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag), tin (Sn) to name only the most common mixtures, but also from platinum (Pt), iron (Fe), cerium (Ce) and their mixtures in all proportions.
- Pd palladium
- Au silver
- Sn tin
- platinum platinum
- Fe iron
- Ce cerium
- the method of the invention is implemented with a zeolitic adsorbent material containing platinum (Pt) and optionally at least one other metal chosen from zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag), tin (Sn) to name only the most common mixtures, but also from palladium (Pd), iron (Fe), cerium (Ce) and their mixtures in all proportions.
- Pt platinum
- Zn zinc
- Ag silver
- Sn tin
- Pd palladium
- Fe iron
- Ce cerium
- Said at least one zeolite present in the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the present invention may be of any type well known to those skilled in the art and may be natural, artificial (modified natural zeolite) or synthetic (obtained by synthesis).
- said at least one zeolite is chosen from LTA, FAU, RHO, MFI zeolites as well as mixtures of two or more of them.
- Particularly preferred are zeolites chosen from FAU-type zeolites, MFI-type zeolites, and mixtures thereof in all proportions and at all Si/AL ratios. It is advantageous to refer to the work "Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types", Elsevier, 5th edition, (2001), for information on the different types of zeolite listed above.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the present invention may comprise one or more zeolite(s) of identical or different type(s), for example a zeolite chosen from zeolites of type X, type Y, type MFI, alone or in mixtures, for example a zeolite X, alone or with a zeolite of type MFI, or for example a zeolite Y, alone or with a zeolite of type MFI or a zeolite of type MFI alone or for example still a zeolite X in mixture with a zeolite Y, or for example still a mixture of zeolite of type MFI with a zeolite X and a zeolite Y, to cite only simple illustrative examples and without any intention of limiting the scope of the present invention. It would therefore not be departed from not within the scope of the invention if the zeolite adsorbent
- the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite or the apparent overall ratio of the mixture of zeolites, if there are several in the agglomerated zeolite material can take any value between 1 and 100.
- this Si/Al ratio is between 1 and 80, more preferably between 1 and 50, advantageously between 1 and 20.
- this Si/Al ratio is between 2 and 100, better still between 2 and 80, more preferably between 2 and 50, very advantageously between 2 and 20.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the present invention may also comprise the hierarchical porosity homologues of the zeolites listed above.
- the hierarchical porosity zeolites are well known to those skilled in the art and may for example be prepared according to the procedures described in applications WO2015019013 and WO2015028740, or prepared by chemical, physical or physicochemical post-treatment of traditional zeolites, which are not hierarchical porosity zeolites, also called non-mesoporous zeolites.
- zeolite adsorbent material zeolite crystals or mixtures of crystals of different zeolites, optionally agglomerated by one or more agglomeration binders well known to those skilled in the art, for example chosen from aluminas, silicas and clays.
- agglomeration can be carried out before or after the operation(s) of supplying metal or metals.
- the zeolite adsorbent material of the invention is in the form of an agglomerate, that is to say a material where the zeolite crystals are agglomerated using an agglomeration binder, as is now perfectly known to those skilled in the art.
- the agglomeration binder can be of any type, but for the purposes of the present invention, an agglomeration binder chosen from clays, aluminas, silicates, and mixtures of two or more of them in all proportions is preferred, and preferably the agglomeration binder is chosen from clays, and more preferably from kaolinic clays, such as kaolin, dickite, halloysite, kaolinite, nacrite, and others.
- kaolinic clays such as kaolin, dickite, halloysite, kaolinite, nacrite, and others.
- the binder content i.e. the mass quantity of agglomeration binder relative to the total weight of the zeolite adsorbent material, is within the ranges known to those skilled in the art, and is generally between 0.1% and 30%, preferably between 1% and 30%, more preferably between 5% and 30%, and advantageously between 10% and 30% by weight.
- additives or fillers well known to those skilled in the art, among which may be mentioned, as illustrative and non-limiting examples, the additives well known to those skilled in the art, and in particular those chosen from shaping aid additives, pore-forming agents, silica, carboxymethylcellulose, and others and mixtures of them or several of them in all proportions to cite only the main additives commonly used during the agglomeration of zeolite crystals with an agglomeration binder.
- the binder is a zeolitizable binder, such as for example kaolin, kaolinite, and others, it can be zeolitized in whole or in part, that is to say transformed into zeolite, generally and most often under the action of a base, such as for example a sodium hydroxide solution, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
- a base such as for example a sodium hydroxide solution
- the zeolite adsorbent materials suitable for use in the process of the present invention are generally and most often in the form of beads but can take any other form, for example needles, cylinders, hollow cylinders, discs, trilobed, quadrilobed, extruded, crushed and others.
- the zeolite adsorbent material can be of any size and any dimension, however, it is preferred and most often a zeolite adsorbent material whose volume average diameter is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, advantageously between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- the zeolite adsorbent material suitable for use in the process of the invention is commercially available or can be obtained according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, from operating methods known in the literature or on the internet or from techniques easily adaptable from said known operating methods.
- the zeolite adsorbent material can be easily prepared from zeolite adsorbents, based on conventional zeolite(s) and/or based on zeolite(s) with hierarchical porosity, and comprising one or more alkali metal and/or alkaline earth cations, in particular lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, barium, and an agglomeration binder optionally zeolitized in whole or at least in part, said zeolite adsorbent being subjected to an impregnation and/or ion exchange treatment of at least one metal as defined above, generally in the form of a salt, according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the step of impregnation and/or ion exchange of at least one metal as defined above can be carried out directly on the zeolite crystals before agglomeration with a binder and shaping.
- the process for preparing the zeolitic adsorbent material comprises at least the following steps: a) one or more cationic exchange(s) and/or impregnation(s) of zeolite crystals with one or more saline solutions of at least one metal chosen from the metals of columns 8 to 15 of the Periodic Table of Elements, excluding non-metals and metalloids, as defined above, b) agglomeration with at least one agglomeration binder, c) heat treatment for hardening (calcination) of said agglomeration binder(s), d) optional at least partial zeolitization of said agglomeration binder(s), and e) recovery and optional activation, generally between 100°C and 550°C, of said zeolitic adsorbent material that can be used in the context of the present invention.
- step a) may be carried out one or more times before step b) and/or after step c) and/or d).
- a cooking step is generally carried out, without this being in any way obligatory, preferably between step b) and step d), at a temperature generally between 400°C and 600°C.
- step a) after this cooking step, and before step d), whether or not a step a) has already been carried out before step b).
- a step of shaping said agglomerated material is carried out, according to any method well known to those skilled in the art.
- This shaping step can be carried out during or after step b) of agglomeration and can be followed by one or more step(s) a) of cation exchange(s) and/or impregnation(s).
- Such methods for preparing zeolite adsorbent materials exchanged and/or impregnated with/by one or more transition metals are well known to those skilled in the art, and reference may be made, for example and in a non-limiting manner, to document EP1125635 for a precise description of how to prepare the zeolite adsorbent materials that can be used in the context of the method of the invention or to the document “Metal Sites in Zeolites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis”, Q. Zhang et al., Chem. Rev., (2023), 123(9), 6039-6106.
- the cationic exchanges can be carried out according to any methods well known to those skilled in the art, and for example by bringing a zeolitic adsorbent material into contact with one or more saline solutions, preferably aqueous, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, the cationic exchange being able to be single or multiple and when it is multiple, the successive exchanges can be carried out with identical or different saline solutions, each exchange step being able to be preceded and/or followed by at least one washing and/or heat treatment step, said heat treatment being able to be an oxidizing or reducing treatment.
- the impregnation operation can also be easily carried out according to any methods well known to those skilled in the art, whether according to a wet or dry impregnation method.
- wet impregnation is meant a contacting of a zeolite adsorbent material in aqueous and/or organic suspension with one or more saline solutions, preferably aqueous, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, the wet impregnation operation possibly being preceded and/or followed by at least one heat treatment step, said heat treatment possibly being an oxidizing or reducing treatment.
- Dry impregnation means bringing a zeolite adsorbent material into contact with one or more saline solutions, preferably aqueous, at the right volume, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, the dry impregnation operation possibly being preceded and/or followed by at least one heat treatment step, said heat treatment possibly being an oxidizing or reducing treatment.
- cation exchange and/or impregnation can be carried out one or more times and can be combined, for example a cation exchange operation can be followed by a wet impregnation operation or dry, and include a washing step after cation exchange and possibly a heat treatment before the impregnation operation.
- Non-limiting examples of zeolitic adsorbent materials which can be used in the process of the invention are as follows:
- the zeolite adsorbent material used in the present invention is a granular material comprising at least one zeolite exchanged or impregnated with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, silver, titanium, tin, zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron and copper in zero-valent metallic form, or in oxidized form or in reduced form.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one zeolite exchanged or impregnated with a metal chosen from copper, palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, alone or in mixtures of two or more of them in any proportions.
- the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one Faujasite (FAU) type zeolite, preferably a FAU type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 1 and 100, for example a FAU-X type zeolite or a FAU-Y type zeolite and preferably a FAU-Y type zeolite, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, tin, iron and zinc, the transition metal(s) being able to be exchanged or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- FAU Faujasite
- the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one Faujasite (FAU) type zeolite, preferably a FAU type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 2 and 100, for example a FAU-Y type zeolite, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron, tin, and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged and/or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- FAU Faujasite
- the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one MFI type zeolite, preferably an MFI type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 100, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- MFI type zeolite preferably an MFI type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 100, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- examples of zeolitic adsorbent materials usable in the process of the invention are:
- MFI sodium zeolites of the MFI type with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a Pd content of between 0.1% and 1% by weight, MFI sodium zeolites of the MFI type, with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a Pt content of between 0.1% and 1% by weight, MFI sodium zeolites of the MFI type, with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a Ni content of between 1% and 7% by weight, MFI sodium zeolites of the MFI type, with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a Ti content of between 4% and 7% by weight, MFI sodium zeolites of the MFI type, with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a Co content of between 4% and 7% by weight weight, sodium MFI type zeolites, with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a Zn content of between 4% and 7% by weight, sodium MFI type zeolites,
- I sodium MFI type zeolites with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 20, with a copper content of between 2% and 4% by weight, and a palladium content of between 0.1% and 1% by weight,
- the process of the invention is an “all-in-one” process for purifying oxygen, by eliminating both hydrogen and water, present as impurities in an oxygen stream, more specifically an oxygen stream comprising or consisting of electrolytic oxygen.
- all-in-one process it is meant that the passage over the zeolite adsorbent material allows the at least partial, or even total (content below the detection threshold) simultaneous (i.e. concomitant) elimination of the hydrogen and water present in the oxygen flow in the same temperature range.
- zeolites must operate at high temperature to eliminate hydrogen and that at high temperature zeolites adsorb little or no water, and on the contrary tend to desorb water.
- the "all-in-one" process of the present invention therefore has the great advantage of eliminating both hydrogen and water, and possibly other impurities, in the oxygen stream, while avoiding steps of changing temperature ranges, thus facilitating the industrial process in terms of time, energy expenditure, and productivity. It can thus be considered that the process of the present invention allows the purification of oxygen streams without external energy input, for example without external heating input.
- the present invention relates to the process for purifying an oxygen stream, in particular an electrolytic oxygen stream, containing, as impurities to be removed, hydrogen and water, and optionally nitrogen and optionally other impurities inherent in the oxygen synthesis process, in particular the electrolytic oxygen synthesis process.
- the purification method of the present invention can be carried out according to any method well known to those skilled in the art of gas purification, and more specifically by adsorption of impurities on a zeolite adsorbent material as defined above.
- the adsorption method according to the present invention can be chosen from among the methods of the pressure and/or temperature modulated method type, typically among the PSA (“Pressure Swing Adsorption”), PVSA (“Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption”), with the use of subatmospheric pressure desorption, TSA (“Temperature Swing Adsorption”), PTSA (“Pressure Temperature Swing Adsorption”), or Pressure Temperature Swing Adsorption in Temperature and Pressure), PVTSA (“Pressure Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption”, with the use of desorption at sub-atmospheric pressure).
- PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption
- PVSA Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption
- TSA Tempo Swing Adsorption
- PTSA Pressure Temperature Swing Adsorption
- PVTSA Pressure Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption
- the fluid to be purified contains mainly oxygen, as indicated above, as well as water, hydrogen and possibly nitrogen.
- the water content is generally between 20 ppmv and 1.5 mol%, preferably 50 ppmv and 1.5 mol%, more preferably between 100 ppmv and 1.5 mol%, advantageously between 200 ppmv and 1.5 mol%.
- the hydrogen content in the flow is generally between 5 ppmv and 1 mol%, preferably between 5 ppmv and 5000 ppmv, more preferably between 5 ppmv and 3000 ppmv, better still between 5 ppmv and 1000 ppmv.
- the nitrogen content is between 0 and 1 mol%, generally between 10 ppmv and 1 mol%.
- the method according to the present invention can be implemented according to any conventional gas separation method, and for example by passage through one or more columns (also called “adsorber(s)” or more simply “reactor(s)”) comprising at least one bed of zeolitic adsorbent material as just defined.
- the method of the invention is implemented with at least two adsorbers, in particular when working in continuous flow, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the fluid to be purified is brought into contact with the zeolite adsorbent material at a pressure generally between 0.5 MPa and 5 MPa, preferably between 0.9 MPa and 5 MPa, more preferably between 1.5 MPa and 5 MPa, and at a temperature between 10°C and 100°C, preferably between 15°C and 90°C, advantageously between 20°C and 60°C, typically between 25°C and 55°C.
- the bed of zeolitic adsorbent material is regenerated, i.e. desorbed either by reducing the pressure and counter-current evacuation (PSA and VPSA processes), or by reducing the temperature (TSA process), possibly associated with reducing the pressure and counter-current evacuation (PVTSA process).
- the desorption pressure is generally between 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa on the one hand and 500 Pa and 95 kPa on the other.
- the desorption temperature is close to the adsorption temperature, in other words, no intentional modification of the temperature is generally made.
- a purge phase can be implemented at the end of the desorption phase, typically by countercurrent reintroduction of a fraction of the purified gas, typically less than 20% of the flow rate produced by an adsorber.
- the method of the present invention may also comprise one or more pressure equalization phases between the possible different adsorbers.
- the pressure equalization phase(s) may advantageously be carried out between the adsorption and desorption phases, according to techniques also well known to those skilled in the art.
- the advantage of providing one or more pressure equalization phases is in particular to minimize as much as possible the losses of oxygen but also of hydrogen in the entire process.
- a fraction of the purified gas (typically less than 20% of the flow rate produced by the adsorber) is heated to a temperature between 40°C and 250°C, then injected countercurrently onto the adsorber, possibly at a reduced pressure relative to the adsorption phase (PVTSA), i.e. between 1 kPa and 3 MPa.
- PVTSA adsorption phase
- different pressure equalization and purge configurations can be envisaged.
- the adsorption and desorption phases follow one another cyclically.
- the process may optionally include a cooling system integrated into the adsorber, the purpose of which is to avoid or at least minimize excessive heating of the adsorbent bed, which would inhibit the adsorption of water by the zeolitic adsorbent granular material, as indicated above.
- the process may also include a step of drying the gas flow, before and/or after passing over the zeolitic adsorbent material comprising at least one metal according to the invention.
- the method of the invention thus has many advantages, and in particular that of being able to both reduce the hydrogen dissolved in the oxygen flow and adsorb the water possibly already present in the hydrogen flow as well as the water formed by the reduction of the dissolved oxygen.
- the method of the invention thus makes it possible to easily obtain, on an industrial level, high purity oxygen flows, and in particular oxygen flows of purity greater than 99%, and more particularly electrolytic oxygen flows of purity greater than 99% and comprising less than 5 ppmv of hydrogen, and less than 1 ppmv of water, these quantities of impurities are determined according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art and for example using an ionization mass spectrometer.
- the invention relates to a flow of purified oxygen obtained according to the method described above, and its use as an industrial product or reagent, in various fields, such as for example the fields of metallurgy or the medical field, to name only a few known applications. It should be noted that one of the main interests is to be able to have oxygen free or almost free of hydrogen, for obvious safety reasons.
- the invention relates to the use of the zeolitic adsorbent material as defined above for the purification of an oxygen flow, and in particular for the purification of electrolytic oxygen.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing high purity oxygen comprising at least the following steps:
- step 2) purification of the oxygen flow recovered in step 2) by passage over a zeolitic adsorbent material, as defined previously, and
- the process for preparing high-purity oxygen according to the invention comprises a step 1) of electrolysis which can be carried out in a conventional manner well known to those skilled in the art.
- This process thus makes it possible to obtain oxygen of very high purity efficiently and economically and in particular more economically than the synthesis processes known today for the preparation of oxygen by electrolysis of water.
- the measurement of the Si/Al molar ratio and the exchange rate is carried out by any analytical chemical analysis techniques known to those skilled in the art. Among these techniques, mention may be made of the chemical analysis technique by X-ray fluorescence. as described in standard NF EN ISO 12677: 2011 on a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDXRF), for example Tiger S8 from Bruker.
- WDXRF wavelength dispersive spectrometer
- X-ray fluorescence is a spectral technique exploiting the photoluminescence of atoms in the X-ray domain, to establish the elemental composition of a sample.
- the excitation of atoms generally by an X-ray beam or by bombardment with electrons, generates specific radiations after return to the fundamental state of the atom.
- the X-ray fluorescence spectrum has the advantage of depending very little on the chemical combination of the element, which offers a precise determination, both quantitative and qualitative. A measurement uncertainty of less than 0.4% by weight is conventionally obtained after calibration for each oxide.
- the Si/Al molar ratio of the zeolite present in the zeolitic adsorbent material is measured by solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of silicon.
- NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- the amount of metal present in the zeolite adsorbent material is also obtained from X-ray fluorescence analysis, as indicated above, and is expressed in % by mass of metal.
- a set of images is taken at a magnification of at least 5000.
- the diameter of at least 200 particles is then measured using dedicated software, for example the Smile View software from the publisher LoGraMi.
- the accuracy is of the order of 3%.
- the measurement of the histogram constituted from the said diameter measurements allows at the same time the determination of the standard deviation o of its distribution.
- the determination of the volume average diameter of the zeolite adsorbents is carried out by analysis of the particle size distribution of a sample of agglomerates by imaging according to ISO 13322-2:2006, using a conveyor belt allowing the sample to pass in front of the camera lens.
- volume mean diameter is then calculated from the particle size distribution by applying the ISO 9276-2:2001 standard.
- volume mean diameter or “size” is used for zeolite agglomerates.
- accuracy is of the order of 0.01 mm for the agglomerate size range of the invention.
- DRX X-ray diffraction analysis
- the zeolite materials Prior to the measurement, the zeolite materials are crushed then spread and smoothed on a sample holder by simple mechanical compression.
- the Dubinin volume (or microporous V m i) is determined in a conventional manner well known to those skilled in the art, in particular from the measurement of the isotherm adsorption of a gas at its liquefaction temperature, for example nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and others. Preferably, nitrogen is used.
- a gas for example nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and others.
- nitrogen is used.
- the zeolite crystals of the invention are degassed between 300°C and 450°C for a period ranging from 9 hours to 16 hours, under vacuum (pressure ⁇ 6.7.10 -4 Pa).
- the measurement of the nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77K is then carried out on an ASAP 2020 type device from Micromeritics, taking at least 35 measurement points at relative pressures with a P/PO ratio of between 0.002 and 1.
- the micropore volume is determined according to the Dubinin and Rohskevitch equation from the isotherm obtained, applying the ISO 15901-3:2007 standard.
- the micropore volume thus evaluated is expressed in cm 3 of liquid adsorbent per gram of anhydrous adsorbent.
- the measurement uncertainty is ⁇ 0.003 cm 3 g -1 .
- An oxygen stream is recovered from an electrolyser at a temperature of 50°C.
- the oxygen stream is pressurised to 0.8 MPa.
- the oxygen stream contains 3000 ppmv of hydrogen, 1000 ppmv of water.
- the electrolytic oxygen flow to be purified is introduced into a column containing 1 liter of zeolitic adsorbent material.
- the contact time between the flow and said zeolitic adsorbent material is set at 10 seconds.
- the zeolitic adsorbent material consists of 1 mm diameter beads obtained by agglomeration, with 20% by weight of binder, of H-MFI zeolite crystals (protonated MFI), with a Si/Al ratio equal to 12.5, with a Pd content of 0.3% by weight.
- the flow of purified oxygen recovered at the column outlet is analyzed using an ionization mass spectrometer.
- the residual water content is confirmed using a hygrometric probe from Panametrics.
- the oxygen thus purified contains 0.3 ppmv of water and the quantity of residual hydrogen is below the detection threshold.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2301831A FR3146137B1 (fr) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Purification d’oxygène électrolytique |
| PCT/FR2024/050254 WO2024180301A1 (fr) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-28 | Purification d'oxygène électrolytique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4673397A1 true EP4673397A1 (fr) | 2026-01-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24710152.0A Pending EP4673397A1 (fr) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-28 | Purification d'oxygène électrolytique |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4673397A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2026507687A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250136407A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120813541A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2024230333A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3146137B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024180301A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE28171T1 (de) | 1982-03-12 | 1987-07-15 | Cjb Developments Ltd | Verfahren zur abscheidung von wasserstoff aus gasen. |
| JP3977501B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 2007-09-19 | 日本パイオニクス株式会社 | 酸素ガスの精製方法および精製装置 |
| JP4169820B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-30 | 2008-10-22 | 日本パイオニクス株式会社 | 酸素ガス中の不純物の除去方法 |
| FR2804675B1 (fr) | 2000-02-08 | 2002-06-14 | Ceca Sa | Procede pour l'elimination dans les gaz des oxydes d'azote nox par reduction catalytique selective (scr) a l'ammoniac sur catalyseurs zeolitiques agglomeres ne provoquant pas la formation de protoxyde d'azote |
| FR3009300B1 (fr) | 2013-08-05 | 2022-11-25 | Ceca Sa | Zeolithes a porosite hierarchisee |
| FR3010071B1 (fr) | 2013-09-02 | 2015-08-21 | Ceca Sa | Zeolithes a porosite hierarchisee |
| CN104498983A (zh) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-04-08 | 重庆朝阳气体有限公司 | 一种电解水制高纯氧的方法 |
| FR3032130B1 (fr) * | 2015-02-02 | 2019-12-27 | Arkema France | Adsorbants zeolithiques de haute surface externe, leur procede de preparation et leurs utilisations |
| CN113562701B (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-24 | 杭州制氧机集团股份有限公司 | 一种利用低温法回收电解水制氢副产氧气的装置及方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-02-28 FR FR2301831A patent/FR3146137B1/fr active Active
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2024
- 2024-02-28 CN CN202480014903.7A patent/CN120813541A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-28 EP EP24710152.0A patent/EP4673397A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-02-28 AU AU2024230333A patent/AU2024230333A1/en active Pending
- 2024-02-28 KR KR1020257028038A patent/KR20250136407A/ko active Pending
- 2024-02-28 WO PCT/FR2024/050254 patent/WO2024180301A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-28 JP JP2025550154A patent/JP2026507687A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2026507687A (ja) | 2026-03-04 |
| FR3146137A1 (fr) | 2024-08-30 |
| WO2024180301A1 (fr) | 2024-09-06 |
| FR3146137B1 (fr) | 2026-08-14 |
| AU2024230333A1 (en) | 2025-09-04 |
| KR20250136407A (ko) | 2025-09-16 |
| CN120813541A (zh) | 2025-10-17 |
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