EP4669635A1 - NUCLEAR TRANSPORT MODULATORS - Google Patents

NUCLEAR TRANSPORT MODULATORS

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Publication number
EP4669635A1
EP4669635A1 EP24706464.5A EP24706464A EP4669635A1 EP 4669635 A1 EP4669635 A1 EP 4669635A1 EP 24706464 A EP24706464 A EP 24706464A EP 4669635 A1 EP4669635 A1 EP 4669635A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
aryl
heteroaryl
heterocyclyl
group
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
EP24706464.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dirk Daelemans
Wim DEHAEN
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Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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Publication of EP4669635A1 publication Critical patent/EP4669635A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D233/91—Nitro radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • NUCLEAR TRANSPORT MODULATORS Field of the invention relates to compounds.
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as the use of the compounds as a medicament.
  • Background of the invention XPO1 (Exportin 1, also known as Chromosome Region Maintenance 1) is the major mammalian nuclear export protein that facilitates the transport of macromolecules including RNA and protein across the nuclear membrane to the cytoplasm.
  • the gene encoding XPO1 was originally identified in yeast as required to maintain higher order chromosome structure. In mammalian cells, XPO1 was found to bind several nuclear pore proteins and its role in nuclear-cytosolic transport was discovered.
  • XPO1 In addition to nuclear-cytosolic transport, XPO1 also plays a role in centrosome duplication and spindle assembly, especially in response to DNA damage.
  • the crystal structure of XPO1 shows a helicoidal protein that binds the Ran protein bound to GTP in the center, allowing for a conformational change of its hydrophobic cleft at the outside of the protein that facilitates binding to different cargo proteins through their nuclear export signals (NES).
  • NES nuclear export signals
  • Included in the cadre of cargo are multiple tumor suppressor and oncoproteins as p53, BRCA1, Survivin, NPM, and APC, which function in the nucleus to regulate transcription or aid in chromosomal assembly and movement.
  • nuclear export inhibitors could have beneficial effects in neoplastic and other proliferative disorders.
  • XPO1 inhibition has also been linked to a variety of other ailments, such as inflammatory processes across multiple tissues and organs; dermatologic syndromes including inflammatory dermatoses (atopy, allergic dermatitis, chemical dermatitis, psoriasis), sun-damage (Ultraviolet / UV damage), and infections; neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adenovirus, simian retrovirus type 1, Borna disease virus, influenza (usual strains as well as H1N1 and avian H5N1 strains), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Dengue virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, yellow fever virus, West Nile Virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , C, N, and NR 2 ; A 2 is selected from the group consisting of CR 3 , C, and N; A 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, and NR 5 ; each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, and NR 7 ; wherein at least two of A 1 to A 4 is N, NR 2 , NR 5 , or NR 7 ; B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl; where
  • each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond;
  • n is an integer selected from 0, or 1;
  • q is an integer selected from 1, or 2;
  • each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , C, N, and NR 2 ;
  • a 2 is selected from the group consisting of CR 3 , C, and N;
  • a 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, NR 5 , S, and O;
  • each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, and NR 7 ; wherein at least two of A 1 to A 4 is N, NR 2 , NR 5 , NR 7 , S or O;
  • B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, heteroaryl, hetero
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as described in the first aspect of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) as described in the first aspect of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition according to the second aspect of the invention for use as a medicament.
  • the present invention also encompasses a compound of formula (I) according to the first aspect of the invention of a pharmaceutical or a pharmaceutical composition according to the second aspect of the invention, or a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , C, N, and NR 2 ; A 2 is selected from the group consisting of CR 3 , C, and N; A 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, NR 5 , S, and O; each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, and NR 7 ; wherein at least two of A 1 to A 4 is N, NR 2 , NR 5 , NR
  • the present invention also encompasses a compound according to the first aspect of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition according to the second aspect of the invention for use in the prevention or treatment of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
  • a proliferative disorder cancer
  • an inflammatory disorder an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection
  • an ophthalmological disorder a neurodegenerative disorder
  • a disorder of abnormal tissue growth a disorder related to food intake
  • an allergy a respiratory disorder
  • dermatologic syndromes sun damage
  • congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
  • Figure 1 section A represents a graph plotting the percentage of HeLa cells showing predominant nuclear localization of the NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter protein (expressed as HIGH) against the concentration (in ⁇ M) of compound CPD-049 according to the invention, administered for 2 hours (hr).
  • Figure 3 section B represents graphs plotting intensity of the p53 immunofluorescence signal obtained in the experiments described in Figure 3 section A.
  • the average intensity of the entire cell (left panel) or the ratio of the average intensities of nucleus vs cytoplasm (right panel) is plotted against 20xIC 50 (2.8 ⁇ M) and 100xIC 50 (15 ⁇ M) of CPD-049 according to the invention, or vehicle control (DMSO).
  • Data are represented as mean ⁇ SEM, p values obtained in 2-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparison test comparing treated cells to vehicle control cells, are represented as follows: **** p ⁇ 0.0001; *** p ⁇ 0.0002; ** p ⁇ 0.002 or *p ⁇ 0.03.
  • Figure 4 represents experiments to demonstrate the reversibility of XPO1 inhibition by CPD-049 according to the invention:
  • Figure 4 section A represents a graph plotting the % of increase compared to untreated control of the nuclear signal intensity of the NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter protein in HeLa cells upon treatment with the indicated concentrations of compound CPD-049 according to the invention.
  • t0 pre-wash: situation after 2h incubation with CPD-049 at the indicated concentrations. Cells were also incubated with MG-132 and CHX to inhibit protein turn-over.
  • t24 post-wash: situation after 2h incubation with CPD-049 at the indicated concentrations, followed by extensive washing and further 24h incubation, during which cells were also continuously treated with MG-132 and CHX. Results are represented as mean ⁇ SEM of 6 samples in three independent experiments and were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction (**** p ⁇ 0.0001, *** p ⁇ 0.0002, ** p ⁇ 0.002, * p ⁇ 0.03).
  • Figure 4 section B represents a graph plotting % increase compared to untreated control of the nuclear signal intensity of the endogenous XPO1 cargo protein RanBP1 in HeLa cells upon treatment with the indicated concentrations of compound CPD-049 according to the invention.
  • t0 and t24 are as described in Figure 4 section A.
  • Figure 5A represents a graph plotting cellular viability of wild type and XPO1 C528S MOLT-4 cells against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention, administered for 72h. Data are normalized against data obtained for vehicle control treated cells.
  • Figure 5B represents a graph plotting relative wild type and mutant XPO1 C528S K562 cell viability against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention.
  • Figure 5C represents a graph plotting relative wild type and mutant XPO1 C528S Jurkat cell viability against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention.
  • Figure 5B represents a graph plotting relative wild type and mutant XPO1 C528S HL-60 cell viability against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention.
  • Figure 6A represents a graph plotting mean plasma concentration of CPD-049 formulated in 5% DMSO - 5% Solutol HS15 - 90% saline at 1mg/ml after IV (dose of 5mg/Kg) or PO (dose 10 mg/Kg) administration against time.
  • Figure 6B represents a graph plotting mean plasma and brain concentration of CPD-049 formulated in 10% DMSO, 10% Solutol and 80%(10% VE-TPGS in water) at 5mg/ml after PO administration (dose 50 mg/Kg) against time.
  • Figure 7 section B represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as boxplot of data presented in panel A at day 23. Results were analyzed using One- way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction.
  • Figure 7 section D represents a graph plotting % of weight loss in NSG mice against time. Data are shown as mean ⁇ SEM.
  • Figure 7 section F represents BLI images of tumor burden at day 5 and day 23 of a MOLT-4 survival experiment. Mice were treated 3 ⁇ /week with CPD-049 or vehicle control.
  • Figure 8 section A represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as tumor burden in BALB/c nude orthotopically injected with U87 MG cells expressing a luciferase reported gene measured by biweekly BLI.
  • FIG. 8 section B represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as boxplot of data presented in panel A at day 23. Results were analyzed using One- way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction.
  • Figure 8 section D represents graphs plotting % of weight loss in BALB/c nude mice against time.
  • a compound means one compound or more than one compound.
  • the terms “comprising”, “comprises” and “comprised of” as used herein are synonymous with “including”, “includes” or “containing”, “contains”, and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps.
  • the terms “comprising”, “comprises” and “comprised of” also include the term “consisting of”.
  • the list can comprise A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination, B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
  • the recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all integer numbers and, where appropriate, fractions subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 can include 1, 2, 3, 4 when referring to, for example, a number of elements, and can also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when referring to, for example, measurements).
  • the recitation of end points also includes the end point values themselves (e.g., from 1.0 to 5.0 includes both 1.0 and 5.0).
  • substituted is meant to indicate that one or more hydrogen atoms on the atom indicated in the expression using “substituted” is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the indicated atom’s normal valence is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a chemically stable compound, i.e. a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation from a reaction mixture.
  • groups can be substituted, such groups may be substituted with one or more, and preferably one, two or three substituents.
  • Preferred substituents may be selected from but not limited to, for example, the group comprising halo, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cyano, amino, nitro, carboxyl, and mono- or dialkylamino.
  • halo or “halogen” as a group or part of a group is generic for fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo.
  • hydroxyl or “hydroxy” as used herein refers to the group -OH.
  • cyano refers to the group -C ⁇ N.
  • alkyl groups of this invention comprise from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
  • the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain.
  • C 1-6 alkyl includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i- propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g.
  • C 1-5 alkyl includes all includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl); pentyl and its isomers.
  • C 1-4 alkyl includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 4 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl).
  • C1- 3alkyl includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 3 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl.
  • alkyl When the term “alkyl” is used as a suffix following another term, as in “hydroxyalkyl,” this is intended to refer to an alkyl group, as defined above, being substituted with one or two (preferably one) substituent(s) selected from the other, specifically-named group, also as defined herein.
  • hydroxyalkyl therefore refers to a -R a -OH group wherein R a is alkylene as defined herein.
  • haloalkyl as a group or part of a group, refers to an alkyl group having the meaning as defined above wherein one, two, or three hydrogen atoms are each replaced with a halogen as defined herein.
  • Non-limiting examples of such haloalkyl groups include chloromethyl, 1- bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, and the like.
  • alkoxy or “alkyloxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula –OR b wherein R b is alkyl as defined herein above.
  • suitable alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy.
  • haloC 1-6 alkoxy refers to a group of formula -O-R c , wherein R c is haloC 1-6 alkyl as defined herein.
  • suitable haloC 1-6 alkoxy include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, trichloromethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, 4,4,4-trichlorobutoxy.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic alkyl group, that is a monovalent, saturated, hydrocarbyl group having 1 or more cyclic structure, and comprising from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; more preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Cycloalkyl includes all saturated hydrocarbon groups containing 1 or more rings, including monocyclic or bicyclic groups. The further rings of multi-ring cycloalkyls may be either fused, bridged and/or joined through one or more spiro atoms.
  • the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain.
  • C 3-12 cycloalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicycle[2.2.1]heptan-2yl, (1S,4R)-norbornan-2-yl, (1R,4R)-norbornan-2-yl, (1S,4S)- norbornan-2-yl, (1R,4S)-norbornan-2-yl, 1-adamantyl.
  • cycloalkyloxy refers to a group having the formula –OR f wherein R f is cycloalkyl as defined herein above.
  • alkenyl refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. When a subscript is used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain.
  • C 2-6 alkenyl refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched comprising one or more carbon- carbon double bonds and comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • C 2-4 alkenyl includes all linear, or branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of C 2-6 alkenyl groups are ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and its isomers, 2-hexenyl and its isomers, 2,4-pentadienyl. and the like.
  • cycloalkenyl refers to a cyclic alkenyl group, that is a monovalent, with at least one unsaturation, hydrocarbyl group having 1 or more cyclic structure, and comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 7 carbon atoms; more preferably from 5 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Cycloalkenyl includes all unsaturated hydrocarbon groups containing 1 or more rings, including monocyclic or bicyclic groups. The further rings of multi-ring cycloalkenyls may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the further rings of multi-ring cycloalkyls may be either fused, bridged and/or joined through one or more spiro atoms.
  • the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain.
  • alkynyl by itself or as part of another substituent, refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
  • the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain.
  • C 2-6 alkynyl refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched comprising one or more carbon- carbon triple bonds and comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • C 2-4 alkynyl includes all linear, or branched alkynyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Non limiting examples of C 2- 6alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and its chain isomers, 2-hexynyl and its chain isomers, and the like.
  • aryl as a group or part of a group, refers to a polyunsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbyl group having a single ring (i.e. phenyl) or multiple aromatic rings fused together (e.g.
  • naphthyl or linked covalently, typically comprising 6 to 12 carbon atoms; wherein at least one ring is aromatic, preferably comprising 6 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
  • the aromatic ring may optionally include one to two additional rings (either cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl) fused thereto.
  • suitable aryl include C 6-12 aryl, preferably C 6-10 aryl, more preferably C 6-8 aryl.
  • Non-limiting examples of aryl comprise phenyl, biphenylyl, biphenylenyl, or 1- or 2-naphthanelyl; 5- or 6-tetralinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-azulenyl, 4-, 5-, 6 or 7-indenyl, 4- or 5-indanyl, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and 1,4- dihydronaphthyl; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrenyl.
  • a “substituted aryl” refers to an aryl group having one or more substituent(s) (for example 1, 2 or 3 substituent(s), or 1 to 2 substituent(s)), at any available point of attachment.
  • aryloxy as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula –OR g wherein R g is aryl as defined herein above.
  • arylalkyl as a group or part of a group, means a alkyl as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by at least one aryl as defined herein.
  • Non-limiting examples of arylalkyl group include benzyl, phenethyl, dibenzylmethyl, methylphenylmethyl, 3-(2-naphthyl)- butyl, and the like.
  • the terms "heterocyclyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclo”, as a group or part of a group refer to non-aromatic, fully saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups (for example, 3 to 7 member monocyclic, 7 to 11 member bicyclic, or comprising a total of 3 to 10 ring atoms) which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring; wherein said ring may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring.
  • the heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system, where valence allows.
  • the rings of multi-ring heterocycles may be fused, bridged and/or joined through one or more spiro atoms.
  • Non limiting exemplary heterocyclic groups include aziridinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, thietanyl, 2-imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl imidazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, succinimidyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, chromanyl (also known as 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyranyl), isoindolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 1- pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazin
  • aziridinyl as used herein includes aziridin-1-yl and aziridin-2-yl.
  • oxyranyl as used herein includes oxyranyl-2-yl.
  • thiiranyl as used herein includes thiiran-2-yl.
  • azetidinyl as used herein includes azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl and azetidin-3-yl.
  • oxetanyl as used herein includes oxetan-2-yl and oxetan-3-yl.
  • thietanyl as used herein includes thietan-2-yl and thietan- 3-yl.
  • pyrrolidinyl as used herein includes pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl and pyrrolidin- 3-yl.
  • tetrahydrofuranyl as used herein includes tetrahydrofuran-2-yl and tetrahydrofuran-3-yl.
  • tetrahydrothiophenyl as used herein includes tetrahydrothiophen- 2-yl and tetrahydrothiophen-3-yl.
  • succinimidyl as used herein includes succinimid-1-yl and succininmid-3-yl.
  • dihydropyrrolyl as used herein includes 2,3-dihydropyrrol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H- pyrrol-3-yl and 2,5-dihydropyrrol-5-yl.
  • 2H-pyrrolyl as used herein includes 2H-pyrrol- 2-yl, 2H-pyrrol-3-yl, 2H-pyrrol-4-yl and 2H-pyrrol-5-yl.
  • 3H-pyrrolyl as used herein includes 3H-pyrrol-2-yl, 3H-pyrrol-3-yl, 3H-pyrrol-4-yl and 3H-pyrrol-5-yl.
  • dihydrofuranyl as used herein includes 2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,3- dihydrofuran-4-yl, 2,3-dihydrofuran-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,5- dihydrofuran-4-yl and 2,5-dihydrofuran-5-yl.
  • dihydrothiophenyl as used herein includes 2,3-dihydrothiophen-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiophen-3-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiophen-4-yl, 2,3- dihydrothiophen-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiophen-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiophen-4- yl and 2,5-dihydrothiophen-5-yl.
  • imidazolidinyl as used herein includes imidazolidin-1- yl, imidazolidin-2-yl and imidazolidin-4-yl.
  • pyrazolidinyl as used herein includes pyrazolidin-1-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl and pyrazolidin-4-yl.
  • imidazolinyl as used herein includes imidazolin-1-yl, imidazolin-2-yl, imidazolin-4-yl and imidazolin-5-yl.
  • pyrazolinyl as used herein includes 1-pyrazolin-3-yl, 1-pyrazolin-4-yl, 2-pyrazolin-1-yl, 2-pyrazolin-3-yl, 2- pyrazolin-4-yl, 2-pyrazolin-5-yl, 3-pyrazolin-1-yl, 3-pyrazolin-2-yl, 3-pyrazolin-3-yl, 3-pyrazolin-4- yl and 3-pyrazolin-5-yl.
  • dioxolanyl also known as “1,3-dioxolanyl” as used herein includes dioxolan-2-yl, dioxolan-4-yl and dioxolan-5-yl.
  • dioxolyl also known as “1,3- dioxolyl” as used herein includes dioxol-2-yl, dioxol-4-yl and dioxol-5-yl.
  • oxazolidinyl as used herein includes oxazolidin-2-yl, oxazolidin-3-yl, oxazolidin-4-yl and oxazolidin-5-yl.
  • isoxazolidinyl as used herein includes isoxazolidin-2-yl, isoxazolidin-3-yl, isoxazolidin-4-yl and isoxazolidin-5-yl.
  • oxazolinyl as used herein includes 2-oxazolinyl-2-yl, 2- oxazolinyl-4-yl, 2-oxazolinyl-5-yl, 3-oxazolinyl-2-yl, 3-oxazolinyl-4-yl, 3-oxazolinyl-5-yl, 4- oxazolinyl-2-yl, 4-oxazolinyl-3-yl, 4-oxazolinyl-4-yl and 4-oxazolinyl-5-yl.
  • isoxazolinyl as used herein includes 2-isoxazolinyl-3-yl, 2-isoxazolinyl-4-yl, 2-isoxazolinyl-5-yl, 3-isoxazolinyl- 3-yl, 3-isoxazolinyl-4-yl, 3-isoxazolinyl-5-yl, 4-isoxazolinyl-2-yl, 4-isoxazolinyl-3-yl, 4-isoxazolinyl- 4-yl and 4-isoxazolinyl-5-yl.
  • thiazolidinyl as used herein includes thiazolidin-2-yl, thiazolidin-3-yl, thiazolidin-4-yl and thiazolidin-5-yl.
  • isothiazolidinyl as used herein includes isothiazolidin-2-yl, isothiazolidin-3-yl, isothiazolidin-4-yl and isothiazolidin-5-yl.
  • chromanyl as used herein includes chroman-2-yl, chroman-3-yl, chroman-4-yl, chroman-5-yl, chroman-6-yl, chroman-7-yl and chroman-8-yl.
  • thiazolinyl as used herein includes 2- thiazolinyl-2-yl, 2-thiazolinyl-4-yl, 2-thiazolinyl-5-yl, 3-thiazolinyl-2-yl, 3-thiazolinyl-4-yl, 3- thiazolinyl-5-yl, 4-thiazolinyl-2-yl, 4-thiazolinyl-3-yl, 4-thiazolinyl-4-yl and 4-thiazolinyl-5-yl.
  • isothiazolinyl as used herein includes 2-isothiazolinyl-3-yl, 2-isothiazolinyl-4-yl, 2- isothiazolinyl-5-yl, 3-isothiazolinyl-3-yl, 3-isothiazolinyl-4-yl, 3-isothiazolinyl-5-yl, 4-isothiazolinyl- 2-yl, 4-isothiazolinyl-3-yl, 4-isothiazolinyl-4-yl and 4-isothiazolinyl-5-yl.
  • piperidyl also known as “piperidinyl” as used herein includes piperid-1-yl, piperid-2-yl, piperid-3-yl and piperid- 4-yl.
  • dihydropyridinyl as used herein includes 1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2- dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2- dihydropyridin-6-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 1,4- dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-4-yl,
  • tetrahydropyridinyl as used herein includes 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl
  • tetrahydropyranyl also known as “oxanyl” or “tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl”, as used herein includes tetrahydropyran-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-3-yl and tetrahydropyran-4-yl.
  • the term “4H-pyranyl” as used herein includes 4H-pyran-2-yl, 4H-pyran-3-yl and 4H-pyran-4-yl.
  • 3,4-dihydro- 2H-pyranyl as used herein includes 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl, 3,4- dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl.
  • 3,6- dihydro-2H-pyranyl as used herein includes 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3- yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl and 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl.
  • tetrahydrothiophenyl as used herein includes tetrahydrothiophen-2-yl, tetrahydrothiophenyl -3- yl and tetrahydrothiophenyl -4-yl.
  • 2H-thiopyranyl as used herein includes 2H- thiopyran-2-yl, 2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 2H-thiopyran-4-yl, 2H-thiopyran-5-yl and 2H-thiopyran-6-yl.
  • 4H-thiopyranyl as used herein includes 4H-thiopyran-2-yl, 4H-thiopyran-3-yl and 4H- thiopyran-4-yl.
  • 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyranyl as used herein includes 3,4-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-5-yl and 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-6-yl.
  • 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyranyl as used herein includes 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-2-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-4-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-5-yl and 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-6-yl.
  • piperazinyl also known as “piperazidinyl” as used herein includes piperazin-1-yl and piperazin- 2-yl.
  • morpholinyl as used herein includes morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl and morpholin-4-yl.
  • thiomorpholinyl as used herein includes thiomorpholin-2-yl, thiomorpholin-3-yl and thiomorpholin-4-yl.
  • dioxanyl as used herein includes 1,2- dioxan-3-yl, 1,2-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-5-yl and 1,4-dioxan-2-yl.
  • dithianyl as used herein includes 1,2-dithian-3-yl, 1,2-dithian-4-yl, 1,3-dithian-2-yl, 1,3- dithian-4-yl, 1,3-dithian-5-yl and 1,4-dithian-2-yl.
  • oxathianyl as used herein includes oxathian-2-yl and oxathian-3-yl.
  • trioxanyl as used herein includes 1,2,3-trioxan-4-yl, 1,2,3-trioxay-5-yl, 1,2,4-trioxay-3-yl, 1,2,4-trioxay-5-yl, 1,2,4-trioxay-6-yl and 1,3,4-trioxay-2-yl.
  • azepanyl as used herein includes azepan-1-yl, azepan-2-yl, azepan-1-yl, azepan-3-yl and azepan-4-yl.
  • homoopiperazinyl as used herein includes homopiperazin-1-yl, homopiperazin-2-yl, homopiperazin-3-yl and homopiperazin-4-yl.
  • indolinyl as used herein includes indolin-1-yl, indolin-2-yl, indolin-3-yl, indolin-4-yl, indolin-5-yl, indolin-6-yl, and indolin-7-yl.
  • quinolizinyl as used herein includes quinolizidin-1-yl, quinolizidin-2-yl, quinolizidin-3-yl and quinolizidin-4-yl.
  • isoindolinyl as used herein includes isoindolin- 1-yl, isoindolin-2-yl, isoindolin-3-yl, isoindolin-4-yl, isoindolin-5-yl, isoindolin-6-yl, and isoindolin- 7-yl.
  • 3H-indolyl as used herein includes 3H-indol-2-yl, 3H-indol-3-yl, 3H-indol-4-yl, 3H- indol-5-yl, 3H-indol-6-yl, and 3H-indol-7-yl.
  • quinolizinyl as used herein includes quinolizidin-1-yl, quinolizidin-2-yl, quinolizidin-3-yl and quinolizidin-4-yl.
  • quinolizinyl as used herein includes quinolizidin-1-yl, quinolizidin-2-yl, quinolizidin-3-yl and quinolizidin-4-yl.
  • tetrahydroquinolinyl as used herein includes tetrahydroquinolin-1-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-2- yl, tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-6- yl, tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl and tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl.
  • tetrahydroisoquinolinyl as used herein includes tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-5-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl and tetrahydroisoquinolin-8-yl.
  • 1H-pyrrolizine as used herein includes 1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl, 1H-pyrrolizin-2-yl, 1H-pyrrolizin-3-yl, 1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl, 1H- pyrrolizin-6-yl and 1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl.
  • 3H-pyrrolizine as used herein includes 3H- pyrrolizin-1-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-2-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-3-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-5-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-6-yl and 3H- pyrrolizin-7-yl.
  • heterocyclyloxy refers to a group having the formula -O-R i wherein R i is heterocyclyl as defined herein above.
  • heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl as a group or part of a group, means a C 1-6 alkyl as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by at least one heterocyclyl as defined herein.
  • Such rings may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring.
  • heteroaryl include: pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazinyl, dioxinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]furanyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, thieno[2,3-
  • pyrrolyl (also called azolyl) as used herein includes pyrrol-1-yl, pyrrol-2-yl and pyrrol- 3-yl.
  • furanyl (also called “furyl”) as used herein includes furan-2-yl and furan-3-yl (also called furan-2-yl and furan-3-yl).
  • thiophenyl (also called “thienyl”) as used herein includes thiophen-2-yl and thiophen-3-yl (also called thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl).
  • pyrazolyl (also called 1H-pyrazolyl and 1,2-diazolyl) as used herein includes pyrazol-1-yl, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl and pyrazol-5-yl.
  • imidazolyl as used herein includes imidazol- 1-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl and imidazol-5-yl.
  • oxazolyl (also called 1,3-oxazolyl) as used herein includes oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl and oxazol-5-yl.
  • isoxazolyl (also called 1,2-oxazolyl), as used herein includes isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, and isoxazol-5-yl.
  • thiazolyl also called 1,3-thiazolyl
  • thiazol-2-yl thiazol-4-yl
  • thiazol- 5-yl also called 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl and 5-thiazolyl
  • isothiazolyl (also called 1,2- thiazolyl) as used herein includes isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, and isothiazol-5-yl.
  • triazolyl as used herein includes 1H-triazolyl and 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl
  • “1H-triazolyl” includes 1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl and 1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl.
  • “4H-1,2,4-triazolyl” includes 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl, and 4H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl.
  • oxadiazolyl as used herein includes 1,2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3- oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl and 1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl.
  • thiadiazolyl as used herein includes 1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3- thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl (also called furazan-3-yl) and 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl.
  • tetrazolyl as used herein includes 1H-tetrazol- 1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-tetrazol-2-yl, and 2H-tetrazol-5-yl.
  • oxatriazolyl as used herein includes 1,2,3,4-oxatriazol-5-yl and 1,2,3,5-oxatriazol-4-yl.
  • thiatriazolyl as used herein includes 1,2,3,4-thiatriazol-5-yl and 1,2,3,5-thiatriazol-4-yl.
  • pyridinyl also called “pyridyl” as used herein includes pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl and pyridin-4-yl (also called 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl).
  • pyrimidyl as used herein includes pyrimid-2-yl, pyrimid-4-yl, pyrimid-5-yl and pyrimid-6-yl.
  • pyrazinyl as used herein includes pyrazin-2-yl and pyrazin-3-yl.
  • pyridazinyl as used herein includes pyridazin-3-yl and pyridazin-4-yl.
  • oxazinyl also called "1,4-oxazinyl” as used herein includes 1,4-oxazin-4-yl and 1,4- oxazin-5-yl.
  • dioxinyl also called “1,4-dioxinyl”
  • thiazinyl also called “1,4-thiazinyl”
  • 1,4-thiazinyl includes 1,4- thiazin-2-yl, 1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 1,4-thiazin-4-yl, 1,4-thiazin-5-yl and 1,4-thiazin-6-yl.
  • triazinyl as used herein includes 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1,2,4- triazin-6-yl, 1,2,3-triazin-4-yl and 1,2,3-triazin-5-yl.
  • imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl includes imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoi-2-yl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-yl, imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]thiazol-5-yl and imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-6-yl.
  • thieno[3,2-b]furanyl as used herein includes thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-yl, thieno[3,2-b]furan-3-yl, thieno[3,2-b]furan-4-yl, and thieno[3,2-b]furan-5-yl.
  • thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl as used herein includes thieno[3,2- b]thien-2-yl, thieno[3,2-b]thien-3-yl, thieno[3,2-b]thien-5-yl and thieno[3,2-b]thien-6-yl.
  • thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazolyl as used herein includes thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl, thieno[2,3- d][1,3]thiazol-5-yl and thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazol-6-yl.
  • thieno[2,3-d]imidazolyl as used herein includes thieno[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl, thieno[2,3-d]imidazol-4-yl and thieno[2,3-d]imidazol-5- yl.
  • tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl as used herein includes tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-5-yl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-yl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-7-yl, and tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-8-yl.
  • indolyl as used herein includes indol-1-yl, indol-2-yl, indol-3-yl,-indol-4-yl, indol-5-yl, indol- 6-yl and indol-7-yl.
  • indolizinyl as used herein includes indolizin-1-yl, indolizin-2-yl, indolizin-3-yl, indolizin-5-yl, indolizin-6-yl, indolizin-7-yl, and indolizin-8-yl.
  • isoindolyl as used herein includes isoindol-1-yl, isoindol-2-yl, isoindol-3-yl, isoindol-4-yl, isoindol-5-yl, isoindol- 6-yl and isoindol-7-yl.
  • benzofuranyl (also called benzo[b]furanyl) as used herein includes benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, benzofuran-4-yl, benzofuran-5-yl, benzofuran-6-yl and benzofuran-7-yl.
  • isobenzofuranyl (also called benzo[c]furanyl) as used herein includes isobenzofuran-1-yl, isobenzofuran-3-yl, isobenzofuran-4-yl, isobenzofuran-5-yl, isobenzofuran-6- yl and isobenzofuran-7-yl.
  • benzothiophenyl (also called benzo[b]thienyl) as used herein includes 2-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 3-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 4-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 5- benzo[b]thiophenyl, 6-benzo[b]thiophenyl and -7-benzo[b]thiophenyl (also called benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, benzothien-4-yl, benzothien-5-yl, benzothien-6-yl and benzothien-7-yl).
  • isobenzothiophenyl also called benzo[c]thienyl
  • isobenzothien-1-yl isobenzothien-3-yl, isobenzothien-4-yl, isobenzothien-5-yl, isobenzothien-6-yl and isobenzothien- 7-yl.
  • indazolyl (also called 1H-indazolyl or 2-azaindolyl) as used herein includes 1H- indazol-1-yl, 1H-indazol-3-yl, 1H-indazol-4-yl, 1H-indazol-5-yl, 1H-indazol-6-yl, 1H-indazol-7-yl, 2H-indazol-2-yl, 2H-indazol-3-yl, 2H-indazol-4-yl, 2H-indazol-5-yl, 2H-indazol-6-yl, and 2H- indazol-7-yl.
  • benzimidazolyl as used herein includes benzimidazol-1-yl, benzimidazol- 2-yl, benzimidazol-4-yl, benzimidazol-5-yl, benzimidazol-6-yl and benzimidazol-7-yl.
  • 1,3-benzoxazolyl as used herein includes 1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl, 1,3-benzoxazol-4-yl, 1,3- benzoxazol-5-yl, 1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl and 1,3-benzoxazol-7-yl.
  • 1,2-benzisoxazolyl as used herein includes 1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl, 1,2-benzisoxazol-4-yl, 1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl, 1,2- benzisoxazol-6-yl and 1,2-benzisoxazol-7-yl.
  • 2,1-benzisoxazolyl as used herein includes 2,1-benzisoxazol-3-yl, 2,1-benzisoxazol-4-yl, 2,1-benzisoxazol-5-yl, 2,1-benzisoxazol-6- yl and 2,1-benzisoxazol-7-yl.
  • 1,3-benzothiazolyl as used herein includes 1,3- benzothiazol-2-yl, 1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl, 1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl, 1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl and 1,3- benzothiazol-7-yl.
  • 1,2-benzoisothiazolyl as used herein includes 1,2-benzisothiazol-3- yl, 1,2-benzisothiazol-4-yl, 1,2-benzisothiazol-5-yl, 1,2-benzisothiazol-6-yl and 1,2- benzisothiazol-7-yl.
  • 2,1-benzoisothiazolyl as used herein includes 2,1-benzisothiazol- 3-yl, 2,1-benzisothiazol-4-yl, 2,1-benzisothiazol-5-yl, 2,1-benzisothiazol-6-yl and 2,1- benzisothiazol-7-yl.
  • benzotriazolyl as used herein includes benzotriazol-1-yl, benzotriazol-4-yl, benzotriazol-5-yl, benzotriazol-6-yl and benzotriazol-7-yl.
  • 1,2,3- benzoxadiazolyl as used herein includes 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-6-yl and 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl.
  • 2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl as used herein includes 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-6-yl and 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl.
  • 1,2,3-benzothiadiazolyl as used herein includes 1,2,3- benzothiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazol-6-yl and 1,2,3- benzothiadiazol-7-yl.
  • 2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl as used herein includes 2,1,3- benzothiadiazol-4-yl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-6-yl and 2,1,3- benzothiadiazol-7-yl.
  • thienopyridinyl as used herein includes thieno[2,3-b]pyridinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, thieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl and thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl.
  • purinyl as used herein includes purin-2-yl, purin-6-yl, purin-7-yl and purin-8-yl.
  • imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl includes imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl, imidazo[1,2- a]pyridin-4-yl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-yl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7- yl.
  • 1,3-benzodioxolyl includes 1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl, 1,3-benzodioxol- 5-yl, 1,3-benzodioxol-6-yl, and 1,3-benzodioxol-7-yl.
  • quinolinyl as used herein includes quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl, quinolin-7-yl and quinolin-8- yl.
  • isoquinolinyl as used herein includes isoquinolin-1-yl, isoquinolin-3-yl, isoquinolin- 4-yl, isoquinolin-5-yl, isoquinolin-6-yl, isoquinolin-7-yl and isoquinolin-8-yl.
  • cinnolinyl as used herein includes cinnolin-3-yl, cinnolin-4-yl, cinnolin-5-yl, cinnolin-6-yl, cinnolin-7-yl and cinnolin-8-yl.
  • quinazolinyl as used herein includes quinazolin-2-yl, quinazolin-4-yl, quinazolin-5-yl, quinazolin-6-yl, quinazolin-7-yl and quinazolin-8-yl.
  • quixalinyl as used herein includes quinoxalin-2-yl, quinoxalin-5-yl, and quinoxalin-6-yl.
  • heteroaryloxy refers to a group having the formula -O-R k wherein R k is heteroaryl as defined herein above.
  • heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl means a C 1-6 alkyl as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by at least one heteroaryl as defined herein.
  • mono- or di-alkylamino refers to a group of formula -N(R o )(R p ) wherein R o and R p are each independently selected from hydrogen, or alkyl, wherein at least one of R o or R p is alkyl.
  • alkylamino include mono-alkyl amino group (e.g.
  • mono-C 1-6 alkylamino group such as methylamino and ethylamino
  • di-alkylamino group e.g. di-C 1-6 alkylamino group such as dimethylamino and diethylamino
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable mono- or di-alkylamino groups include n-propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, i- butylamino, sec-butylamino, t-butylamino, pentylamino, n-hexylamino, di-n-propylamino, di-i- propylamino, ethylmethylamino, methyl-n-propylamino, methyl-i-propylamino, n- butylmethylamino, i-butylmethylamino, t-butylmethylamino, ethyl-n-propylamino, ethyl-i- propylamino, n-butylethylamino, i-butylethylamino, t-butylethylamino, di-n-butylamino, di-i- butylamin
  • di- or di-heteroarylamino refers to a group of formula -N(R u )(R v ) wherein R u and R v are each independently selected from hydrogen, heteroaryl, or alkyl, wherein at least one of R u or R v is heteroaryl as defined herein.
  • alkyloxycarbonyl as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –COO-R b , wherein R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • cycloalkyloxycarbonyl refers to a group of formula – COO-R b , wherein R b is cycloalkyl as defined herein.
  • aryloxycarbonyl refers to a group of formula –COO-R b , wherein R b is aryl as defined herein.
  • alkylsulfinyl refers to a group of formula –SO-R b , wherein R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • alkylsulfonyl refers to a group of formula –S(O) 2 -R b , wherein R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • mono- or di-alkylaminosulfonyl refers to a group of formula –S(O) 2 -NNR o R p , wherein R o R p are each independently selected from hydrogen, or alkyl, wherein at least one of R o or R p is alkyl.
  • alkylcarbonyl refers to a group of formula –CO-R b , wherein R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • cycloalkylcarbonyl refers to a group of formula –CO-R b , wherein R b is cycloalkyl as defined herein.
  • arylcarbonyl refers to a group of formula –CO-R b , wherein R b is aryl as defined herein.
  • alkylcarbonylamino refers to a group of formula -NR o -CO-R b , wherein R o is selected from hydrogen, or alkyl and R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • alkylsulfonylamino refers to a group of formula -NR o -S(O) 2 -R b , wherein R o is selected from hydrogen, or alkyl and R b is alkyl as defined herein.
  • the term “compounds of the invention” or a similar term is meant to include the compounds of general formula (I), (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH) (IJ) and any subgroup thereof.
  • This term also refers to the compounds as depicted in Table 1 and their derivatives, N-oxides, salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomeric forms, analogues, pro-drugs, esters and metabolites, as well as their quaternized nitrogen analogues.
  • the N-oxide forms of said compounds are meant to comprise compounds wherein one or several nitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so-called N-oxide.
  • stereoisomer‘’ refers to all possible different isomeric as well as conformational forms which the compounds of structural formula herein may possess, in particular all possible stereochemically and conformationally isomeric forms, all diastereomers, enantiomers and/or conformers of the basic molecular structure. Some compounds of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric forms, all of the latter being included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention includes all possible stereoisomers compounds of formula (I) and any subgroup thereof.
  • a compound When a compound is desired as a single enantiomer, such may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis, by resolution of the final product or any convenient intermediate, or by chiral chromatographic methods as each are known in the art. Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material may be effected by any suitable method known in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by E. L. Eliel, S. H. Wilen, and L. N. Mander (Wiley- Interscience, 1994), incorporated by reference with regard to stereochemistry.
  • a structural isomer is a type of isomer in which molecules with the same molecular formula have different bonding patterns and atomic organization.
  • tautomeric isomerism ('tautomerism') can occur.
  • This can take the form of proton tautomerism in compounds of the invention containing, for example, an imino, keto, or oxime group, or so-called valence tautomerism in compounds which contain an aromatic moiety.
  • prodrug as used herein means the pharmacologically acceptable derivatives such as esters, amides and phosphates, such that the resulting in vivo biotransformation product of the derivative is the active drug.
  • the reference by Goodman and Gilman The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th Ed, McGraw-Hill, Int. Ed.
  • Prodrugs of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by modifying functional groups present in said component in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent component.
  • Typical examples of prodrugs are described for instance in WO 99/33795, WO 99/33815, WO 99/33793 and WO 99/33792 all incorporated herein by reference.
  • Prodrugs are characterized by increased bio-availability and are readily metabolized into the active inhibitors in vivo.
  • prodrug means any compound that will be modified to form a drug species, wherein the modification may take place either inside or outside of the body, and either before or after the pre-drug reaches the area of the body where administration of the drug is indicated.
  • Preferred statements (features) and embodiments of the compounds and processes of this invention are now set forth. Each statement and embodiment of the invention so defined may be combined with any other statement and/or embodiments unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, Numbered statements of this invention are: 1.
  • each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond;
  • n is an integer selected from 0, or 1;
  • q is an integer selected from 1, or 2;
  • each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , C, N, and NR 2 ;
  • a 2 is selected from the group consisting of CR 3 , C, and N;
  • a 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, NR 5 , S, and O;
  • each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, and NR 7 ; wherein at least two of A 1 to A 4 is N, NR 2 , NR 5 , NR 7 , S or O;
  • B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, and C 5-12 cyclo
  • each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond;
  • n is an integer selected from 0, or 1;
  • q is an integer selected from 1, or 2;
  • each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , C, N, and NR 2 ;
  • a 2 is selected from the group consisting of CR 3 , C, and N;
  • a 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, and NR 5 ;
  • each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, and NR 7 ; wherein at least two of A 1 to A 4 is N, NR 2 , NR 5 , or NR 7 ;
  • B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl; wherein said C 6-12 aryl,
  • each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , N, or S. 7.
  • a 2 is selected from the group consisting of C, or N.
  • a 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, and NR 5 .
  • each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, or S. 10.
  • B 1 is substituted with one or more Z 1 and/or B 2 is substituted with one or more Z 2 . 11.
  • B 1 is C 6-12 aryl, or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl; wherein said C 6-12 aryl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 1 ; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z 1 .14.
  • B 2 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C 6-12 aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, or more Z 2 .
  • B 2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH 3 ; wherein said heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 2 ; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z 2 . 16.
  • B 2 is selected from the group consisting of 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, and - S(O)CH 3 ; wherein said 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 2 ; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z 2 .
  • L 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, and O; 18.
  • L 1 is a bond. 19.
  • L 2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, and -CO-. 20. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L 2 is a bond. 21. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, and O; and L 2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, O, or . 22.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 23.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R 1 is selected from C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 2-6 alkenylthio, C 2-6 alkynylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylthio, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyloxy, C 2-6 alkynyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl,
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, - S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl, -S(O) 2 heteroaryl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C 1-6 alkyl,
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 6-12 arylamino,
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R 3 is selected from C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 2-6 alkenylthio, C 2-6 alkynylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylthio, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyloxy, C 2-6 alkynyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl,
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, - S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl, -S(O) 2 heteroaryl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C 1-6 alkyl,
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 6-12 arylamino,
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 38.
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R 4 is selected from C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 2-6 alkenylthio, C 2-6 alkynylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylthio, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyloxy, C 2-6 alkynyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl,
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, - S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl, -S(O) 2 heteroaryl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C 1-6 alkyl,
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 6-12 arylamino,
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R 6 is selected from C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 2-6 alkenylthio, C 2-6 alkynylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylthio, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 2-6 alkenyloxy, C 2-6 alkynyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl,
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, - S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclyl, -S(O) 2 heteroaryl, -S(O) 2 heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C 1-6 alkyl,
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyloxy, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 6-12 arylamino,
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, - S(O) 2 C 6-12 aryl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl.
  • R a is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 3 . 54.
  • R a is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 6-12 aryl; wherein said C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, or C 6-12 aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 3 ; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z 3 . 55.
  • R a is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, and hydrogen.
  • R b is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 4 . 57.
  • R b is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 6-12 aryl; wherein said C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, or C 6-12 aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 4 ; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z 4 .
  • R b is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, and hydrogen. 59.
  • R c is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 5 . 60.
  • R c is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 6-12 aryl; wherein said C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, or C 6-12 aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z 5 ; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z 5 .
  • R c is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, and hydrogen.
  • each Z 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, hal
  • each Z 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 2-6 alken
  • each Z 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 6-12 ary
  • each Z 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, amino, -CO 2 R 10 , -C(O)R 10 , -OR 9 , heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl can be unsubstituted or
  • each Z 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, C 6-12 aryl, cyano, amino, -CO 2 R 10 , -C(O)R 10 , -OR 9 , heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, C 6-12 aryl
  • each Z 2 is selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, halo, cyano, amino,-C(O)R 10 , -OR 9 , heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z 2 is selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyloxy, halo, cyano, amino, -C(O)R 10 , -OR 9 , heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyloxy, halo,
  • each Z 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 2-6 alkyl
  • each Z 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 6 alkylamino, di-C 6 alkylamino
  • each Z 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl.
  • each Z 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 2-6 al
  • each Z 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 6-12 alkylamino, di-C 6-12 alkylamino
  • each Z 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl.
  • each Z 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 2-6 alkyl
  • each Z 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 6-12 ary
  • each Z 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC 1-6 alkyl, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl.
  • each Z 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 2-6 alken
  • each Z 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, cyanoC 1-6 alkyl, nitroC 1-6 alkyl, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, C 2-6 alkenylamino, C 2-6 alkynylamino, C 6-12 arylamino, C 3-8 cycloalkylamino, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkylamino, heteroarylC 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 1-6 alkylamino, di-C 6-12 alkylamino, di-C 6-12 alkylamino
  • each R 9 is independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, and heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl.
  • each R 9 is independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • each R 9 is independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • each R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, and heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl. 98. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 99. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.100.
  • each R 11 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, and heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl. 101.
  • each R 11 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 402.
  • each R 11 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • each R 12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, and heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl.
  • each R 12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • each R 12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • each R 10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC 1-6 alkyl, and heteroarylC 1-6 alkyl.
  • each R 10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • each R 10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.
  • B 1 is C 6-12 aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said C 6-12 aryl or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z 1 , preferably wherein Z 1 is nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkoxy; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, haloC 1-6 alkyl, and haloC 1-6 alkoxy are substituted with one, two or three halo, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 alkoxy.
  • the group heteroaryl is selected from a group comprising 5 to 12 carbon-atom aromatic rings or ring systems containing 1 or 2 rings which can be fused together or linked covalently; at least one of which is aromatic in which one or more carbon atoms in one or more of these rings can be replaced by N, O and/or S atoms where the N and S heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the N heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized, wherein said rings may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring.
  • the group heteroaryl is selected from a group comprising 5 to 12 carbon-atom aromatic rings or ring systems containing 1 or 2 rings which can be fused together or linked covalently; at least one of which is aromatic in which one or more carbon atoms in one or more of these rings can be replaced by N, O and/or S atoms where the N and S heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the N heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized,
  • the group heteroaryl is selected from the group comprising pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazinyl, dioxinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]furanyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, thieno[2,3- d][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[2,
  • the group heteroaryl is selected from the group comprising pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyridinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,3-benzoxazolyl, 1,2- benzisoxazolyl, 2,1-benzisoxazo
  • the group heteroaryl is selected from the group comprising pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl.
  • B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl.
  • B 2 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, and 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR 8 , -OR 9 , -S(O) 2 R 10 , -S(O)R 10 , halo, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R 1 is selected from C 1-6 alkylthio, C 6-12 arylthio, C 3-8 cycloalkylthio, C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkylthio, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryloxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 C 6-12 arylC 1-6 alkyl, - S(O)OH, -S(O)C 1-6 alkyl, -S(O)
  • B 1 is C 6-12 aryl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said C 6-12 aryl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z 1 ;
  • B 2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH 3 ; wherein said heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z 2 ; each Z 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, hydroxyC 1-6 alkyl, halo, haloC 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 6-12
  • R a is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, and hydrogen
  • R b is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, and hydrogen
  • R c is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, and hydrogen.
  • B 2 is selected from the group consisting of: and wherein the wavy line 2 indicates the point of attachment to L of the main formula (I), and wherein Z 2 is as disclosed in any one of the previous statements.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) according to any one of the previous statements and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of the previous statements and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • 124. A compound according to any one of statements 1 to 121, or a pharmaceutical composition according to statement 122 or 123, for use as a medicament.
  • 125. A compound or or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; for use as a medicament. 126.
  • each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond;
  • n is an integer selected from 0, or 1;
  • q is an integer selected from 1, or 2;
  • each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , C, N, and NR 2 ;
  • a 2 is selected from the group consisting of CR 3 , C, and N;
  • a 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, NR 5 , S, and O;
  • each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, and NR 7 ; wherein at least two of A 1 to A 4 is N, NR 2 , NR 5 , NR 7 , S or O;
  • B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6
  • the disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
  • XPO1 exportin 1
  • a method of treatment of a disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to any one of statements 1 to 121, 125, or a pharmaceutical composition according to statement 122 or 123, to a patient in need thereof.
  • the disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
  • XPO1 exportin 1
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), and any subgroup thereof such as (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH), (IJ) wherein, each A 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , N, or S; A 2 is selected from the group consisting of C, or N; A 3 is selected from the group consisting of CR 4 , C, N, and NR 5 ; each A 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR 6 , C, N, or S; B 1 is selected from the group consisting of C 6-12 aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C 6-12 aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z 1 ; B 2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C 6-12 aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH 3 ; wherein said heteroaryl, C 6
  • the compounds of the present invention have been found to inhibit XPO1 nuclear export function. Accordingly, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), and any subgroup thereof such as (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG),(IH), (IJ) for use in the prevention or treatment of a disease treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor and are therefore useful for treating or preventing one or more disorders treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor.
  • the “disorder or condition treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor” means any disease or other deleterious condition in which inhibition of XPO1 is beneficial.
  • the disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder (e.g., cancer), an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
  • a proliferative disorder e.g., cancer
  • an inflammatory disorder e.g., an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
  • a proliferative disorder e.g., cancer
  • an inflammatory disorder e.g
  • Cancers treatable by the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, hematologic malignancies (leukemias, lymphomas including CNS lymphomas, myelomas including multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes) and solid tumors (carcinomas such as prostate, breast, lung, colon, brain and central nervous system, pancreatic, liver, renal, ovarian and other gynaecological cancers, as well as soft tissue and osteosarcomas, and stromal tumors).
  • Breast cancer (BC) can include basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and breast cancer that is both BLBC and TNBC.
  • breast cancer can include invasive or non-invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma, tubular, medullary, mucinous, papillary, cribriform carcinoma of the breast, male breast cancer, recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, phyllodes tumor of the breast and Paget' s disease of the nipple.
  • Brain and central nervous system tumors can include but are not limited to astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas, mixed gliomas, pituitary tumors, craniopharyngiomas, pineals tumors, medulloblastomas, meningioma, primary CNS lymphomas, spinal cord tumors, and brain metastases.
  • Inflammatory disorders treatable by the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis syndromes (small, medium and large vessel), atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, mucous colitis, ulcerative colitis, gastritis, sepsis, psoriasis and other dermatological inflammatory disorders (such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, scleroderma, and dermatosis with acute inflammatory components, pemphigus, pemphigoid, allergic dermatitis), and urticaria!
  • dermatological inflammatory disorders such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, scleroderma, and dermatosis with acute inflammatory components, pe
  • Viral diseases treatable by the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, acute febrile pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, infantile gastroenteritis, Coxsackie infections, infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary HSV-1 infection (e.g., gingivostomatitis in children, tonsillitis and pharyngitis in adults, keratoconjunctivitis), latent HSV-1 infection (e.g., herpes labialis and cold sores), primary HSV-2 infection, latent HSV-2 infection, aseptic meningitis, infectious mononucleosis, Cytomegalic inclusion disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, primary effusion lymphoma, AIDS, influenza,
  • Viral diseases treatable by the compounds of this invention also include chronic viral infections, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
  • Exemplary ophthalmology disorders include, but are not limited to, macular edema (diabetic and nondiabetic macular edema), aged related macular degeneration wet and dry forms, aged disciform macular degeneration, cystoid macular edema, palpebral edema, retina edema, diabetic retinopathy, chorioretinopathy, neovascular maculopathy, neovascular glaucoma, uveitis, ulceris, retinal vasculitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis, metastatic ophthalmia, choroiditis, retinal pigment epitheliitis, conjunctivitis, cyclitis, scleritis, episcleritis, optic neuritis, retrobulbar optic neuritis, keratitis,
  • ophthalmic disease associated with hypoxia or ischemia retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, retinal angiomatous proliferation, retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, Coats' disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, pulseless disease (Takayasu's disease), Eales disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, leukemic retinopathy, blood hyperviscosity syndrome, macroglobulinemia, interferon-associated retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency or cataract.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases treatable by a compound of Formula I include, but are not limited to, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig's Disease).
  • Compounds and compositions described herein may also be used to treat disorders of abnormal tissue growth and fibrosis including dilative cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disorder (PKD) and other renal disorders.
  • Compounds and compositions described herein may also be used to treat disorders related to food intake such as obesity and hyperphagia.
  • a compound or composition described herein may be used to treat or prevent allergies and respiratory disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, allergic rhinitis, oxygen toxicity, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and any chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • allergies and respiratory disorders including asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, allergic rhinitis, oxygen toxicity, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and any chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the disorder or condition treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is muscular dystrophy, arthritis, for example, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, sepsis, rheumatic disease, cancer atherosclerosis, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, leptospirosis renal disease, glaucoma, retinal disease, ageing, headache, pain, complex regional pain syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, muscle wasting, catabolic disorders, obesity, fetal growth retardation, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, chronic heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion, stroke, cerebral aneurysm, angina pectoris, pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, acid-induced lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Sjogren's syndrome, hyaline membrane disease, kidney disease, glomerular disease, alcoholic liver disease, gut diseases, peritoneal endometrio
  • the disorder or condition treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is head injury, uveitis, inflammatory pain, allergen induced asthma, non-allergen induced asthma, glomerular nephritis, ulcerative colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever (HIDS), TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), cryopyrin- associated periodic syndromes, Muckle-Wells syndrome (urticaria deafness amyloidosis),familial cold urticaria, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PF AP A syndrome), Blau syndrome, pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne (PAPA), deficiency of the interleukin-I-receptor antagonist (DIRA), subarachnoid hemorrhage, polyc
  • a further and related aspect of the invention relates to methods of treatment of a disease treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor which involve administrating compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof as described herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • the compounds of the invention may be in the form of salts, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as generally described below.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable organic and/or inorganic acids are as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and citric acid, as well as other pharmaceutically acceptable acids known per se (for which reference is made to the prior art referred to below).
  • the compounds of the invention may also form internal salts, and such compounds are within the scope of the invention.
  • the compounds of the invention contain a hydrogen-donating heteroatom (e.g., NH)
  • the invention also covers salts and/or isomers formed by transfer of said hydrogen atom to a basic group or atom within the molecule.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) and any subgroup thereof include the acid addition and base salts thereof. Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts.
  • Examples include the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate,
  • Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Examples include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diolamine, glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, olamine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine and zinc salts. Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulfate and hemicalcium salts.
  • suitable salts see Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, 2002), incorporated herein by reference.
  • the compounds of the invention may exist in a continuum of solid states ranging from fully amorphous to fully crystalline.
  • 'amorphous' refers to a state in which the material lacks long range order at the molecular level and, depending upon temperature, may exhibit the physical properties of a solid or a liquid. Typically such materials do not give distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns and, while exhibiting the properties of a solid, are more formally described as a liquid. Upon heating, a change from solid to liquid properties occurs which is characterized by a change of state, typically second order ('glass transition').
  • 'crystalline' refers to a solid phase in which the material has a regular ordered internal structure at the molecular level and gives a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern with defined peaks.
  • salts of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by one or more of these methods: (i) by reacting the compound of formula (I) with the desired acid; (ii) by reacting the compound of formula (I) with the desired base; (iii) by removing an acid- or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of formula (I) or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid; or (iv) by converting one salt of the compound of formula (I) to another by reaction with an appropriate acid or by means of a suitable ion exchange column.
  • the salt may precipitate from solution and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent.
  • the degree of ionization in the salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
  • the compounds of the invention may also exist in unsolvated and solvated forms.
  • the term 'solvate' is used herein to describe a molecular complex comprising the compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, for example, ethanol.
  • the term 'hydrate' is employed when said solvent is water.
  • a currently accepted classification system for organic hydrates is one that defines isolated site, channel, or metal-ion coordinated hydrates - see Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids by K. R. Morris (Ed. H. G.
  • Isolated site hydrates are ones in which the water molecules are isolated from direct contact with each other by intervening organic molecules.
  • channel hydrates the water molecules lie in lattice channels where they are next to other water molecules.
  • metal-ion coordinated hydrates the water molecules are bonded to the metal ion.
  • multi-component complexes other than salts and solvates
  • complexes of this type include clathrates (drug-host inclusion complexes) and co-crystals.
  • clathrates drug-host inclusion complexes
  • co-crystals The latter are typically defined as crystalline complexes of neutral molecular constituents which are bound together through non-covalent interactions, but could also be a complex of a neutral molecule with a salt.
  • Co-crystals may be prepared by melt crystallization, by recrystallization from solvents, or by physically grinding the components together - see Chem Commun, 17, 1889-1896, by O. Almarsson and M. J.
  • the compounds of the invention may also exist in a mesomorphic state (mesophase or liquid crystal) when subjected to suitable conditions.
  • the mesomorphic state is intermediate between the true crystalline state and the true liquid state (either melt or solution).
  • Mesomorphism arising as the result of a change in temperature is described as 'thermotropic' and that resulting from the addition of a second component, such as water or another solvent, is described as 'lyotropic'.
  • references to compounds of formula (I) or any subgroups thereof include references to salts, solvates, multi-component complexes and liquid crystals thereof and to solvates, multi- component complexes and liquid crystals of salts thereof.
  • the compounds of the invention include compounds of formula (I) or any subgroups thereof as hereinbefore defined, including all polymorphs and crystal habits thereof, prodrugs and isomers thereof (including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers) as hereinafter defined and isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I).
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable as used herein is consistent with the art and means compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical composition and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • carrier or “excipient” includes any and all solvents, diluents, buffers (such as, e.g., neutral buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline), solubilisers, colloids, dispersion media, vehicles, fillers, chelating agents (such as, e.g., EDTA or glutathione), amino acids (such as, e.g., glycine), proteins, disintegrants, binders, lubricants, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorings, aromatisers, thickeners, agents for achieving a depot effect, coatings, antifungal agents, preservatives, antioxidants, tonicity controlling agents, absorption delaying agents, and the like.
  • buffers such as, e.g., neutral buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline
  • solubilisers colloids
  • dispersion media vehicles
  • fillers such as,
  • Illustrative, non-limiting carriers for use in formulating the pharmaceutical compositions include, for example, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, aqueous compositions with or without inclusion of organic co-solvents suitable for intravenous (IV) use, liposomes or surfactant-containing vesicles, microspheres, microbeads and microsomes, powders, tablets, capsules, suppositories, aqueous suspensions, aerosols, and other carriers apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • compositions as intended herein may be formulated for essentially any route of administration, such as without limitation, oral administration (such as, e.g., oral ingestion or inhalation), intranasal administration (such as, e.g., intranasal inhalation or intranasal mucosal application), parenteral administration (such as, e.g., subcutaneous, intravenous (I.V.), intramuscular, intraperitoneal or intrasternal injection or infusion), transdermal or transmucosal (such as, e.g., oral, sublingual, intranasal) administration, topical administration, rectal, vaginal or intra-tracheal instillation, and the like.
  • oral administration such as, e.g., oral ingestion or inhalation
  • intranasal administration such as, e.g., intranasal inhalation or intranasal mucosal application
  • parenteral administration such as, e.g., subcutaneous, intra
  • the therapeutic effects attainable by the methods and compositions can be, for example, systemic, local, tissue-specific, etc., depending of the specific needs of a given application.
  • the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein is administered parenterally.
  • the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein is administered intravenously, for example by infusion.
  • the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein is administered orally.
  • the dosage or amount of the agent as taught herein, optionally in combination with one or more other active compounds to be administered depends on the individual case and is, as is customary, to be adapted to the individual circumstances to achieve an optimum effect.
  • the unit dose and regimen depend on the nature and the severity of the disorder to be treated, and also on factors such as the species of the subject, the sex, age, body weight, general health, diet, mode and time of administration, immune status, and individual responsiveness of the human or animal to be treated, efficacy, metabolic stability and duration of action of the compounds used, on whether the therapy is acute or chronic or prophylactic, or on whether other active compounds are administered in addition to the agent of the invention.
  • the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein can be first administered at different dosing regimens.
  • levels of the agent in a tissue can be monitored using appropriate screening assays as part of a clinical testing procedure, e.g., to determine the efficacy of a given treatment regimen.
  • the frequency of dosing is within the skills and clinical judgement of medical practitioners (e.g., doctors, veterinarians or nurses).
  • the administration regime is established by clinical trials which may establish optimal administration parameters. However, the practitioner may vary such administration regimes according to the one or more of the aforementioned factors, e.g., subject’s age, health, weight, sex and medical status.
  • the frequency of dosing can be varied depending on whether the treatment is prophylactic or therapeutic.
  • Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the agent as described herein or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same can be determined by known pharmaceutical procedures in, for example, cell cultures or experimental animals. These procedures can be used, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50. Pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. While pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit toxic side effects can be used, care should be taken to design a delivery system that targets such compounds to the site of affected tissue in order to minimize potential damage to normal cells (e.g., non-target cells) and, thereby, reduce side effects.
  • LD50 the dose lethal to 50% of the population
  • ED50 the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population
  • the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50.
  • the data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in appropriate subjects.
  • the dosage of such pharmaceutical compositions lies generally within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity.
  • the dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.
  • the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays.
  • a dose can be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range that includes the IC50 (i.e., the concentration of the pharmaceutical composition which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture.
  • IC50 i.e., the concentration of the pharmaceutical composition which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms
  • Example 1 Biological evaluation of the compounds of the invention Cell culture and reference compounds Cancer cell lines Capan-1, HCT-116, NCI-H460, LN-229, HL-60, K-562, Z-138, HeLa, U-87 MG, Molt-4 and Jurkat (clone E6-1) were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).
  • the DND-41 cell line was purchased from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ Leibniz-Institut, Germany) and the Hap-1 cell line was ordered from Horizon Discovery (Horizon Discovery Group, UK). All cell lines were cultured as recommended by the suppliers. Culture media were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences). Stably transfected HeLa NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI were cultured as described in Vercruysse et al., 2017 1 .
  • CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of cell lines was performed as in Neggers et al., 2015 2 to generate XPO1 C528A and/or XPO1 C528S mutant cell lines.
  • Stock solutions of compounds of the invention were prepared in DMSO.
  • XPO1 phenotypic reporter assay To study the XPO1-mediated nuclear export, HeLa cells stably expressing the NLS SV40 -AcGFP- NES PKI reporter cargo protein were seeded at 8000 cells per well in 96-well all clear tissue culture plates (TPP). After overnight growth, cells were treated with different doses of compound or solvent (DMSO) for 2h and then fixed and counterstained with DAPI.
  • DMSO compound or solvent
  • Immunofluorescence staining of p53 was performed in a similar way on both wild type and mutant XPO1 C528S MOLT-4 cells treated with CPD-049 at 20x or 100x the IC 50 obtained in the phenotypic XPO1 assay.
  • Employed antibodies were mouse anti-p53 (DO-1) (sc-126, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 1:100 dilution and secondary Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse antibody at 1:500 dilution (A11001, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific).
  • DO-1 mouse anti-p53
  • secondary Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse antibody at 1:500 dilution
  • the fluorescence in the green channel was quantified by high content image analysis (ArrayScan XTI, ThermoFisher Scientific) for a minimum of 1000 cells per condition.
  • Suspension cell lines HL-60, K-562, Z-138, OCI-Ly3, OCI-Ly7 and OCI-Ly18 were seeded at a density of 2500 cells per well and DND-41 at 5500 cells per well in 384-well tissue culture plates containing the compounds of the invention at the same concentration points as used for the adherent cells.
  • the plates were incubated and monitored at 37°C for 72 h in an IncuCyte® (Essen BioScience Inc., Sartorius) for real-time imaging of cell proliferation.
  • Brightfield images were taken every 3 h, with one field imaged per well under 10x magnification. Cell growth was then quantified based on the percent cellular confluence as analysed by the IncuCyte® image analysis software, and used to calculate IC 50 values by linear interpolation. OCI-Ly3, -7 and -18 cell lines were analysed using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) reagent (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Absorbance of the samples was measured at 490 nm using a SpectraMax Plus 384 (Molecular Devices), and OD values were used to calculate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ). Compounds were tested in at least two independent experiments.
  • MTS CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay
  • CPD-049 was administered different doses of CPD-049, either intravenously (IV) or through oral gavage (PO).
  • CPD-049 was formulated in either 5% DMSO - 5% Solutol HS15 - 90% saline at 1mg/ml; 10% DMSO, 10% Solutol and 80% (10% VE-TPGS in water) at 5mg/ml.
  • Plasma samples were then centrifuged at 2000 g for 5 minutes at 4°C to obtain plasma samples within 15 minutes of blood collection. Brains were collected via dissection and homogenized with 3 volumes (v/w) of PBS. Plasma and brain samples were then mixed with acetonitrile (ACN), a solvent suitable for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and centrifuged at 5800 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was injected into the LCMSMS-18 system (API5500, Qtriple) for analysis. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of the methodology was 2 ng/mL. Samples were analysed by using an LCMSMS-18 system (API5500, Qtriple) instrument.
  • ACN acetonitrile
  • LC/MS liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
  • the lentiviral pLCKO luciferase vector was derived from the pLCKO plasmid, a gift from Jason Moffat (Addgene, #73311).
  • the invariant gRNA scaffold and puromycin resistance gene were replaced with a cytomegalovirus promotor, a firefly luciferase gene (Promega E1310) and a P2A- coupled blasticidin resistance gene.
  • 9 ⁇ 10 6 HEK293T cells were seeded in DMEM (Gibco) + 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life) at 60000 cells/cm2 and incubated overnight.
  • the cells were transfected using X-TremeGENE 9 (Roche) with the pLCKO luciferase vector and lentiviral packaging plasmids pMD2.G (Addgene, #12259) and psPAX2 (Addgene, #12260) and incubated overnight.24 hours after transfection, the medium was changed to DMEM + 1.1g/100 mL bovine serum albumin. Lentiviral particles were harvested 72 hours after transfection and stored at -80°C. Molt-4 or U87-MG cells were transduced with the lentiviral stock along with 8 ⁇ g/mL polybrene.
  • Luciferase expressing cells were selected after 24 hours by adding blasticidin (10 ⁇ g/mL, Gibco) to the cell culture medium. Luciferase expression was confirmed in vitro by adding D-Luciferin (PerkinElmer) to a serial dilution of MOLT-4/Luc2 or U87/Luc2 cells and detection of the emitted photons using an IVIS Lumina S5 system (PerkinElmer).
  • MOLT-4 T-ALL orthotopic mouse model 1 ⁇ 10 6 Molt-4/Luc2 cells were injected intravenously into 8-week old male NOD.Cg- Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl /SzJ (NSG) mice (Charles River Laboratories).
  • mice Leukaemia burden was measured non-invasively using an IVIS Lumina S5 (PerkinElmer) twice a week. Before imaging, mice were anesthetized using 2% isoflurane and injected subcutaneously with 3 mg D-luciferin (PerkinElmer). Bioluminescence (BLI) was recorded when radiance values (photons/sec) reached their maximum value at 10 minutes after luciferin injection. On day 5 after cell inoculation, mice were divided into groups and treated by oral gavage with vehicle or CPD-049 (100 mg/kg) three times a week. Mice were euthanized when they lost 20% of their initial bodyweight or displayed symptoms of end-stage disease (paralysis, ascites, failure to thrive).
  • IVIS Lumina S5 PerkinElmer
  • mice received a subcutaneous meloxicam (5mg/kg, Boehringer Ingelheim) injection one hour before surgery and were anesthetized via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a mixture of ketamine (140 mg/kg, Pfizer) and xylazine (10 mg/kg, Bayer).
  • IP intraperitoneal
  • the animals were immobilized using a stereotactic frame and the cells, suspended in 2 ⁇ l PBS, were inoculated 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma, 2.5 mm lateral from the midline and 2.5 mm below the dura mater with a 26-gauge syringe (Hamilton). Tumor growth was measured non-invasively using an IVIS Lumina S5 (PerkinElmer) twice a week.
  • mice were anesthetized using 2% isoflurane and injected subcutaneously with 3 mg D-luciferin (PerkinElmer). Bioluminescence (BLI) was recorded when radiance values (photons/sec) reached their maximum value at 20 minutes after luciferin injection. On day 5 after cell inoculation, mice were divided into groups and treated by oral gavage with vehicle or CPD- 049 (100 mg/kg) five times a week. Mice were euthanized when they lost 20% of their initial bodyweight or reached grade 3–4 symptoms on a scoring system described in Riva et al., Biol. Open 8, 1–13 (2019).
  • the scoring system consists of five grades: grade 0, no symptoms; grade 1, mild hemi-paresis (mouse moving slower than normal, with no circling behavior); grade 2, moderate hemi-paresis (mouse moving slower, unstable gait with some oscillations or drops, no circling behavior); grade 3, hunched posture, severe hemi-paresis (constant circling behavior, frequent drops, inability to move) or both; grade 4, moribund mouse.
  • BLI data was analysed using One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction in GraphPad Prism software and represented as mean ⁇ SEM. Survival data was analysed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank tests for statistical significance in GraphPad Prism software.
  • the compounds of the invention inhibited the XPO1 nuclear export function.
  • HeLa cells expressing an NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter protein were treated with either DMSO or different concentrations of compounds of the invention.
  • the reporter In steady state, the reporter is mainly localised in the cytoplasm, but is actively imported in the nucleus by the importin ⁇ / ⁇ complex due to the presence of a nuclear localisation signal (NLS).
  • NLS nuclear localisation signal
  • the NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter Upon inhibition of this export (e.g., by knock-down of XPO1 or by pharmacological inhibition of the XPO1 interaction with the NES of the NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter), the NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter will remain trapped inside the nucleus.
  • Compounds of the invention inhibited the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of the NLS SV40 -AcGFP-NES PKI reporter in a dose-dependent manner (Table 2); more specifically CPD-049 did this with similar potency (69.3 ⁇ 11 nM) as reported for selinexor in this same assay (55.7 ⁇ 6.5 nM) ( Vercruysse, T.
  • Table 3 Values in Table 3 are mean ⁇ SEM of at least two independent experiments. Cell viability was reduced in all treated cells lines with an EC 5 5 0 0 ranging from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ M. In other words, CPD- 049 induced potent cytotoxicity in a broad panel of tumor cell lines. Table 3 To show that the anticancer activity of CPD-049 is selectively caused by inhibition of XPO1 nuclear export function and not by other mechanisms we tested its activity on tumor cell lines containing the single residue Cys528 to Ser528 substitution in their XPO1 protein. EC 5 5 0 0 values were obtained from MTS measurements on wild type and mutant XPO1C C52 5 8 2 S 8S cell lines after treatment with CPD-049 for 72h.
  • T-ALL T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
  • CPD-049 treatment delayed tumor growth and significantly increased overall survival compared to the vehicle treated controls (Figure 7A-C).
  • Animal body weight was assessed daily and compared to the baseline at day 5 after inoculation (Figure 7D).
  • Efficacy of CPD-049 in this model is equivalent to that reported of selinexor (Etchin et al. Br. J. Haematol.161, 117–127 (2013). Effect of the compounds of the invention in a U87 MG glioblastoma mouse model.
  • mice To test activity of CPD-049 in vivo on an aggressive brain tumor, we created an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model by intracranial injection of 1 ⁇ 10 5 U87 MG cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene in BALB/c nude mice.
  • BBM orthotopic glioblastoma
  • Tumor growth was assessed biweekly through BLI and normalized to the baseline BLI at day 5 of the experiment. Animal body weight was assessed daily and compared to the baseline at day 5 after inoculation (Figure 8D). Mice were treated 5 ⁇ /week with 100 mg/kg CPD-049 or vehicle control.
  • CPD-049 significantly delayed tumor growth and improved overall survival ( Figure 8A-C). In fact, CPD-049 treatment almost doubled median survival compared to the vehicle control (5 ⁇ CPD-049: day 50, vehicle control: day 26).
  • Example 2 Synthesis of the compounds of the invention All chemicals were bought from Fluorochem, Sigma Aldrich, TCI, ACROS, J&K Scientific or Alfa Aesar and used as received unless otherwise stated. 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker 300 Avance (300 MHz), Bruker 400 Avance (400 MHz) or a Bruker 600 Avance II+ (600 MHz).
  • Attenuated Total Reflectance was used for direct examination of the products, utilizing the Bruker ATR platinum setup.
  • OPUS software was used to analyze the recorded spectra. All samples were applied neat.
  • General procedure A nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between azoles (ring B) and electrophilic ring (ring C). To a solution of electrophilic C-ring in dry solvent were the azole and base added. The reaction mixture was heated to a reaction dependent temperature. The conversion of the reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. When finished, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc and H 2 O, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by column chromatography afforded the compound. I.
  • the second method is based on a copper(I)-catalyzed click reaction (CuAAC) between acetylene B.4 and azide B.3, which itself was prepared by substitution of chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with sodium azide in 77% yield.
  • Product CPD-001 was obtained in 53% yield.
  • Compound B.7 was the starting material for three different analogs i.e., CPD-053, CPD-059 and CPD-060.
  • compound B.7 was methylated with methyl iodide, yielding FR-277 in 82% yield.
  • Triazole FR-277 was further used as nucleophile in the S N Ar reaction with chloro- nitroimidazole 3 yielding CPD-053 in 72% yield.
  • CPD-059 and CPD-060 were obtained via oxidation of CPD-053 by 1 or 5 equivalents mCPBA yielding the products in 76 and 77% yield, respectively.
  • Triazole B.7 500 mg, 1.60 mmol was mixed with methyl iodide (0.10 mL, 1.60 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (243 mg, 1.76 mmol) in dry acetone (2 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, extracted with brine, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.
  • the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent.
  • the products CPD022 and CPD-023 were obtained as a light red solid in 2% yield (1.5 mg) and a dark red solid in 9% yield (6 mg), respectively.
  • FR-102 was obtained as a crude product and directly used in the next step.1-Benzyl-5-chloro-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile FR- 102 (110 mg, 0.50 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (141 mg, 0.50 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs 2 CO 3 (180 mg, 0.55 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.3 mL) at 50 °C for 6 h.
  • Compound FR-146 was prepared starting from methylation of C.20 with methyl iodide yielding two different regioisomers FR-146-2 and FR-146-1 in 76% and 16%, respectively. Next, regioisomer FR-146-2 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-035 in 52%.
  • reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with DCM as the eluent.
  • the solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated.
  • the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-154 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 51% yield (67 mg).
  • Mp 159-161 °C.
  • CoCl 2 (5 g, 0.02 mol) was dissolved in acetone (150 mL) and diacetyldioxime (4.9 g, 0.04 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min and subsequent filtrated. The filtrate was allowed to stand for 18 h and green crystal were formed. The crystals were collected via filtration and were washed with cold acetone. The product was obtained as dark green crystals and was used without further purification.
  • the reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N 2 (3x). Afterwards, a dried, degassed solution of 1:1 HFIP:DCE (10 mL) was added to the reaction tube. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 24h with blue LED light. Afterwards, water was added to the reaction and the water phase was extracted with DCM (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with MTBE/CHCl 3 (3:7) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated.
  • Compound CPD-050 was prepared starting from acetophenone C.26.
  • C.26 was first converted to ketene S,S-acetal FR-255-1 in 85% yield.
  • FR-255-1 was substituted with aniline C.27 yielding ⁇ -thioenaminone SA-13 in 64%.
  • SA-13 was transformed to sulfanyl-triazole SA-31 via a diazo transfer reaction in 75% yield.
  • the sulfanyltriazole SA-31 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole SA-37 in 76% yield.
  • SA-37 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-050 in 53%.
  • both FR-250 and FR-251-1 were oxidized to FR-273 and FR-269 in 77% and 78% yield, respectively.
  • the two regioisomers FR-273 and FR-269 were individually substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compounds CPD-054 and CPD-055 in 61% and 58%, respectively.
  • FR-348B was substituted with methylamine C.29 yielding ⁇ -thioenaminone FR-356 in 77% yield.
  • FR-356 was transformed to sulfanyltriazole FR-380 in 43% yield.
  • the sulfanyltriazole FR-380 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole FR-387 in 55% yield.
  • FR-387 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-069 in 33%.
  • Compound FR-425 was prepared starting from an interrupted CuAAC reaction between alkyne C.33 and phenyl azide C.14 yielding sulfanyltriazole FR-420 in 43% yield. Afterwards, FR-420 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole FR-422 in 44% yield. Finally, FR-422 was substituted with NH- triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-072 in 63%. Compound CPD-072 was further used for the synthesis of CPD-074, CPD-077, CPD-088 and CPD-084.
  • the reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N 2 (3x). Dry DMF (10.5 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. Subsequent, MeI (359.1 mg, 0.16 mL, 2.53 mmol), phenyl azide (250 mg, 0.23 mL, 2.10 mmol) and methyl propiolate (211.7 mg, 0.22 mL, 2.52 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred under an inert atmosphere at room temperature for 30 min and subsequently at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Next, the solids were filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc.
  • reaction was hydrolyzed with a 3 N HCl solution at room temperature for 18 h.
  • the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with Et 2 O (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent.
  • the product CPD-088 was obtained as a colorless oil in 60% yield (31 mg).
  • the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent.
  • the obtained oil was sonicated with heptane and the formed precipitate was collected.
  • the product CPD-076 was obtained as a white solid in 54% yield (75 mg). Mp: 193 – 194 ° C.
  • FR-125 was alkylated with butyl iodide A.2 towards FR-127 in 95% yield. Afterwards, FR-127 was converted towards amide FR- 133 in 95% yield. Subsequent, FR-133 was transformed towards triazole FR-137 in 69% yield. In the last step, a S N Ar was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with FR-137 resulting in CPD-032 in yield of 94%.
  • amide RS-217 was transformed towards a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate upon treatment of DMF-DMA, followed by acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielding NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-218 in 95% yield.
  • a S N Ar was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-218 resulting in CPD-052 in 78% yield.
  • reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo.
  • the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (1:9) as the eluent.
  • the solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated.
  • the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-296 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 51% yield (150 mg).
  • Mp 157-159 °C.
  • FR-366 was transformed to triazole FR-381 in 72% yield.
  • a S N Ar was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with FR-381 resulting in CPD-068 in yield of 78%.
  • Synthesis of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (FR-366) An oven-dried reaction tube was charged with 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid A.16 (500 mg, 2.27 mmol) and 7 mL dry MeOH. H 2 SO 4 (0.03 mL, 0.45 mmol) was added and the reaction was refluxed at 65 °C for 18 h.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer, thereof, wherein n, q, A1, A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in the claims and the description. The present invention also relates to compositions, in particular pharmaceuticals, comprising such compounds, and to uses of such compounds and compositions for the prevention and/or treatment of a disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor, such as a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.

Description

NUCLEAR TRANSPORT MODULATORS Field of the invention The present invention relates to compounds. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as the use of the compounds as a medicament. Background of the invention XPO1 (Exportin 1, also known as Chromosome Region Maintenance 1) is the major mammalian nuclear export protein that facilitates the transport of macromolecules including RNA and protein across the nuclear membrane to the cytoplasm. The gene encoding XPO1 was originally identified in yeast as required to maintain higher order chromosome structure. In mammalian cells, XPO1 was found to bind several nuclear pore proteins and its role in nuclear-cytosolic transport was discovered. In addition to nuclear-cytosolic transport, XPO1 also plays a role in centrosome duplication and spindle assembly, especially in response to DNA damage. The crystal structure of XPO1 shows a helicoidal protein that binds the Ran protein bound to GTP in the center, allowing for a conformational change of its hydrophobic cleft at the outside of the protein that facilitates binding to different cargo proteins through their nuclear export signals (NES). Included in the cadre of cargo are multiple tumor suppressor and oncoproteins as p53, BRCA1, Survivin, NPM, and APC, which function in the nucleus to regulate transcription or aid in chromosomal assembly and movement. An imbalance in the cytosolic level of these cargo proteins has been observed in cancer cells, resulting in either inactivation (tumor suppressor) or an excess of anti-apoptotic activity (oncoprotein). Therefore, nuclear export inhibitors could have beneficial effects in neoplastic and other proliferative disorders. XPO1 inhibition has also been linked to a variety of other ailments, such as inflammatory processes across multiple tissues and organs; dermatologic syndromes including inflammatory dermatoses (atopy, allergic dermatitis, chemical dermatitis, psoriasis), sun-damage (Ultraviolet / UV damage), and infections; neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adenovirus, simian retrovirus type 1, Borna disease virus, influenza (usual strains as well as H1N1 and avian H5N1 strains), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Dengue virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, yellow fever virus, West Nile Virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV); hypertrophic syndromes, including certain forms of congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies; Leber's disorder. Although currently one small molecule XPO1 inhibitor has been approved for use in therapy, it has disadvantages, such as poor blood brain barrier penetration, and it causes many undesirable side effects. Thus there is a need in the art for improved small molecule XPO1 inhibitors that can overcome some of these disadvantages. Summary of the invention The present invention is based on the unexpected finding that at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages can be overcome by small molecules. A first aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, and NR5; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, or NR7; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is a bond, or -CO-; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; or compound or or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; with the proviso that when n is 1, q is 1, A1 is C and A2, A3 and A4 are N, then Z1 is not nitro, - CO2CH3 or CO2CH2CH3; and with the proviso that said compound is not . CO2CH3 or CO2CH2CH3. Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, NR5, S, and O; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, NR7, S or O; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, O, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -S(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, -SR8, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; or compound or , or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; with the proviso that when n is 1, q is 1, A1 is C and A2, A3 and A4 are N, then Z1 is not nitro, - CO2CH3 or CO2CH2CH3. A second aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as described in the first aspect of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In a third aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) as described in the first aspect of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition according to the second aspect of the invention for use as a medicament. According to a fourth aspect, the present invention also encompasses a compound of formula (I) according to the first aspect of the invention of a pharmaceutical or a pharmaceutical composition according to the second aspect of the invention, or a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, NR5, S, and O; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, NR7, S or O; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, O, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -S(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, -SR8, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof for use in the prevention or treatment of a disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor. According to a sixth aspect, the present invention also encompasses a compound according to the first aspect of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition according to the second aspect of the invention for use in the prevention or treatment of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries. The present invention will now be further described. In the following passages, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous. The independent and dependent claims set out particular and preferred features of the invention. Features from the dependent claims may be combined with features of the independent or other dependent claims as appropriate. Brief description of the figures The following description of the figures of specific embodiments of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present teachings, their application or uses. Figure 1 section A represents a graph plotting the percentage of HeLa cells showing predominant nuclear localization of the NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter protein (expressed as HIGH) against the concentration (in µM) of compound CPD-049 according to the invention, administered for 2 hours (hr). Data are collected from two independent experiments and represented as mean ±SEM. Figure 1 section B represents confocal images of representative HeLa reporter cells left untreated (0) or treated with different concentrations (in µM) of compound CPD-049 for 2 hours (scale bar = 25 µm). Figure 2 represents confocal images of Jurkat wildtype cells and Jurkat cells containing a single cysteine to serine substitution in the XPO1 protein at residue 528 (XPO1C528S). The cells were treated with CPD-049 according to the invention, or vehicle control (DMSO) for 2 hours, whereafter RanBP1 was visualized by immunostaining (RanBP1) and the nucleus was stained with DAPI (DAPI) (scale bar = 50 µm). Figure 3 section A represents confocal microscopy images of immunostaining of p53 in MOLT-4 wild type and mutant XPO1C528S cells treated for 4 hours with CPD-049 according to the invention at 20xIC50 (2.8 µM) and 100xIC50 (15 µM), respectively, or with vehicle control (DMSO) (scale bar = 25 µm). Figure 3 section B, represents graphs plotting intensity of the p53 immunofluorescence signal obtained in the experiments described in Figure 3 section A. The average intensity of the entire cell (left panel) or the ratio of the average intensities of nucleus vs cytoplasm (right panel) is plotted against 20xIC50 (2.8 µM) and 100xIC50 (15 µM) of CPD-049 according to the invention, or vehicle control (DMSO). Data are represented as mean ±SEM, p values obtained in 2-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparison test comparing treated cells to vehicle control cells, are represented as follows: **** p<0.0001; *** p<0.0002; ** p<0.002 or *p<0.03. Figure 4 represents experiments to demonstrate the reversibility of XPO1 inhibition by CPD-049 according to the invention: Figure 4 section A represents a graph plotting the % of increase compared to untreated control of the nuclear signal intensity of the NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter protein in HeLa cells upon treatment with the indicated concentrations of compound CPD-049 according to the invention. t0 (pre-wash): situation after 2h incubation with CPD-049 at the indicated concentrations. Cells were also incubated with MG-132 and CHX to inhibit protein turn-over. t24 (post-wash): situation after 2h incubation with CPD-049 at the indicated concentrations, followed by extensive washing and further 24h incubation, during which cells were also continuously treated with MG-132 and CHX. Results are represented as mean ± SEM of 6 samples in three independent experiments and were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction (**** p<0.0001, *** p<0.0002, ** p<0.002, * p<0.03). Figure 4 section B represents a graph plotting % increase compared to untreated control of the nuclear signal intensity of the endogenous XPO1 cargo protein RanBP1 in HeLa cells upon treatment with the indicated concentrations of compound CPD-049 according to the invention. t0 and t24 are as described in Figure 4 section A. Results are represented and analysed as in Figure 4 section A. Figure 5A represents a graph plotting cellular viability of wild type and XPO1C528S MOLT-4 cells against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention, administered for 72h. Data are normalized against data obtained for vehicle control treated cells. Figure 5B represents a graph plotting relative wild type and mutant XPO1C528S K562 cell viability against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention. Figure 5C represents a graph plotting relative wild type and mutant XPO1C528S Jurkat cell viability against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention. Figure 5B represents a graph plotting relative wild type and mutant XPO1C528S HL-60 cell viability against concentration of CPD-049 according to the invention. Figure 6A represents a graph plotting mean plasma concentration of CPD-049 formulated in 5% DMSO - 5% Solutol HS15 - 90% saline at 1mg/ml after IV (dose of 5mg/Kg) or PO (dose 10 mg/Kg) administration against time. Figure 6B represents a graph plotting mean plasma and brain concentration of CPD-049 formulated in 10% DMSO, 10% Solutol and 80%(10% VE-TPGS in water) at 5mg/ml after PO administration (dose 50 mg/Kg) against time. Figure 7 section A represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as tumor burden in NSG mice injected with MOLT-4 cells expressing a luciferase reported gene measured by biweekly BLI. Mice were either treated with vehicle or CPD-049. Data are shown as mean ±SEM (normalized to day 5 after cell inoculation) for n = 9-10. Data is not shown if >50% of the original population has died. Figure 7 section B represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as boxplot of data presented in panel A at day 23. Results were analyzed using One- way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction. Figure 7 section C represents a graph plotting % of survival of NSG mice against time, interpreted as Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank test for n = 10. CPD-049 significantly increases overall survival. Figure 7 section D represents a graph plotting % of weight loss in NSG mice against time. Data are shown as mean ±SEM. Figure 7 section F represents BLI images of tumor burden at day 5 and day 23 of a MOLT-4 survival experiment. Mice were treated 3×/week with CPD-049 or vehicle control. Figure 8 section A represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as tumor burden in BALB/c nude orthotopically injected with U87 MG cells expressing a luciferase reported gene measured by biweekly BLI. Mice were either treated with vehicle or CPD-049. Data are shown as mean ±SEM (normalized to day 5 after cell inoculation) for n = 10. Data is not shown if >50% of the original population has died. Figure 8 section B represents a graph plotting normalized radiance (photons/sec) against time, interpreted as boxplot of data presented in panel A at day 23. Results were analyzed using One- way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction. Figure 8 section C represents a graph plotting % of survival of mice against time, interpreted as Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank test for n = 10. CPD-049 significantly increases overall survival. Figure 8 section D represents graphs plotting % of weight loss in BALB/c nude mice against time. Data are shown as mean ±SEM. Detailed description of the invention Before the present invention is described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular processes, methods, and compounds described, as such processes, methods, and compounds may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims. When describing the compounds and processes of the invention, the terms used are to be construed in accordance with the following definitions, unless a context dictates otherwise. As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an," and "the" include both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, "a compound" means one compound or more than one compound. The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "includes" or "containing", "contains", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps. The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" also include the term “consisting of”. The term "about" as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of +/-10% or less, preferably +/-5% or less, more preferably +/-1% or less, and still more preferably +/-0.1% or less of and from the specified value, insofar such variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. It is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" refers is itself also specifically, and preferably, disclosed. As used herein, the term "and/or," when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a list is described as comprising group A, B, and/or C, the list can comprise A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination, B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination. The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all integer numbers and, where appropriate, fractions subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 can include 1, 2, 3, 4 when referring to, for example, a number of elements, and can also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when referring to, for example, measurements). The recitation of end points also includes the end point values themselves (e.g., from 1.0 to 5.0 includes both 1.0 and 5.0). Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiments but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, definitions for the terms used in the description are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention. When describing the present invention, the terms used are to be construed in accordance with the following definitions, unless a context dictates otherwise. The terms described above and others used in the specification are well understood to those in the art. Whenever the term “substituted” is used herein, it is meant to indicate that one or more hydrogen atoms on the atom indicated in the expression using “substituted” is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the indicated atom’s normal valence is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a chemically stable compound, i.e. a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation from a reaction mixture. Where groups can be substituted, such groups may be substituted with one or more, and preferably one, two or three substituents. Preferred substituents may be selected from but not limited to, for example, the group comprising halo, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cyano, amino, nitro, carboxyl, and mono- or dialkylamino. The term “halo” or “halogen” as a group or part of a group is generic for fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo. The term “hydroxyl” or “hydroxy” as used herein refers to the group -OH. The term “cyano” as used herein refers to the group -C≡N. The term “amino” as used herein refers to the -NH2 group. The term “nitro” as used herein refers to the -NO2 group. The term "carboxy" or “carboxyl” or “hydroxycarbonyl” as used herein refers to the group -CO2H. The term “aminocarbonyl” as used herein refers to the group –CONH2. The term "alkyl", as a group or part of a group, refers to a hydrocarbyl group of formula -CnH2n+1 wherein n is a number greater than or equal to 1. Alkyl groups may be linear or branched and may be substituted as indicated herein. Generally, alkyl groups of this invention comprise from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms. When a subscript is used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain. For example, “C1-6alkyl” includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i- propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl); pentyl and its isomers, hexyl and its isomers. For example, “C1-5alkyl” includes all includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl); pentyl and its isomers. For example, “C1-4alkyl” includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 4 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl). For example “C1- 3alkyl” includes all linear or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 3 carbon atoms, and thus includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl. When the term "alkyl" is used as a suffix following another term, as in "hydroxyalkyl," this is intended to refer to an alkyl group, as defined above, being substituted with one or two (preferably one) substituent(s) selected from the other, specifically-named group, also as defined herein. The term "hydroxyalkyl" therefore refers to a -Ra-OH group wherein Ra is alkylene as defined herein. The term "haloalkyl" as a group or part of a group, refers to an alkyl group having the meaning as defined above wherein one, two, or three hydrogen atoms are each replaced with a halogen as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of such haloalkyl groups include chloromethyl, 1- bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, and the like. The term “alkoxy" or “alkyloxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula –ORb wherein Rb is alkyl as defined herein above. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy. The term “haloC1-6alkoxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -O-Rc, wherein Rc is haloC1-6alkyl as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of suitable haloC1-6alkoxy include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, trichloromethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, 4,4,4-trichlorobutoxy. The term “cycloalkyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a cyclic alkyl group, that is a monovalent, saturated, hydrocarbyl group having 1 or more cyclic structure, and comprising from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; more preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl includes all saturated hydrocarbon groups containing 1 or more rings, including monocyclic or bicyclic groups. The further rings of multi-ring cycloalkyls may be either fused, bridged and/or joined through one or more spiro atoms. When a subscript is used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain. For example, the term “C3- 8cycloalkyl”, a cyclic alkyl group comprising from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C3- 6cycloalkyl”, a cyclic alkyl group comprising from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of C3-12cycloalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicycle[2.2.1]heptan-2yl, (1S,4R)-norbornan-2-yl, (1R,4R)-norbornan-2-yl, (1S,4S)- norbornan-2-yl, (1R,4S)-norbornan-2-yl, 1-adamantyl. The term “cycloalkyloxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula –ORf wherein Rf is cycloalkyl as defined herein above. The term “alkenyl” as a group or part of a group, refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. When a subscript is used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain. For example, the term “C2-6alkenyl” refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched comprising one or more carbon- carbon double bonds and comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. For example, C2-4alkenyl includes all linear, or branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of C2-6alkenyl groups are ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and its isomers, 2-hexenyl and its isomers, 2,4-pentadienyl. and the like. The term “cycloalkenyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a cyclic alkenyl group, that is a monovalent, with at least one unsaturation, hydrocarbyl group having 1 or more cyclic structure, and comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 7 carbon atoms; more preferably from 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Cycloalkenyl includes all unsaturated hydrocarbon groups containing 1 or more rings, including monocyclic or bicyclic groups. The further rings of multi-ring cycloalkenyls may be saturated or unsaturated. The further rings of multi-ring cycloalkyls may be either fused, bridged and/or joined through one or more spiro atoms. When a subscript is used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain. For example, the term “C5- 12cycloalkenyl”, a cyclic alkenyl group comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms. For example, the term “C5-6cycloalkenyl”, a cyclic alkenyl group comprising from 5 to 6 carbon atoms. The term “alkynyl” by itself or as part of another substituent, refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. When a subscript is used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the named group may contain. For example, the term “C2-6alkynyl” refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched comprising one or more carbon- carbon triple bonds and comprising from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. For example, C2-4alkynyl includes all linear, or branched alkynyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Non limiting examples of C2- 6alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and its chain isomers, 2-hexynyl and its chain isomers, and the like. The term “aryl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a polyunsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbyl group having a single ring (i.e. phenyl) or multiple aromatic rings fused together (e.g. naphthyl), or linked covalently, typically comprising 6 to 12 carbon atoms; wherein at least one ring is aromatic, preferably comprising 6 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein at least one ring is aromatic. The aromatic ring may optionally include one to two additional rings (either cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl) fused thereto. Examples of suitable aryl include C6-12aryl, preferably C6-10aryl, more preferably C6-8aryl. Non-limiting examples of aryl comprise phenyl, biphenylyl, biphenylenyl, or 1- or 2-naphthanelyl; 5- or 6-tetralinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-azulenyl, 4-, 5-, 6 or 7-indenyl, 4- or 5-indanyl, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and 1,4- dihydronaphthyl; 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrenyl. A “substituted aryl” refers to an aryl group having one or more substituent(s) (for example 1, 2 or 3 substituent(s), or 1 to 2 substituent(s)), at any available point of attachment. The term “aryloxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula –ORg wherein Rg is aryl as defined herein above. The term "arylalkyl", as a group or part of a group, means a alkyl as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by at least one aryl as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of arylalkyl group include benzyl, phenethyl, dibenzylmethyl, methylphenylmethyl, 3-(2-naphthyl)- butyl, and the like. The terms "heterocyclyl" or “heterocycloalkyl” or "heterocyclo", as a group or part of a group, refer to non-aromatic, fully saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups (for example, 3 to 7 member monocyclic, 7 to 11 member bicyclic, or comprising a total of 3 to 10 ring atoms) which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring; wherein said ring may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring. Each ring of the heterocyclyl group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and/or S, where the N and S heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the N heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized, and wherein at least one carbon atom of heterocyclyl can be oxidized to form at least one C=O. The heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system, where valence allows. The rings of multi-ring heterocycles may be fused, bridged and/or joined through one or more spiro atoms. Non limiting exemplary heterocyclic groups include aziridinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, thietanyl, 2-imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl imidazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, succinimidyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, chromanyl (also known as 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]pyranyl), isoindolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 1- pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, 3,4- dihydro-2H-pyranyl, 3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 2,5-dioximidazolidinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2- oxopyrrolodinyl, indolinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin- 3-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-ylsulfoxide, thiomorpholin-4- ylsulfone, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-oxathianyl, 1,4-dithianyl, 1,3,5-trioxanyl, 1H-pyrrolizinyl, tetrahydro- 1,1-dioxothiophenyl, N- formylpiperazinyl, and morpholin-4-yl. The term “aziridinyl” as used herein includes aziridin-1-yl and aziridin-2-yl. The term “oxyranyl” as used herein includes oxyranyl-2-yl. The term “thiiranyl” as used herein includes thiiran-2-yl. The term “azetidinyl” as used herein includes azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl and azetidin-3-yl. The term “oxetanyl” as used herein includes oxetan-2-yl and oxetan-3-yl. The term “thietanyl” as used herein includes thietan-2-yl and thietan- 3-yl. The term “pyrrolidinyl” as used herein includes pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl and pyrrolidin- 3-yl. The term “tetrahydrofuranyl” as used herein includes tetrahydrofuran-2-yl and tetrahydrofuran-3-yl. The term “tetrahydrothiophenyl” as used herein includes tetrahydrothiophen- 2-yl and tetrahydrothiophen-3-yl. The term “succinimidyl” as used herein includes succinimid-1-yl and succininmid-3-yl. The term “dihydropyrrolyl” as used herein includes 2,3-dihydropyrrol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H- pyrrol-3-yl and 2,5-dihydropyrrol-5-yl. The term “2H-pyrrolyl” as used herein includes 2H-pyrrol- 2-yl, 2H-pyrrol-3-yl, 2H-pyrrol-4-yl and 2H-pyrrol-5-yl. The term “3H-pyrrolyl” as used herein includes 3H-pyrrol-2-yl, 3H-pyrrol-3-yl, 3H-pyrrol-4-yl and 3H-pyrrol-5-yl. The term “dihydrofuranyl” as used herein includes 2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,3- dihydrofuran-4-yl, 2,3-dihydrofuran-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,5- dihydrofuran-4-yl and 2,5-dihydrofuran-5-yl. The term “dihydrothiophenyl” as used herein includes 2,3-dihydrothiophen-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiophen-3-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiophen-4-yl, 2,3- dihydrothiophen-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiophen-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiophen-4- yl and 2,5-dihydrothiophen-5-yl. The term “imidazolidinyl” as used herein includes imidazolidin-1- yl, imidazolidin-2-yl and imidazolidin-4-yl. The term “pyrazolidinyl” as used herein includes pyrazolidin-1-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl and pyrazolidin-4-yl. The term “imidazolinyl” as used herein includes imidazolin-1-yl, imidazolin-2-yl, imidazolin-4-yl and imidazolin-5-yl. The term “pyrazolinyl” as used herein includes 1-pyrazolin-3-yl, 1-pyrazolin-4-yl, 2-pyrazolin-1-yl, 2-pyrazolin-3-yl, 2- pyrazolin-4-yl, 2-pyrazolin-5-yl, 3-pyrazolin-1-yl, 3-pyrazolin-2-yl, 3-pyrazolin-3-yl, 3-pyrazolin-4- yl and 3-pyrazolin-5-yl. The term “dioxolanyl” also known as “1,3-dioxolanyl” as used herein includes dioxolan-2-yl, dioxolan-4-yl and dioxolan-5-yl. The term “dioxolyl” also known as “1,3- dioxolyl” as used herein includes dioxol-2-yl, dioxol-4-yl and dioxol-5-yl. The term “oxazolidinyl” as used herein includes oxazolidin-2-yl, oxazolidin-3-yl, oxazolidin-4-yl and oxazolidin-5-yl. The term “isoxazolidinyl” as used herein includes isoxazolidin-2-yl, isoxazolidin-3-yl, isoxazolidin-4-yl and isoxazolidin-5-yl. The term “oxazolinyl” as used herein includes 2-oxazolinyl-2-yl, 2- oxazolinyl-4-yl, 2-oxazolinyl-5-yl, 3-oxazolinyl-2-yl, 3-oxazolinyl-4-yl, 3-oxazolinyl-5-yl, 4- oxazolinyl-2-yl, 4-oxazolinyl-3-yl, 4-oxazolinyl-4-yl and 4-oxazolinyl-5-yl. The term “isoxazolinyl” as used herein includes 2-isoxazolinyl-3-yl, 2-isoxazolinyl-4-yl, 2-isoxazolinyl-5-yl, 3-isoxazolinyl- 3-yl, 3-isoxazolinyl-4-yl, 3-isoxazolinyl-5-yl, 4-isoxazolinyl-2-yl, 4-isoxazolinyl-3-yl, 4-isoxazolinyl- 4-yl and 4-isoxazolinyl-5-yl. The term “thiazolidinyl” as used herein includes thiazolidin-2-yl, thiazolidin-3-yl, thiazolidin-4-yl and thiazolidin-5-yl. The term “isothiazolidinyl” as used herein includes isothiazolidin-2-yl, isothiazolidin-3-yl, isothiazolidin-4-yl and isothiazolidin-5-yl. The term “chromanyl” as used herein includes chroman-2-yl, chroman-3-yl, chroman-4-yl, chroman-5-yl, chroman-6-yl, chroman-7-yl and chroman-8-yl. The term “thiazolinyl” as used herein includes 2- thiazolinyl-2-yl, 2-thiazolinyl-4-yl, 2-thiazolinyl-5-yl, 3-thiazolinyl-2-yl, 3-thiazolinyl-4-yl, 3- thiazolinyl-5-yl, 4-thiazolinyl-2-yl, 4-thiazolinyl-3-yl, 4-thiazolinyl-4-yl and 4-thiazolinyl-5-yl. The term “isothiazolinyl” as used herein includes 2-isothiazolinyl-3-yl, 2-isothiazolinyl-4-yl, 2- isothiazolinyl-5-yl, 3-isothiazolinyl-3-yl, 3-isothiazolinyl-4-yl, 3-isothiazolinyl-5-yl, 4-isothiazolinyl- 2-yl, 4-isothiazolinyl-3-yl, 4-isothiazolinyl-4-yl and 4-isothiazolinyl-5-yl. The term “piperidyl” also known as “piperidinyl” as used herein includes piperid-1-yl, piperid-2-yl, piperid-3-yl and piperid- 4-yl. The term “dihydropyridinyl” as used herein includes 1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2- dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2- dihydropyridin-6-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 1,4- dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3- dihydropyridin-5-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,5- dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 3,4- dihydropyridin-3-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-5-yl and 3,4-dihydropyridin-6-yl. The term “tetrahydropyridinyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3,4,5- tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3,4,5- tetrahydropyridin-5-yl and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl. The term “tetrahydropyranyl” also known as “oxanyl” or “tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl”, as used herein includes tetrahydropyran-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-3-yl and tetrahydropyran-4-yl. The term “2H-pyranyl” as used herein includes 2H- pyran-2-yl, 2H-pyran-3-yl, 2H-pyran-4-yl, 2H-pyran-5-yl and 2H-pyran-6-yl. The term “4H-pyranyl” as used herein includes 4H-pyran-2-yl, 4H-pyran-3-yl and 4H-pyran-4-yl. The term “3,4-dihydro- 2H-pyranyl” as used herein includes 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl, 3,4- dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl. The term “3,6- dihydro-2H-pyranyl” as used herein includes 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3- yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl and 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl. The term “tetrahydrothiophenyl”, as used herein includes tetrahydrothiophen-2-yl, tetrahydrothiophenyl -3- yl and tetrahydrothiophenyl -4-yl. The term “2H-thiopyranyl” as used herein includes 2H- thiopyran-2-yl, 2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 2H-thiopyran-4-yl, 2H-thiopyran-5-yl and 2H-thiopyran-6-yl. The term “4H-thiopyranyl” as used herein includes 4H-thiopyran-2-yl, 4H-thiopyran-3-yl and 4H- thiopyran-4-yl. The term “3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyranyl” as used herein includes 3,4-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-5-yl and 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-6-yl. The term “3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyranyl” as used herein includes 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-2-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H- thiopyran-4-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-5-yl and 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-6-yl. The term “piperazinyl” also known as “piperazidinyl” as used herein includes piperazin-1-yl and piperazin- 2-yl. The term “morpholinyl” as used herein includes morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl and morpholin-4-yl. The term “thiomorpholinyl” as used herein includes thiomorpholin-2-yl, thiomorpholin-3-yl and thiomorpholin-4-yl. The term “dioxanyl” as used herein includes 1,2- dioxan-3-yl, 1,2-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-5-yl and 1,4-dioxan-2-yl. The term “dithianyl” as used herein includes 1,2-dithian-3-yl, 1,2-dithian-4-yl, 1,3-dithian-2-yl, 1,3- dithian-4-yl, 1,3-dithian-5-yl and 1,4-dithian-2-yl. The term “oxathianyl” as used herein includes oxathian-2-yl and oxathian-3-yl. The term “trioxanyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3-trioxan-4-yl, 1,2,3-trioxay-5-yl, 1,2,4-trioxay-3-yl, 1,2,4-trioxay-5-yl, 1,2,4-trioxay-6-yl and 1,3,4-trioxay-2-yl. The term “azepanyl” as used herein includes azepan-1-yl, azepan-2-yl, azepan-1-yl, azepan-3-yl and azepan-4-yl. The term “homopiperazinyl” as used herein includes homopiperazin-1-yl, homopiperazin-2-yl, homopiperazin-3-yl and homopiperazin-4-yl. The term “indolinyl” as used herein includes indolin-1-yl, indolin-2-yl, indolin-3-yl, indolin-4-yl, indolin-5-yl, indolin-6-yl, and indolin-7-yl. The term “quinolizinyl” as used herein includes quinolizidin-1-yl, quinolizidin-2-yl, quinolizidin-3-yl and quinolizidin-4-yl. The term “isoindolinyl” as used herein includes isoindolin- 1-yl, isoindolin-2-yl, isoindolin-3-yl, isoindolin-4-yl, isoindolin-5-yl, isoindolin-6-yl, and isoindolin- 7-yl. The term “3H-indolyl” as used herein includes 3H-indol-2-yl, 3H-indol-3-yl, 3H-indol-4-yl, 3H- indol-5-yl, 3H-indol-6-yl, and 3H-indol-7-yl. The term “quinolizinyl” as used herein includes quinolizidin-1-yl, quinolizidin-2-yl, quinolizidin-3-yl and quinolizidin-4-yl. The term “quinolizinyl” as used herein includes quinolizidin-1-yl, quinolizidin-2-yl, quinolizidin-3-yl and quinolizidin-4-yl. The term “tetrahydroquinolinyl” as used herein includes tetrahydroquinolin-1-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-2- yl, tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl, tetrahydroquinolin-6- yl, tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl and tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl. The term “tetrahydroisoquinolinyl” as used herein includes tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-5-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl and tetrahydroisoquinolin-8-yl. The term “1H-pyrrolizine” as used herein includes 1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl, 1H-pyrrolizin-2-yl, 1H-pyrrolizin-3-yl, 1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl, 1H- pyrrolizin-6-yl and 1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl. The term “3H-pyrrolizine” as used herein includes 3H- pyrrolizin-1-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-2-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-3-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-5-yl, 3H-pyrrolizin-6-yl and 3H- pyrrolizin-7-yl. The term “heterocyclyloxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula -O-Ri wherein Ri is heterocyclyl as defined herein above. The term "heterocyclylC1-6alkyl", as a group or part of a group, means a C1-6alkyl as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by at least one heterocyclyl as defined herein. The term “heteroaryl” as a group or part of a group, refers but is not limited to 5 to 12 carbon- atom aromatic rings or ring systems containing 1 or 2 rings which can be fused together or linked covalently, typically containing 5 to 6 atoms; at least one of which is aromatic in which one or more carbon atoms in one or more of these rings can be replaced by N, O and/or S atoms where the N and S heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the N heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized, and wherein at least one carbon atom of said heteroaryl can be oxidized to form at least one C=O. Such rings may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring. Non-limiting examples of such heteroaryl, include: pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazinyl, dioxinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]furanyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, thieno[2,3- d][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[2,3-d]imidazolyl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,3-benzoxazolyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, 2,1-benzisoxazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 1,2- benzoisothiazolyl, 2,1-benzoisothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazolyl, 2,1,3- benzoxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazolyl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuranyl, thienopyridinyl, purinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, 6-oxo-pyridazin-1(6H)- yl, 2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl, 6-oxo-pyridazin-1(6H)-yl, 2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl; preferably said heteroaryl group is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, 2,3- dihydro-benzofuranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl and thiazolyl. The term “pyrrolyl” (also called azolyl) as used herein includes pyrrol-1-yl, pyrrol-2-yl and pyrrol- 3-yl. The term “furanyl” (also called "furyl") as used herein includes furan-2-yl and furan-3-yl (also called furan-2-yl and furan-3-yl). The term “thiophenyl” (also called "thienyl") as used herein includes thiophen-2-yl and thiophen-3-yl (also called thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl). The term “pyrazolyl” (also called 1H-pyrazolyl and 1,2-diazolyl) as used herein includes pyrazol-1-yl, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl and pyrazol-5-yl. The term “imidazolyl” as used herein includes imidazol- 1-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl and imidazol-5-yl. The term “oxazolyl” (also called 1,3-oxazolyl) as used herein includes oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl and oxazol-5-yl. The term “isoxazolyl” (also called 1,2-oxazolyl), as used herein includes isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, and isoxazol-5-yl. The term “thiazolyl” (also called 1,3-thiazolyl),as used herein includes thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl and thiazol- 5-yl (also called 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl and 5-thiazolyl). The term “isothiazolyl” (also called 1,2- thiazolyl) as used herein includes isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, and isothiazol-5-yl. The term “triazolyl” as used herein includes 1H-triazolyl and 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, “1H-triazolyl” includes 1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl and 1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl. “4H-1,2,4-triazolyl” includes 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl, and 4H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl. The term “oxadiazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3- oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl and 1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl. The term “thiadiazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3- thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl (also called furazan-3-yl) and 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl. The term “tetrazolyl” as used herein includes 1H-tetrazol- 1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, 2H-tetrazol-2-yl, and 2H-tetrazol-5-yl. The term “oxatriazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3,4-oxatriazol-5-yl and 1,2,3,5-oxatriazol-4-yl. The term “thiatriazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3,4-thiatriazol-5-yl and 1,2,3,5-thiatriazol-4-yl. The term “pyridinyl” (also called "pyridyl") as used herein includes pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl and pyridin-4-yl (also called 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl). The term “pyrimidyl” as used herein includes pyrimid-2-yl, pyrimid-4-yl, pyrimid-5-yl and pyrimid-6-yl. The term “pyrazinyl” as used herein includes pyrazin-2-yl and pyrazin-3-yl. The term “pyridazinyl as used herein includes pyridazin-3-yl and pyridazin-4-yl. The term “oxazinyl” (also called "1,4-oxazinyl") as used herein includes 1,4-oxazin-4-yl and 1,4- oxazin-5-yl. The term “dioxinyl” (also called "1,4-dioxinyl”) as used herein includes 1,4-dioxin-2-yl and 1,4-dioxin-3-yl. The term “thiazinyl” (also called "1,4-thiazinyl”) as used herein includes 1,4- thiazin-2-yl, 1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 1,4-thiazin-4-yl, 1,4-thiazin-5-yl and 1,4-thiazin-6-yl. The term “triazinyl” as used herein includes 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1,2,4- triazin-6-yl, 1,2,3-triazin-4-yl and 1,2,3-triazin-5-yl. The term “imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl” as used herein includes imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoi-2-yl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-yl, imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]thiazol-5-yl and imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-6-yl. The term “thieno[3,2-b]furanyl” as used herein includes thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-yl, thieno[3,2-b]furan-3-yl, thieno[3,2-b]furan-4-yl, and thieno[3,2-b]furan-5-yl. The term “thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl” as used herein includes thieno[3,2- b]thien-2-yl, thieno[3,2-b]thien-3-yl, thieno[3,2-b]thien-5-yl and thieno[3,2-b]thien-6-yl. The term “thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazolyl” as used herein includes thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl, thieno[2,3- d][1,3]thiazol-5-yl and thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazol-6-yl. The term “thieno[2,3-d]imidazolyl” as used herein includes thieno[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl, thieno[2,3-d]imidazol-4-yl and thieno[2,3-d]imidazol-5- yl. The term “tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl” as used herein includes tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-5-yl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-yl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-7-yl, and tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-8-yl. The term “indolyl” as used herein includes indol-1-yl, indol-2-yl, indol-3-yl,-indol-4-yl, indol-5-yl, indol- 6-yl and indol-7-yl. The term “indolizinyl” as used herein includes indolizin-1-yl, indolizin-2-yl, indolizin-3-yl, indolizin-5-yl, indolizin-6-yl, indolizin-7-yl, and indolizin-8-yl. The term “isoindolyl” as used herein includes isoindol-1-yl, isoindol-2-yl, isoindol-3-yl, isoindol-4-yl, isoindol-5-yl, isoindol- 6-yl and isoindol-7-yl. The term “benzofuranyl” (also called benzo[b]furanyl) as used herein includes benzofuran-2-yl, benzofuran-3-yl, benzofuran-4-yl, benzofuran-5-yl, benzofuran-6-yl and benzofuran-7-yl. The term “isobenzofuranyl” (also called benzo[c]furanyl) as used herein includes isobenzofuran-1-yl, isobenzofuran-3-yl, isobenzofuran-4-yl, isobenzofuran-5-yl, isobenzofuran-6- yl and isobenzofuran-7-yl. The term “benzothiophenyl” (also called benzo[b]thienyl) as used herein includes 2-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 3-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 4-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 5- benzo[b]thiophenyl, 6-benzo[b]thiophenyl and -7-benzo[b]thiophenyl (also called benzothien-2-yl, benzothien-3-yl, benzothien-4-yl, benzothien-5-yl, benzothien-6-yl and benzothien-7-yl). The term “isobenzothiophenyl” (also called benzo[c]thienyl) as used herein includes isobenzothien-1-yl, isobenzothien-3-yl, isobenzothien-4-yl, isobenzothien-5-yl, isobenzothien-6-yl and isobenzothien- 7-yl. The term “indazolyl” (also called 1H-indazolyl or 2-azaindolyl) as used herein includes 1H- indazol-1-yl, 1H-indazol-3-yl, 1H-indazol-4-yl, 1H-indazol-5-yl, 1H-indazol-6-yl, 1H-indazol-7-yl, 2H-indazol-2-yl, 2H-indazol-3-yl, 2H-indazol-4-yl, 2H-indazol-5-yl, 2H-indazol-6-yl, and 2H- indazol-7-yl. The term “benzimidazolyl” as used herein includes benzimidazol-1-yl, benzimidazol- 2-yl, benzimidazol-4-yl, benzimidazol-5-yl, benzimidazol-6-yl and benzimidazol-7-yl. The term “1,3-benzoxazolyl” as used herein includes 1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl, 1,3-benzoxazol-4-yl, 1,3- benzoxazol-5-yl, 1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl and 1,3-benzoxazol-7-yl. The term “1,2-benzisoxazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl, 1,2-benzisoxazol-4-yl, 1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl, 1,2- benzisoxazol-6-yl and 1,2-benzisoxazol-7-yl. The term “2,1-benzisoxazolyl” as used herein includes 2,1-benzisoxazol-3-yl, 2,1-benzisoxazol-4-yl, 2,1-benzisoxazol-5-yl, 2,1-benzisoxazol-6- yl and 2,1-benzisoxazol-7-yl. The term “1,3-benzothiazolyl” as used herein includes 1,3- benzothiazol-2-yl, 1,3-benzothiazol-4-yl, 1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl, 1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl and 1,3- benzothiazol-7-yl. The term “1,2-benzoisothiazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2-benzisothiazol-3- yl, 1,2-benzisothiazol-4-yl, 1,2-benzisothiazol-5-yl, 1,2-benzisothiazol-6-yl and 1,2- benzisothiazol-7-yl. The term “2,1-benzoisothiazolyl” as used herein includes 2,1-benzisothiazol- 3-yl, 2,1-benzisothiazol-4-yl, 2,1-benzisothiazol-5-yl, 2,1-benzisothiazol-6-yl and 2,1- benzisothiazol-7-yl. The term “benzotriazolyl” as used herein includes benzotriazol-1-yl, benzotriazol-4-yl, benzotriazol-5-yl, benzotriazol-6-yl and benzotriazol-7-yl. The term “1,2,3- benzoxadiazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-6-yl and 1,2,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl. The term “2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl” as used herein includes 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-6-yl and 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl. The term “1,2,3-benzothiadiazolyl” as used herein includes 1,2,3- benzothiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazol-6-yl and 1,2,3- benzothiadiazol-7-yl. The term “2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl” as used herein includes 2,1,3- benzothiadiazol-4-yl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-6-yl and 2,1,3- benzothiadiazol-7-yl. The term “thienopyridinyl” as used herein includes thieno[2,3-b]pyridinyl, thieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, thieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl and thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl. The term “purinyl” as used herein includes purin-2-yl, purin-6-yl, purin-7-yl and purin-8-yl. The term “imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl”, as used herein includes imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl, imidazo[1,2- a]pyridin-4-yl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-yl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7- yl. The term “1,3-benzodioxolyl”, as used herein includes 1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl, 1,3-benzodioxol- 5-yl, 1,3-benzodioxol-6-yl, and 1,3-benzodioxol-7-yl. The term “quinolinyl” as used herein includes quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl, quinolin-7-yl and quinolin-8- yl. The term “isoquinolinyl” as used herein includes isoquinolin-1-yl, isoquinolin-3-yl, isoquinolin- 4-yl, isoquinolin-5-yl, isoquinolin-6-yl, isoquinolin-7-yl and isoquinolin-8-yl. The term “cinnolinyl” as used herein includes cinnolin-3-yl, cinnolin-4-yl, cinnolin-5-yl, cinnolin-6-yl, cinnolin-7-yl and cinnolin-8-yl. The term “quinazolinyl” as used herein includes quinazolin-2-yl, quinazolin-4-yl, quinazolin-5-yl, quinazolin-6-yl, quinazolin-7-yl and quinazolin-8-yl. The term “quinoxalinyl” as used herein includes quinoxalin-2-yl, quinoxalin-5-yl, and quinoxalin-6-yl. The term “heteroaryloxy”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group having the formula -O-Rk wherein Rk is heteroaryl as defined herein above. The term "heteroarylC1-6alkyl", as a group or part of a group, means a C1-6alkyl as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by at least one heteroaryl as defined herein. The term “mono- or di-alkylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -N(Ro)(Rp) wherein Ro and Rp are each independently selected from hydrogen, or alkyl, wherein at least one of Ro or Rp is alkyl. Thus, alkylamino include mono-alkyl amino group (e.g. mono-C1-6alkylamino group such as methylamino and ethylamino), and di-alkylamino group (e.g. di-C1-6alkylamino group such as dimethylamino and diethylamino). Non-limiting examples of suitable mono- or di-alkylamino groups include n-propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, i- butylamino, sec-butylamino, t-butylamino, pentylamino, n-hexylamino, di-n-propylamino, di-i- propylamino, ethylmethylamino, methyl-n-propylamino, methyl-i-propylamino, n- butylmethylamino, i-butylmethylamino, t-butylmethylamino, ethyl-n-propylamino, ethyl-i- propylamino, n-butylethylamino, i-butylethylamino, t-butylethylamino, di-n-butylamino, di-i- butylamino, methylpentylamino, methylhexylamino, ethylpentylamino, ethylhexylamino, propylpentylamino, propylhexylamino, and the like. The term “mono- or di-arylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -N(Rq)(Rr) wherein Rq and Rr are each independently selected from hydrogen, aryl, or alkyl, wherein at least one of Rq or Rr is aryl. The term “mono- or di-cycloalkylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -N(Rs)(Rt) wherein Rs and Rt are each independently selected from hydrogen, cycloalkyl, alkyl, wherein at least one of Rs or Rt is cycloalkyl. The term “mono- or di-heteroarylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -N(Ru)(Rv) wherein Ru and Rv are each independently selected from hydrogen, heteroaryl, or alkyl, wherein at least one of Ru or Rv is heteroaryl as defined herein. The term “mono- or di-heterocyclylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -N(Rw)(Rx) wherein Rw and Rx are each independently selected from hydrogen, heterocyclyl, or alkyl, wherein at least one of Rw or Rx is heterocyclyl as defined herein. The term “alkyloxycarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –COO-Rb, wherein Rb is alkyl as defined herein. The term “cycloalkyloxycarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula – COO-Rb, wherein Rb is cycloalkyl as defined herein. The term “aryloxycarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –COO-Rb, wherein Rb is aryl as defined herein. The term “alkylsulfinyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –SO-Rb, wherein Rb is alkyl as defined herein. The term “alkylsulfonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –S(O)2-Rb, wherein Rb is alkyl as defined herein. The term “mono- or di-alkylaminosulfonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –S(O)2-NNRoRp, wherein RoRp are each independently selected from hydrogen, or alkyl, wherein at least one of Ro or Rp is alkyl. The term “mono- or dialkylaminocarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –CONRoRp wherein RoRp are each independently selected from hydrogen, or alkyl, wherein at least one of Ro or Rp is alkyl. The term “mono- or dicycloalkylaminocarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –CONRoRp wherein RoRp are each independently selected from hydrogen, or cycloalkyl, wherein at least one of Ro or Rp is cycloalkyl. The term “alkylcarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –CO-Rb, wherein Rb is alkyl as defined herein. The term “cycloalkylcarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –CO-Rb, wherein Rb is cycloalkyl as defined herein. The term “arylcarbonyl”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula –CO-Rb, wherein Rb is aryl as defined herein. The term “alkylcarbonylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -NRo-CO-Rb, wherein Ro is selected from hydrogen, or alkyl and Rb is alkyl as defined herein. The term “alkylsulfonylamino”, as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of formula -NRo-S(O)2-Rb, wherein Ro is selected from hydrogen, or alkyl and Rb is alkyl as defined herein. Whenever used in the present invention the term “compounds of the invention” or a similar term is meant to include the compounds of general formula (I), (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH) (IJ) and any subgroup thereof. This term also refers to the compounds as depicted in Table 1 and their derivatives, N-oxides, salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomeric forms, analogues, pro-drugs, esters and metabolites, as well as their quaternized nitrogen analogues. The N-oxide forms of said compounds are meant to comprise compounds wherein one or several nitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so-called N-oxide. As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term ‘’stereoisomer‘’ refers to all possible different isomeric as well as conformational forms which the compounds of structural formula herein may possess, in particular all possible stereochemically and conformationally isomeric forms, all diastereomers, enantiomers and/or conformers of the basic molecular structure. Some compounds of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric forms, all of the latter being included within the scope of the present invention. The present invention includes all possible stereoisomers compounds of formula (I) and any subgroup thereof. When a compound is desired as a single enantiomer, such may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis, by resolution of the final product or any convenient intermediate, or by chiral chromatographic methods as each are known in the art. Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material may be effected by any suitable method known in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by E. L. Eliel, S. H. Wilen, and L. N. Mander (Wiley- Interscience, 1994), incorporated by reference with regard to stereochemistry. A structural isomer is a type of isomer in which molecules with the same molecular formula have different bonding patterns and atomic organization. Where structural isomers are interconvertible via a low energy barrier, tautomeric isomerism ('tautomerism') can occur. This can take the form of proton tautomerism in compounds of the invention containing, for example, an imino, keto, or oxime group, or so-called valence tautomerism in compounds which contain an aromatic moiety. The term “prodrug” as used herein means the pharmacologically acceptable derivatives such as esters, amides and phosphates, such that the resulting in vivo biotransformation product of the derivative is the active drug. The reference by Goodman and Gilman (The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th Ed, McGraw-Hill, Int. Ed. 1992, “Biotransformation of Drugs”, p 13-15) describing pro-drugs generally is hereby incorporated. Prodrugs of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by modifying functional groups present in said component in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent component. Typical examples of prodrugs are described for instance in WO 99/33795, WO 99/33815, WO 99/33793 and WO 99/33792 all incorporated herein by reference. Prodrugs are characterized by increased bio-availability and are readily metabolized into the active inhibitors in vivo. The term “prodrug”, as used herein, means any compound that will be modified to form a drug species, wherein the modification may take place either inside or outside of the body, and either before or after the pre-drug reaches the area of the body where administration of the drug is indicated. Preferred statements (features) and embodiments of the compounds and processes of this invention are now set forth. Each statement and embodiment of the invention so defined may be combined with any other statement and/or embodiments unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous. A first aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, Numbered statements of this invention are: 1. A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, NR5, S, and O; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, NR7, S or O; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, O, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -S(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, -SR8, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; or compound or , or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; with the proviso that when n is 1, q is 1, A1 is C and A2, A3 and A4 are N, then Z1 is not nitro, - CO2CH3 or CO2CH2CH3. 2. A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, and NR5; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, or NR7; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is a bond, or -CO-; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; or compound or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; with the proviso that when n is 1, q is 1, A1 is C and A2, A3 and A4 are N, then Z1 is not nitro, - CO2CH3 or CO2CH2CH3; and with the proviso that said compound is not 3. The compound according to statement 1 or 2, having structural formula (IA) wherein A1, A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in statement 1 or 2. 4. The compound according to statement 1 or 2, having structural formula (IB) wherein A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in statement 1 or 2. 5. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 4, having structural formula (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH) or (IJ) wherein L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in statement 1 or 2. 6. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 5, wherein each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, N, or S. 7. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 6, wherein A2 is selected from the group consisting of C, or N. 8. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 7, wherein A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, and NR5. 9. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 8, wherein each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, or S. 10. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 9, wherein B1 is substituted with one or more Z1 and/or B2 is substituted with one or more Z2. 11. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 10, wherein B1 is substituted with one, two or three Z1 and/or B2 is substituted with one, two or three Z2. 12. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 11, wherein B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, or more Z1. 13. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 12, wherein B1 is C6-12aryl, or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl; wherein said C6-12aryl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z1.14. The compound according to any one of statements 1 to 13, wherein B2 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, or more Z2. 15. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH3; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z2. 16. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein B2 is selected from the group consisting of 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, and - S(O)CH3; wherein said 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z2. 17. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, and O; 18. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L1 is a bond. 19. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, and -CO-. 20. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L2 is a bond. 21. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein L1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, and O; and L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, O, or . 22. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 23. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R1 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R1 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino. 24. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, --S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, - C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, - C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, - C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, - S(O)2NHheteroaryl, -S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, - NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkenyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkynyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, - NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, -NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 25. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, -S(O)2NHheteroaryl, - S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, -NHC(O)H, - NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, - NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 26. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, nitro, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, - NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 27. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 28. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 29. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl. 30. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 31. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R3 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R3 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino. 32. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, --S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, - C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, - C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, - C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, - S(O)2NHheteroaryl, -S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, - NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkenyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkynyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, - NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, -NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 33. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, -S(O)2NHheteroaryl, - S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, -NHC(O)H, - NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, - NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 34. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, nitro, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, - NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 35. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 36. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 37. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 38. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R4 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R4 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, halo C1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino. 39. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, --S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, - C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, - C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, - C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, - S(O)2NHheteroaryl, -S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, - NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkenyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkynyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, - NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, -NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 40. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, -S(O)2NHheteroaryl, - S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, -NHC(O)H, - NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, - NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 41. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, nitro, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, - NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 42. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 43. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 44. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl. 45. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 46. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R6 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R6 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino. 47. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, --S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, - C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, - C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, - C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, - S(O)2NHheteroaryl, -S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, - NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkenyl, -NHC(O)C2-6alkynyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, - NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, -NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 48. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), - C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, -S(O)2NHheteroaryl, - S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), nitro, -NHC(O)H, - NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, -NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -NHC(O)heterocyclyl, - NHC(O)heteroaryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heterocyclyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)heteroaryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 49. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, - C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, nitro, -NHC(O)H, -NHC(O)C1-6alkyl, - NHC(O)C6-12aryl, -NHC(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)H, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C1-6alkyl, - N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C6-12aryl, -N(C1-6alkyl)C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 50. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, hydroxy, - S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 51. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, thiol, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, nitro, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. 52. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl. 53. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3. 54. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-4alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl; wherein said C1-4alkyl, heteroaryl, or C6-12aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z3. 55. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, and hydrogen. 56. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4. 57. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-4alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl; wherein said C1-4alkyl, heteroaryl, or C6-12aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z4. 58. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, and hydrogen. 59. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5. 60. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-4alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl; wherein said C1-4alkyl, heteroaryl, or C6-12aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; preferably substituted with one, two or three Z5. 61. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, and hydrogen. 62. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 63. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-4alkyl, halo, haloC1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl; wherein said groups can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 64. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, --C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, - C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, - C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)OH, - S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, S(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O )2NH-heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH-heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH-heteroarylC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 65. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, - C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 66. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 67. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, - CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -S(O)OH, -S(O)2NH2, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 68. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 69. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, -CO2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 70. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, halo, C6-12aryl, cyano, amino, -CO2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, halo, C6-12aryl, cyano, amino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; wherein said groups can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy, halo, C6-12aryl, cyano, amino, -CO2H, -CO2C1-4alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, hydroxy, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-4alkyloxy, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; wherein said groups can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 71. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, halo, cyano, amino,-C(O)R10, -OR9, heteroaryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; preferably each Z2 is selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy, halo, cyano, amino, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heteroaryl; wherein said C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-4alkyl, cyanoC1-4alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 2. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, - S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), - S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, - C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, - C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, --C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, - C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, -C(O)NH-heteroaryl, - C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)heterocyclyl, - S(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O) 2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH-heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroarylC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 73. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, - CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, - C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 74. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 75. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -S(O)OH, -S(O)2NH2, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 76. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 77. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 78. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, --C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, - C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, - C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)OH, - S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, - S(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O) 2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH-heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroarylC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 79. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, - C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 80. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 81. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, - CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -S(O)OH, -S(O)2NH2, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 82. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 83. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 84. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, --C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, - C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, - C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)OH, - S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NH, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH-heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH-heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH-heteroarylC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 85. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, - C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 86. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 87. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, - CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -S(O)OH, -S(O)2NH2, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 88. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 89. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 90. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C2-6alkenylamino, di-C2-6alkynylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C2-6alkenyl, -CO2C2-6alkynyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, - S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, - C(O)C2-6alkenyl, -C(O)C2-6alkynyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC2-6alkenyl, --C(O)NHC2-6alkynyl, - C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -C(O)NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH-heterocyclyl, - C(O)NH-heteroaryl, -C(O)NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -C(O)NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)OH, - S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C2-6alkenyl, -S(O)C2-6alkynyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, - S(O)heterocyclyl, -S(O)heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NHC2-6alkenyl, - S(O)2NHC2-6alkynyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2NHC6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH-heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, -S(O)2NH-heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NH-heteroarylC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclylC1-6alkyloxy, heteroarylC1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C2-6alkenylthio, C2-6alkynylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, heterocyclylthio, heteroarylthio, heterocyclylC1-6alkylthio, heteroarylC1-6alkylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 91. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, di-C3-8cycloalkylamino, di-C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, di-heterocyclylamino, di-heteroarylamino, di-heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, di-heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, - CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NHC3-8cycloalkyl, S(O)2NH(C6-12arylC1-6alkyl), S(O)2NHheterocyclyl, S(O)2NHheteroaryl, S(O)2NH(heterocyclylC1-6alkyl), -S(O)2NH(heteroarylC1-6alkyl),- -COH, - C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, -C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH- heterocyclyl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C6-12aryloxy, C3-12cycloalkyloxy, C6-12arylC1-6alkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, heteroaryloxy, C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 92. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, - CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, -CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, -CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, - S(O)2C6-12aryl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, -S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHC1-6alkyl, -C(O)NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, - S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, S(O)2NHC6-12aryl, -S(O)2NH-heteroaryl, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 93. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, C1-6alkylamino, C2-6alkenylamino, C2-6alkynylamino, C6-12arylamino, C3-8cycloalkylamino, C6-12arylC1-6alkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, heterocyclylC1-6alkylamino, heteroarylC1-6alkylamino, di-C1-6alkylamino, di-C6-12arylamino, C=O, -CO2H, -CO2C1-6alkyl, -CO2C6-12aryl, - CO2C3-8cycloalkyl, -CO2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heterocyclyl, -CO2heteroaryl, - CO2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -CO2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C6-12aryl, - S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heterocyclyl, -S(O)2heteroaryl, - S(O)2heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2heteroarylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)2NH2, -S(O)2NHC1-6alkyl, - S(O)2NHC6-12aryl,) -COH, -C(O)C1-6alkyl, -C(O)C6-12aryl, -C(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, -C(O)heterocyclyl, - C(O)heteroaryl, -C(O)NH2, -S(O)OH, -S(O)2NH2, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 94. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R9 is independently selected from C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl. 95. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R9 is independently selected from C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 96. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R9 is independently selected from C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 97. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl. 98. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 99. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl.100. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R11 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl. 101. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R11 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 402. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R11 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 103. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl. 104. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 105. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 106. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl. 107. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 108. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein each R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl. 109. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein B1 is C6-12aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said C6-12aryl or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z1, preferably wherein Z1 is nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkoxy; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, haloC1-6alkyl, and haloC1-6alkoxy are substituted with one, two or three halo, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy. 110. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein the group heteroaryl is selected from a group comprising 5 to 12 carbon-atom aromatic rings or ring systems containing 1 or 2 rings which can be fused together or linked covalently; at least one of which is aromatic in which one or more carbon atoms in one or more of these rings can be replaced by N, O and/or S atoms where the N and S heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the N heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized, wherein said rings may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring. 111. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein the group heteroaryl is selected from the group comprising pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazinyl, dioxinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]furanyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, thieno[2,3- d][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[2,3-d]imidazolyl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,3-benzoxazolyl, 1,2-benzisoxazolyl, 2,1-benzisoxazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 1,2- benzoisothiazolyl, 2,1-benzoisothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazolyl, 2,1,3- benzoxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazolyl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuranyl, thienopyridinyl, purinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, 6-oxo-pyridazin-1(6H)- yl, 2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl, 6-oxo-pyridazin-1(6H)-yl, 2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl. 112. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein the group heteroaryl is selected from the group comprising pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyridinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,3-benzoxazolyl, 1,2- benzisoxazolyl, 2,1-benzisoxazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl, 1,2-benzoisothiazolyl, 2,1- benzoisothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, 1,2,3-benzoxadiazolyl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl, 1,2,3- benzothiadiazolyl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one, purinyl, imidazo[1,2- a]pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl. 113. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein the group heteroaryl is selected from the group comprising pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl. 114. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein the group heterocyclyl is selected from the group comprising non-aromatic, fully saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom- containing ring; preferably the group heterocyclyl is selected comprising non-aromatic, fully saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic groups which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring, wherein said ring may be fused to an aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring; wherein each ring of the heterocyclyl group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and/or S, where the N and S heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the N heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized; and wherein at least one carbon atom of heterocyclyl can be oxidized to form at least one C=O. 115. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein the group heterocyclyl is selected from the group comprising aziridinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, thietanyl, 2-imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl imidazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidinyl, chromanyl, succinimidyl, 3H- indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, 2- oxopiperazinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, 3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 2,5- dioximidazolidinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, indolinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl, tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4- yl, thiomorpholin-4-ylsulfoxide, thiomorpholin-4-ylsulfone, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-oxathianyl, 1,4- dithianyl, 1,3,5-trioxanyl, 1H-pyrrolizinyl, tetrahydro-1,1-dioxothiophenyl, N-formylpiperazinyl, and morpholin-4-yl; and wherein at least one carbon atom of heterocyclyl can be oxidized to form at least one C=O. 116. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl. 117. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein B2 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, and 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl. 118. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R1 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R1 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R3 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R3 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R4 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R4 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R4 is selected from C1-6alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-6alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, - S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-6alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; preferably R4 is selected from C1-4alkylthio, C6-12arylthio, C3-8cycloalkylthio, C6-12arylC1-6alkylthio, C1-4alkyloxy, C6-12aryloxy, C3-8cycloalkyloxy, -S(O)2OH, -S(O)2C1-4alkyl, -S(O)2C3-8cycloalkyl, -S(O)2C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, -S(O)OH, -S(O)C1-4alkyl, -S(O)C6-12aryl, -S(O)C3-8cycloalkyl, halo, C1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyl, haloC1-4alkyloxy, hydroxy, cyano, and amino; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, or C6-12aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, or C6-12aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, or C6-12aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyloxy, -OR9, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -S(O)R10, -OR9, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; with the proviso that when A1 is C and A2, A3 and A4 are N, then Z2 is not -S(O)2C1-6alkyl or -S(O)C1-6alkyl. 119. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein, B1 is C6-12aryl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl; wherein said C6-12aryl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH3; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z2; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of haloC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, , or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, amino, --C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy. 120. The compound according to any one of the previous statements, wherein, Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, and hydrogen; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, and hydrogen; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, and hydrogen. 121. The compound according to any one the previous statements, wherein B2 is selected from the group consisting of: and wherein the wavy line 2 indicates the point of attachment to L of the main formula (I), and wherein Z2 is as disclosed in any one of the previous statements. 122. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) according to any one of the previous statements and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 123. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of the previous statements and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 124. A compound according to any one of statements 1 to 121, or a pharmaceutical composition according to statement 122 or 123, for use as a medicament. 125. A compound or or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; for use as a medicament. 126. A compound according to any one of statements 1 to 121, 125 or a pharmaceutical composition according to statement 122 or 123, or a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, NR5, S, and O; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, NR7, S or O; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, -CO-, S, O, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -S(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, -SR8, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof, for use in the prevention or treatment of a disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor. 127. The compound for use according to statement 94126, wherein the disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries. 128. A method of treatment of a disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to any one of statements 1 to 121, 125, or a pharmaceutical composition according to statement 122 or 123, to a patient in need thereof. 129. The method of treatment according to statement 128, wherein the disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), and any subgroup thereof such as (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH), (IJ) wherein, each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, N, or S; A2 is selected from the group consisting of C, or N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, and NR5; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, or S; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH3; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z2; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. Particularly preferred compounds of the invention are those compounds listed in Table 1. Table 1
The compounds of the present invention have been found to inhibit XPO1 nuclear export function. Accordingly, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), and any subgroup thereof such as (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG),(IH), (IJ) for use in the prevention or treatment of a disease treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor and are therefore useful for treating or preventing one or more disorders treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor. As used herein, the “disorder or condition treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor", means any disease or other deleterious condition in which inhibition of XPO1 is beneficial. Accordingly, another embodiment of the present invention relates to treating or lessening the severity of one or more diseases in which inhibition of XPO1 is beneficial. In some embodiments, the disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder (e.g., cancer), an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries. Cancers treatable by the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, hematologic malignancies (leukemias, lymphomas including CNS lymphomas, myelomas including multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes) and solid tumors (carcinomas such as prostate, breast, lung, colon, brain and central nervous system, pancreatic, liver, renal, ovarian and other gynaecological cancers, as well as soft tissue and osteosarcomas, and stromal tumors). Breast cancer (BC) can include basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and breast cancer that is both BLBC and TNBC. In addition, breast cancer can include invasive or non-invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma, tubular, medullary, mucinous, papillary, cribriform carcinoma of the breast, male breast cancer, recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, phyllodes tumor of the breast and Paget' s disease of the nipple. Brain and central nervous system tumors can include but are not limited to astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas, mixed gliomas, pituitary tumors, craniopharyngiomas, pineals tumors, medulloblastomas, meningioma, primary CNS lymphomas, spinal cord tumors, and brain metastases. Inflammatory disorders treatable by the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis syndromes (small, medium and large vessel), atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, mucous colitis, ulcerative colitis, gastritis, sepsis, psoriasis and other dermatological inflammatory disorders (such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, scleroderma, and dermatosis with acute inflammatory components, pemphigus, pemphigoid, allergic dermatitis), and urticaria! syndromes. Viral diseases treatable by the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, acute febrile pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, infantile gastroenteritis, Coxsackie infections, infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary HSV-1 infection (e.g., gingivostomatitis in children, tonsillitis and pharyngitis in adults, keratoconjunctivitis), latent HSV-1 infection (e.g., herpes labialis and cold sores), primary HSV-2 infection, latent HSV-2 infection, aseptic meningitis, infectious mononucleosis, Cytomegalic inclusion disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, primary effusion lymphoma, AIDS, influenza, Reye syndrome, measles, postinfectious encephalomyelitis, Mumps, hyperplastic epithelial lesions (e.g., common, flat, plantar and anogenital warts, laryngeal papillomas, epidermodysplasia verruciformis), cervical carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas, croup, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, common cold, Sars Coronavirus infections, Poliomyelitis, Rabies, influenza-like syndrome, severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia, German measles, congenital rubella, Varicella, and herpes zoster. Viral diseases treatable by the compounds of this invention also include chronic viral infections, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Exemplary ophthalmology disorders include, but are not limited to, macular edema (diabetic and nondiabetic macular edema), aged related macular degeneration wet and dry forms, aged disciform macular degeneration, cystoid macular edema, palpebral edema, retina edema, diabetic retinopathy, chorioretinopathy, neovascular maculopathy, neovascular glaucoma, uveitis, iritis, retinal vasculitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis, metastatic ophthalmia, choroiditis, retinal pigment epitheliitis, conjunctivitis, cyclitis, scleritis, episcleritis, optic neuritis, retrobulbar optic neuritis, keratitis, blepharitis, exudative retinal detachment, corneal ulcer, conjunctiva! ulcer, chronic nummular keratitis, ophthalmic disease associated with hypoxia or ischemia, retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, retinal angiomatous proliferation, retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, Coats' disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, pulseless disease (Takayasu's disease), Eales disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, leukemic retinopathy, blood hyperviscosity syndrome, macroglobulinemia, interferon-associated retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency or cataract. Neurodegenerative diseases treatable by a compound of Formula I include, but are not limited to, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig's Disease). Compounds and compositions described herein may also be used to treat disorders of abnormal tissue growth and fibrosis including dilative cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disorder (PKD) and other renal disorders. Compounds and compositions described herein may also be used to treat disorders related to food intake such as obesity and hyperphagia. In another embodiment, a compound or composition described herein may be used to treat or prevent allergies and respiratory disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, allergic rhinitis, oxygen toxicity, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and any chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In some embodiments, the disorder or condition treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is muscular dystrophy, arthritis, for example, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, sepsis, rheumatic disease, cancer atherosclerosis, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, leptospirosis renal disease, glaucoma, retinal disease, ageing, headache, pain, complex regional pain syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, muscle wasting, catabolic disorders, obesity, fetal growth retardation, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, chronic heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion, stroke, cerebral aneurysm, angina pectoris, pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, acid-induced lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Sjogren's syndrome, hyaline membrane disease, kidney disease, glomerular disease, alcoholic liver disease, gut diseases, peritoneal endometriosis, skin diseases, nasal sinusitis, mesothelioma, anhidrotic ecodermal dysplasia-ID, behcet's disease, incontinentia pigmenti, tuberculosis, asthma, Crohn’s disease, colitis, ocular allergy, appendicitis, Paget' s disease, pancreatitis, periodontitis, endometriosis, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory lung disease, silica-induced diseases, sleep apnea, AIDS, HIV-I, autoimmune diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus, lupus nephritis, familial Mediterranean fever, hereditary periodic fever syndrome, psychosocial stress diseases, neuropathological diseases, familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, inflammatory neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington' s disease, cataracts, or hearing loss. In other embodiments, the disorder or condition treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor is head injury, uveitis, inflammatory pain, allergen induced asthma, non-allergen induced asthma, glomerular nephritis, ulcerative colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever (HIDS), TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), cryopyrin- associated periodic syndromes, Muckle-Wells syndrome (urticaria deafness amyloidosis),familial cold urticaria, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PF AP A syndrome), Blau syndrome, pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne (PAPA), deficiency of the interleukin-I-receptor antagonist (DIRA), subarachnoid hemorrhage, polycystic kidney disease, transplant, organ transplant, tissue transplant, myelodysplastic syndrome, irritant-induced inflammation, plant irritant-induced inflammation, poison ivy/ urushiol oil-induced inflammation, chemical irritant- induced inflammation, bee sting-induced inflammation, insect bite-induced inflammation, sunburn, burns, dermatitis, endotoxemia, lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, alcoholic hepatitis, or kidney injury caused by parasitic infections. A further and related aspect of the invention relates to methods of treatment of a disease treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor which involve administrating compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof as described herein to a subject in need thereof. The compounds of the invention may be in the form of salts, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as generally described below. Some preferred, but non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable organic and/or inorganic acids are as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and citric acid, as well as other pharmaceutically acceptable acids known per se (for which reference is made to the prior art referred to below). When the compounds of the invention contain an acidic group as well as a basic group the compounds of the invention may also form internal salts, and such compounds are within the scope of the invention. When the compounds of the invention contain a hydrogen-donating heteroatom (e.g., NH), the invention also covers salts and/or isomers formed by transfer of said hydrogen atom to a basic group or atom within the molecule. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) and any subgroup thereof include the acid addition and base salts thereof. Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Examples include the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate and xinofoate salts. Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Examples include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diolamine, glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, olamine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine and zinc salts. Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulfate and hemicalcium salts. For a review on suitable salts, see Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, 2002), incorporated herein by reference. The compounds of the invention may exist in a continuum of solid states ranging from fully amorphous to fully crystalline. The term 'amorphous' refers to a state in which the material lacks long range order at the molecular level and, depending upon temperature, may exhibit the physical properties of a solid or a liquid. Typically such materials do not give distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns and, while exhibiting the properties of a solid, are more formally described as a liquid. Upon heating, a change from solid to liquid properties occurs which is characterized by a change of state, typically second order ('glass transition'). The term 'crystalline' refers to a solid phase in which the material has a regular ordered internal structure at the molecular level and gives a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern with defined peaks. Such materials when heated sufficiently will also exhibit the properties of a liquid, but the change from solid to liquid is characterized by a phase change, typically first order ('melting point'). Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by one or more of these methods: (i) by reacting the compound of formula (I) with the desired acid; (ii) by reacting the compound of formula (I) with the desired base; (iii) by removing an acid- or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of formula (I) or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid; or (iv) by converting one salt of the compound of formula (I) to another by reaction with an appropriate acid or by means of a suitable ion exchange column. All these reactions are typically carried out in solution. The salt may precipitate from solution and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized. The compounds of the invention may also exist in unsolvated and solvated forms. The term 'solvate' is used herein to describe a molecular complex comprising the compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, for example, ethanol. The term 'hydrate' is employed when said solvent is water. A currently accepted classification system for organic hydrates is one that defines isolated site, channel, or metal-ion coordinated hydrates - see Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids by K. R. Morris (Ed. H. G. Britain, Marcel Dekker, 1995), incorporated herein by reference. Isolated site hydrates are ones in which the water molecules are isolated from direct contact with each other by intervening organic molecules. In channel hydrates, the water molecules lie in lattice channels where they are next to other water molecules. In metal-ion coordinated hydrates, the water molecules are bonded to the metal ion. When the solvent or water is tightly bound, the complex will have a well-defined stoichiometry independent of humidity. When, however, the solvent or water is weakly bound, as in channel solvates and hygroscopic compounds, the water/solvent content will be dependent on humidity and drying conditions. In such cases, non-stoichiometry will be the norm. Also included within the scope of the invention are multi-component complexes (other than salts and solvates) wherein the drug and at least one other component are present in stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts. Complexes of this type include clathrates (drug-host inclusion complexes) and co-crystals. The latter are typically defined as crystalline complexes of neutral molecular constituents which are bound together through non-covalent interactions, but could also be a complex of a neutral molecule with a salt. Co-crystals may be prepared by melt crystallization, by recrystallization from solvents, or by physically grinding the components together - see Chem Commun, 17, 1889-1896, by O. Almarsson and M. J. Zaworotko (2004), incorporated herein by reference. For a general review of multi-component complexes, see J Pharm Sci, 64 (8), 1269-1288, by Haleblian (August 1975), incorporated herein by reference. The compounds of the invention may also exist in a mesomorphic state (mesophase or liquid crystal) when subjected to suitable conditions. The mesomorphic state is intermediate between the true crystalline state and the true liquid state (either melt or solution). Mesomorphism arising as the result of a change in temperature is described as 'thermotropic' and that resulting from the addition of a second component, such as water or another solvent, is described as 'lyotropic'. Compounds that have the potential to form lyotropic mesophases are described as 'amphiphilic' and consist of molecules which possess an ionic (such as -COO-Na+, -COO-K+, or -SO3-Na+) or non-ionic (such as -N-N+(CH3)3) polar head group. For more information, see Crystals and the Polarizing Microscope by N. H. Hartshorne and A. Stuart, 4th Edition (Edward Arnold, 1970), incorporated herein by reference. All references to compounds of formula (I) or any subgroups thereof include references to salts, solvates, multi-component complexes and liquid crystals thereof and to solvates, multi- component complexes and liquid crystals of salts thereof. The compounds of the invention include compounds of formula (I) or any subgroups thereof as hereinbefore defined, including all polymorphs and crystal habits thereof, prodrugs and isomers thereof (including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers) as hereinafter defined and isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I). In addition, although generally, with respect to the salts of the compounds of the invention, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferred, it should be noted that the invention in its broadest sense also included non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which may for example be used in the isolation and/or purification of the compounds of the invention. A further aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” as used herein is consistent with the art and means compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical composition and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. As used herein, “carrier” or “excipient” includes any and all solvents, diluents, buffers (such as, e.g., neutral buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline), solubilisers, colloids, dispersion media, vehicles, fillers, chelating agents (such as, e.g., EDTA or glutathione), amino acids (such as, e.g., glycine), proteins, disintegrants, binders, lubricants, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorings, aromatisers, thickeners, agents for achieving a depot effect, coatings, antifungal agents, preservatives, antioxidants, tonicity controlling agents, absorption delaying agents, and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active substance, its use in the therapeutic compositions may be contemplated. Illustrative, non-limiting carriers for use in formulating the pharmaceutical compositions include, for example, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, aqueous compositions with or without inclusion of organic co-solvents suitable for intravenous (IV) use, liposomes or surfactant-containing vesicles, microspheres, microbeads and microsomes, powders, tablets, capsules, suppositories, aqueous suspensions, aerosols, and other carriers apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Pharmaceutical compositions as intended herein may be formulated for essentially any route of administration, such as without limitation, oral administration (such as, e.g., oral ingestion or inhalation), intranasal administration (such as, e.g., intranasal inhalation or intranasal mucosal application), parenteral administration (such as, e.g., subcutaneous, intravenous (I.V.), intramuscular, intraperitoneal or intrasternal injection or infusion), transdermal or transmucosal (such as, e.g., oral, sublingual, intranasal) administration, topical administration, rectal, vaginal or intra-tracheal instillation, and the like. In this way, the therapeutic effects attainable by the methods and compositions can be, for example, systemic, local, tissue-specific, etc., depending of the specific needs of a given application. In some embodiments, the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein is administered parenterally. Preferably, the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein is administered intravenously, for example by infusion. In some embodiments, the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein is administered orally. The dosage or amount of the agent as taught herein, optionally in combination with one or more other active compounds to be administered, depends on the individual case and is, as is customary, to be adapted to the individual circumstances to achieve an optimum effect. Thus, the unit dose and regimen depend on the nature and the severity of the disorder to be treated, and also on factors such as the species of the subject, the sex, age, body weight, general health, diet, mode and time of administration, immune status, and individual responsiveness of the human or animal to be treated, efficacy, metabolic stability and duration of action of the compounds used, on whether the therapy is acute or chronic or prophylactic, or on whether other active compounds are administered in addition to the agent of the invention. In order to optimize therapeutic efficacy, the compound or the pharmaceutical composition as taught herein can be first administered at different dosing regimens. Typically, levels of the agent in a tissue can be monitored using appropriate screening assays as part of a clinical testing procedure, e.g., to determine the efficacy of a given treatment regimen. The frequency of dosing is within the skills and clinical judgement of medical practitioners (e.g., doctors, veterinarians or nurses). Typically, the administration regime is established by clinical trials which may establish optimal administration parameters. However, the practitioner may vary such administration regimes according to the one or more of the aforementioned factors, e.g., subject’s age, health, weight, sex and medical status. The frequency of dosing can be varied depending on whether the treatment is prophylactic or therapeutic. Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the agent as described herein or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same can be determined by known pharmaceutical procedures in, for example, cell cultures or experimental animals. These procedures can be used, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50. Pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. While pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit toxic side effects can be used, care should be taken to design a delivery system that targets such compounds to the site of affected tissue in order to minimize potential damage to normal cells (e.g., non-target cells) and, thereby, reduce side effects. The data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in appropriate subjects. The dosage of such pharmaceutical compositions lies generally within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. For a pharmaceutical composition used as described herein, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays. A dose can be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range that includes the IC50 (i.e., the concentration of the pharmaceutical composition which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture. Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans. Levels in plasma can be measured, for example, by high performance liquid chromatography. In a particular embodiment, the compound as taught herein is the main or only active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition. Examples The following examples are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and by no means should be interpreted to limit the scope of the present invention. Example 1. Biological evaluation of the compounds of the invention Cell culture and reference compounds Cancer cell lines Capan-1, HCT-116, NCI-H460, LN-229, HL-60, K-562, Z-138, HeLa, U-87 MG, Molt-4 and Jurkat (clone E6-1) were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The DND-41 cell line was purchased from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ Leibniz-Institut, Germany) and the Hap-1 cell line was ordered from Horizon Discovery (Horizon Discovery Group, UK). All cell lines were cultured as recommended by the suppliers. Culture media were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences). Stably transfected HeLa NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI were cultured as described in Vercruysse et al., 20171. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of cell lines was performed as in Neggers et al., 20152 to generate XPO1C528A and/or XPO1C528S mutant cell lines. Stock solutions of compounds of the invention were prepared in DMSO. XPO1 phenotypic reporter assay To study the XPO1-mediated nuclear export, HeLa cells stably expressing the NLSSV40-AcGFP- NESPKI reporter cargo protein were seeded at 8000 cells per well in 96-well all clear tissue culture plates (TPP). After overnight growth, cells were treated with different doses of compound or solvent (DMSO) for 2h and then fixed and counterstained with DAPI. Fluorescence was read on an ArrayScan XTI High Content Reader (ThermoFisher Scientific). Nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments were segmented and their average pixel intensities in the green channel (Ac GFP) were quantitated employing the HCS Studio software. Genedata Screener software was used for dose-response curve fitting and calculation of EC50 values based on the percentage of cells having a predominant nuclear localization of the reporter construct (ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic signal equal or above 1.4). Selinexor was also tested as reference. The compounds of the invention were tested in two to four independent experiments. Results are depicted in Table 2. Immunofluorescence staining RanBP1 immunofluorescence staining was performed on both wild type and mutant XPO1C528S Jurkat cells treated for 3h with a compound of the invention at 2.5 µM or solvent (DMSO) only. Cells were harvested at 400 x g, washed in PBS and then transferred into an 8-well µ-Slide (Ibidi), pretreated with 0.1% (w/v) poly-L-lysine (Sigma). Cells were allowed to adhere to the slides and then subsequently fixed (4% PFA in PBS), washed and permeabilized (0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS). Further immunofluorescence staining was then performed according to standard procedures. Employed antibodies were rabbit anti-RanBP1 (ab97659, Abcam) at a 1:500 dilution and secondary Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit antibody at 1:500 dilution (A11008, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific). Cell nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and the samples were imaged by confocal microscopy on a Leica TCS SP5 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems), employing a HCX PL APO 63x (NA 1.2) water immersion objective. Immunofluorescence staining of p53 was performed in a similar way on both wild type and mutant XPO1C528S MOLT-4 cells treated with CPD-049 at 20x or 100x the IC50 obtained in the phenotypic XPO1 assay. Employed antibodies were mouse anti-p53 (DO-1) (sc-126, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 1:100 dilution and secondary Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse antibody at 1:500 dilution (A11001, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific). The fluorescence in the green channel was quantified by high content image analysis (ArrayScan XTI, ThermoFisher Scientific) for a minimum of 1000 cells per condition. Both the ratio of the mean pixel intensities in nucleus vs cytoplasm, as well as the mean pixel intensity of the entire cell was calculated. Results were compared to the DMSO control condition using Dunnett's multiple comparisons test (**** p<0.0001 or ** p<0.002) in GraphPad Prism and are depicted as mean ± SEM. Representative images were taken by confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation assays Adherent cell lines Capan-1, Hap-1, HCT-116, NCI-H460, LN-229 and U-87 MG cells were seeded at a density of 500 (for Capan-1) or 1500 (all other cell lines) cells per well, in 384-well tissue culture plates (Greiner). After overnight growth, the cells were treated with different concentrations of the compounds of the invention. Suspension cell lines HL-60, K-562, Z-138, OCI-Ly3, OCI-Ly7 and OCI-Ly18 were seeded at a density of 2500 cells per well and DND-41 at 5500 cells per well in 384-well tissue culture plates containing the compounds of the invention at the same concentration points as used for the adherent cells. For all cell lines except OCI-Ly3, - 7 and -18 the plates were incubated and monitored at 37°C for 72 h in an IncuCyte® (Essen BioScience Inc., Sartorius) for real-time imaging of cell proliferation. Brightfield images were taken every 3 h, with one field imaged per well under 10x magnification. Cell growth was then quantified based on the percent cellular confluence as analysed by the IncuCyte® image analysis software, and used to calculate IC50 values by linear interpolation. OCI-Ly3, -7 and -18 cell lines were analysed using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) reagent (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Absorbance of the samples was measured at 490 nm using a SpectraMax Plus 384 (Molecular Devices), and OD values were used to calculate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Compounds were tested in at least two independent experiments. Reversibility test To test the reversibility of compound binding to XPO1, a wash experiment was performed. For this purpose, two 96-well plates were seeded with either HeLa NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter cells or HeLa wild type cells. The next day they were treated with CPD-049 in a range of concentrations from 560 nM (i.e., approximately the IC90 obtained in the phenotypic XPO1 functional cargo export assay) to 17.5 nM. To prevent protein turnover during the time-course of the experiment, cells were additionally treated with 5 µM of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and 5 µg/ml of protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). After 2h incubation, cells in the first plate were fixed. Cells in the second plate were washed three times for 5 minutes with PBS containing MG-132 and CHX. They were then further incubated in medium with MG-132 and CHX. After 24h the cells in the second plate were fixed. The HeLa wild type cells were immunostained for RanBP1 as described above. All cells (HeLa NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter cells and HeLa wild type cells) were counterstained with DAPI and then analysed in the ArrayScan XTI High Content Reader to determine the localisation of the NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter construct or RanBP1 cargo and to calculate the percentage of cells having a predominant nuclear localisation, as described above (XPO1 phenotypic reporter assay). Results were analysed using 2-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction (**** p<0.0001, *** p<0.0002, ** p<0.002, * p<0.03) in GraphPad Prism software. Data are from three independent experiments and depicted as mean ± SEM. Pharmacokinetic analysis Male 6-8 week old CD1 mice or male 6-8 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered different doses of CPD-049, either intravenously (IV) or through oral gavage (PO). CPD-049 was formulated in either 5% DMSO - 5% Solutol HS15 - 90% saline at 1mg/ml; 10% DMSO, 10% Solutol and 80% (10% VE-TPGS in water) at 5mg/ml. Blood and brain samples were obtained 5-15-30 minutes and 1-2-4-8-24 hours after treatment. Blood was obtained via retro-orbital puncture or cardiac puncture under anesthesia with isoflurane (n = 3/timepoint). Blood samples were then centrifuged at 2000 g for 5 minutes at 4°C to obtain plasma samples within 15 minutes of blood collection. Brains were collected via dissection and homogenized with 3 volumes (v/w) of PBS. Plasma and brain samples were then mixed with acetonitrile (ACN), a solvent suitable for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and centrifuged at 5800 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was injected into the LCMSMS-18 system (API5500, Qtriple) for analysis. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of the methodology was 2 ng/mL. Samples were analysed by using an LCMSMS-18 system (API5500, Qtriple) instrument. Column: waters BEH C18 (2.1×50 mm, 1.7 µm); Flow rate: 0.60 mL/min; Mobile Phase A: H2O-0.025%FA- 1mM NH4OAc ; Mobile Phase B: MeOH-0.025%FA-1mM NH4OAc; MS conditions: Positive ion, ESI MRM detection; PK parameters were estimated by non-compartmental model using WinNonlin 6.4; F value was determined by the following equation: If AUClast/AUCINF＞80%: F=(AUCINF-PO×DOSEIV)/(AUCINF-IV×DOSEPO)*100%; If AUClast/AUCINF＜80%: F=(AUClast-PO×DOSEIV)/(AUClast-IV×DOSEPO)*100% Generation of luciferase expressing cancer cell lines for xenografting. The lentiviral pLCKO luciferase vector was derived from the pLCKO plasmid, a gift from Jason Moffat (Addgene, #73311). The invariant gRNA scaffold and puromycin resistance gene were replaced with a cytomegalovirus promotor, a firefly luciferase gene (Promega E1310) and a P2A- coupled blasticidin resistance gene. To produce lentiviral particles, 9 × 106 HEK293T cells were seeded in DMEM (Gibco) + 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life) at 60000 cells/cm² and incubated overnight. After 24 hours the cells were transfected using X-TremeGENE 9 (Roche) with the pLCKO luciferase vector and lentiviral packaging plasmids pMD2.G (Addgene, #12259) and psPAX2 (Addgene, #12260) and incubated overnight.24 hours after transfection, the medium was changed to DMEM + 1.1g/100 mL bovine serum albumin. Lentiviral particles were harvested 72 hours after transfection and stored at -80°C. Molt-4 or U87-MG cells were transduced with the lentiviral stock along with 8 µg/mL polybrene. Luciferase expressing cells were selected after 24 hours by adding blasticidin (10 µg/mL, Gibco) to the cell culture medium. Luciferase expression was confirmed in vitro by adding D-Luciferin (PerkinElmer) to a serial dilution of MOLT-4/Luc2 or U87/Luc2 cells and detection of the emitted photons using an IVIS Lumina S5 system (PerkinElmer). MOLT-4 T-ALL orthotopic mouse model 1 × 106 Molt-4/Luc2 cells were injected intravenously into 8-week old male NOD.Cg- PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice (Charles River Laboratories). Leukaemia burden was measured non-invasively using an IVIS Lumina S5 (PerkinElmer) twice a week. Before imaging, mice were anesthetized using 2% isoflurane and injected subcutaneously with 3 mg D-luciferin (PerkinElmer). Bioluminescence (BLI) was recorded when radiance values (photons/sec) reached their maximum value at 10 minutes after luciferin injection. On day 5 after cell inoculation, mice were divided into groups and treated by oral gavage with vehicle or CPD-049 (100 mg/kg) three times a week. Mice were euthanized when they lost 20% of their initial bodyweight or displayed symptoms of end-stage disease (paralysis, ascites, failure to thrive). BLI data was analysed using One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction in GraphPad Prism software and represented as mean ± SEM. Survival data was analysed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank tests for statistical significance in GraphPad Prism software. Statistical significance is indicated as **** p<0.0001, *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05. U87 MG GBM orthotopic mouse model 1 × 105 U87 MG/luc2 cells were injected intracranially into 8-week old female CAnN.Cg- Foxn1nu/Crl (BALB/c Nude) mice (Charles River Laboratories) following a procedure adapted from Riva et al., Biol. Open 8, 1–13 (2019). Briefly, mice received a subcutaneous meloxicam (5mg/kg, Boehringer Ingelheim) injection one hour before surgery and were anesthetized via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a mixture of ketamine (140 mg/kg, Pfizer) and xylazine (10 mg/kg, Bayer). The animals were immobilized using a stereotactic frame and the cells, suspended in 2 μl PBS, were inoculated 0.5 mm anterior to the bregma, 2.5 mm lateral from the midline and 2.5 mm below the dura mater with a 26-gauge syringe (Hamilton). Tumor growth was measured non-invasively using an IVIS Lumina S5 (PerkinElmer) twice a week. Before imaging, mice were anesthetized using 2% isoflurane and injected subcutaneously with 3 mg D-luciferin (PerkinElmer). Bioluminescence (BLI) was recorded when radiance values (photons/sec) reached their maximum value at 20 minutes after luciferin injection. On day 5 after cell inoculation, mice were divided into groups and treated by oral gavage with vehicle or CPD- 049 (100 mg/kg) five times a week. Mice were euthanized when they lost 20% of their initial bodyweight or reached grade 3–4 symptoms on a scoring system described in Riva et al., Biol. Open 8, 1–13 (2019). The scoring system consists of five grades: grade 0, no symptoms; grade 1, mild hemi-paresis (mouse moving slower than normal, with no circling behavior); grade 2, moderate hemi-paresis (mouse moving slower, unstable gait with some oscillations or drops, no circling behavior); grade 3, hunched posture, severe hemi-paresis (constant circling behavior, frequent drops, inability to move) or both; grade 4, moribund mouse. BLI data was analysed using One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with Sidak correction in GraphPad Prism software and represented as mean ± SEM. Survival data was analysed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank tests for statistical significance in GraphPad Prism software. Statistical significance is indicated as **** p<0.0001, *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05. Results The compounds of the invention inhibited the XPO1 nuclear export function. To measure the inhibitory activity of the compounds of the invention on XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cargo, HeLa cells expressing an NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter protein (Vercruysse, T. et al., Clin. Cancer Res.23, (2017)) were treated with either DMSO or different concentrations of compounds of the invention. In steady state, the reporter is mainly localised in the cytoplasm, but is actively imported in the nucleus by the importinα/β complex due to the presence of a nuclear localisation signal (NLS). However, because of a stronger nuclear export signal (NES) the reporter is quickly exported back to the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, this NES binds to the XPO1/RanGTP complex and is consequently exported to cytoplasm (Fornerod, M., Ohno, M., Yoshida, M. & Mattaj, I. W., Cell 90, 1051–1060 (1997), Ossareh-Nazari, B., Bachelerie, F. & Dargemont, C., Science (80-. ), 278, 141–144 (1997)). Upon inhibition of this export (e.g., by knock-down of XPO1 or by pharmacological inhibition of the XPO1 interaction with the NES of the NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter), the NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter will remain trapped inside the nucleus. Compounds of the invention inhibited the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of the NLSSV40-AcGFP-NESPKI reporter in a dose-dependent manner (Table 2); more specifically CPD-049 did this with similar potency (69.3 ± 11 nM) as reported for selinexor in this same assay (55.7 ± 6.5 nM)(Vercruysse, T. et al., Clin. Cancer Res.23, (2017) (Figure 1). Table 2. EC50 values of compounds in the XPO1 dependent nuclear transport assay Inhibition of XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cellular cargo. To investigate whether compound CPD-049 also inhibited nuclear export of endogenous cellular cargo, we stained RanBP1 in Jurkat cells. RanBP1 is a cargo of XPO1 (Künzler, M., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol.20, (2000) that is actively exported from the nucleus by XPO1 and localizes mainly to the cytoplasm (Figure 2). Upon treatment of wild-type Jurkat cells for 3 hours with 2.5 µM CPD-049, RanBP1 accumulated in the nucleus as a result from the inhibition of the XPO1-mediated nuclear export. In mutant XPO1C528S expressing cells, RanBP1 subcellular localization was unaffected, showing that a single substitution of the XPO1 cysteine528 residue is sufficient to confer resistance against compound CPD-049. Similar results have been reported for selinexor. These results highlight the selectivity of compound CPD-049 and indicate that the mechanism of action of compound CPD- 049 requires the presence of the cysteine 528 residue in the hydrophobic NES binding groove of XPO1. Because restoration/induction of p53 nuclear localization promotes tumor suppression and because p53 is an important cargo protein of XPO1, we next investigated whether p53 localization was affected by compound CPD-049. Treatment of wild-type MOLT-4 leukemia cells with compound CPD-049 resulted in an increased p53 nuclear level as well as increased absolute p53 level (Figure 3), similar to the effect reported with selinexor (Vercruysse, T. et al. Clin. Cancer Res.23, (2017)). Again, in mutant MOLT-4 cells, containing a single residue Cys528 to Ser528 substitution in their XPO1 protein, compound CPD-049 was unable to increase p53 (nuclear) levels, illustrating its selective activity on XPO1. Inhibition of XPO1 by compound CPD-049 is reversible. To investigate whether compound CPD- 049 inhibits XPO1 function in a reversible manner, we treated HeLa cells expressing the NLSSV40- AcGFP-NESPKI reporter (see Figure 1) with different concentrations of compound for 2 hrs. As expected, compound CPD-049 inhibited XPO1-mediated nuclear export of cargo (Figure 4A). Then cells were extensively washed with PBS to remove the compound, and further incubated for another 24hrs. During the entire experiment cells were also treated with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide to prevent both novel protein production and protein degradation. Next, cells were fixed and imaged for cargo localisation. Cells treated with compound CPD-049 were able to restore the cargo localization to the cytoplasm (nuclear export) to a great extent (Figure 4A). These results show that compound CPD-049 inhibits XPO1 function in a reversible way. Similar results were obtained for the cellular cargo RanBP1 (Figure 4B). Effect of the compounds of the invention in cancer cell proliferation. To evaluate the potential of the compounds of the invention to inhibit tumor cell line proliferation, several human cancer cell lines were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations compound CPD-049. Tumor cell viability was assessed after 72 hours of treatment (Figure 5). EC5500 values were obtained by real- time imaging of tumor cell proliferation or from MTS measurements after treatment with CPD-049 for 72h. Values in Table 3 are mean ± SEM of at least two independent experiments. Cell viability was reduced in all treated cells lines with an EC5500 ranging from 0.1 to 1 µM. In other words, CPD- 049 induced potent cytotoxicity in a broad panel of tumor cell lines. Table 3 To show that the anticancer activity of CPD-049 is selectively caused by inhibition of XPO1 nuclear export function and not by other mechanisms we tested its activity on tumor cell lines containing the single residue Cys528 to Ser528 substitution in their XPO1 protein. EC5500 values were obtained from MTS measurements on wild type and mutant XPO1CC52582S8S cell lines after treatment with CPD-049 for 72h. The results in Table 4 are the mean ± SEM of two independent experiments. As demonstrated in Figures 2 and 3 this substitution abolishes the XPO1 inhibitory activity by CPD-049. Compound CPD-049 potently inhibited the growth of the wild-type cells Figure 5 and Table 4) while the XPO1C528S mutant cells were resistant up to micromolar concentrations. Similar results with selinexor have been reported in the same assay. These results directly link the XPO1 inhibitory activity of CPD-049 to its tumor cell line proliferation inhibitory activity and indicate that the inhibition of tumor cell line proliferation by CPD-049 is caused by the selective inhibition of XPO1. In addition, these results also demonstrate that CPD- 049 interacts with Cys528 of the XPO1 receptor. Table 4 Pharmacokinetic properties of CPD-049. To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CPD- 049, male CD1 mice were dosed intravenously (IV) (5 mg/kg) or through oral gavage (PO) (10 mg/kg) (Formulation was 5% DMSO - 5% Solutol HS15 - 90% saline at 1mg/ml). Plasma samples were obtained at multiple timepoints and the plasma concentration of CPD-049 was determined via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) (Figure 6). Table 5 shows the plasma concentrations of CPD-049 after IV administration, whereas Table 6 shows the plasma concentrations after oral gavage. Plasma half-life after IV administration was 0.997 hours, compared to 3.13 hours after oral gavage. Oral bioavailability (F) was 74.4%. Table 5 Table 6 To further investigate body distribution of CPD-049, the brain concentration after oral gavage was assessed. Male CD1 mice were administered 50 mg/kg CPD-049 (formulation used was 10% DMSO, 10% Solutol and 80%(10% VE-TPGS in water) at 5mg/ml). Plasma as well as brain samples were collected at multiple timepoints. The plasma and brain concentrations of CPD-049 were then determined via LC/MS (Figure 6B). Table 7 shows the plasma and brain concentrations of CPD-049 after oral gavage. Table 8 shows the brain/plasma ratio after oral gavage. Interestingly, brain concentrations were higher than plasma concentrations resulting in a brain- plasma ratio of 2.84. Accordingly, CPD-049 is orally bioavailable and shows excellent blood-brain barrier permeability Table 7 Table 8
Effect of the compounds of the invention in a MOLT-4 leukemia mouse model. To investigate the activity of CPD-049 in vivo we established a T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) orthotopic model in NOD.Cg-PrkdcSCID Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. 1 × 106 MOLT-4 cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene were injected intravenously. On day 5, mice (n = 20) were divided into groups of equal BLI and treated with vehicle control or 100 mg/kg CPD-049 three times a week. Tumor growth was assessed biweekly through bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and normalized to the baseline BLI at day 5 of the experiment. CPD-049 treatment delayed tumor growth and significantly increased overall survival compared to the vehicle treated controls (Figure 7A-C). Animal body weight was assessed daily and compared to the baseline at day 5 after inoculation (Figure 7D). Efficacy of CPD-049 in this model is equivalent to that reported of selinexor (Etchin et al. Br. J. Haematol.161, 117–127 (2013). Effect of the compounds of the invention in a U87 MG glioblastoma mouse model. To test activity of CPD-049 in vivo on an aggressive brain tumor, we created an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model by intracranial injection of 1 × 105 U87 MG cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene in BALB/c nude mice. At day 5 after cell inoculation, we measured initial tumor burden through BLI and divided the mice into groups of equal BLI. Tumor growth was assessed biweekly through BLI and normalized to the baseline BLI at day 5 of the experiment. Animal body weight was assessed daily and compared to the baseline at day 5 after inoculation (Figure 8D). Mice were treated 5×/week with 100 mg/kg CPD-049 or vehicle control. CPD-049 significantly delayed tumor growth and improved overall survival (Figure 8A-C). In fact, CPD-049 treatment almost doubled median survival compared to the vehicle control (5× CPD-049: day 50, vehicle control: day 26). Example 2. Synthesis of the compounds of the invention All chemicals were bought from Fluorochem, Sigma Aldrich, TCI, ACROS, J&K Scientific or Alfa Aesar and used as received unless otherwise stated.1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker 300 Avance (300 MHz), Bruker 400 Avance (400 MHz) or a Bruker 600 Avance II+ (600 MHz). 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker 300 Avance (75 MHz) or Bruker 400 Avance (100 MHz). The chemical shifts (δ, ppm) were determined relative to the internal standard tetramethylsilane and coupling constants were expressed as (J) and reported in Hertz (Hz). The stationary phase column chromatography was 70-230 mesh silica 60 (E.M Merck). Melting points were determined on a Reichert-Jung Thermovar system and are uncorrected. Mass spectra were recorded on a Hewlett-Packard 5989A mass spectrometer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vertex 70 spectrometer. Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) was used for direct examination of the products, utilizing the Bruker ATR platinum setup. OPUS software was used to analyze the recorded spectra. All samples were applied neat. General procedure A, nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between azoles (ring B) and electrophilic ring (ring C). To a solution of electrophilic C-ring in dry solvent were the azole and base added. The reaction mixture was heated to a reaction dependent temperature. The conversion of the reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. When finished, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc and H2O, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by column chromatography afforded the compound. I. Synthesis of CPD-049 Compound CPD-049 was synthesized starting from amide 1. First a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate was formed starting upon treatment of DMF-DMA. Acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded NH-1,2,4-triazole 2 in excellent yield (99%). Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with NH-1,2,4-triazole 2 resulting in CPD-049 in excellent yields (94%). Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2): 3,5- Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide 1 (1000 mg, 3.89 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (5.13 mL, 38.38 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 4.80 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.23 mL, 4.71 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound 2 as an off-white solid in 99% yield (1091 mg). Mp: 213 – 216 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 14.55 (br. S, 1H), 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C10H5F6N3 [M+H]+ 282.0460, found 282.0461. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-059): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (242 mg, 1.50 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (464 mg, 1.65 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (537 mg, 1.65 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (6 mL) at 50 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The product FR-27 was obtained as an off-white solid in 94% yield (572 mg). Mp: 212 – 216 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.48, 148.97, 134.78, 132.81 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.94, 127.27 – 127.00 (m), 124.05 – 123.71 (m), 123.33 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 122.99, 33.41. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H8F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 407.0686, found 407.0690. II. Synthesis of CPD-001 + CPD-002 Compound CPD-001 was synthesized in two distinct ways, i.e., a non-regioselective and a regioselective method. The first method is based on a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). Therefore, NH-triazole FR-24 was prepared via a triazolization reaction of ketone B.1, ammonium acetate and 4-nitrophenyl azide B.2. The NH-1,2,3-triazole FR-24 is further used as nucleophile in the SNAr reaction with chloro-nitroimidazole 3 to obtain two regioisomers CPD-001 and CPD- 002 in 48% and 26% yield, respectively. The second method is based on a copper(I)-catalyzed click reaction (CuAAC) between acetylene B.4 and azide B.3, which itself was prepared by substitution of chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with sodium azide in 77% yield. Product CPD-001 was obtained in 53% yield. Synthesis of 4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (FR-24): A solution of 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone B.1 (7.5 g, 0.03 mol), 4-nitrophenyl azide B.2 (7.2 g, 0.04 mol) and NH4OAc (11.3 g, 0.15 mol) in 75 mL dry DMF was prepared in a dry reaction tube and heated to 80 °C for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography, in which first pure DCM was used until the yellow 4-nitroaniline was removed, followed by EtOAc/DCM (4:96). Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-24 as a white powder in 68% yield (5.6 g). Mp: 222 – 224 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 15.45 (br. S, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 2H), 8.06 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C10H5F6N3 [M+H]+ 282.0460, found 282.0472. Synthesis of 5-azido-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (B.3): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H- imidazole 3 (250 mg, 1.56 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL dry DMF, and shielded from the light. NaN3 (111 mg, 1.70 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The aqueous phase was 3 x extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product B.3 was obtained as a yellow solid in 77% yield (200 mg). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.27 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H). FTIR (cm-1): 3108, 2171, 2150, 1546, 1521, 1485, 1426, 1378, 1339,1294, 1268, 1229, 1130, 1069, 1036, 868, 833, 783, 757, 646, 426. Synthesis of 4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,3- triazole FR-2-1 and 4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2H- 1,2,3-triazole (CPD-002): Prepared via SNAr: 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (39 mg, 0.24 mmol) was substituted with 4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole FR-24 (45 mg, 0.16 mmol) according to general procedure A with K2CO3 (33 mg , 0.24 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at room temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (6:4). Compound CPD-001 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 26% yield (17 mg) and CPD-002 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 48% yield (31 mg). Prepared via CuAAC: 1-Ethynyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene 7 (114 mg, 0.48 mmol) was mixed with 5-azido-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 6 (89 mg, 0.53 mmol), CuSO4 (0.02 mmol) and sodium ascorbate (0.20 mmol) in 1 mL tBuOH/H2O (1:1), and 3 mL MeOH for complete dissolution. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h, extracted with DCM and H2O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification was done by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:1) and afforded CPD-001 as a white solid in 53% yield (103 mg). 4-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole CPD- 001: Mp: 207 – 209 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 2H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 145.54, 135.09, 132.83 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.41, 126.21 – 126.00 (m), 124.84, 123.22 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 122.87, 122.82 – 122.59 (m), 33.66. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H8F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 407.0686, found 407.0689. 4-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole CPD- 002: Mp: 136 – 137 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 148.79, 135.18, 133.92, 133.19 (q, J = 34.1 Hz), 131.27, 126.73 – 126.40 (m), 125.30, 123.42 – 123.10 (m), 123.23 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 32.61. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H8F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 407.0686, found 407.0690. III. Synthesis of CPD-009 Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole (FR-19): 1-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one B.1 (500 mg, 1.95 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (2.50 mL, 19.27 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the remaining solids were dissolved in 2.40 mL HOAc and hydrazine hydrate (0.12 mL, 2.36 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-19 as an off-white solid in 93% yield (509 mg). Mp: 152 – 155 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 13.27 (br. S, 1H), 8.45 (s, 2H), 8.32 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.12 – 7.06 (dd, J = 2.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO- d6): δ (ppm) 147.31, 136.40, 130.76 (q, J = 32.7 Hz), 130.67, 125.29 – 124.90 (m), 121.89 (q, J = 278.0 Hz), 120.44 – 120.10 (m), 102.99. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H6F6N2 [M+H]+ 281.0508, found 281.0511. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole (CPD-009): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (26 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3- (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole FR-19 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:1). The product CPD- 009 was obtained as an off-white solid in 92% yield (61 mg). Mp: 212 – 214 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.29 (s, 2H), 8.04 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 152.69, 136.64, 134.36, 134.00, 132.71 (q, J = 33.2 Hz), 126.61, 126.40 – 126.06 (m), 123.44 (q, J = 272.5 Hz), 122.72 – 122.22 (m), 105.86, 33.26. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H9F6N5O2 [M+H]+ 406.0733, found 406.0736. IV. Synthesis of CPD-010 Synthesis of (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanone (FR-30): 1-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one B.1 (94 mg, 0.37 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (0.48 mL, 3.60 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the remaining solids were added 2 mL H2O and tosyl azide (59 mg, 0.37 mmol), and stirred for 20 h at 40 °C. After 20 h, one additional equivalent of tosyl azide (39 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 5 mL H2O, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:9). Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-30 as an off-white powder in 65% yield (74 mg). Mp: 155 – 160 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD): δ (ppm) 8.95 (s, 2H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, MeOD): δ (ppm) 184.05, 147.07, 140.04, 133.39, 133.15 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.75 – 131.42 (m), 127.28 – 126.93 (m), 124.59 (q, J = 271.9 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H5F6N3O [M+H]+ 310.0409, found.310.0412. Synthesis of (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(2-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)methanone (CPD-010): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (17 mg, 0.11 mmol) was substituted with (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanone FR-30 (30 mg, 0.12 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (38 mg, 0.12 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.4 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (3:7). The product CPD-010 was obtained as a dark-red solid in 40% yield (13 mg). Mp: 116 – 120 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.81 (s, 2H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 182.12, 148.57, 140.36, 137.55, 134.16, 132.90 (q, J = 34.0 Hz), 130.69 – 130.43 (m), 127.32 – 126.97 (m), 123.10 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 122.18, 32.80. V. Synthesis of CPD-031 CPD-031 was prepared starting from carboxylic acid B.5. The carboxylic acid was converted to acid chloride B.6 which was in situ reacted with 1,2,4-triazole towards NH-acyl-1,2,4-triazole FR- 128 in 24% yield. Next, 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 was substituted with FR-128 as nucleophile yielding compound CPD-031 in 31%. Synthesis of (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanone (FR-128): An oven- dried reaction tube was charged with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid B.5 (500 mg, 1.93 mmol) and 5 mL SOCl2. The reaction was refluxed 2 hours at 74 °C, cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo yielding 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride B.6 in situ. Subsequently, an oven-dried reaction tube was charged with 1,2,4-triazole (69 mg, 0.97 mmol), 0.14 mL triethylamine and 0.5 mL pyridine. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride B.6 (53.6 mg, 1.94 mmol) was added dropwise, followed by stirring for 18 h at room temperature. Next, a solution of NaOH (116 g, 2.90 mmol) in 0.5 mL water was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with CHCl3 and water, the water phase was further washed with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were extracted with brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:1) as the eluent. A second purification by column chromatography was performed with EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent yielding FR-128 as an off-white solid in 24% yield (72 mg). Mp: 223 - 225 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ (ppm) 15.04 (br. S, 1H), 8.89 (s, 2H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H5F6N3O [M+H]+ 310.0409, found 310.0422. Synthesis of (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)methanone (CPD-031): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (19 mg, 0.12 mmol) was substituted with (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methanone FR-128 (40 mg, 0.13 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (42 mg, 0.13 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.4 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:1). The product CPD-031 was obtained as an off-white solid in 31% yield (16 mg). Mp: 191 – 193 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.92 (s, 2H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H8F6N6O3 [M+H]+ 435.0635, found 435.0652. VI. Synthesis of CPD-053 + CPD-059 + CPD-060
Compound B.7 was the starting material for three different analogs i.e., CPD-053, CPD-059 and CPD-060. In a first step, compound B.7 was methylated with methyl iodide, yielding FR-277 in 82% yield. Triazole FR-277 was further used as nucleophile in the SNAr reaction with chloro- nitroimidazole 3 yielding CPD-053 in 72% yield. CPD-059 and CPD-060 were obtained via oxidation of CPD-053 by 1 or 5 equivalents mCPBA yielding the products in 76 and 77% yield, respectively. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-(methylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-277): Triazole B.7 (500 mg, 1.60 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.10 mL, 1.60 mmol), K2CO3 (243 mg, 1.76 mmol) in dry acetone (2 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, extracted with brine, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/iso-hexane (1:19) as eluent yielding FR-277 as an off-white solid in 82% yield (431 mg). Mp: 92-95 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 11.22 (br.s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ - 63.02. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 160.49, 156.07, 132.58, 132.31 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 126.83 – 126.49 (m), 123.37 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 123.21 – 122.83 (m), 15.52. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H7F6N3S [M+H]+ 328.0338, found 328.0347. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-5- (methylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-053): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (310 mg, 1.05 mmol) was substituted with triazole FR-277 (464 mg, 1.65 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (353 mg, 1.08 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (4 mL) at 80 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:19) as the eluent. The product CPD-053 was obtained as an off-white solid in 72% yield (294 mg). Mp: 218-221 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.59 (s, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.84 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.96.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.96.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.06, 161.30, 134.98, 132.41 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.92, 127.19 – 126.77 (m), 123.81 – 123.40 (m), 123.28 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 121.77, 32.63, 15.77. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O2S1 [M+H]+ 453.0563, found 453.0554. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-5- (methylsulfinyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-059): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, CPD-053 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (266 mg, 2.21 mmol) was added. meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 55 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added in small portions over 10 minutes, the reaction was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed twice with saturated Na2CO3. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/DCM (1:4) as the eluent affording a CPD-059 in 76% yield (79 mg). Mp: 219-220°C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, 2.2:1 diastereomeric mixture) δ (ppm) 8.61 (s, 4.4H), 8.57 (s, 2H), 8.00 (s, 3.2H), 7.65 (s, 2.2H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 6.6H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 6.6H), 3.16 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02 (2.2F), -63.04 (1F).19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02 (2.2F), -63.04 (1F).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.97, 162.22, 162.06, 160.14, 141.97, 141.07, 135.38, 135.35, 134.63, 134.60, 132.68 (q, J = 34.4 Hz), 130.96, 130.93, 127.17, 127.13, 124.44 – 124.26 (m), 123.10 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 122.18, 121.66, 41.43, 39.90, 33.05, 32.66. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O3S1 [M+H]+ 469.0512, found 469.0516. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-5- (methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-060): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, CPD-053 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (266 mg, 2.21 mmol) was added. meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 191 mg, 1.11 mmol) was added in small portions over 10 minutes, the reaction was stirred for 24 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed twice with saturated Na2CO3. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:1.5) as the eluent affording CPD-060 in 77% yield (82 mg). Mp: 251-253°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.65 (s, 2H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.56. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.56.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.30, 155.78, 140.50, 136.73, 131.43 (q, J = 33.5 Hz), 130.53, 127.07 – 126.89 (m), 124.98 – 124.60 (m), 122.94 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 121.17, 42.81, 32.40. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O4S1 [M+H]+ 485.0461, found 485.0475. VII. Synthesis of CPD-057 Compound CPD-057 was prepared starting via the synthesis of triazole FR-167 from nitrile B.8 and amidine B.9. In the next step, triazole FR-167 was used as nucleophile in the SNAr reaction with chloro-nitroimidazole 3 yielding FR-279 in 60% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-167): 3,5- Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile B.8 (500 mg, 2.09 mmol) was mixed with acetamidine hydrochloride B.9 (182 mg, 3.14 mmol), Cs2CO3 (2044 mg, 6.27 mmol), CuBr (15 mg, 0.10 mmol) in dry DMSO (5 mL) in an oven-dried reaction tube. The reaction was stirred 1.5 h at 120°C under atmospheric air. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc, washed with NaHCO3 (2X) and washed with brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent affording a crude mixture which was further purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/DCM (1:9) as the eluent affording FR-167 in 17% yield (105 mg). Mp: 201-202 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.07 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 2H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.67.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.67.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 130.94 (q, J = 33.1 Hz), 125.73 – 125.33 (m), 123.17 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 122.43 – 122.02 (m), 11.73. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H7F6N3 [M+H]+ 296.0617, found 296.0622. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-methyl-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-057): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (31 mg, 0.19 mmol) was substituted with triazole FR-167 (60 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (76 mg, 0.23 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 6 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (15:75) as the eluent. The product CPD-057 was obtained as an off-white solid in 60% yield (49 mg). Mp: 220-221 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.58 (s, 2H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, J = 16.0 Hz, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.99.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.99. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.56, 158.79, 140.82, 135.02, 132.43 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 132.01, 126.96 – 126.76 (m), 123.76 – 123.48 (m), 123.25 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 122.67, 32.76, 12.61. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 421.0842, found 421.0835. VIII. Synthesis of compound CPD-056 + CPD-058 Compound CPD-056 was synthesized from nucleophilic attack of B.7 on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 yielding CPD-056 in 84%. In de following step, CPD-056 was methylated with methyl iodide towards CPD-058 in 48% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)thio)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-056): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (24 mg, 0.15 mmol) was substituted with triazole B.7 (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) according to general procedure A with K2CO3 (21 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:9) as the eluent. The product CPD-056 was obtained as an off-white solid in 84% yield (55 mg). Mp: 274-277°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.93 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 2H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 4H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.62. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.62.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 148.61, 139.34, 131.11 (q, J = 33.3 Hz), 126.33, 123.76 – 123.22 (m), 123.01 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 118.33 – 117.90 (m), 33.14. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H8F6N6O2S1 [M+H]+ 439.0406, found 439.0380. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-5-((1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5- yl)thio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-058): Product CPD-056 (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.01 mL, 0.18 mmol), K2CO3 (28 mg, 0.20 mmol) in dry DMF (1.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, extracted with brine, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (15:75) as eluent yielding CPD-058 as an off-white solid in 48% yield (40 mg). Mp: 174-176 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.40 (s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 4.16 (s, 3H), 4.06 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.98.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.98.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 160.01, 149.31, 147.51, 138.29, 132.44, 132.17 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 126.33 – 126.15 (m), 123.29 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 123.15 – 122.84 (m), 116.93, 36.98, 34.01. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O2S1 [M+Na]+ 475.0383, found 475.0393. IX. Synthesis of CPD-004 Compound CPD-004 was synthesized via CuAAC reaction between alkyne C.1 and azide C.2 in 83% yield. Synthesis of 2-(4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (CPD- 004): 1-Ethynyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene C.1 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol), 2-azidobenzo[d]thiazole C.2 (21 mg, 0.12 mmol), CuI (22 mg, 0.12 mmol) and DIPEA (46 mg, 0.35 mmol) were mixed in 0.11 mL THF at room temperature and reacted for 18 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O, the water phase was extracted once more with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried with MgSO4, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography in EtOAc/PE (5:95). The collected fractions were concentrated in vacuo and washed with PE, the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD- 004 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 83% yield (41 mg). Mp: 203 – 204 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 2H), 8.02 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.59 (ddd, J = 8.1, 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 150.38, 146.32, 133.61, 133.02 (q, J = 33.4 Hz), 132.01, 127.49, 126.67, 126.41 – 126.12 (m), 123.73, 123.39 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 122.73 – 122.47 (m), 122.15, 120.67, 118.60. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C17H8F6N4S [M+H]+ 415.0447, found 415.0432. X. Synthesis of CPD-005 + CPD-006 Compound CPD-005 and CPD-006 were synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on pyrimidine C.3 in 18% and 42% yield, respectively. Synthesis of 2-(4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidine CPD-006 and 2-(4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyrimidine CPD-005: 2- Chloropyrimidine C.3 (37 mg, 0.32 mmol) was substituted with 4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1H-1,2,3-triazole FR-24 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (116 mg, 0.32 mmol) as base in dry ACN (1.3 mL) at 85 °C for 18 h. The reaction was extracted with DCM and H2O, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography in pure CHCl3. Product CPD-005 was obtained as an off-white solid in 42% yield (48.5 mg) and CPD-006 was obtained as an off-white solid in 18% yield (20.5 mg). 2-(4-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidine CPD-006: Mp: 197 – 203 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 9.02 (s, 1H), 8.93 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.43 (s, 2H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.48 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 159.57, 145.75, 132.91 (q, J = 33.5 Hz), 132.57, 126.41 – 126.09 (m), 124.15, 122.44 – 122.11 (m), 121.16, 119.78, 116.76 (q, J = 279.4 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd fo C14H7F6N5 [M+H]+ 360.0678, found 360.0684. 2-(4-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyrimidine CPD-005: Mp: 179 – 183 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.98 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 8.45 (s, 2H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.47 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H7F6N 5 M+H]+ 360.0678, found 360.0672. XI. Synthesis of CPD-011 + CPD-012 Compounds CPD-011 and CPD-012 were prepared starting from the alkylation reaction of chloro- nitroimidazole C.4 with benzyl bromide C.5 yielding two different regioisomers FR-41-1 and FR- 41-2 in 30% and 60% yield, respectively. Afterwards, both regioisomers were substituted with NH-1,2,4-triazole 2 yielding CPD-011 and CPD-012 in satisfactory yields (93% and 95% yield). Synthesis of 1-benzyl-4-chloro-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-41-1) and 1-benzyl-5-chloro-4-nitro-1H- imidazole (FR-41-2): 5-Chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazole C.4 (350 mg, 2.37 mmol) was mixed with benzyl bromide C.5 (2.81 mL, 2.37 mmol), sodium iodide (71 mg, 0.47 mmol) and K2CO3 (328 mg, 2.37 mmol) in DMF (3.5 mL) and heated to 50 °C for 2.5 h. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The products FR-41-1 and FR-41-2 were obtained as off-white solids after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:7) in 30% (166 mg) and 60% (336 mg) yield, respectively. 1-Benzyl-4-chloro-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-41-1): Mp: 90 – 91 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.44 – 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.25 – 7.19 (m, 2H), 5.53 (s, 2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 138.05, 134.41, 133.42, 132.99, 129.53, 129.36, 127.99, 53.09. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for [M+H]+ 238.0378, found 238.0387. 1-Benzyl-5-chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-41-2): Mp: 130 – 131 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.44 – 7.38 (m, 3H), 7.25 – 7.20 (m, 2H), 5.19 (s, 2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 142.67, 134.21, 132.94, 129.64, 129.43, 127.83, 119.15, 50.14. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for [M+H]+ 238.0378, found 238.0387. Synthesis of 1-(1-benzyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-011): 1-Benzyl-5-chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-41-2 (38 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The product CPD-011 was obtained as an off-white solid in 93% yield (73 mg). Mp: 150 – 152 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.60 (s, 2H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.40 – 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.07 – 6.99 (m, 2H), 5.24 (s, 2H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.32, 148.89, 140.45, 134.53, 132.86, 132.80 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.99, 129.67, 127.68, 127.21 – 126.88 (m), 123.94 – 123.45 (m), 123.34 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 122.55, 50.98. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H12F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 483.0999, found 483.0992. Synthesis of 1-(1-benzyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-012): 1-Benzyl-4-chloro-5-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-41-1 (38 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The product CPD-012 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 95% yield (74 mg). Mp: 122 – 123 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.68 (s, 2H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.48 – 7.41 (m, 3H), 7.34 – 7.28 (m, 2H), 5.62 (s, 2H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 160.58, 145.67, 136.63, 134.51, 132.17, 131.60, 131.59 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 128.81, 128.75, 127.23, 126.40 – 126.06 (m), 122.49 (q, J = 272.5 Hz), 122.60 – 122.27 (m), 52.09. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H12F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 483.0999, found 483.0985. XII. Synthesis of CPD-013 + CPD-14 FR-45 + FR-48
Compounds CPD-013 and CPD-014 were prepared starting from the alkylation reaction of chloro- nitroimidazole C.4 with isobutyl bromide C.6 yielding two different regioisomers FR-42-1 and FR- 42-2 in 23% and 30% yield, respectively. Afterwards, both regioisomers were substituted with NH-1,2,4-triazole 2 yielding FR-45 and FR-48 in good yields (84% and 83% yield). Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-isobutyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-42-1) and 5-chloro-1-isobutyl-4-nitro- 1H-imidazole (FR-42-2): 5-Chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazole C.4 (350 mg, 2.37 mmol) was mixed with isobutyl bromide C.6 (2.58 mL, 2.37 mmol), sodium iodide (71 mg, 0.47 mmol) and K2CO3 (328 mg, 2.37 mmol) in DMF (3.5 mL) and heated to 50 °C for 24 h. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The products FR-42-1 and FR-42-2 were obtained as light yellow solids after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (25:75) in 23% (113 mg) and 30% (148 mg) yield, respectively. 4-Chloro-1-isobutyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-42-1): Mp: semisolid.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.41 (s, 1H), 4.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 0.94 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 138.43, 134.29, 133.03, 56.90, 29.27, 19.68. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C7H10ClN3O2 [M+H]+ 204.0534, found 204.0542. 5-Chloro-1-isobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-42-2): Mp: 38 – 39 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.43 (s, 1H), 3.84 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.22 – 2.09 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 142.53, 134.51, 119.03, 53.64, 29.21, 19.83. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C7H10ClN3O2 [M+H]+ 204.0534, found 204.0538. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-isobutyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-014): 4-Chloro-1-isobutyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-42-1 (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (3:97) as the eluent. The product CPD-014 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 83% yield (61 mg). Mp: 59 – 60 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 2H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 4.26 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.27 – 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.03 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 161.48, 146.65, 137.97, 135.39, 132.60, 132.54 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 129.09127.41 – 126.93 (m), 123.47 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 123.63 – 123.15 (m), 56.72, 29.51, 19.75. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C17H14F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 449.1155, found 449.1148. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-isobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-013): 5-Chloro-1-isobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-42-2 (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The product CPD-013 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 84% yield (61 mg). Mp: 119 – 123 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 3.89 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.04 – 1.88 (m, 1H), 0.92 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 161.46, 148.12, 139.18, 133.71, 131.86 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.06, 126.25 – 125.81 (m), 123.15 – 122.63 (m), 122.36 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 121.55, 53.25, 28.46, 18.81. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C17H14F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 449.1155, found.449.1162. XIII. Synthesis of CPD-015 + CPD-016 Compounds CPD-015 and CPD-016 were prepared starting from methylation of imidazole C.7 towards FR-37 in 71% yield. The amine function of FR-37 was converted to chloro-derivative FR- 37 which was subsequently substituted with NH-1,2,4-triazole 2 leading to CPD-015 and CPD- 016 in 58% and 7% yield, respectively. Synthesis of 2-amino-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (FR-37): 2-Amino-1H-imidazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile C.7 (500 mg, 3.76 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.2 mL, 3.76 mmol) and K2CO3 (2596 mg, 18.78 mmol) in 5 mL DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 40 min. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The product FR-37 was obtained after column chromatography in pure EtOAc and concentrated in vacuo as an off-white solid in 71% yield (390 mg). Mp: 214 – 216 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 6.98 (s, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 153.11, 118.64, 113.06, 109.76, 107.20, 30.89. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C6H5N5 [M+H]+ 148.0618, found 148.0620. Synthesis of 2-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (FR-39): 2-Amino-1H-imidazole- 4,5-dicarbonitrile FR-37 (100 mg, 0.67 mmol) was dissolved in ACN and subsequently dropwise added to a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (105 mg, 1.01 mmol, 0.12 mL) and CuCl2 (136.20 mg, 1.02 mmol) in ACN at 0 °C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product FR-39 was obtained directly after concentration in vacuo as an off-white solid in 85% yield (96 mg). Mp: 108 – 109 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 3.83 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 138.59, 122.11, 114.42, 110.65, 107.37, 33.88. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C6H3ClN4 [M+H]+ 167.0119, found 167.0101. Synthesis of 2-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole- 4,5-dicarbonitrile (CPD-015) and 2-(5-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1- methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (CPD-016): 2-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile FR-29 (32 mg, 0.19 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (65 mg, 0.23 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.23 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 6.5 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:3). The products CPD-015 and CPD-016 were obtained as off-white solids in 58% (46 mg) and 7% yield (5 mg), respectively. 2-(3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile (CPD-015): Mp: 183 – 184 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 2H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 4.27 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.77, 146.47, 140.34, 132.98 (q, J = 34.1 Hz), 131.44, 127.40 – 126.87 (m), 124.62 – 124.14 (m), 123.25 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 121.08, 114.34, 110.61, 107.30, 35.58. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H7F6N7 [M+H]+ 412.0740, found 412.0760. 2-(5-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile (CPD-016): Mp: 189 – 191 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 4.28 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.43, 158.07, 146.80, 132.88 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.85, 127.27 – 127.01 (m), 124.18 – 123.89 (m), 123.32 (q, J = 272.4 Hz), 114.19, 113.83, 113.63, 35.34. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H7F6N7 [M+H]+ 412.0740, found 412.1667. XIV. Synthesis of CPD-017 Compound CPD-017 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on thiazole C.8 in 77% yield. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (CPD-017) FR-58: 5-Chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4- carbaldehyde C.8 (36 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:3) as the eluent. The product CPD-017 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 77% yield (58 mg). Mp: 90 – 92 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 9.96 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.46 – 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.32 – 7.27 (m, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 183.61, 161.91, 151.82, 147.15, 136.85, 136.54, 132.48 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.72, 129.86, 129.75, 127.09 – 126.87 (m), 124.37, 123.89 – 123.60 (m), 123.22 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 115.62, 13.61. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C21H13F6N5O [M+H]+ 466.1097, found 466.1106. XV. Synthesis of CPD-018 + CPD-019 Compounds CPD-018 and CPD-019 were prepared starting from the alkylation reaction of chloro- nitroimidazole C.4 with 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane C.9 yielding two different regioisomers FR- 61-1 and FR-61-2 in 45% and 44% yield, respectively. Afterwards, both regioisomers were substituted with NH-1,2,4-triazole 2 yielding CPD-018 and CPD-019 in good yields (67% and 55% yield). Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-61-1) and 5-chloro-1-(2- methoxyethyl)-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-61-2): 5-Chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazole C.4 (150 mg, 1.02 mmol) was mixed with 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane C.9 (0.1 mL, 1.02 mmol), sodium iodide (30 mg, 0.20 mmol) and K2CO3 (141 mg, 1.02 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) and heated to 50 °C for 18 h. K2CO3 was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The products FR-61-1 and FR-61-2 were obtained as off-white solids after column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:1) in 45% (95 mg) and 44% (93 mg) yield, respectively. 4-Chloro-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-61-1): Mp: 82 – 83 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.52 (s, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 139.52, 134.30, 70.10, 59.21, 49.59. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C6H8ClN3O3 [M+H]+ 206.0327, found 206.0311. 5-Chloro-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-61-2): Mp: 68 – 70 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3 ): δ (ppm) 7.57 (s, 1H), 4.20 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 142.45, 135.36, 118.62, 69.68, 59.29, 46.35. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C6H8ClN3O3 [M+H]+ 206.0327, found 206.0302. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-018): 4-Chloro-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-61-1 (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 8 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (35:65) as the eluent. The product CPD-018 was obtained as an off-white solid in 67% yield (49 mg). Mp: 102 – 104 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 2H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 4.64 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 161.47, 146.66, 138.95, 135.23, 132.64, 132.54 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 128.96, 127.35 – 126.97 (m), 123.47 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 123.56 – 123.11 (m), 70.15, 59.22, 49.34. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H12F6N6O3 [M+H]+ 451.0948, found 451.0947. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-019): 5-Chloro-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-61-2 (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (4:6). The product fractions were collected, concentrated in vacuo, and washed with diethyl ether and pentane. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD- 019 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 55% yield (40 mg). Mp: 135 – 136 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 4.19 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.16, 149.33, 139.86, 135.11, 132.55 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.79, 127.10 – 126.86 (m), 124.07 – 123.55 (m), 123.23 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 122.64, 70.29, 59.24, 46.76. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H12F6N6O3 [M+H]+ 451.0948, found 451.0947. XVI. Synthesis of CPD-020 Compound CPD-020 was prepared starting form amino-pyrazole C.10 which was converted via a Sandmeyer reaction to chloro-derivative FR-62 and subsequently substituted with NH-1,2,4- triazole 2 leading to CPD-020 in 43% yield. Synthesis of 5-chloro-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-62): 5-Amino-1-phenyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carbonitrile C.10 (150 mg, 0.81 mmol) was dissolved in ACN and subsequently dropwise added to a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (126 mg, 1.23 mmol, 0.15 mL) and CuCl2 (164 mg, 1.23 mmol) in ACN at 0 °C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product FR- 62 was obtained as an off-white solid after column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:4) in 58% yield (96 mg). Mp: 62 – 63 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.57 – 7.50 (m, 5H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 142.66, 137.35, 129.97, 129.86, 129.59, 125.25, 120.21, 111.41. MS (ESI+) m/z: 203 (M+H)+. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4- carbonitrile (CPD-020): 5-Chloro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile FR-62 (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 48 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:4) as the eluent. The product CPD-020 was obtained as an off-white solid in 43% yield (33 mg). Mp: 83 – 85 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.52 (s, 2H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.50 – 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.35 – 7.30 (m, 2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.28, 146.17, 142.54, 137.91, 136.63, 132.53 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.45, 130.39, 129.97, 127.19 – 126.99 (m), 124.59, 124.09 – 123.75 (m), 123.19 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 110.74, 91.35. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H10F6N6 [M+H]+ 449.0944, found 449.0941. XVII. Synthesis of CPD-021 + CPD-022 + CPD-023
Compounds CPD-021, CPD-022 and CPD-023 were prepared starting from the alkylation reaction of chloro-nitroimidazole C.4 with bromoacetonitrile C.11 yielding two different regioisomers FR-67-1 and FR-67-2 in 53% and 35% yield, respectively. Afterwards, both regioisomers were substituted with NH-1,2,4-triazole 2. However, during the substitution of FR- 67-1 further reaction of the desired compound CPD-022 yielded isolation of two different products CPD-022 and CPD-023 in 2% and 9% yield, respectively. The reaction time for the substitution of CPD-023 was decreased and only one product CPD-021 was isolated in 29% yield. Synthesis of 2-(4-chloro-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile (FR-67-1) and 2-(5-chloro-4-nitro- 1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile (FR-67-2): 5-Chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazole C.4 (150 mg, 1.02 mmol) was mixed with 2-bromoacetonitrile C.11 (0.07 mL, 1.02 mmol), sodium iodide (30 mg, 0.20 mmol) and K2CO3 (141 mg, 1.02 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) and heated to 50 °C for 1 h. K2CO3 was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The products FR-67-1 and FR-67-2 were obtained as brown solids after column chromatography EtOAc/PE (2:3) in 53% (101 mg) and 35% (68 mg) yield, respectively. 2-(4-Chloro-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile (FR-67-1): Mp: 94 – 95 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ (ppm) 7.78 (s, 1H), 5.27 (s, 2H). 2-(5-Chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile (FR-67-2): Mp: 150 – 153 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3CN): δ (ppm) 7.74 (s, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN): δ (ppm) 136.11, 120.30, 114.12, 35.00. Synthesis of 2-(5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1- yl)acetonitrile (CPD-021): 2-(5-Chloro-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile FR-67-2 (31 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (2:3). The product CPD-021 was obtained as an off-white solid in 29% yield (20 mg). Mp: 143 – 144 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN): δ (ppm) 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 2H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN): δ (ppm) 162.60, 150.65, 140.20, 136.21, 132.85 (q, J = 36.1 Hz), 127.90, 124.98 – 124.64 (m), 124.31 (q, J = 271.9 Hz), 124.04 – 123.93 (m), 114.52, 35.67. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H7F6N7O2 [M+H]+ 432.0638, found 432.0648. Synthesis of 2-(4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1- yl)acetonitrile (CPD-022) and 2-(4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5- nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-(1-(cyanomethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetonitrile (CPD-023): 2-(4- Chloro-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile FR-67-1 (31 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3- (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The products CPD022 and CPD-023 were obtained as a light red solid in 2% yield (1.5 mg) and a dark red solid in 9% yield (6 mg), respectively. 2-(4-(3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetonitrile (CPD-022): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN): δ (ppm) 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 2H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 5.39 (s, 2H). 2-(4-(3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-(1- (cyanomethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetonitrile (CPD-023): Mp: 97 – 99 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN): δ (ppm) 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 8.24-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 5.34 (s, 2H). MS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H9F6N11O4 [M+H]+ 582.0816, found 582. XVIII. Synthesis of CPD-024 Compound CPD-024 was prepared starting form a Sandmeyer-type reaction on amine C.12 to yield chloride FR-78 in 33%. In the next step, the chloride function in CPD-024 was substituted by nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 yielding compound FR-80 in 71%. Synthesis of ethyl 1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (FR-78): Ethyl 5-amino-1-phenyl-1H- 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate C.12 (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) was dissolved in ACN and subsequently dropwise added to a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (67 mg, 0.65 mmol, 0.08 mL) and CuCl2 (87 mg, 0.65 mmol) in ACN at 0 °C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product 124 was obtained as an off-white solid after column chromatography EtOAc/PE (2:3) in 33% yield (36 mg). Mp: 175 – 176 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.63 – 7.54 (m, 5H), 4.49 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 159.87, 135.37, 134.40, 130.76, 130.36, 129.79, 125.39, 61.83, 14.43. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H10ClN3O2 [M+H]+ 252.0534, found 252.0526. Synthesis of ethyl 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazole-4-carboxylate (CPD-024): Ethyl 5-chloro-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate FR-78 (26 mg, 0.10 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (31 mg, 0.11 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (36 mg, 0.11 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.4 mL) at 50 °C for 5 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (5:95) as the eluent. The product CPD-024 was obtained as an off-white solid in 71% yield (36 mg). Mp: 188 – 190 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.57 – 7.40 (m, 5H), 4.43 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 161.97, 159.52, 148.36, 134.58, 133.89, 133.14, 132.49 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.70, 130.99, 129.80, 127.14 – 126.83 (m), 124.90, 123.93 – 123.54 (m), 123.20 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 62.36, 14.25. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C21H14F6N6O2 [M+Na]+ 519.0975, found 519.0988. XIX. Synthesis of CPD-025 Compound CPD-025 was prepared starting from a Dimroth reaction of malononitrile C.13 and phenyl azide C.14, yielding triazole FR-74 in 5% yield. The amine function was converted to a chloride via a Sandmeyer reaction and subsequently substituted with NH-triazole 2. Compound CPD-025 was obtained in 26% yield. Synthesis of 5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-74): An oven-dried reaction tube was charged with malononitrile C.13 (200 mg, 3.03 mmol), phenyl azide C.14 (0.36 mL, 3.33 mmol) and DBU (46 mg, 0.30 mmol), and dissolved in 2 mL dry DMSO. The reaction was stirred for 48 h at room temperature, followed by an extraction with EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate was dissolved in chloroform, and product FR-74 was precipitated by the addition of pentane. The precipitate was filtered under suction and the product FR-74 was obtained as an off-white solid in 5% yield (30 mg). Mp: 110 – 113 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 7.66 – 7.50 (m, 5H), 7.15 (br. S, 2H). Synthesis of 5-chloro-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-81): 5-Amino-1-phenyl-1H- 1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile FR-74 (30 mg, 0.16 mmol) was dissolved in ACN and subsequently dropwise added to a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (25 mg, 0.24 mmol, 0.02 mL), CuCl2 (33 mg, 0.24 mmol) and NaCl (47 mg, 0.81 mmol) in ACN at 0 °C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product FR-81 was obtained after column chromatography EtOAc/PE (2:3) in 42% yield (14 mg) as an off-white solid. Mp: 57 – 59 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.68 – 7.54 (m, 5H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 133.94, 133.88, 131.27, 130.07, 124.93, 120.82, 109.80. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H5ClN4 [M+H]+ 205.0275, found 205.0275. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazole-4-carbonitrile (CPD-025): 5-Chloro-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile FR-81 (13 mg, 0.06 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (20 mg, 0.07 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (23 mg, 0.07 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.3 mL) at 50 °C for 6 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (2:3) as the eluent. The product CPD-025 was obtained as an off-white solid in 26% yield (7.3 mg). Mp: 134 – 137 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.47 (s, 2H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.67 – 7.55 (m, 3H), 7.48 – 7.42 (m, 2H).13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 162.81, 145.83, 136.53, 133.75, 132.66 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.86, 130.96, 130.33, 127.22 – 127.03 (m), 125.14, 124.45 – 124.16 (m), 123.12 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 116.13, 109.54. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C19H9F6N7 [M+Na]+ 472.0716, found 472.0720. XX. Synthesis of CPD-026 Compound CPD-026 was prepared starting from a Dimroth reaction of malononitrile C.13 and phenyl azide C.15, yielding triazole FR-92 in 37% yield. The amine function was converted to a chloride via a Sandmeyer reaction and without purification substituted with NH-triazole 2. Compound CPD-026 was obtained in 5% yield. Synthesis of 5-amino-1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-92): To a solution of benzyl azide C.15 (775 mg, 5.82 mmol) and malononitrile C.13 in DMSO (1.5 mL) was added K2CO3 (3379 mg, 24.35 mmol) portionwise under constant stirring at room temperature. Next, the reaction mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 6 h. Afterwards, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water. The formed precipitate was filtered off and wash with water and Et2O. The product was obtained as an off-white solid in 37% yield (425 mg). Mp: 183 – 184 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 7.42 – 7.26 (m, 3H), 7.25 – 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.12 (s, 2H), 5.42 (s, 2H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C10H9N5 [M+H]+ 200.0931, found 200.0929. Synthesis of 1-benzyl-5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3- triazole-4-carbonitrile (CPD-026): 5-Amino-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile FR-92 (100 mg, 0.50 mmol) was dissolved in ACN and subsequently dropwise added to a solution of tert- butyl nitrite (78 mg, 0.75 mmol), CuCl2 (101 mg, 0.75 mmol) and NaCl (147 mg, 2.51 mmol) in ACN at 0 °C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. FR-102 was obtained as a crude product and directly used in the next step.1-Benzyl-5-chloro-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile FR- 102 (110 mg, 0.50 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (141 mg, 0.50 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (180 mg, 0.55 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.3 mL) at 50 °C for 6 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:4) as the eluent. The product CPD-026 was obtained as an off-white solid in 5% yield (12 mg). Mp: 115-118 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.59 (s, 3H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.40 – 7.29 (m, 3H), 7.21 – 7.11 (m, 2H), 5.91 (s, 2H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) -62.99.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): -62.99.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 163.09, 146.06, 136.37, 132.86 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 132.72, 131.14 – 130.90 (m), 129.60, 129.49, 127.74, 127.14, 124.62 – 124.33 (m), 123.17 (q, J = 272.4 Hz), 114.62, 109.84, 54.51. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H11F6N7 [M+H]+ 464.1053, found 464.1039. XXI. Synthesis of CPD-027 Compound CPD-027 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on thiazole C.16 in 23% yield. Synthesis of 4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-phenylthiazole-5- carbonitrile (CPD-027): 4-Chloro-2-phenylthiazole-5-carbonitrile C.16 (157 mg, 0.71 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (128 mg, 0.39 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.5 mL) at 50 °C for 48 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:4) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the solid resolved in CHCl3 and subsequent precipitated with n-pentane. The product CPD-027 was obtained as an off-white solid in 23% yield (38 mg). Mp: 225 - 229°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 2H), 8.02 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.67 – 7.51 (m, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) -62.97.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) -62.97.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 172.72, 161.81, 144.39, 133.21, 132.52 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.91, 131.09, 129.76, 127.19, 127.16, 123.97 – 123.67 (m), 123.28 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 113.91, 110.64, 90.84. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H9F6N5S [M+H]+ 466.0556, found 466.0523. XXII. Synthesis of CPD-028 CPD-028 was prepared from reduction of FR-27 in 72% yield. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4- amine (CPD-028): Compound CPD-049 (367 mg, 0.90 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and Pd/C (70 mg, 0.66 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was purged with H2 and stirred under H2 atmosphere at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a path of celite and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and product CPD-028 was obtained as light grey solid in 72% yield (246 mg). Mp: >200 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 2H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) -61.61.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) -61.61.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 159.52, 149.93, 142.23, 133.23, 132.97, 131.14 (q, J = 33.3 Hz), 126.23 – 125.78 (m), 123.12 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 123.35 – 122.85 (m), 105.07, 30.75. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H10F6N6 [M+H]+ 377.0944, found 377.0938. XXIII. Synthesis of CPD-029 Aminoimidazole carbonitrile C.17 was first methylated to afford regioisomers FR-114-2 and FR- 114-1 in 37% and 42% yield, respectively. Next, amine FR-114-2 was converted to chloro- imidazole FR-115 via a Sandmeyer reaction and this product was used without purification in further substitution reaction with NH-triazole 2 towards compound CPD-029. Synthesis of 5-amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-114-2) and 4-amino-1-methyl- 1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile (FR-114-1): 5-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile C.17 (500 mg, 4.63 mmol) was solved in a DMF:toluene mixture (1:1, 10 mL). Next, methyl iodide (0.29 mL, 4.63 mmol) and K2CO3 (3196 mg, 23.12 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. K2CO3 was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The two regioisomeric products were obtained after column chromatography with ethanol/chloroform (3:97) as eluent yielding FR-114-2 as a light pink solid in 37% yield (207 mg) and FR-114-1 as a light brown solid in 42% yield (237 mg). 5-Amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-114-2): Mp: 207 – 210 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C5H6N4 [M+H]+ 123.0665, found 123.0678. 4-Amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile (FR-114-1): Mp: 178 – 179 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) 7.42 (s, 1H), 5.83 (s, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C5H6N4 [M+H]+ 123.0665, found 123.0664. Synthesis of 5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-115): 5-Amino-1-methyl-1H- imidazole-4-carbonitrile FR-114-2 (200 mg, 1.64 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile and subsequently dropwise added to a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (253 mg, 2.46 mmol, 0.30 mL), CuCl2 (330 mg, 2.46 mmol) and NaCl (479 mg, 8.19 mmol) in dry acetonitrile at 0 °C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product FR-115 was used without further purification. Mp: 95 – 97 °C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.50 (s, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 138.26, 127.47, 113.12, 112.43, 32.47. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4- carbonitrile (CPD-029): 5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile FR-115 (±148 mg, 1.04 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (323 mg, 1.14 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (374 mg, 1.14 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (4 mL) at 90 °C for 3 days. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent, subsequently the product was further purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-029 was obtained as an off-white solid in 2% yield (9.2 mg). Mp: 103-105 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.71, 146.71, 138.94, 132.81, 132.60 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.64, 127.17 – 126.92 (m), 124.14 – 123.81 (m), 123.22 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 112.55, 108.74, 33.43. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H8F6N6 [M+H]+ 387.0787, found 387.0783. XXIV. Synthesis of CPD-042 + CPD-030 Compounds CPD-042 and CPD-030 were prepared starting from the bromination of 2-methyl-4- nitro-1H-imidazole C.18. The brominated compound was further methylated yielding two different regioisomers FR-131-2 and FR-132-1 in 32% and 49% yield, respectively. Next, the regioisomers where individually substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compounds CPD-042 and CPD-030 in 86% and 43%, respectively. Synthesis of 5-bromo-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-129): 2-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole C.18 (500 mg, 3.90 mmol) was added to solution of NaHCO3 (495 mg, 5.90 mmol) in 1 mL DMF and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Next, Br2 (0.30 mL, 5.90 mmol) was added while stirring, afterwards the reaction mixture was heated 3 hours at 65 °C. The conversion of the reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. When finished, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, extracted with EtOAc and H2O, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The compound FR-129 was obtained as off-white solid in 80% yield (751 mg). Mp: 212-215 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 13.93 (br. s, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C4H4BrN3O2 [M+H]+ 205.9560, found 205.9546. Synthesis of 4-bromo-1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-131-1) and 5-bromo-1,2-dimethyl-4- nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-131-2): 5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-129 (250 mg, 1.21 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.08 mL, 1.33 mmol) and K2CO3 (839 mg, 6.07 mmol) in 5 ml dry DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The two regioisomeric products were obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (2:3) as eluent yielding FR-131-1 as an off-white solid in 32% yield (85 mg) and FR-131-2 as off-white solid in 49% yield (130 mg). 4-Bromo-1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-131-1): Mp: 93 - 94 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 3.89 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 148.93, 135.76, 120.01, 34.76, 14.22. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C5H6BrN3O2 [M+H]+ 219.9717, found 219.9714. 5-Bromo-1,2-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-131-2): Mp: 155 - 157 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 3.62 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 145.20, 143.85, 105.69, 33.00, 14.21. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C5H6BrN3O2 [M+H]+ 219.9717, found 219.9714. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1,2-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-042): 5-Bromo-1,2-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-131-2 (71 mg, 0.32 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (100 mg, 0.35 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (116 mg, 0.35 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.3 mL) at 50 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-042 was obtained as an off-white solid in 86% yield (117 mg). Mp: 252-254 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.28 (s, 3H), 8.60 (s, 2H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.58. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.58.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.57, 150.49, 143.91, 138.07, 131.99, 131.24 (q, J = 33.4 Hz), 126.58 – 126.37 (m), 123.94 – 123.65 (m), 123.05 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 122.93, 31.44, 13.13. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 421.0842, found 421.0865. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-030): 4-Bromo-1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-131-1 (35.5 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:1) as the eluent. The product CPD-030 was obtained as an off-white solid in 43% yield (29 mg). Mp: 170 - 172 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 2H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.95.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.95. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.30, 147.59, 147.02, 134.51, 132.31 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 132.30, 127.29 – 127.12 (m), 123.56 – 123.27 (m), 123.37 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 34.58, 14.29. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 421.0842, found 421.0830. XXV. Synthesis of CPD-033 + CPD-034 Compounds FR-147 and FR-148-1 were prepared starting from the dibromination of 4-nitro-1H- imidazole C.19 yielding FR-142 in 28%. The brominated compound FR-142 was further methylated yielding two different regioisomers FR-145-2 and FR-145-1 in 31% and 27% yield, respectively. Next, the regioisomers where individually substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compounds FR-147 and FR-148-1 in 78% and 32%, respectively. Synthesis of 2,5-dibromo-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-142): 4-Nitro-1H-imidazole C.19 (500 mg, 4.40 mmol) was added to solution of NaHCO3 (1114 mg, 13.26 mmol) in 5 mL DMF and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Next, Br2 (0.70 mL, 13.26 mmol) was added while stirring, the reaction mixture was heated for 18 h at 65 °C. The conversion of the reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. When finished, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, extracted with EtOAc and H2O, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The solid was washed with pentane, sonicated, the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-142 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 28% yield (340 mg). Mp: >300 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 11.76 (br. S, 1H).13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ (ppm) 159.85, 154.77. Synthesis of 2,4-dibromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-145-1) and 2,5-dibromo-1-methyl-4- nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-145-2): 2,5-Dibromo-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-142 (250 mg, 0.92 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.06 mL, 1.02 mmol), K2CO3 (638 mg, 4.60 mmol) in 5 ml dry DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The two regioisomeric products were obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:7) as eluent yielding FR-145-1 as an off-white solid in 27% yield (70 mg) and FR-145-2 as an off-white solid in 31% yield (81 mg). 2,4-Dibromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-145-1): Mp: 144-145 °C 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.03 (s, 3H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 126.60, 120.00, 37.35. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C4H3Br2N3O2 [M+H]+ 283.8666, found 283.8672. 2,5-Dibromo-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-145-2): Mp: 190-193 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 3.75 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 120.60, 106.82, 35.20. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C4H3Br2N3O2 [M+H]+ 283.8666, found 283.8661. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(2-bromo-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-033): 2,5-Dibromo-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-145-2 (56 mg, 0.20 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (64 mg, 0.20 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 6 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-033 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 78% yield (68 mg). Mp: 243-247 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.05.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) - 63.05. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.58, 148.94, 132.64 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.52, 127.24 – 126.81 (m), 124.19 – 123.93 (m), 123.20 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 121.08, 34.31, 22.48, 14.20. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H7BrF6N6O2 [M+H]+ 484.9791, found 484.9831. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(2-bromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-034): 2,4-Dibromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-145-1 (56 mg, 0.20 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (64 mg, 0.20 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The fraction containing CPD-034 was purified again by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent. Crystallization in ethanol yielded CPD-034 as yellow crystals in 32% yield (27 mg). Mp: 159-161 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 4.34 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -63.03.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -63.03.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.43, 147.00, 138.42, 132.69 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.37, 127.37 – 127.01 (m), 124.32 – 124.07 (m), 123.18 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 118.97, 36.56. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H7BrF6N6O2 [M+H]+ 484.9791, found 484.9763. XXVI. Synthesis of CPD-035
Compound FR-146 was prepared starting from methylation of C.20 with methyl iodide yielding two different regioisomers FR-146-2 and FR-146-1 in 76% and 16%, respectively. Next, regioisomer FR-146-2 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-035 in 52%. Synthesis of 2-bromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-146-1) and 2-bromo-1-methyl-4-nitro- 1H-imidazole (FR-146-2): 2-Bromo-4-nitro-1H-imidazole C.18 (250 mg, 1.30 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.09 mL, 1.40 mmol) and K2CO3 (900 mg, 6.50 mmol) in 5 ml dry DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The two regioisomeric products were obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (2:3) as eluent yielding FR-146-1 as an off-white solid in 16% yield (43 mg) and FR-146-2 as off-white solid in 76% yield (205 mg). 2-Bromo-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-146-1): Mp: 112 -113 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.95 (s, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 132.90, 127.90, 35.88. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C4H4BrN3O2 [M+H]+ 205.9560, found 205.9543. 2-Bromo-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (FR-146-2): Mp: 144-147 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.80 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 122.32, 121.10, 35.94. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C4H4BrN3O2 [M+H]+ 205.9560, found 205.9567. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-035): 2-Bromo-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole FR-146-2 (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (58 mg, 0.18 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 80 °C for 96 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-035 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 52% yield (34 mg). Mp: 190-193 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 4.14 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.03, 146.02, 144.75, 135.77, 132.61 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 131.67, 127.34 – 126.75 (m), 124.07 – 123.84 (m), 123.21 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 121.59, 36.44. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H8F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 407.0686, found 407.0667. XXVII. Synthesis of CPD-036 Compound CPD-036 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on pyridine C.21 in 51% yield. Synthesis of 2-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-nitropyridine (CPD- 036): 2-Chloro-3-nitropyridine C.21 (51 mg, 0.32 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (116 mg, 0.36 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.30 mL) for 18 h at 50 °C. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with DCM as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-154 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 51% yield (67 mg). Mp: 159-161 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.58 (s, 1H), 8.90 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.70 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (s, 2H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.90 (dd, J = 8.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.72.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.72. 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.09, 152.09, 146.30, 139.23, 138.77, 135.41, 131.83, 131.26 (q, J = 33.3 Hz), 126.24 – 125.95 (m), 125.80, 123.94 – 123.65 (m), 122.99 (q, J = 272.9 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H7F6N5O2 [M+H]+ 404.0577, found 404.0561. XXVIII. Synthesis of CPD-037 Compound CPD-037 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on pyrazole C.22 in 98% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-037): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole C.22 (51 mg, 0.32 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (116 mg, 0.36 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.30 mL) for 18 h at 50 °C. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:9) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-037 stayed behind as an off- white solid in 98% yield (129 mg). Mp: 115-117°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 2H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.62.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.62.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.66, 150.19, 135.88, 131.81, 131.25 (q, J = 33.4 Hz), 131.23, 128.33, 126.74 – 126.44 (m), 123.98 – 123.75 (m), 123.03 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 37.82. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H8F6N6O2 [M+H]+ 407.0686, found 407.0684. XXIX. Synthesis of CPD-047 Compound CPD-047 was prepared starting from reaction of 2-aminopyridine C.23 with 2- bromoacetophenone C.24 yielding benzimidazole FR-198 in 40%. Next, FR-198 was connected to NH-triazole 2 via a photo redox reaction yielding CPD-047 in 12%. Synthesis of Co(dmgH)(dmgH2)Cl2: CoCl2 (5 g, 0.02 mol) was dissolved in acetone (150 mL) and diacetyldioxime (4.9 g, 0.04 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min and subsequent filtrated. The filtrate was allowed to stand for 18 h and green crystal were formed. The crystals were collected via filtration and were washed with cold acetone. The product was obtained as dark green crystals and was used without further purification. Synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (FR-198): Pyridin-2-amine C.23 (500 mg, 5.31 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-bromo-1-phenylethan-1-one C.24 (119 mg, 5.31 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and subsequent allow to cool to room temperature. Water was added and the water phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/heptane (3:7) as the eluent. The pure product FR- 198 was obtained as green solid in 40% yield (409 mg). Mp: 130 - 132 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.09 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 – 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.37 – 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.19 – 7.10 (m, 1H), 6.79 – 6.71 (m, 1H). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H10N2 [M+H]+ 195.0917, found 195.0920. Synthesis of 3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-phenylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine (CPD-047): Benzimidazole FR-198 (49 mg, 0.25 mmol), NH-triazole 2 (141 mg, 0.50 mmol), Acr+-MesClO4- (10 mol%) and Co(dmgH)(dmgH2)Cl2 (10 mol%) were added to an oven- dried reaction tube with a magnetic stirring bar. The reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N2 (3x). Afterwards, a dried, degassed solution of 1:1 HFIP:DCE (10 mL) was added to the reaction tube. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 24h with blue LED light. Afterwards, water was added to the reaction and the water phase was extracted with DCM (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with MTBE/CHCl3 (3:7) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-047 stayed behind as a light brown solid in 12% yield (13 mg). Mp: 188-190 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.73 (s, 2H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.83 – 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.79 – 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.59 – 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.43 – 7.34 (m, 4H), 6.96 (td, J = 6.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.97.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.97. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.83, 148.51, 143.92, 141.11, 132.55 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 132.30, 131.38, 129.29, 129.22, 127.35, 127.22 – 126.99 (m), 126.97, 123.79 – 123.49 (m), 123.33 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 122.70, 118.26, 114.08. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C23H13F6N5 [M+H]+ 474.1148, found 474.1168. XXX. Synthesis of CPD-048 Compound CPD-048 was prepared starting from reaction of 2-aminopyridine C.23 with 3-bromo- 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone C.25 yielding benzimidazole FR-199 in 90%. Next, FR-199 was connected to NH-triazole 2 via a photo redox reaction yielding CPD-048 in 20%. Synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (FR-199): 3-Bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2- one C.25 (500 mg, 2.62 mmol) was slowly added to a solution of pyridin-2-amine C.23 (224 mg, 2.28 mmol) in 3:1 EtOH/dioxane (4 mL). The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Next, Et3N (1 mL, 4.17 mmol) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 18 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and the solvents were evaporated. EtOAc was added and the organic phase was extracted with water (3x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/heptane (1:4) as the eluent. The pure product FR-199 was obtained as an off-white solid in 90% yield (401 mg). Mp: 87-90 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.60 (dt, J = 6.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.53 – 8.51 (m, 1H), 7.67 (dq, J = 9.2, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (ddd, J = 9.2, 6.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (td, J = 6.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.22 (d, J = 1.0 Hz).19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.22.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 144.81, 133.65 (q, J = 37.6 Hz), 127.86, 127.24, 122.04 (q, J = 267.7 Hz), 117.52, 113.81, 113.01 (q, J = 4.1 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H5F3N2 [M+H]+ 187.0478, found 187.0480. Synthesis of 3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (CPD-048): Benzimidazole FR-199 (47 mg, 0.25 mmol), NH-triazole 2 (141 mg, 0.50 mmol), K2CO3 (35 mmol, 0.25 mmol), Acr+-MesClO4- (10 mol%) and Co(dmgH)(dmgH2)Cl2 (10 mol%) were added to an oven-dried reaction tube with a magnetic stirring bar. The reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N2 (3x). Afterwards, a dried, degassed solution of 1:1 HFIP:DCE (10 mL) was added to the reaction tube. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 24h with blue LED light. Afterwards, water was added to the reaction and the water phase was extracted with DCM (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (3:7) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and product CPD-048 was obtained as an off-white solid in 20% yield (23 mg). Mp: 130-133 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.68 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.02 – 7.96 (m, 2H), 7.86 – 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.57 – 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.15 – 7.09 (m, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -61.33 (3F), -63.01 (6F).19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -61.33 (3F), -63.01 (6F). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 148.47, 143.47, 132.58 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 128.51, 127.65 – 126.89 (m), 124.00 – 123.69 (m), 123.71 (q, J = 274.5 Hz), 123.57, 119.35, 115.76. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C18H8F9N5 [M+H]+ 466.0707, found 466.0701. XXXI. Synthesis of CPD-050
Compound CPD-050 was prepared starting from acetophenone C.26. C.26 was first converted to ketene S,S-acetal FR-255-1 in 85% yield. In the following reaction, FR-255-1 was substituted with aniline C.27 yielding β-thioenaminone SA-13 in 64%. Next, SA-13 was transformed to sulfanyl-triazole SA-31 via a diazo transfer reaction in 75% yield. Subsequently, the sulfanyltriazole SA-31 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole SA-37 in 76% yield. Finally, SA-37 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-050 in 53%. Synthesis of 3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (FR-255-1): To a dry round-bottom flask was added NaH (4.4 g, 180 mmol) and dry THF (120 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C and stirred for 20 min. Next, acetophenone C.26 (10.0 g, 9.8 mL, 83 mmol) was added at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred for 20 min at 0 °C. Afterwards, CS2 (6.6 g, 5.3 mL, 90 mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture at 0 °C followed by stirring for 30 min at 0 °C. Next, MeI (26.0 g, 11.4 mL, 180 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was poured into ice and then extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was crystalized from an ethanol/heptane mixture. The product FR-255-1 was obtained as orange needles in 85% yield (14.7 g). Mp: 90 – 93 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.00 – 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.57 – 7.39 (m, 3H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.54 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 185.82, 166.49, 139.50, 131.85, 128.59, 127.87, 109.63, 17.50, 15.21. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H12OS2 [M+Na]+ 247.0222, found 247.0229. Synthesis of (E)-3-(methylthio)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (SA-13): To a dry reaction tube was added 3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one FR-255-1 (150 mg, 0.67 mmol), aniline (62 mg, 0.06 mL, 0.67 mmol) and dry toluene (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 h at 120 °C. Next, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (5:95) as the eluent. The product was obtained as a yellow solid in 64% yield (116 mg). Mp: 54 -58 °C.1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 13.51 (br. s, 1H), 7.99 – 7.83 (m, 2H), 7.53 – 7.30 (m, 7H), 7.27 – 7.21 (m, 1H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H).13C NMR: (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 186.28, 167.64, 140.40, 138.36, 131.03, 129.16, 128.46, 127.19, 126.54, 125.41, 88.91, 14.92. Synthesis of (5-(methylthio)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone (SA-31): To a dry reaction tube was added 3-(methylthio)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)prop-2-en-1-one SA-13 (100 mg, 0.37 mmol), DBU (113 mg, 0.11 mL, 0.74 mmol), tosyl azide (88 mg, 0.07 mL, 0.45 mmol) and ACN (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Next, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (1:9) as the eluent . The product was obtained as an off-white solid in 75% yield (82 mg). Mp: 68 – 72 °C.1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.37 – 8.28 (m, 2H), 7.65 – 7.56 (m, 6H), 7.56 – 7.50 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H).13C NMR: (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 186.38, 146.43, 138.85, 137.26, 135.82, 133.29, 130.82, 130.36, 129.57, 128.45, 125.82, 18.08. Synthesis of (5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone (SA-37): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, SA-31 (3.4 g, 11.6 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (14.0 g, 116.0 mmol) was added. meta- Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 8.6 g, 35.0 mmol) was added in small portions, the reaction was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed with saturated Na2CO3 (8x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystalized from an EtOAc/heptane mixture. The product was obtained as white crystals in 76% yield (2.9 g). Mp: 179 – 182 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.26 – 8.17 (m, 2H), 7.72 – 7.46 (m, 8H), 3.49 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 185.23, 146.27, 137.90, 134.83, 134.56, 133.59, 130.38, 130.09, 128.41, 127.82, 125.70, 44.93. FTIR (cm-1): 3016, 1677, 1594, 1521, 1494, 1462, 1447, 1397, 1327, 1225, 1197, 1178, 1162, 1149, 1102, 1090, 1070, 1028, 1009, 1000, 962, 920, 841, 804, 768, 741, 719, 703, 689, 616, 582, 552, 539, 516, 468, 431. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H13N3O3S1 [M+Na]+ 350.0570, found 350.0580. Synthesis of (5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone (CPD-050): (5-(Methylsulfonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4- yl)(phenyl)methanone SA-37 (58 mg, 0.17 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (63 mg, 0.19 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 8 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:4) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-050 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 53% yield (50 mg). Mp: 130-133 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.47 – 8.31 (m, 4H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.61 – 7.43 (m, 7H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): -63.11. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): -63.11.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 185.29, 161.88, 148.74, 139.29, 136.04, 134.72, 134.48, 134.29, 132.39 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.73, 131.04, 130.96, 129.80, 128.77, 127.18 – 126.76 (m), 124.92, 123.88 – 123.45 (m), 123.19 (q, J = 272.6 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C25H14F6N6O1 [M+Na]+ 551.1026, found 551.1024. XXXII. Synthesis of CPD-054 + CPD-055 Compounds CPD-054 and CPD-055 were prepared starting from methylation of imidazole C.28 yielding different regioisomers FR-242-3 and FR-242-1 in 35% and 31%, respectively. FR-242-3 and FR-242-1 were individually chlorinated with NCS towards FR-250 and FR-251-1 in 30% and 41% yield, respectively. In the next step, both FR-250 and FR-251-1 were oxidized to FR-273 and FR-269 in 77% and 78% yield, respectively. Finally, the two regioisomers FR-273 and FR-269 were individually substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compounds CPD-054 and CPD-055 in 61% and 58%, respectively. Synthesis of ethyl 1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (FR-242-1) and ethyl 1- methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (FR-242-3): Ethyl 2-mercapto-1H-imidazole-4- carboxylate C.28 (500 mg, 2.90 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.38 mL, 6.09 mmol), K2CO3 (1003 mg, 7.26 mmol) in dry DMF (15 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc, extracted with brine, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The regioisomeric products were obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:7) as eluent yielding FR-241-1 as yellowish oil in 31% yield (183 mg) and FR-241-3 as yellowish oil in 35% yield (202 mg). Ethyl 1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate FR-242-1: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.70 (s, 1H), 4.29 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.35 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H). Ethyl 1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate FR-242-3: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.57 (s, 1H), 4.35 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.36 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.69, 145.70, 133.56, 128.08, 60.61, 33.49, 15.91, 14.54. Synthesis of ethyl 5-chloro-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (FR-250): Ethyl 1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate FR-242-3 (107 mg, 0.53 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM and N-chlorosuccinimide (77 mg, 0.56 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Afterwards, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was resolved in EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water (2x) and brine (1x) and afterwards dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (1:4) as eluent yielding FR-250 as yellowish oil in 29% yield (36 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.39 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.39 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.66, 144.23, 128.42, 125.06, 60.87, 31.26, 15.53, 14.48. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H11Cl1N2O2S1 [M+H]+ 235.0302, found 235.0303. Synthesis of ethyl 4-chloro-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (FR-251-1): Ethyl 1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate FR-242-1 (71 mg, 0.35 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM and N-chlorosuccinimide (49 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Afterwards, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was resolved in EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water (2x) and brine (1x) and afterwards dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (15:75) as eluent yielding FR-251-1 as yellowish oil in 41% yield (40 mg).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.35 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 1.39 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 159.61, 148.63, 137.21, 119.61, 60.89, 33.78, 14.96, 14.39. MS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H11ClN2O2S [M+H]+ 234.02, found 235. Synthesis of ethyl 5-chloro-1-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (FR-273): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, FR-250 (36 mg, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (184 mg, 1.53 mmol) was added. meta- Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 113 mg, 0.48 mmol) was added in small portions, the reaction was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed with saturated Na2CO3 (3x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (1:4) as the eluent affording FR-273 as an off-white solid in 77% yield (31 mg). Mp: 75-76 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.41 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 1.40 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 4H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 160.80, 143.20, 128.32, 127.85, 61.54, 42.17, 32.75, 14.42. Synthesis of ethyl 4-chloro-1-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (FR-269): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, FR-251-1 (67 mg, 0.29 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (346 mg, 2.87 mmol) was added. meta- Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 212 mg, 0.86 mmol) was added in small portions, the reaction was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed with saturated Na2CO3 (3x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (1:4) as the eluent affording FR-269 as an off-white solid in 80% yield (61 mg). Mp: 73-74 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.41 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (s, 3H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 1.42 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 158.84, 144.91, 135.39, 121.72, 61.98, 42.58, 35.20, 14.26. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H11Cl1N2O4S1 [M+H]+ 267.0201, found 267.0195. Synthesis of ethyl 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-2- (methylsulfonyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate (CPD-055): Ethyl 5-chloro-1-methyl-2- (methylsulfonyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate FR-273 (23 mg, 0.085 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (24 mg, 0.087 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (34 mg, 0.10 mmol) as base in dry DMF (0.65 mL) at 100 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (3:7). The product CPD-055 was obtained as an off-white solid in 61% yield (27 mg). Mp: 220-220°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.64 (s, 3H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 4.31 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 1.26 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.00.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.00.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.34, 160.15, 149.17, 143.88, 132.57 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.79, 131.28, 127.13 – 126.79 (m), 126.45, 124.04 – 123.67 (m), 123.23 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 62.06, 42.32, 33.20, 14.21. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C18H15F6N5O4S1 [M+Na]+ 534.0641, found 534.0633. Synthesis of ethyl 2-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl- 1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (CPD-054): Ethyl 4-chloro-1-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)-1H- imidazole-5-carboxylate FR-269 (30 mg, 0.11 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (41 mg, 0.15 mmol) according to general procedure A with K2CO3 (62 mg, 0.45 mmol) as base in dry DMF (0.65 mL) at 100 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (3:7). The product CPD-054 was obtained as an off-white solid in 52% yield (30 mg). Mp: 175-179 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 2H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 4.44 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.20 (s, 3H), 1.44 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) - 63.03. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.03. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.85, 159.19, 146.55, 138.27, 135.52, 132.59 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.90, 127.18 – 126.88 (m), 123.99 – 123.58 (m), 123.26 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 119.61, 61.70, 35.06, 14.36. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C17H12Cl1F6N5O2 [M+H]+ 468.0656, found 468.0659. XXXIII. Synthesis of CPD-062 Compound CPD-062 was prepared starting from acetophenone C.26. C.26 was first converted to ketene S,S-acetal FR-255-1 in 85% yield. In the following reaction, FR-255-1 was substituted with methylamine C.29 yielding β-thioenaminone SA-26 in 77%. Next, SA-26 was transformed to sulfanyl-triazole SA-33 via a diazo transfer reaction in 12% yield. Subsequently, the sulfanyltriazole SA-33 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole SA-48 in 79% yield. Finally, SA-48 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-062 in 57%. Synthesis of (E)-3-(methylamino)-3-(methylthio)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (SA-26): To a dry reaction tube was added 3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one FR-255-1 (3.1 g, 14 mmol), methylamine C.29 (0.85 g, 27 mmol) and dry EtOH (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at 80 °C. Next, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent. The product was obtained as a yellow solid in 77% yield (2.2 g). Mp: 70 – 73 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 11.76 (br. s, 1H), 7.90 – 7.74 (m, 2H), 7.60 – 7.32 (m, 3H), 5.65 (s, 1H), 3.07 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 3H), 2.47 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 185.32, 170.81, 140.89, 130.51, 128.31, 126.96, 86.37, 30.38, 14.34. Synthesis of (1-methyl-5-(methylthio)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone (SA-33): To a dry reaction tube was added SA-26 (100 mg, 0.48 mmol), DBU (146 mg, 0.14 mL, 0.96 mmol), tosyl azide (114 mg, 0.09 mL, 0.58 mmol) and ACN (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Next, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (5:95) as the eluent. The product was obtained as a greenish oil in 12% yield (14 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.30 – 8.24 (m, 2H), 7.63 – 7.57 (m, 1H), 7.54 – 7.47 (m, 2H), 4.16 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 186.43, 146.90, 137.72, 137.28, 133.21, 130.77, 128.42, 35.39, 18.41. Synthesis of (1-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone (SA-48): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, SA-33 (28 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (144 mg, 1.20 mmol) was added. meta- Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 89 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added in small portions, the reaction was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed with saturated Na2CO3 (3x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (1:9) as the eluent affording SA-48 as an off-white solid in 69% yield (22 mg). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.23 – 8.15 (m, 2H), 7.70 – 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.56 – 7.48 (m, 2H), 4.44 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H). Synthesis of (5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methanone (CPD-062): (1-Methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4- yl)(phenyl)methanone SA-48 (17 mg, 0.06 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (19 mg, 0.07 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (25 mg, 0.08 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.50 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:9). The product CPD-062 was obtained as an off-white solid in 56% yield (17 mg). Mp: 185-187 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 9.19 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 2H), 8.35 – 8.28 (m, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.70 – 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.58 – 7.50 (m, 2H), 4.31 (s, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.98.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.98. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 185.63, 162.17, 149.20, 138.13, 136.12, 134.87, 134.16, 132.58 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.79, 131.02, 128.71, 127.14 – 126.92 (m), 123.97 – 123.79 (m), 123.24 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 36.99. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C20H12F6N6O1 [M+Na]+ 489.08691, found 489.0687. XXXIV. Synthesis of CPD-067 Compound CPD-067 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on uracil C.30 in 77% yield. Synthesis of 6-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine- 2,4(1H,3H)-dione (CPD-067): 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione CPD-067 (59 mg, 0.34 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (132 mg, 0.40 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1 mL) at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/PE (1:4). The product CPD-067 was obtained as an off-white solid in 77% yield (110 mg). Mp: 312-315 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.60 (s, 2H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.04.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.04.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.65, 161.33, 151.40, 146.13, 144.57, 132.61 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.49, 127.18 – 126.89 (m), 124.23 – 123.89 (m), 123.16 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 99.11, 32.80, 28.75. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H11F6N5O2 [M+H]+ 420.0890, found 420.0884. XXXV. Synthesis of CPD-069 Compound CPD-069 was prepared starting from acetone C.31. C.31 was first converted to ketene S,S-acetal FR-348B in 64% yield. In the following reaction, FR-348B was substituted with methylamine C.29 yielding β-thioenaminone FR-356 in 77% yield. Next, FR-356 was transformed to sulfanyltriazole FR-380 in 43% yield. Subsequently, the sulfanyltriazole FR-380 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole FR-387 in 55% yield. Finally, FR-387 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-069 in 33%. Synthesis of 4,4-bis(methylthio)but-3-en-2-one (FR-348B): To a dry reaction tube was added KOtBu (1.9 g, 17.2 mmol) and dry THF (20 mL). Dry acetone C.31 (500 mg, 0.63 mL, 17.2 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min at room temperature. Afterwards, the reaction tube was placed in an ice bath and CS2 (629 mg, 0.5 mL, 8.61 mmol) was added dropwise, directly followed by the dropwise addition of MeI (2.4 g, 1.7 mL, 17.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. The residue was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/Pe (1:4) as the eluent. The product was obtained as an orange solid in 64% yield (1.8 g). Mp: 61 – 65 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 6.04 (s, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.87, 163.43, 113.09, 30.50, 17.24, 14.89. Synthesis of (E)-4-(methylamino)-4-(methylthio)but-3-en-2-one (FR-356): To an oven-dried pressure tube was added 4,4-bis(methylthio)but-3-en-2-one FR-348B (1.1 g, 6.7 mmol), methylamine C.29 (417 mg, 13.4 mmol) and dry dioxane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at 105 °C. Next, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:9) as the eluent . The product was obtained as yellow solid in 93% yield. Mp: 59 – 62 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 11.19 (br. s, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 2.98 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 191.87, 169.26, 89.13, 30.18, 29.05, 14.17. Synthesis of 1-(1-methyl-5-(methylthio)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (FR-380): To a dry reaction tube was added FR-356 (50 mg, 0.34 mmol), tosyl azide (81 mg, 0.41 mmol), acetic acid (0.02 ml, 0.34 mmol) and solvent (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at temperature 60 °C for 18 h. Afterwards, the solvent was evaporated and the mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (5:95) as the eluent. The product was obtained a yellow semi- solid in 43% isolated yield (25 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.10 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.55 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.78, 129.80, 126.56, 35.31, 28.11, 18.03. Synthesis of 1-(1-methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (FR-387): To an oven-dried reaction tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, FR-380 (78 mg, 0.45 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, and MgSO4 (545 mg, 4.52 mmol) was added. meta- Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70%, 558 mg, 2.26 mmol) was added in small portions, the reaction was stirred for 18 h at room temperature. Saturated Na2CO3 was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer washed with saturated Na2CO3 (3x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent affording FR-387 as an off-white solid in 55% yield (51 mg). Mp: 67 - 69°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 4.38 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.68, 145.80, 135.95, 44.89, 39.01, 28.35. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C6H9N3O3S1 [M+H]+ 204.0437, found 204.0439. Synthesis of 1-(5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (CPD-069): 1-(1-Methyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1- one FR-387 (51 mg, 0.25 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (73 mg, 0.26 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (97 mg, 0.30 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:9). The product CPD-069 was obtained as an off-white solid in 33% yield (33 mg). Mp: 75-77 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 2H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 4.32 (s, 3H), 2.78 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.01.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.01.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.82, 162.00, 148.85, 137.13, 132.61, 132.57 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.69, 127.18 – 126.84 (m), 124.12 – 123.76 (m), 123.21 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 37.43, 28.11. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C15H10F6N6O1 [M+Na]+ 427.0713, found 427.0713. XXXVI. Synthesis of CPD-070 Compound CPD-070 was prepared starting from an interrupted CuAAC reaction between alkyne C.32 and benzyl azide C.15 yielding sulfanyltriazole SA-97 in 79% yield. Afterwards, SA-97 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole SA-99 in 56% yield. Finally, SA-99 was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-070 in 56%. Synthesis of 1-(1-benzyl-5-(methylthio)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (SA-97): To a dry reaction tube was added CuI (1001 mg, 5.26 mmol), K2CO3 (1118 mg, 8.09 mmol), and S8 (389 mg,12.10 mmol). The reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N2 (3x). Dry DMF (2.5 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. Subsequent, MeI (689 mg, 0.3 mL, 4.85 mmol), benzyl azide (538 mg, 0.51 mL, 4.04 mmol) and but-3-yn-2-one (330 mg, 0.38 mL, 4.85 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred under an inert atmosphere at room temperature for 30 min and subsequently at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Next, the solids were filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with saturated NaHCO3-solution (2x) and brine (2x). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent. The product was obtained as an orange solid in 79% yield (788 mg). Mp: 62 – 64 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.37 – 7.26 (m, 5H), 5.65 (s, 2H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 193.18, 147.61, 135.90, 135.09, 129.51, 129.11, 128.42, 52.65, 28.55, 18.54. Synthesis of 1-(1-benzyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (SA-99): To a round-bottom flask was added 1-(1-benzyl-5-(methylthio)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one SA- 97 (788 mg, 3.20 mmol), mCPBA (>70%) (2.4 g, 9.60 mmol), MgSO4 (3.8 g, 32.00 mmol) and DCM (150 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Next, EtOAc was added and the reaction mixture was washed with a saturated Na2CO3-solution (5x). Brine was added to facilitate phase separation. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystalized from heptane. The product was obtained as white crystals in 84% yield (752 mg). Mp: 73 – 76 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.36 – 7.29 (m, 5H), 5.98 (s, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.52, 146.75, 135.17, 134.23, 129.06, 128.29, 54.42, 44.26, 28.45. FTIR (cm-1): 1702, 1498, 1415, 1338, 1198, 1163, 1133, 963, 905, 761, 724, 649, 560, 500. Synthesis of 1-(1-benzyl-5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (CPD-070): 1-(1-Benzyl-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1- one SA-99 (47.5 mg, 0.17 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (50.2 mg, 0.18 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (66.5 mg, 0.20 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (1:5) as the eluent. The product CPD-070 was obtained as an off-white solid in 56% yield (46 mg). Mp: 145 – 114 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.33 – 7.24 (m, 3H), 7.14 – 7.07 (m, 2H), 5.86 (s, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.96. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.96.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.73, 161.92, 148.62, 137.70, 133.41, 132.61 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 132.02, 131.66, 129.24, 129.17, 127.62, 127.15 – 126.77 (m), 124.08 – 123.75 (m), 123.23 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 53.98, 28.12. XXXVII. Synthesis of CPD-071 Compound CPD-071 was prepared starting from an interrupted CuAAC reaction between alkyne C.32 and phenyl azide C.14 yielding sulfanyltriazole FR-408 in 14% yield. Afterwards, FR-408 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole FR-416 in 87% yield. Finally, FR-416 was substituted with NH- triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-071 in 37% yield. Synthesis of 1-(5-(methylthio)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (FR-408): To a dry reaction tube was added CuI (4.16 g, 21.83 mmol), K2CO3 (4.64 g, 33.58 mmol), and S8 (1.62 mg, 50.37 mmol). The reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N2 (3x). Dry DMF (84 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. Subsequent, MeI (2.88 g, 1.30 mL, 20.24 mmol), phenyl azide (2.00 g, 1.80 mL, 16.79 mmol) and but-3-yn-2-one (1.38 g, 1.60 mL, 20.19 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred under an inert atmosphere at room temperature for 30 min and subsequently at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Next, the solids were filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography using CHCl3/MTBE/PE (2:2:6) as the eluent. The product FR-408 was obtained as an off-white solid in 30% yield (1.17 g). Mp: 83-85 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.62 – 7.51 (m, 5H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.86, 146.48, 136.78, 135.68, 130.40, 129.53, 125.92, 28.39, 18.05. Synthesis of 1-(5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (FR-416): To a round-bottom flask was added 1-(5-(methylthio)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one FR- 408 (40 mg, 0.17 mmol), mCPBA (>70%) (143.5 mg, 0.83 mmol), MgSO4 (200 mg, 1.66 mmol) and DCM (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and EtOAc was added. Next, the reaction mixture was washed with a saturated Na2CO3-solution (5x). Brine was added to facilitate phase separation. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained as white solid in 86% yield (38 mg). Mp: 182-184 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.65 – 7.52 (m, 3H), 7.48 – 7.40 (m, 2H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 2.84 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.70, 145.49, 137.12, 135.53, 131.15, 129.11, 126.50, 45.04, 28.62. Synthesis of 1-(5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one (CPD-071): 1-(5-(Methylsulfonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1- one FR-416 (34.6 mg, 0.13 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (38.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (51.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-071 was obtained as a white solid in 37% yield (22.7 mg). Mp: 153-154 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 2H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.61 – 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.42 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.09.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.09.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 192.62, 161.69, 148.36, 138.09, 134.94, 132.39 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 132.28, 131.63, 130.95, 129.69, 127.12 – 126.80 (m), 125.16, 123.86 – 123.53 (m), 123.17 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 28.23. XXXVIII. Synthesis of CPD-072 + CPD-074 + CPD-077 + CPD-088 + CPD-084
Compound FR-425 was prepared starting from an interrupted CuAAC reaction between alkyne C.33 and phenyl azide C.14 yielding sulfanyltriazole FR-420 in 43% yield. Afterwards, FR-420 was oxidized to sulfonyltriazole FR-422 in 44% yield. Finally, FR-422 was substituted with NH- triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-072 in 63%. Compound CPD-072 was further used for the synthesis of CPD-074, CPD-077, CPD-088 and CPD-084. The ester function in CPD-072 was first reduced to alcohol CPD-074 in 69% yield which was again oxidized to aldehyde CPD-077 in 62% yield. The aldehyde CPD-077 was further converted towards CPD-088 in 60% yield and this was finally oxidized towards trifluoromethyl- ketone CPD-084 in 58% yield. Synthesis of methyl 5-(methylthio)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (FR-420): To a dry reaction tube was added CuI (519.6 mg, 2.73 mmol), K2CO3 (580.1 mg, 4.20 mmol), and S8 (1614.7 mg, 6.30 mmol). The reaction tube was sealed, evacuated and backfilled with N2 (3x). Dry DMF (10.5 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled with an ice bath. Subsequent, MeI (359.1 mg, 0.16 mL, 2.53 mmol), phenyl azide (250 mg, 0.23 mL, 2.10 mmol) and methyl propiolate (211.7 mg, 0.22 mL, 2.52 mmol) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred under an inert atmosphere at room temperature for 30 min and subsequently at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Next, the solids were filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography using MTBE/PE (3:7) as the eluent. The product FR-420 was obtained as a yellow oil in 43% yield (225 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.55 – 7.38 (m, 5H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 160.87, 139.74, 137.78, 135.39, 130.17, 129.28, 125.63, 52.25, 18.05. Synthesis of methyl 5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (FR-422): To a round-bottom flask was added FR-420 (204 mg, 0.82 mmol), mCPBA (>70%) (706 mg, 4.09 mmol), MgSO4 (985 mg, 8.18 mmol) and DCM (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and EtOAc was added. Next, the reaction mixture was washed with a saturated Na2CO3-solution (5x). Brine was added to facilitate phase separation. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The product was obtained as white solid in 44% yield (101 mg). Mp: 194 - 196° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.65 – 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.48 – 7.43 (m, 2H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 160.31, 139.77, 138.87, 135.50, 131.36, 129.28, 126.68, 53.49, 45.25. Synthesis of methyl 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H- 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (CPD-072): FR-422 (250 mg, 0.89 mmol) was substituted with NH- triazole 2 (262 mg, 0.93 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (348 mg, 1.07 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (3.40 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-072 was obtained as a white solid in 63% yield (271 mg). Mp: 173 – 175 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.56 – 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.46 – 7.39 (m, 2H), 3.99 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.07. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.07.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.98, 160.05, 148.27, 134.53, 134.01, 132.59, 132.44 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.60, 131.04, 129.80, 127.21 – 126.55 (m), 124.91, 124.00 – 123.49 (m), 123.17 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 53.07. Synthesis of (5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)methanol (CPD-074): CPD-072 (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) and NaOMe (0.2 mg, 0.004 mmol) were dissolved in dry MeOH (3.2 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. NaBH4 was added slowly at 0 °C and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Next, 1 additional equivalent of NaBH4 was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. After finishing of the reaction, EtOAc and a 3N HCl solution was added. The mixture was partitioned between the organic layer and water phase. The organic layer was washed with brine (2x), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-074 was obtained as a white solid in 69% yield (65 mg). Mp: 117 - 118 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.51 (s, 2H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.55 – 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.44 – 7.37 (m, 2H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 2.51 (s, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.03. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.03. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.21, 147.35, 141.90, 134.60, 132.52 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.68, 130.76, 130.01, 129.95, 127.21 – 126.84 (m), 124.47, 123.81, 123.20 (q, J = 272.5 Hz), 55.57. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazole-4-carbaldehyde (CPD-077): A solution of CPD-074 (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Dess-Martin periodinane (149 mg, 0.35 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc, filtered through a bed of Celite and the filtrate was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (1:4) as the eluent. The product CPD-077 was obtained as a white solid in 62% yield (49 mg). Mp: 135 – 136 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 10.33 (s, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 3H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.64 – 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.46 – 7.41 (m, 2H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.13. 19F NMR CPD (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.13.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 184.38, 161.72, 147.84, 136.95, 134.95, 132.36, 132.30 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.23, 131.01, 129.54, 126.95 – 126.73 (m), 125.46, 124.04 – 123.56 (m), 123.00 (q, J = 272.8 Hz). Synthesis of 1-(5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol (CPD-088): Aldehyde CPD-077 (45 mg, 0.10 mmol) and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (0.03 mL, 28 mg, 0.20 mmol) were dissolved in 1 mL dry DME, and CsF (0.2 mg, 0.001 mmol) was added. The solution changed from colorless to yellowish and was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Subsequent, the reaction was hydrolyzed with a 3 N HCl solution at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with Et2O (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-088 was obtained as a colorless oil in 60% yield (31 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.54 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.61 – 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.46 – 7.40 (m, 2H), 5.47 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.05 (s), -78.18 (d, J = 6.6 Hz).19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.06 (s), -78.18 (s).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.14, 147.30, 136.59, 133.93, 132.47 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.20, 131.07, 130.44, 130.09, 126.97 – 126.76 (m), 124.37, 124.02 – 123.76 (m), 123.48 (q, J = 282.7 Hz), 122.80 (q, J = 227.3 Hz), 66.64 (q, J = 34.7 Hz). Synthesis of 1-(5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-one (CPD-084): The CF3-alchohol CPD-088 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in dry DCM (1 mL). Subsequent, Dess-Martin periodinane (70 mg, 0.16 mmol) and Na2CO3 (20 mg, 0.19 mmol) were added to the reaction. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Next, water was added and the obtained suspension was stirred for an additional hour. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3x). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The product CPD-084 was obtained as a white solid in 58% yield (14 mg). Mp: 105 – 107 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 3H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 2H), 7.53 (s, 5H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.65, -82.83.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.65, -82.83. 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 159.86, 150.57, 140.53, 134.05, 131.78, 131.27 (q, J = 33.3 Hz), 130.56, 130.42, 129.77, 126.44 – 125.79 (m), 125.60 (q, J = 288.6 Hz), 124.54, 123.87 – 123.65 (m), 122.97 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 90.34 (q, J = 33.7 Hz). XXXIX. Synthesis of CPD-075 Compound CPD-075 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on pyrazole C.34 in 48% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(3-methyl-4-nitro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-075)FR-457: Pyrazole C.34 (80 mg, 0.337 mmol) was substituted with NH- triazole 2 (96 mg, 0.34 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (132 mg, 0.40 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The obtained oil was sonicated with heptane and the formed precipitate was collected. The product FR-457 was obtained as a white solid in 48% yield (77 mg). Mp: 117 - 118 ° C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.50 (s, 3H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.45 – 7.39 (m, 4H), 7.36 – 7.31 (m, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.03. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.03.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.07, 147.88, 147.16, 136.56, 132.45 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.68, 131.21, 130.18, 129.83, 128.56, 127.14 – 126.86 (m), 124.23, 123.92 – 123.65 (m), 123.21 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 14.47. XL. Synthesis of CPD-076 Compound CPD-076 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on pyrimidone C.35 in 54% yield. Synthesis of 1-benzyl-3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-chloro-6- phenylpyrazin-2(1H)-one (CPD-076) FR-458: Pyrimidone C.35 (80 mg, 0.24 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (69 mg, 0.25 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (94 mg, 0.29 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (3:7) as the eluent. The obtained oil was sonicated with heptane and the formed precipitate was collected. The product CPD-076 was obtained as a white solid in 54% yield (75 mg). Mp: 193 – 194 ° C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 9.89 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.61 – 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.53 – 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.32 – 7.23 (m, 3H), 7.22 – 7.18 (m, 2H), 6.92 – 6.88 (m, 2H), 5.26 (s, 2H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.85. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.85. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.07, 150.35, 147.60, 139.62, 138.83, 134.46, 132.10, 132.85 – 131.66 (m), 130.90, 130.17, 129.44, 129.34, 128.94, 128.46, 127.53 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 127.35, 125.48, 123.88 – 123.51 (m), 123.35 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 51.28. XLI. Synthesis of CPD-078 FR-460 Compound CPD-078 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on pyrazole C.36 in 68% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1,3-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-078): Pyrazole C.36 (80 mg, 0.46 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (135 mg, 0.48 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (178 mg, 0.55 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/CHCl3 (5:95) as the eluent. The obtained oil was sonicated with heptane and the formed precipitate was collected. The product CPD-078 was obtained as a white solid in 68% yield (131 mg). Mp: 141 – 142 ° C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.62 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.01.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.01.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.18, 148.39, 146.32, 132.56 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 131.76, 131.71, 127.18 – 126.93 (m), 126.57, 124.10 – 123.69 (m), 123.23 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 37.97, 14.37. XLII. Synthesis of CPD-079 FR-465 Compound CPD-079 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on C.37 in 9% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-chloro-1-(4- chlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrazin-2(1H)-one (CPD-079): Pyrimidone C.37 (80 mg, 0.31 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (93 mg, 0.33 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (123 mg, 0.38 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (1:9) as the eluent. The obtained oil was sonicated with heptane and the formed precipitate was collected. The product CPD-079 was obtained as a white solid in 9% yield (15 mg). Mp: >300 ° C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 9.72 (s, 1H), 8.78 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.70 – 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.28 – 7.22 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.05, 150.59, 147.25, 138.63, 137.04, 135.94, 135.04, 132.29 (q, J = 33.6 Hz), 132.03, 131.14, 128.36, 127.63 – 127.37 (m), 124.72, 123.84 – 123.50 (m), 123.34 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 18.62. XLIII. Synthesis of CPD-080 + CPD-081 + CPD-082 FR-466-1, FR-466-2, and FR-466-3 Compounds CPD-080, CPD-081 and CPD-082 were synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH- triazole 2 on C.38 in 7%, 11%, and 8% yield, respectively. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (CPD-080), 1,1'-((5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)methylene)bis(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole) (CPD-081), and 1,1'-((5-(3- (3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4- yl)methylene)bis(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole) (CPD-082): Pyrazole C.38 (50 mg, 0.31 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (93 mg, 0.33 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (123 mg, 0.38 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 80 °C for 72 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (1:4) as the eluent. The products CPD-080, CPD-081 and CPD-082 were obtained as off-white solids in 7, 11 and 8% yield, respectively. CPD-080: Mp: 126 - 128 ° C. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 9.86 (s, 1H), 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 2H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.56 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.98.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.98.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 183.05, 161.94, 151.22, 147.96, 135.99, 132.53 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 131.93, 127.29 – 126.69 (m), 123.88 – 123.67 (m), 123.26 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 113.34, 37.70, 12.86. CPD-081: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.75 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 2H), 8.47 (s, 2H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.60, -61.69.19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.60, -61.69. CPD-082: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.70 (s, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 2H), 8.17 (s, 2H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.84, -62.00, -62.17.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.84, -62.00, -62.17. XLIV. Synthesis of CPD-083 FR-467 Compound CPD-083 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on C.39 in 33% yield. Synthesis of 1-benzyl-3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-5-chloropyrazin- 2(1H)-one (CPD-083): C.39 (80 mg, 0.31 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (93 mg, 0.33 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (123 mg, 0.38 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/DCM (5:95) as the eluent. The product CPD-083 was obtained as a white solid in 33% yield (51 mg). Mp: 198 – 200 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 9.85 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.47 – 7.37 (m, 5H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 5.25 (s, 2H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) - 62.87. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 161.15, 149.56, 147.67, 140.60, 133.30, 132.27 (q, J = 33.7 Hz), 131.97, 129.71, 129.64, 128.91, 127.72 – 127.44 (m), 126.01, 125.25, 123.90 – 123.53 (m), 123.32 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 53.75. XLV. Synthesis of CPD-089 FR-579 Compound CPD-089 was prepared starting from a Dimroth reaction of malononitrile C.13 and nitrophenyl azide C.42, yielding triazole FR-505 in 45%. The amine function was converted to a chloride via a Sandmeyer reaction in 58% yield. Subsequently, the chloride was substituted with NH-triazole 2 yielding compound CPD-089 in 26% yield. Synthesis of 5-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-505): An over-dried reaction tube was charged with and NaOEt (415 mg, 6.09 mmol) and 10 mL dry EtOH. The mixture was cooled to -10 °C and next, nitro-phenyl azide C.42 (1000 mg, 6.09 mmol) and malononitrile C.41 (805 mg, 12.19 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) were added slowly. The reaction was stirred 1 h in the ice bath, followed by 18 h at room temperature. After finishing, the reaction was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/CHCl3 (15:75) as the eluent. The product FR-505 was obtained as an off-white solid in 45% yield (633 mg). Mp: >250 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.44 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 148.12, 147.42, 139.10, 125.78, 125.18, 113.15, 101.73. Synthesis of 5-chloro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile (FR-567): Amine FR-505 (250 mg, 1.09 mmol) was dissolved in ACN and was added dropwise to a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (168 mg, 1.62 mmol) and CuCl2 (219 mg, 1.62 mmol) in ACN at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 18 h and slowly brought to room temperature. After finishing, the mixture was poured in 2N HCl, 3 x extracted with DCM, dried over MgSO4, and filtered. The product was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/isohexane (1:4) as the eluent. The product FR-567 was obtained as a light yellow solid in 58% yield (157 mg). Mp: 110 – 111 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.56 – 8.49 (m, 2H), 7.97 – 7.81 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 149.01, 138.29, 132.66, 125.61, 125.57, 121.64, 109.25. Synthesis of 5-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H- 1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonitrile (CPD-089): Triazole FR-567 (45 mg, 0.18 mmol) was substituted with NH-triazole 2 (53 mg, 0.19 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (71 mg, 0.22 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 80 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/CHCl3 (15:75) as the eluent. The obtained oil was sonicated with heptane and the formed precipitate was collected. The product CPD-089 was obtained as a white foam in 26% yield (23 mg). Mp: >300 ° C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.47 – 8.43 (m, 2H), 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.75 – 7.64 (m, 2H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.14.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.14.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 163.40, 149.27, 146.29, 138.43, 136.58, 132.80 (q, J = 33.9 Hz), 130.54, 127.24 – 126.99 (m), 126.06, 125.47, 124.77 – 124.44 (m), 123.01 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 116.56, 109.07. XLVI. Synthesis of CPD-032 FR-139 Compound CPD-032 was prepared starting from A.1. The carboxylic acid was first converted towards the methylester FR-125 in 84% yield. In the next step, FR-125 was alkylated with butyl iodide A.2 towards FR-127 in 95% yield. Afterwards, FR-127 was converted towards amide FR- 133 in 95% yield. Subsequent, FR-133 was transformed towards triazole FR-137 in 69% yield. In the last step, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with FR-137 resulting in CPD-032 in yield of 94%. Synthesis of methyl 3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (FR-125): An oven-dried reaction tube was charged with 3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid A.1 (250 mg, 1.21 mmol) and 7 mL dry MeOH. H2SO4 (0.01 mL, 0.24 mmol) was added and the reaction was refluxed at 65 °C for 18 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, extracted with EtOAc and water. The water phase was washed once more with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were extracted with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The product FR-125 was obtained as an off-white solid in 84% yield (244 mg). Mp: 129-131 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.25 (br. s, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.99.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 166.33, 156.54, 132.65 (q, J = 33.0 Hz), 132.33, 123.48 (q, J = 272.4 Hz), 119.87, 118.71 (q, J = 4.1 Hz), 117.20 (q, J = 3.4 Hz), 52.94. Synthesis of methyl 3-butoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (FR-127): Methyl 3-hydroxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoate FR-125 (200 mg, 0.91 mmol) was solved in 3 mL acetonitrile. 1- Iodobutane A.2 (200 mg, 1.09 mmol) and K2CO3 (138 mg, 1.00 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred 2 days at 54 °C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, extracted with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Product FR-127 was obtained as a yellow oil in 95% yield (237 mg) without purification. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 4.04 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 1.86 – 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.59 – 1.43 (m, 3H), 0.99 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 165.96, 159.59, 132.40, 132.22 (q, J = 33.0 Hz), 123.66 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 118.58 – 118.37 (m), 118.38 – 118.17 (m), 116.57 – 116.29 (m), 68.56, 52.68, 31.20, 19.30, 13.93. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H15F3O3 [M+H]+ 277.1046, found 277.1049. Synthesis of 3-butoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (FR-133): Methyl 3-butoxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoate FR-127 (200 mg, 0.72 mmol) was solved in 10 mL 7N NH3 in MeOH solution. The mixture was refluxed over weekend at 60 °C, cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo, washed with pentane, the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-133 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 95% yield (181 mg). Mp: 127-129 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.09 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.85 – 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.60 – 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -56.40.13C NMR (75 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 170.37, 161.13, 137.55, 133.07 (q, J = 33.0 Hz), 120.38 (q, J = 272.5 Hz), 118.03, 117.36 – 117.15 (m), 115.77 – 115.43 (m), 69.54, 32.27, 20.23, 14.13. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C12H14F3NO2 [M+H]+ 262.1049, found 262.1046. Synthesis of 3-(3-butoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-137): 3-Butoxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide FR-133 (100 mg, 0.38 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (0.50 mL, 3.78 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 0.5 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.10 mL, 0.46 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-137 as an off-white solid in 69% yield (75 mg). Mp: 117-120 °C.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.36 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 4.12 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.81 – 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.55 – 1.37 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.81.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.81.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 159.49, 132.12, 130.96 (q, J = 32.3 Hz), 130.83, 127.89, 123.82 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 115.24, 114.39 – 113.99 (m), 112.02 – 111.55 (m), 67.95, 30.57, 18.64, 13.67. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H14F3N3O [M+H]+ 286.1161, found 286.1152. Synthesis of 3-(3-butoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-032): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (26 mg, 0.16 mmol) was substituted with 3-(3-butoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole FR-137 (50 mg, 0.17 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (57 mg, 0.17 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The product CPD-032 was crystalized in ethanol and obtained as an off-white solid in 75% yield (49 mg). Mp: 114-118 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 4.09 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 1.87 – 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.59 – 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.00 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.89. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.89.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 163.50, 159.94, 148.51, 134.66, 132.66 (q, J = 32.9 Hz), 131.58, 123.85 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 123.34, 115.94 – 115.50 (m), 113.97 – 113.57 (m), 68.51, 33.57, 31.28, 19.33, 13.95. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C17H17F3N6O3 [M+Na]+ 433.1207, found 433.1198. XLVII. Synthesis of CPD-086 Compound CPD-086 was synthesized via nucleophilic attack of NH-triazole 2 on cysteine- derivative A.3 in 82% yield. Synthesis of methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-S-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-D-cysteinate (CPD-086): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (51 mg, 0.32 mmol) was substituted with methyl (tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-cysteinate A.3 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (116 mg, 0.36 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.30 mL) for 30 min at RT. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/DCM (15:85) as the eluent. The product CPD-086 obtained as a yellow oil in 92% yield (114 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.52 (s, 1H), 5.47 – 5.26 (m, 1H), 4.58 – 4.40 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.53 – 3.44 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 170.68, 155.00, 149.60, 136.96, 124.03, 80.81, 53.54, 53.05, 37.53, 33.21, 28.35. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H20N4O6S [M+Na]+ 383.0996, found 383.0983. XLVIII. Synthesis of CPD-038 Compound CPD-038 was synthesized starting from amide A.4. First a N,N- dimethylformimidamide intermediate was formed starting upon treatment of DMF-DMA. Acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded NH-1,2,4-triazole FRS-2 in 99% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole FRS-2 resulting in CPD-038 in 70% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FRS-2): 3-Fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide A.4 ( 500 mg, 2.41 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (567 µL, 4.51 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 2.4 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (91 µL, 2.92 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FRS-2 as an off- white solid in 99% yield (555 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 170.21, 167.59 (d, J = 246.7 Hz), 143.15, 136.89 (qd, J = 32.9, 8.7 Hz), 128.39 (qd, J = 272.5, 3.2 Hz), 123.86 (d, J = 23.5 Hz), 123.47, 121.64 (d, J = 23.4 Hz), 118.71 – 118.12 (m). Synthesis of 3-(3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-038): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (31 mg, 0.19 mmol) was substituted with FRS-2 (47 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (66 mg, 0.20 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:1) as the eluent. The product CPD-038 was obtained as an off-white solid in 70% yield (48 mg). Mp: 177-181 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.27 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.19 – 8.12 (m, 2H), 7.91 – 7.86 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.55 (3F), - 109.12 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1F).19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.55 (3F), -109.12 (1F). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 162.42 (d, J = 247.5 Hz), 160.77 (d, J = 2.9 Hz), 150.30, 139.12, 136.06, 133.05 (d, J = 8.8 Hz), 131.91 (qd, J = 33.3, 8.9 Hz), 123.28, 123.05 (qd, J = 272.7, 3.0 Hz), 118.95 – 118.65 (m), 117.14 (d, J = 23.5 Hz), 114.87 – 114.11 (m), 32.57. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H8F4N6O2 [M+H]+ 357.0718, found 357.0707. XLIX. Synthesis of CPD-039 Compound CPD-039 was synthesized starting from amide A.5. First a N,N- dimethylformimidamide intermediate was formed starting upon treatment of DMF-DMA. Acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-203 in 99% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-203 resulting in CPD-039 in 80% yield. Synthesis of 3-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (RS-203): 4-Chloro-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide A.5 (100 mg, 0.45 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (105 µL, 0.84 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 0.48 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (17 µL, 0.54 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-203 as an off- white solid in 99% yield (110 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.39 (s, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.53. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.53. 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 158.00, 146.07, 132.36, 131.07, 130.93, 130.28, 127.16 (q, J = 30.9 Hz), 124.56 (q, J = 5.4 Hz), 122.69 (q, J = 273.0 Hz). Synthesis of 3-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-039): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (37 mg, 0.23 mmol) was substituted with RS-203 (60 mg, 0.24 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (83 mg, 0.25 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:1) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-039 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 80% yield (69 mg). Mp: 164-167 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.66.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.66.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.94, 150.22, 139.11, 136.03, 132.68, 132.34 – 132.29 (m), 131.55, 129.03, 127.38 (q, J = 31.1 Hz), 125.07 (q, J = 5.5 Hz), 123.33, 122.56 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 32.55. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H8Cl1F3N6O2 [M+H]+ 373.0422, found 373.0437. L. Synthesis of CPD-040 Compound CPD-040 was synthesized starting from amide A.6. First a N,N- dimethylformimidamide intermediate was formed starting upon treatment of DMF-DMA. Acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded NH-1,2,4-triazole FRS-1 in 99% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole FRS-2 resulting in CPD-040 in 61% yield. Synthesis of 3-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FRS-1): 4-Fluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide A.6 (500 mg, 2.41 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (567 µL, 4.51 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 2.4 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (91 µL, 2.92 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FRS-1 as an off- white solid in 99% yield (552 mg). Mp: 170 – 171 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.35 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.37 – 8.32 (m, 1H), 8.32 – 8.27 (m, 1H), 7.66 – 7.59 (m, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 159.13 (d, J = 255.3 Hz), 146.01, 132.40, 132.31, 127.78, 124.29 – 124.02 (m), 122.44 (q, J = 272.3 Hz), 118.06 (d, J = 21.0 Hz), 117.10 (qd, J = 32.6, 11.6 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H5F4N3 [M+H]+ 232.0492, found 323.0489. Synthesis of 3-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-040): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (77 mg, 0.48 mmol) was substituted with FRS-1 (116 mg, 0.50 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (163 mg, 0.50 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.30 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:1) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-040 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 61% yield (104 mg). Mp: 173 – 176 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.23 (s, 1H), 8.46 – 8.40 (m, 1H), 8.38 – 8.33 (m, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.74 – 7.67 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -60.42 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 3F), -113.62 – -113.79 (m, 1F).19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ (ppm) -60.42 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 4F), -113.70 (q, J = 12.4 Hz, 1F).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ (ppm) 160.99, 159.76 (d, J = 256.6 Hz), 150.16, 139.10, 136.01, 133.07 (d, J = 9.7 Hz), 126.64 (d, J = 3.6 Hz), 125.00 – 124.73 (m), 123.38, 122.31 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 118.40 (d, J = 21.1 Hz), 117.38 (qd, J = 32.7, 13.0 Hz), 32.54. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H8F + 4N6O2 [M+H] 357.0718, found 357.0713. LI. Synthesis of CPD-041 FR-181 Compound CPD-041 was synthesized starting from carboxylic acid A.7 which was converted to amide RS-211 in 60% yield. Next, amide RS-212C was transformed towards a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate upon treatment of DMF-DMA, followed by acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielding NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-212C in 66% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-212C resulting in CPD-041 in 74% yield. Synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide (RS-211): To a solution of 2- (trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid A.7 (200 mg 1.05 mmol), HATU (438 mg, 1.15 mmol), and Et3N (438 µL, 3.14 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added NH3 in water (25%~28%, 0.5 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was purified by column chromatography to give 2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide RS-211 as a white solid (120 mg, 60%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.93 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.10 (dd, J = 5.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) - 66.55. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -66.55. 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 164.85, 151.18, 147.13 (q, J = 34.1 Hz), 143.42, 125.17, 121.53 (q, J = 274.3 Hz), 118.37 (q, J = 2.8 Hz). Synthesis of 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (RS-212C): 2- (Trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide RS-211 (250 mg, 1.31 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (309 µL, 2.46 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.2 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (50 µL, 1.60 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-212C as an off-white solid in 66% yield (185 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 14.59 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 8.84 – 8.75 (m, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.24 (dd, J = 5.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 158.02, 151.29, 147.36 (q, J = 33.8 Hz), 145.65, 140.41, 123.26, 121.55 (q, J = 274.1 Hz), 116.94 – 116.22 (m). Synthesis of 4-(1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine (CPD-041): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (45 mg, 0.28 mmol) was substituted with RS-232 (62 mg, 0.29 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (95 mg, 0.29 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:1) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-041 stayed behind as an off- white solid in 74% yield (70 mg). Mp: 183-186 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.97 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 8.38 – 8.37 (m, 1H), 8.33 (dd, J = 5.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -66.82.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -66.82.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.10, 151.62, 150.63, 147.54 (q, J = 34.1 Hz), 139.18, 138.74, 136.15, 123.83, 123.12, 121.44 (q, J = 274.2 Hz), 117.00 (q, J = 3.0 Hz), 32.59. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C12H8F3N7O2 [M+H]+ 340.0764, found 340.0765. LII. Synthesis of CPD-043 * Compound CPD-043 was synthesized starting from amide A.8. First a N,N- dimethylformimidamide intermediate was formed starting upon treatment of DMF-DMA. Acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-205 in 99% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-205 resulting in CPD-043 in 94% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (RS-205): 3- (Trifluoromethyl)benzamide A.8 (100 mg, 0.53 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (124 µL, 0.99 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 0.48 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (20 µL, 0.64 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-205 as an off- white solid in 99% yield (112 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.36 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.33 – 8.28 (m, 2H), 7.80 – 7.68 (m, 2H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 159.03, 145.50, 131.71, 130.10, 129.69 (q, J = 31.8 Hz), 129.65, 125.61, 124.08 (q, J = 272.3 Hz), 122.07 (q, J = 4.0 Hz). Synthesis of 1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-043): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) was substituted with RS-205 (44 mg, 0.21 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (67 mg, 0.21 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.60 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:1) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-043 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 83% yield (55 mg). Mp: 165-167 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.43.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.43.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 161.71, 150.08, 139.10, 136.01, 130.52, 130.47, 130.21, 129.84 (q, J = 32.1 Hz), 126.78 (q, J = 3.6 Hz), 123.94 (q, J = 272.3 Hz), 123.45, 122.51 (q, J = 4.2 Hz), 32.55. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H9F3N6O2 [M+H]+ 339.0812, found 339.0830. LIII. Synthesis of CPD-044 Compound CPD-044 was synthesized starting from carboxylic acid A.9 which was converted to amide RS-221 in 83% yield. Next, amide RS-221 was transformed towards a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate upon treatment of DMF-DMA, followed by acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielding NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-224 in 91% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-224 resulting in CPD-044 in 63% yield. Synthesis of 3-(difluoromethoxy)benzamide (RS-221): To a stirred solution of A.9 (200 mg, 1.06 mmol) in DCM (11 mL) was added DMF (6.6 µL) and oxalyl chloride (225 µL, 1.91 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 0.5 h. The solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (5 mL). A concentrated solution of ammonia in water (0.3 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. Water was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Silica gel chromatography gave the title compound RS-221(162 mg, 83%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.79 – 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.68 – 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.54 – 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.37 – 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 73.8 Hz, 1H). Synthesis of 3-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (RS-224): Amide RS-221 (250 mg, 1.34 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (314 µL, 2.50 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.2 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (50 µL, 1.62 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-224 as an off-white solid in 91% yield (258 mg). Mp: 117-118 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.14 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.95 – 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.82 – 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.55 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (t, J = 73.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.3 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 158.36, 151.31, 146.43, 132.30, 130.67, 122.59, 119.48, 116.36 (t, J = 257.9 Hz), 115.83. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H7F2N3O [M+H]+ 212.0630, found 212.0625. Synthesis of 3-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-044): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (35 mg, 0.22 mmol) was substituted with RS-224 (50 mg, 0.24 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (77 mg, 0.24 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:4) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-044 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 64% yield (55 mg). Mp: 134-137 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.06 – 8.01 (m, 1H), 7.94 – 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.50 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 – 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.60 (t, J = 73.6 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -80.91 (d, J = 73.6 Hz). 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -80.92.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 163.63, 151.71, 148.48, 134.63, 131.43, 130.54, 123.97, 123.45, 121.72, 117.99, 118.90 – 112.94 (m), 33.57. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H10F2N6O3 [M+H]+ 337.0855, found 337.0831. LIV. Synthesis of CPD-045 Compound CPD-045 was synthesized starting from carboxylic acid A.10 which was converted to amide RS-225 in 88% yield. Next, amide RS-225 was transformed towards a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate upon treatment of DMF-DMA, followed by acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielding NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-231 in 94% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-231 resulting in CPD-045 in 75% yield. Synthesis of 3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide (RS-225): To a stirred solution of 3- (trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid A.10 (300 mg, 1.46 mmol) in DCM (16 mL) was added DMF (10 µL) and oxalyl chloride (225 µL, 2.62 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 0.5 h. The solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (8 mL). A concentrated solution of ammonia in water (0.4 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. Water was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed in vacuum. Silica gel chromatography gave compound RS-225 in 88% yield (263 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.74 – 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.53 – 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.42 – 7.37 (m, 1H), 6.07 (br. s, 2H). Synthesis of 3-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (RS-231): 3- (Trifluoromethoxy)benzamide RS-225 (250 mg, 1.22 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (286 µL, 2.28 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.2 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (46 µL, 1.47 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-231 as an off- white solid in 94% yield (263 mg). Mp: 115-116 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.32 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.07 – 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.95 – 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.63 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46 – 7.39 (m, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 158.14, 148.76 (q, J = 1.9 Hz), 146.24, 132.78, 131.07, 124.76, 121.53, 120.11 (q, J = 256.5 Hz), 117.83. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H6F3N3O [M+H]+ 230.0536, found 230.0535. Synthesis of 1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4- triazole (CPD-045): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (34 mg, 0.21 mmol) was substituted with RS-231 (50 mg, 0.22 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (71 mg, 0.22 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (3:7) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-045 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 75% yield (55 mg). Mp: 134-136°C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.57 – 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -57.77.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -57.77. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 163.41, 149.92 – 149.74 (m), 148.55, 139.45, 134.67, 131.60, 130.51, 125.30, 123.41, 122.88, 120.64 (q, J = 257.8 Hz), 119.54, 33.52. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H9F3N6O3 [M+H]+ 355.0761, found 355.0757. LV. Synthesis of CPD-046 FR-196 Compound CPD-046 was synthesized starting from amide A.11. First a N,N- dimethylformimidamide intermediate was formed starting upon treatment of DMF-DMA. Acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielded NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-204 in 95% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-204 resulting in CPD-046 in 54% yield. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (RS-204): 3,5-Dichlorobenzamide A.11 (100 mg, 0.53 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (124 µL, 0.98 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 0.48 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (20 µL, 0.64 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-204 as an off-white solid in 95% yield (107 mg). Mp: 168-170 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.38 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 134.65, 132.60, 128.39, 127.58, 126.30, 124.17. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H5Cl2N3 [M+H]+ 213.9933, found 213.9919. Synthesis of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD- 046): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (36 mg, 0.21 mmol) was substituted with RS-204 (50 mg, 0.23 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (76 mg, 0.23 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:4) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-046 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 54% yield (41 mg). Mp: 209-211 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.63, 150.19, 139.04, 136.04, 134.95, 132.77, 129.66, 124.75, 123.32, 32.60. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C12H8Cl2N6O2 [M+H]+ 339.0159, found 339.0165. LVI. Synthesis of CPD-052 Compound CPD-052 was synthesized starting from carboxylic acid A.12 which was converted in situ to the acid chloride followed by conversion to amide RS-217 in 89% yield (2 steps). Next, amide RS-217 was transformed towards a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate upon treatment of DMF-DMA, followed by acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielding NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-218 in 95% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-218 resulting in CPD-052 in 78% yield. Synthesis of 3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (RS-217): In a 3-neck 100 mL round- bottomed flask, 3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid A.12 (2.5 g, 1 eq.) was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 mL, 10 Vol%), cooled to 0° C and DMF (0.2 mL, cat.) was added. Next, oxalyl chloride was added drop wise over 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1-2 h. Reaction completion was monitored on TLC. Reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 3.0 g of crude 3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride, which was immediately used for next step. 3-Bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (3.0 g, 1.0 eq.) was dissolved in THF (30 mL, 10 V%) at 0° C. Ammonia gas was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1-2 h at 0° C. The progress of the reaction was followed by TLC analysis on silica gel. Reaction mixture was quenched into the ice-water slurry (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The organic layer was washed with brine solution (100 mL) drying over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude compound which after column chromatography afforded compound RS-217 as a white solid in 89% yield (2.5 g). Mp: 156 - 157 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.38 – 8.34 (m, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.22 – 8.18 (m, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 164.84, 137.18, 134.34, 131.07 (q, J = 32.9 Hz), 130.58 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 123.33 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 122.98 (q, J = 273.1 Hz), 122.48. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H5BrF3NO [M+H]+ 267.9580, found 267.9594. Synthesis of 3-(3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (RS-218): 3-Bromo-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide RS-217 (250 mg, 0.93 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (219 µL, 1.74 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.2 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (35 µL, 1.13 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-218 as an off- white solid in 95% yield (260 mg). Mp: 189-191 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.46 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.06 – 8.01 (m, 1H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 157.40, 146.20, 133.78, 132.08, 131.59 (q, J = 32.7 Hz), 128.29 (q, J = 3.8, 3.3 Hz), 123.02 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 122.93, 121.07 (q, J = 3.9 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H5BrF3N3 [M+H]+ 291.9692, found 291.9689. Synthesis of 3-(3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-052): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (55 mg, 0.34 mmol) was substituted with RS-218 (100 mg, 0.34 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (121 mg, 0.37 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.20 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (15:75) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-052 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 78% yield (111 mg). Mp: 221-223 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.27 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.53.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.53. 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 160.47, 150.32, 139.11, 136.06, 132.68, 132.53, 131.78 (q, J = 32.9 Hz), 129.68 – 129.36 (m), 123.26, 123.20, 122.91 (q, J = 273.3 Hz), 121.78 – 121.58 (m), 32.59. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H8Br1F3N6O2 [M+H]+ 416.9917, found 416.9916. LVII. Synthesis of CPD-063 Compound CPD-063 was prepared starting from A.1. The carboxylic acid was first converted towards methylester FR-125 in 84% yield. In the next step, FR-125 was alkylated with methyl iodide A.13 towards FR-290 in 93% yield. Afterwards, FR-290 was converted towards amide FR- 294 in 87% yield. Subsequent, FR-294 was transformed towards triazole FR-300 in 90% yield. In the last step, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with FR-300 resulting in CPD-063 in yield of 97%. Synthesis of methyl 3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (FR-290): Methyl 3-hydroxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoate FR-125 (300 mg, 1.36 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.12 mL, 2.04 mmol) and K2CO3 (753 mg, 5.45 mmol) in 5 ml dry DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. EtOAc was added and the organic layer was washed with water (2x) and brine (1x). Next, the organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent affording FR-290 as an off-white liquid in 93% yield (297 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.86 – 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.69 – 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.28 – 7.26 (m, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.86 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.01.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.01.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 165.76, 159.98, 132.46, 132.19 (q, J = 33.0 Hz), 123.60 (q, J = 272.5 Hz), 118.59 (q, J = 3.9 Hz), 117.69, 115.83 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 55.82, 52.57. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C10H9F3O3 [M+H]+ 235.0576, found 235.0576. Synthesis of 3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (FR-294): Methyl 3-butoxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoate FR-290 (214 mg, 0.92 mmol) was solved in 5 mL 7N NH3 in MeOH solution and refluxed at 60 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was washed with pentane, the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-294 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 87% yield (175 mg). Mp: 175-176 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 7.77 – 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.68 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) -64.26.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) -64.26.13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 170.32, 161.67, 137.62, 133.10 (q, J = 32.7 Hz), 125.15 (q, J = 271.7 Hz), 117.58 – 117.56 (m), 117.41 (q, J = 3.9 Hz), 115.16 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 56.41. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H8F3N1O2 [M+H]+ 220.0580, found 220.0576. Synthesis of 3-(3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-300): 3-Methoxy-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide FR-294 (142 mg, 0.65 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (0.86 mL, 6.41 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 0.80 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.04 mL, 0.79 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-300 as an off- white solid in 90% yield (142 mg). Mp: 157-159 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) -64.33.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) -64.33.13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 161.80, 160.13, 147.03, 133.50, 133.41 (q, J = 32.5 Hz), 125.23 (q, J = 271.7 Hz), 116.05 (q, J = 4.0 Hz), 115.92 – 115.67 (m), 113.22 – 112.89 (m), 56.25. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C10H8F3N3O1 [M+H]+ 244.0692, found 244.0692. Synthesis of 3-(3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-063): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (63 mg, 0.39 mmol) was substituted with FR-305 (100 mg, 0.41 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (153 mg, 0.47 mmol) as base in dry acetonitrile (1.20 mL) at 50 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (45:55) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-063 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 97% yield (140 mg). Mp: 163-165 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.87.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 163.37, 160.34, 148.54, 139.43, 134.72, 132.67 (q, J = 32.8 Hz), 131.67, 123.79 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 123.34, 115.99 (q, J = 3.9 Hz), 115.27, 113.22 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 55.94, 33.53. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C14H11F3N6O3 [M+H]+ 369.0917, found 369.0918. LVIII. Synthesis of CPD-064 Compound CPD-064 was prepared starting from A.1. The carboxylic acid was first converted towards methylester FR-125 in 84% yield. In the next step, FR-125 was alkylated with 1-bromo- 2-methoxyethane A.14 towards FR-275 in 77% yield. Afterwards, FR-275 was converted towards amide FR-282 in 74% yield. Subsequent, FR-282 was transformed towards triazole FR-301 in 43% yield. In the last step, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with FR-301 resulting in CPD-064 in yield of 80%. Synthesis of methyl 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (FR-275): Methyl 3- hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate FR-125 (300 mg, 1.36 mmol) was mixed with 1-bromo-2- methoxyethane A.14 (0.38 mL, 4.08 mmol) and K2CO3 (753 mg, 5.45 mmol) in 26 ml dry DMF. The reaction was stirred at 70 °C for 20 h. EtOAc was added and the organic layer was washed with water (2x) and brine (1x). Next, the organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified via column chromatography using EtOAc/PE (3:7) as the eluent affording FR-275 as an off-white liquid in 77% yield (292 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.19 – 4.12 (m, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.75 – 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -63.02.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 165.58, 159.13, 132.38, 132.08 (q, J = 33.0 Hz), 123.50 (q, J = 272.6 Hz), 118.71 (q, J = 4.0 Hz), 118.15, 116.52 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 70.69, 68.01, 59.17, 52.47. Synthesis of 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (FR-282): Methyl 3-(2- methoxyethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate FR-275 (274 mg, 0.98 mmol) was solved in 5 mL 7N NH3 in MeOH solution and refluxed at 60 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was washed with pentane, the solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-282 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 74% yield (203 mg). Mp: 90-92 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 6.24 (d, J = 53.7 Hz, 2H), 4.23 – 4.15 (m, 2H), 3.80 – 3.73 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.84. 19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.84. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 168.04, 159.39, 135.81, 132.38 (q, J = 33.0 Hz), 123.55 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 116.87, 116.37 (q, J = 3.9 Hz), 115.45 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 70.82, 68.09, 59.37. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C11H12F3N1O3 [M+H]+ 264.0842, found 264.0835. Synthesis of 3-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-301): 3-(2- Methoxyethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide FR-282 (158 mg, 0.60 mmol) was mixed with DMF- DMA (0.79 mL, 5.91 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 0.74 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.04 mL, 0.73 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR- 301 as an off-white oil in 43% yield (74 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 4.30 – 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.84 – 3.73 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) -64.37.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) -64.37. 13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 161.06, 150.55, 147.16, 133.79, 133.50 (q, J = 32.9 Hz), 125.24 (q, J = 271.7 Hz), 116.50, 116.30 (q, J = 3.9 Hz), 113.96 – 113.43 (m), 71.96, 69.09, 59.28. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C12H12F3N3O2 [M+H]+ 288.0954, found 288.0964. Synthesis of 3-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol- 5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CPD-064): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (17 mg, 0.10 mmol) was substituted with FR-301 (33 mg, 0.11 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (42 mg, 0.13 mmol) as base in dry acetonitrile (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 24 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was resolved in DCM. The mixture was filtrated and extensively washed with DCM. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (2:3) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-064 stayed behind as a light yellow semi- solid in 80% yield (36 mg). Mp: 34-35 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 4.28 – 4.22 (m, 2H), 3.83 – 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.48 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.90.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.90. 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 163.34, 159.52, 148.54, 139.40, 134.70, 132.68 (q, J = 32.6 Hz), 131.66, 123.76 (q, J = 272.5 Hz), 123.34, 116.25 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 115.88 – 115.70 (m), 114.02 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 70.90, 68.07, 59.43, 33.56. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C16H15F3N6O4 [M+H]+ 413.1180, found 413.1173. LIX. Synthesis of CPD-065 + CPD-066 Compounds CPD-065 and CPD-066 were prepared starting from methylation of pyrazole A.15 yielding two different regioisomers FR-291-1 and FR-291-2 in 37% and 54%, respectively. The esters in FR-291-1 and FR-291-2 were individually converted to the corresponding amides FR- 295 and FR-296 in 72% and 51% yield, respectively. Subsequent, amides FR-295 and FR-296 were transformed towards triazoles FR-303 and FR-304 in 58% and 40% yield, respectively. In a last step, triazoles FR-303 and FR-304 were used in a SNAr on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 resulting in CPD-065 and CPD-066 in a yield of 96% and 78%, respectively. Synthesis of methyl 3-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (FR-291-1) and methyl 5- isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (FR-291-2): 3-Isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid A.15 (500 mg, 3.24 mmol) was mixed with methyl iodide (0.44 mL, 7.13 mmol) and K2CO3 (1121 mg, 8.11 mmol) in 5 ml dry DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. EtOAc was added and the organic layer was washed with water (2x) and brine (1x). Next, the organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The two regioisomeric products were obtained after column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (1:4) as eluent yielding FR-291-1 as yellow oil in 37% yield (218 mg) and FR-291-2 as yellow oil in 54% yield (319 mg). Methyl 3-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (FR-291-1): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 6.56 (s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.88 (hept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.17 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 7H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 160.35, 157.53, 132.29, 107.59, 51.64, 39.03, 27.58, 22.70. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H14N2O2 [M+H]+ 183.1128, found 181.0973. Methyl 5-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (FR-291-2): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 6.30 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.69 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 0.98 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 7H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.32, 150.36, 141.17, 104.35, 51.13, 36.36, 24.86, 21.53. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H14N2O2 [M+H]+ 183.1128, found 181.0973. Synthesis of 3-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (FR-295): Methyl 3-isopropyl-1- methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate FR-291-1 (210 mg, 1.15 mmol) was solved in 5 mL 7N NH3 in MeOH solution and refluxed at 60 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (1:4) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-295 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 72% yield (155 mg). Mp: 150-151 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 2.91 (hept, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.23 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 164.09, 158.73, 136.87, 105.50, 38.92, 28.77, 23.17. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H13N3O1 [M+H]+ 168.1131, found 168.1133. Synthesis of 5-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (FR-296): Methyl 5-isopropyl-1- methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate FR-291-2 (301 mg, 1.65 mmol) was solved in 10 mL 7N NH3 in MeOH solution and refluxed at 60 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (1:9) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product FR-296 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 51% yield (150 mg). Mp: 157-159 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.02 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD) δ (ppm) 167.02, 152.81, 145.45, 103.50, 36.95, 26.48, 22.50. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H13N3O1 [M+H]+ 168.1131, found 168.1133. Synthesis of 3-(3-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-303): 3-Isopropyl-1- methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide FR-295 (139 mg, 0.83 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (1.09 mL, 8.20 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.03 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.05 mL, 1.07 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-303 as an off-white solid in 58% yield (92 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.28 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 2.88 (hept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.21 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 154.55 (d, J = 432.8 Hz), 152.39, 145.83, 133.61, 102.85, 38.48, 27.09, 22.68. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H13N5 [M+H]+ 192.1244, found.192.1251. Synthesis of 3-(5-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-304): 5-Isopropyl-1- methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide FR-296 (140 mg, 0.84 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (1.10 mL, 8.27 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.03 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.05 mL, 1.07 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated NaHCO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-304 as an off-white solid in 40% yield (65 mg). Mp: 153-155 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.16 (br. s, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.11 – 2.99 (m, 1H), 1.23 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 5H).13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 162.24, 150.73, 150.42, 104.55, 100.95, 36.77, 24.59, 21.93. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H13N5 [M+H]+ 192.1244, found.192.1251. Synthesis of 3-(3-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-065): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (48 mg, 0.30 mmol) was substituted with FR-303 (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (117 mg, 0.36 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/isohexane (1:1) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained oil was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-065 stayed behind as a yellow oil in 96% yield (91 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 4.20 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.00 (hept, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.28 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.67, 157.44, 147.98, 139.38, 134.73, 132.88, 123.25, 104.88, 39.28, 33.50, 27.82, 22.99. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H16N8O2 [M+H]+ 317.1469, found 317.1463. Synthesis of 3-(5-isopropyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-066): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (31 mg, 0.19 mmol) was substituted with FR-304 (39 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (76 mg, 0.23 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/MeOH (5:95) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained oil was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the pure product CPD-066 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 78% yield (48 mg). Mp: 210-212 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.98 (hept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.29 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H).13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 160.33, 151.09, 148.08, 141.07, 139.43, 134.51, 123.53, 102.08, 36.73, 33.39, 25.66, 22.31. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H16N8O2 [M+H]+ 317.1469, found 317.1469. LX. Synthesis of CPD-068 Compound CPD-068 was prepared starting from A.16. The carboxylic acid was first converted towards a methylester intermediate which was directly converted to amide FR-366 in 83% yield over the two steps. Next, FR-366 was transformed to triazole FR-381 in 72% yield. In the last step, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with FR-381 resulting in CPD-068 in yield of 78%. Synthesis of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (FR-366): An oven-dried reaction tube was charged with 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid A.16 (500 mg, 2.27 mmol) and 7 mL dry MeOH. H2SO4 (0.03 mL, 0.45 mmol) was added and the reaction was refluxed at 65 °C for 18 h. Next, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and 8 mL of 7N NH3 in MeOH was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 60 °C for 18 h followed by cooling to room temperature and concentration in vacuo. The pure product FR-366 was obtained as an off-white solid in 83% yield (414 mg). Mp: 260-263 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.31 (br. s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.77 (br. s, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.32.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.32.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 164.92, 137.16, 134.36, 131.45, 130.97 (q, J = 32.8 Hz), 127.85 (q, J = 3.4 Hz), 123.11 (q, J = 272.9 Hz), 122.95 (q, J = 3.7 Hz). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C8H5ClF3NO [M+H]+ 224.0084, found 224.0083. Synthesis of 3-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (FR-381): 3-Chloro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide FR-366 (300 mg, 1.34 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (1.77 mL, 13.24 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.66 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (0.08 mL, 1.62 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound FR-381 as an off- white solid in 72% yield (238 mg). Mp: 166-167 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.60.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -61.60.13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 157.55, 146.19, 134.76, 133.78, 131.48 (q, J = 32.6 Hz), 129.14, 125.62 – 125.05 (m), 123.15 (q, J = 273.0 Hz), 121.00 – 120.33 (m). HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C9H5ClF3N3 [M+H]+ 248.0197, found 248.0193. Synthesis of 3-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H- 1,2,4-triazole (CPD-068): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (60 mg, 0.37 mmol) was substituted with FR-381 (97 mg, 0.39 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (145 mg, 0.45 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (1.20 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/CHCl3 (1:4) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation. The remaining solid was washed Et2O and the solvent was removed via decantation. The pure product CPD-068 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 50% yield (69 mg). Mp: 203-204 °C.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.96.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) -62.96.13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 162.35, 148.79, 139.52, 135.82, 134.78, 133.05 (q, J = 33.5 Hz), 132.13, 130.22, 127.26 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 123.17 (q, J = 270.3 Hz), 123.12, 122.05 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 33.56. HRMS (ESI+) m/z calcd for C13H8ClF3N6O2 [M+H]+ 373.0422, found 373.0428. LXI. Synthesis of CPD-073 Compound CPD-073 was synthesized starting from carboxylic acid A.17 which was converted to amide RS-229 in 94% yield. Next, amide RS-229 was transformed towards a N,N-dimethylformimidamide intermediate upon treatment of DMF-DMA, followed by acidification and treatment with hydrazine hydrate yielding NH-1,2,4-triazole RS-232 in 53% yield. Next, a SNAr was performed on chloro-nitroimidazole 3 with triazole RS-232 resulting in CPD-073 in 61% yield. Synthesis of 5-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinamide (RS-229): To a solution of 5- (trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid (382 mg, 2.0 mmol), HATU (836 mg, 2.2 mmol) and Et3N (836 µL, 6.0 mmol, in DMF (2.0 mL) was added NH3 in water (25%~28%, 1.0 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was purified by column chromatography to give 5-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide RS-229 as a white solid (359 mg, 94%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.31 – 9.29 (m, 1H), 9.18 – 9.08 (m, 1H), 8.58 – 8.56 (m, 1H), 8.38 (br. s, 1H), 7.85 (br. s, 1H). Synthesis of 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (RS-232): 5- (Trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide (250 mg, 1.31 mmol) was mixed with DMF-DMA (309 µL, 2.46 mmol) and heated to 120 °C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the remaining solids were dissolved in 1.2 mL HOAc. Next, hydrazine hydrate (50 µL, 1.60 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, carefully poured in a saturated Na2CO3-solution, extracted 3 x with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4 and filtered. Concentration in vacuo afforded the compound RS-232 as an off- white solid in 53% yield (150 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 14.51 (br. s, 1H), 9.47 – 9.44 (m, 1H), 9.06 – 9.01 (m, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.61 – 8.55 (m, 1H). Synthesis of 3-(1-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine (CPD-073): 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole 3 (17 mg, 0.10 mmol) was substituted with RS-232 (22 mg, 0.101 mmol) according to general procedure A with Cs2CO3 (38 mg, 0.12 mmol) as base in dry DMSO (0.65 mL) at 50 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography with EtOAc/PE (3:2) as the eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the obtained solid was washed with n-pentane and sonicated. The solvent was removed via decantation and the product was dried in vacuo. The pure product CPD-073 stayed behind as an off-white solid in 61% yield (20 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 9.54 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 9.31 (s, 1H), 9.15 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.72 – 8.64 (m, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H).19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -61.14.19F CPD NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -61.14. 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 160.16, 151.43, 150.85, 147.99 (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 139.08 (q, J = 98.7 Hz), 136.58, 131.27 – 131.02 (m), 126.25, 125.92, 123.84 (q, J = 272.8 Hz), 123.73, 33.08.

Claims

Claims 1. A compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, wherein, each dotted line represents an optional double bond whereby at least 2 non-adjacent dotted lines form a double bond; n is an integer selected from 0, or 1; q is an integer selected from 1, or 2; each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, C, N, and NR2; A2 is selected from the group consisting of CR3, C, and N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, and NR5; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, N, and NR7; wherein at least two of A1 to A4 is N, NR2, NR5, or NR7; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, -S(O)CH3, C3-12cycloalkyl, and C5-12cycloalkenyl; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-12cycloalkyl, or C5-12cycloalkenyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z2; L1 is a bond, or -CO-; L2 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, S, , O, -CO-, -SO2-, and C1-6alkylene; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, -NR11R12, -CO2R10, -C(O)N R11R12, -C(O)R10, -SO2NR11R12, nitro, -NR13C(O)R10, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each R8 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R11 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each R13 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, and heteroarylC1-6alkyl; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, -NR11R12, C=O, -C(O)R10, -C(O)NR11R12, -SO2NR11R12, -OR9, C3-12cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C3-12cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl;
or compound or or a solvate, hydrate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or prodrug thereof; with the proviso that when n is 1, q is 1, A1 is C and A2, A3 and A4 are N, then Z1 is not nitro, - CO2CH3 or CO2CH2CH3; and with the proviso that said compound is not 2. The compound according to claim 1, having structural formula (IA) wherein A1, A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in claim 1. 3. The compound according to claim 1, having structural formula (IB) wherein A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in claim 1. 4. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, having structural formula (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH) or (IJ), wherein L1, L2, B1, and B2 have the same meaning as that defined in claim 1. 5. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, each A1 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR1, N, or S; A2 is selected from the group consisting of C, or N; A3 is selected from the group consisting of CR4, C, N, and NR5; each A4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CR6, C, or N; B1 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, and or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl; wherein said C6-12aryl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, or or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z1; B2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, and -S(O)CH3; wherein said heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three Z2; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl; R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -SR8, -OR9, -S(O)2R10, -S(O)R10, halo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, C3-8cycloalkyl, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and C6-12arylC1-6alkyl; Ra is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z3; Rb is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12arylC3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z4; Rc is selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, halo, heteroaryl, hydrogen, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, C6-12aryl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more Z5; each Z1 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z2 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, C=O, --C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z3 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z4 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; each Z5 is independently selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, cyanoC1-6alkyl, nitroC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, amino, , C=O, -CO2R10, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)R10, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC1-6alkyl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, C6-12arylC1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylC1-6alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC1-6alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 6. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, L2 is a single bond. 7. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, L1 is a single bond. 8. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each Z2 is selected from the group consisting of nitro, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, halo, C6-12aryl, cyano, amino, -CO2R10,-C(O)R10, -OR9, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl; wherein said C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C6-12aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group comprising haloC1-6alkyl, cyanoC1-6alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl. 9. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein B2 is selected from the group consisting of C6-12aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, and 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 11. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, for use as a medicament. 12. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, for use in the prevention or treatment of a disorder treatable with an exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor. 13. The compound or pharmaceutical composition for use according to claim 12, wherein the disorder associated with XPO1 activity is selected from the group consisting of a proliferative disorder, cancer, an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a viral infection, an ophthalmological disorder, a neurodegenerative disorder, a disorder of abnormal tissue growth, a disorder related to food intake, an allergy, a respiratory disorder, dermatologic syndromes, sun damage, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, wounds, and spinal cord injuries.
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