EP4663954A1

EP4663954A1 - Drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or turbine

Info

Publication number: EP4663954A1
Application number: EP25460018.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jaroslaw Wisniewski
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2024-06-13
Filing date: 2025-05-12
Publication date: 2025-12-17

Abstract

The drive unit of the double-contained pipe system stream splitters is characterised in that the motor housing with a drive shaft extending bilaterally is tightly mounted in the axis of the two connected stream splitters; wherein fan impellers with blades of a shape known in the state of the art are mounted on a shared motor shaft on both sides of the connected stream splitters; wherein the blades redirect two separate streams crosswise between the inner pipe on one side of the splitters and the casing pipe on the other side and simultaneously between the casing pipe on the other side and the inner pipe. Advantageously, on the rims (23) of the stream splitter (1) adjacent to the inner ducts and the walls of the accumulation exchanger (16) dividing them, connected by a double-contained pipe system to the drive unit (17), there is an accumulation exchanger (16) with inner flow ducts divided into flow sections (22) for two separate medium streams; on both sides of the connected stream splitters (1), i.e. on opposite sides relative to the drive unit (17), in a double contained pipe system, there are accumulation exchangers (16) with inner flow ducts separated as sections, correspondingly one stream splitter (1) on each side of the accumulation exchanger (16). Advantageously, fan impellers (2) are mounted on opposite sides of the shared shaft (27), while partitions (24) are placed between the stream splitters (1), dividing the structure into ducts running longitudinally and radially relative to the longitudinal axis, into separate sections (25) for co-current or counter-current flow; whereby duct shutters (26), advantageously adjustable, are placed between the partitions (24), the said duct shutters (26) being connected to the partitions (24) by means of fastenings known in the state of the art. The duct shutters (26) direct the streams alternately to one fan and the opposite fan in the case of counter-current flows - on the side forming the end of the double-contained pipe system.

Description

The subject of the additional invention is a new and innovative drive unit for stream splitters of a double-contained pipe system with accumulation and duct heat exchangers and/or hybrid heat exchangers and/or a turbine, intended for use in households, industry, municipal services and other areas related to fluid thermodynamics.
Various types of heat exchangers, stream splitters and turbines are known.
From invention No. EP4160002 , a turbine is known which consists of concentric bladed rings surrounding an accumulation chamber. Each bladed ring has an inner and an outer rim, whereby the inner opening is limited by the inner rim. The turbine comprises an impeller placed at the end of the accumulation chamber.
From the description of invention No. P.448824, a drive unit for stream splitters of a double-contained pipe system is known, which comprises a tightly sealed motor body, placed in the axis of two connected stream splitters, with a drive shaft extending bilaterally; wherein fan impellers with blades of a shape known in the state of the art are mounted on a shared motor shaft on both sides of the connected stream splitters.
From the description of invention No. P 444747, a stream splitter for double-contained pipe systems is known, which has alternating plugs and duct openings inside and outside relative to the inner pipe, the number and shape of which correspond to the number and shape of the heat exchanger ducts. The inlet and outlet of each duct are redirected to the outside and inside of the inner pipe; whereby the displacement of one of the two stream splitters by one duct causes the same duct to be open on one side in the outer part and simultaneously plugged in the inner part of the inner pipe, while on the other end, it is open in the inner part and simultaneously plugged in the outer part of the inner pipe.
A stream splitter is known which can be switched from the A-A (aligned) position to the A-B (with a displacement) position; it enables the streams to be switched crosswise from the inner pipe to the casing pipe and from the casing pipe to the inner pipe (in the 'with a displacement' position) or without redirection (in the 'aligned' position).
Motors with a through shaft extending on opposite sides of the motor are known, as well as motors capable of acting as generators (e.g. alternators). Double shaft and dual shaft motors are known, in which the fan impellers mounted at the end of the shaft are of a centrifugal design, which means that they occupy a large space and are not suitable for double-contained pipe systems or similar systems (triple, etc.).
In known devices based on a double-contained pipe system or similar systems (e.g. in-wall air recuperation heat exchangers), it is problematic to place the fans responsible for the airflow in the heat exchanger ducts on opposite sides of the exchanger. These fans, separated by the exchanger as a result of their separate location (relating to radically different temperatures) and heat transfer through the exchanger, operate under different enthalpy conditions. As a result of these differences, the balancing of fan flows is subject to a variable resulting from the delta of external temperatures (in the case of heat exchangers, these are air recuperation temperatures subject to constant change with changes in ambient parameters). Despite operating at a fixed rotational speed, the fans do not ensure the planned flow balancing, as they operate at extremely different temperature parameters and, in addition, the volume of the medium flowing through the exchanger becomes modified as a result of the phenomenon of temperature expansion of the medium occurring inside the heat exchanger.
In the known state of the art, accumulation exchangers (regenerators, regenerative or reversible exchangers) are equipped with heat-accumulating inserts, for example, ceramic ones. Unlike duct/tube exchangers, accumulation exchangers accumulate heat energy before transferring it to the medium (by storing and then releasing this energy). Most commonly, the design of regenerative exchangers is adapted to cooperate with reverse fans known in the state of the art, which drive a bidirectional flow of the medium through the exchangers (for example, operating in an alternating fresh air supply and air exhaust cycle), whereas the accumulation and release of heat energy by these exchangers are achieved by controlling the reverse flow of the medium.
The solution according to the invention, by placing the fans on one side of the heat exchanger, generates similar working environment parameters for both fans, which significantly mitigates these disadvantages and facilitates control over the achievement of the planned balanced overpressure or underpressure.
The use of the solution according to the invention also facilitates control of the level of noise pollution emitted by the fans, as it allows these fans to be located close to each other, thereby facilitating the reduction of noise pollution.
Furthermore, the use of two fans located close to each other, usually of the same design and capacity, responsible for two different flow streams, but operating in reverse mode and with impeller blade geometry being a 'mirror image' results in a reduction of certain noise emissions with the opposite frequency and characteristics and from opposite directions; the phenomenon is known as 'active noise cancelling' with regard to the amplitude and opposite phase of the sound waves emitted by the motors and fan impellers. Additionally, the solution according to the invention enables the elimination of one of the two motors responsible for the transfer of flows in any direction, i.e. co-currently or counter-currently, including, for instance, through a heat exchanger, by using a single motor with a through shaft driving two impellers with fan blades located on opposite sides of the motor and mounted on a shared shaft. The same direction and rotational speed of the shaft set two different fan impellers responsible for two independent flows into rotary motion.
In the solution according to the invention, a generator can be used instead of a fan electrical generator, thus converting the mechanical energy of the rotary motion of one or two fan impellers into electrical energy.
As a result, this solution will contribute to a reduction in electricity consumption and the production of electronic waste.
The stream splitter drive unit enables a smooth flow of streams with no significant loss of compression in two independent streams of a double-contained pipe system, depending on the geometry of the impeller blades known in the state of the art, either co-currently or counter-currently.
The drive unit of the stream splitters allows both fans to be placed on one side of the heat exchanger or other device/system with two independent streams, ensuring greater pressure tolerance of the system to fluctuations in ambient temperature, thus reducing the negative effects of ambient temperature differences on opposite sides of the system on flow and pressure balancing.
The stream splitter drive unit enables both fans to be placed close to each other, which allows for greater control and ease of soundproofing (the reduction of noise emissions through the use of sound-absorbing materials and the fragmentation or neutralisation of pressure waves), thereby facilitating the effective use of space and vibration damping.
The stream splitter drive unit enables the use of spontaneous noise cancelling against the amplitude and reverse phase of sound waves emitted by motors and fan impellers by using a symmetrical layout of two fan pressure centres in an inverted position with mirror-image impeller geometry.
In case the drive unit is connected to a heat exchanger operating two different streams flowing co-currently, counter-currently, cross-currently or in any other manner known in the state of the art, the stream splitter drive unit allows the reduction of two electric fan motors to only one by using a shared drive shaft passing through the motor and two impellers mounted at opposite ends of this shaft, which results in a reduction in electricity consumption and a reduction in the production of electronic waste. A disadvantage of existing reversible heat exchangers is that they disrupt pressure and flow balances in the facilities where they are used for recuperation. In order to balance the pressures, sets consisting of two independently mounted reversible exchangers and a synchroniser, or double constructions containing two independently operating devices (with two accumulator inserts and two drives with reversible impellers) in one housing are used. Additionally, a known feature of accumulation exchangers is the ability to set the frequency of bidirectional flow reversal cycles so that the exchanger remains within the above-zero temperature range while accumulating and releasing heat, which prevents adverse frosting and freezing. This feature is not found in duct heat exchangers known in the state of the art (or those with a design ensuring higher efficiency), which operate on a different logic of heat transfer (without accumulation) and in unilateral medium flows. This means that duct exchangers require additional heating systems (anti-freezing), which are energy-intensive and generate electronic waste.
Due to the fact that accumulation exchangers are characterised by reverse (bidirectional) flows, while duct exchangers have unidirectional flows, the state of the art does not provide for combining these two designs, even though such a combination could eliminate the use of electronic anti-freezing systems.
In the known in the state of the art, the stream redirection mechanism in A-A (aligned) and A-B (with a displacement) systems results from the position of the two stream splitters relative to the rim, which is obtained in two positions. The disadvantage of this design lies in the fact that the stream splitters can only be switched to the A-A or A-B position by moving the splitters in two directions relative to each other, i.e. switching between the A-A and A-B positions of the splitters by rotating them in one direction and then returning to the previous position by rotating them in the opposite direction. This known state of the art causes inconveniences consisting in the inability to switch between positions A-A and A-B by performing a rotary motion in one direction, either clockwise or counterclockwise. The solution according to the invention overcomes these inconveniences.
The solution according to the invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by combining accumulation exchangers with lateral (extreme with respect to the exchanger) stream splitters fixed to them permanently or in a manner that enables switching between sections of inner ducts of accumulation exchangers responsible for the simultaneous flow of two independent streams. In addition, the solution according to the invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior state of the art by using a previously unknown hybrid design of various exchangers (as a combination of at least one accumulation exchanger operating in a reverse flow mode with at least one duct/tube exchanger operating in a unidirectional flow mode, connected by a double contained pipe system with unidirectional flows.
The solution according to the invention overcomes these disadvantages.
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a motor housing with a drive shaft extending bilaterally is tightly mounted in the axis of the two connected stream splitters; wherein fan impellers with blades of a shape known in the state of the art are mounted on a shared motor shaft on both sides of the connected stream splitters; whereby the blades redirect two independent streams crosswise between the inner pipe on one side of the splitters and the casing pipe on the other side and simultaneously between the casing pipe on the other side and the inner pipe. Advantageously, two independently controlled motors are tightly mounted in the axis of the two connected stream splitters, wherein the motors are arranged in a mirror image layout relative to each other and each has an independently controlled shaft directed outwards from the system and an independently controlled fan impeller of a shape known in the state of the art; wherein two independent fan impellers are placed inside the inner pipe and arranged in a mirror image layout relative to each other, wherein the impellers are independently controlled; wherein the drive unit of the double contained pipe system stream splitters is made of two independent stream splitters, which are connected to each other in a manner known in the state of the art, allowing free switching between A-A and A-B positions or permanently assembled in one of these positions; wherein one of the independent fan impellers is placed in the axis of the system inside the casing pipe, while the other independent fan impeller is placed in the axis of the system inside the inner pipe; while the independent fan impellers are placed inside the inner pipe of the double contained pipe system and are arranged in a mirror image relative to each other, wherein the inner pipe placed in one drive unit also serves as a casing pipe for the second drive unit connected to this pipe.
Advantageously, it is placed on one side of the heat exchanger and connected to this exchanger in a manner known in the state of the art; whereby each of the fan impellers of the drive unit drives separate streams flowing through the heat exchanger. Advantageously, on the rims of the stream splitter adjacent to the inner ducts and the walls of the accumulation exchanger separating them and connected by a double-contained pipe system to the drive unit, an accumulation exchanger with inner flow ducts divided into flow sections for two independent medium streams is mounted. Advantageously, on both sides of the connected stream splitters, i.e. on opposite sides relative to the drive unit, in a double contained pipe system, accumulation exchangers with inner flow ducts separated into sections are placed, one stream splitter on each side of the accumulation exchanger; wherein two stream splitters mounted on opposite sides of each of the accumulation exchangers are equipped with any stream splitter switching mechanism known in the state of the art relative to the exchanger duct sections, advantageously a switching-sealing mechanism which is located in the axis of the system on the rotary shaft; wherein the drive unit is connected by a double contained pipe system to the drive unit; wherein a switching mechanism is advantageously located in the axis of the connected stream splitters and the accumulation exchanger; wherein the rotation of the switching mechanism causes the stream splitters to be displaced relative to each other by one section of the inner ducts of the accumulator exchanger and sealing of the stream splitters relative to each other; wherein the stream splitters are permanently connected to the accumulation exchanger in a version with a displacement or in an aligned version. Advantageously, fan impellers are mounted on opposite sides of the shared shaft, while partitions are placed between the stream splitters, dividing the structure into ducts running longitudinally and radially relative to the longitudinal axis, into separate sections for co-current or counter-current flow; wherein the solution according to the invention has duct shutters, advantageously adjustable, placed between the partitions, wherein the duct shutters are connected to the partitions by means of connections known in the state of the art; wherein the duct shutters alternately direct the streams to one fan and the opposite fan in the case of counter-current flows - on the side constituting the end of the double contained pipe system; wherein, in a variant, the duct shutters alternately direct the streams to one of the fans in the case of co-current flows; wherein the duct shutters are connected to partitions by means of connections known in the state of the art, the said shutters changing the angle of attack and flow relative to the flowing streams in accordance with the known state of the art, thereby changing the cross-section of the flow between the shutters; wherein the duct shutters are arranged outside the stream splitters or on one side of the stream splitter on the side constituting the end of the double contained pipe system or between the stream splitters. In a variant, the drive unit is made up of two independent stream splitters which are connected to each other in a manner known in the state of the art, wherein it is closed on one side and has a system for returning the streams from the casing pipe to the inside or vice versa.
In the solution according to the invention, fan impellers mounted on a shared through shaft of a single motor or generator, or on two independent shafts of two motors or generators inverted and mounted tightly in the longitudinal axis of the system, are installed on both sides of the connected stream splitters of the double contained pipe system.
The switching and sealing mechanism of the additional invention operates on the basis of three basic phases of stream splitter motion, i.e. unsealing - switching (stream splitter position) - sealing, and it can be implemented using solutions known in the state of the art, such as a cam mechanism with clamping/pull, magnetic, electromagnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, gear, slide, sliding, spiral mechanisms, with the use of dynamic seals, etc.
Advantageously, the solution according to the invention consists of a hybrid system connected by a double-contained pipe system, comprising of at least two heat exchangers of different designs, i.e. at least one accumulation exchanger and at least one duct exchanger, in which the flows of two independent streams occur in a unidirectional, counter-currently or co-currently.
Advantageously, the drive unit ensuring unidirectional flows of two independent streams is connected by a double-contained pipe system to an accumulation exchanger located in the place most exposed to frost and freezing of the recuperation system, equipped with switchable stream splitters and a switching-sealing or tightening mechanism known in the state of the art, ensuring the expected leak tightness in the set position and with a stream switching frequency ensuring that the accumulation exchanger and the streams flowing through it are maintained in a positive temperature range, thus protecting the entire recuperation system against frost and freezing.
In a variant, the stream splitters of the drive unit are switched from an A-A layout (from the casing pipe to the casing pipe) to an A-B layout (from the casing pipe to the inner pipe and from the inner pipe to the casing pipe).
In a variant of the invention, the partitions dividing the flow ducts and the duct shutters are located outside the stream splitters unilaterally or bilaterally, directing the streams to the fan impeller.
In its variant, the solution according to the invention features a shared shaft in the drive unit equipped with fan impellers at the end of the shaft, which can act as a turbine generating electricity. On opposite sides of the shaft, impellers with blade geometry appropriate for the expected co-current or counter-current flows for the flows of the casing pipe and the inner pipe of the double-contained pipe system or other coaxial/concentric pipe system are mounted. Between the stream splitters, partitions are placed to separate the stream flow ducts of the casing pipe and the inner pipe separated by the stream splitters. In the electricity-generating turbine mode, the invention uses the energy of the generator's surroundings so that the streams flowing into the duct shutters and the drive unit can be directed. The duct shutters direct the streams in accordance with the intended direction of flow in each section/flow duct. The streams then hit the impellers, which, in the drive operation mode, provide the dynamics and direction of flow, and in the turbine operation mode, generate electricity, acting on the turbines and their rotation, which translates into energy production. In a variant of the invention, the duct shutters are located both in front of and behind the stream splitters, or only on one side of the splitters. This allows the turbine to function as both an air intake and exhaust unit, as well as a supply and extract unit. At the location of the duct shutters, there is no casing pipe of the double-contained pipe system, which means that the duct shutters collect streams from the environment and direct them, depending on the shape of the shutters, towards one of the impellers or alternately towards both, in accordance with the direction of the streams transported through the casing pipe.
Duct shutters open to ambient air streams can act as air intakes or exhausts, acting on one of the impellers on a shared drive shaft, or as a drive of one of the impellers and the rotary motion of the shaft, while the other impeller forces the flow of separated air streams. In the case of exhausts, the air flows flowing in from the environment through the duct shutters are directed in accordance with the flow direction of the discharged streams, increasing the impact force of the combined discharged streams on the turbine. The duct shutters remain fixed in a manner known in the state of the art so that the inlet of the streams inflowing between them from the environment remains open (wider) and then, together with the flow direction of the streams, the cross-section between the shutters is progressively narrowed and the streams are redirected towards one of the impellers. This design uses changes in the flow cross-section in the space between the duct shutters to accelerate the streams and direct them in the desired manner, closing the remaining streams as capable of being transported in the area of the casing pipe of the concentric pipeline. Duct shutters, advantageously adjustable shutters known in the state of the art, by changing their angle cause greater or lesser narrowing or widening of the flow cross-section, giving the expected modulated flow dynamics to the streams flowing in from the environment.
The duct shutters are connected to the partitions by means of fastenings known in the state of the art in such a way as to allow the angle of attack and flow of the shutters to be changed relative to the incoming streams and the cross-section of the stream flow between the shutters to be changed, enabling modulation of the direction and velocity of the streams.
The partitions between the duct shutters are advantageously profiled at their edge on the side of the longitudinal axis of the system in a divergent manner, widening together with the duct shutters located between the partitions towards the impeller to which the streams are redirected, thus forming a flared shape in the cross-section on the guide impeller. The angle of this flaring depends on the parameters of the transported fluids, including their compressibility, density, viscosity and flow dynamics.
The solution according to the invention is presented in examples of implementation that do not limit the invention and in the attached drawings, Fig. 1 - 15, where:

Fig. 1 shows a twin motor, twin impeller drive unit with a flow diagram
Fig. 2 shows a single motor (with a through shaft), twin impeller drive unit with a flow diagram
Fig. 3 shows a heat exchanger with a drive unit
Fig. 4 Diagrams of various drive unit designs:
- A. Single motor reversible twin impeller with permanently connected stream splitters;
- B. Single motor unidirectional, twin impeller with switchable stream splitters in with a displacement position (B.1) and aligned position (B.2);
- C. Single motor reversible single impeller with switchable stream splitters in with a displacement position (C.1) and aligned position (C.2);
- D. Twin motor reversible twin impeller with permanently coupled stream splitters in with a displacement position;
- E. Twin motor, twin impeller with switchable stream splitters in with a displacement (E.1) and aligned (E.2) position;
- F. Twin motor, twin impeller with switchable stream splitters in aligned position (F.1), with displacement (F.2) and one impeller covering the casing and inner pipe (F.3) closed on one side and open (F.4).
- G Combined - a combination of a larger and smaller drive unit with switchable stream splitters in aligned (G.1) and with a displacement (G.2) position, and in a narrowing/ widening combination (G.3).
Fig. 5A shows a disassembled accumulation exchanger unit with inner ducts and switchable stream splitters mounted at the extreme ends, equipped with a cam-pressure mechanism for the splitters and two motors with impellers driving two separate streams flowing through separate sections of the accumulation exchanger ducts.
Fig. 5B shows the assembled accumulation exchanger unit with inner ducts and switchable stream splitters mounted at the extreme ends and two impellers driving two separate streams flowing through the accumulation exchanger.
Fig. 6 shows an accumulation exchanger with separate inner duct sections and stream splitters permanently attached to the partitions of these ducts.
Fig. 7A shows an accumulation exchanger with hexagonal inner duct sections and a stream splitter with a rim adapted to the shape of the exchanger duct partitions at the point where they are divided into wedge-shaped sections, in a double-sided cross-sectional view.
Fig. 7B shows an accumulation exchanger with square-shaped inner duct sections and a stream splitter with a rim adapted to the shape of the exchanger duct partitions at the point where they are divided into wedge-shaped sections, in a double-sided cross-sectional view.
Fig. 8A shows a drive unit connected on one side to an accumulation exchanger and stream splitters permanently connected to the exchanger.
Fig. 8B shows a drive unit placed in the central part, connected on both sides to accumulation exchangers and stream splitters permanently connected to them.
Fig. 9 shows a hybrid system of a duct exchanger with an accumulation exchanger connected to switchable stream splitters and a drive unit separating the exchangers, adapted to operate with a unidirectional flow of two independent streams.
Fig. 10 shows a diagram of a hybrid duct exchanger with a drive unit and an accumulation exchanger connected to stream splitters switchable in the A-B system, attached to the accumulation exchanger in a unidirectional flow of two separate streams.
Fig. 11 shows diagrams of various designs of heat exchangers with a drive unit:
1. A. Diagram of an accumulation exchanger with permanently attached stream splitters equipped with independent drives and impellers driving the flow in a cross-flow (A-B) system of reversible stream flow
2. B. Diagram of an accumulation exchanger with switchable stream splitters and independent drives and impellers driving the flow in a cross-flow (A-B) system of reversible stream flow.
3. C. Schematic diagram of an accumulation exchanger with switchable stream splitters and independent drives and impellers driving the flow in an aligned (A-A) system of reversible stream flow.
4. D. Schematic diagram of an accumulation exchanger with permanently attached stream splitters and a reversible drive unit
5. E. Diagram of a hybrid design consisting of a duct exchanger and an accumulation exchanger permanently connected to stream splitters in an A-B layout and a drive unit in a unidirectional stream flow layout
6. F. Diagram of a hybrid construction consisting of a duct exchanger, a drive unit and an accumulation exchanger permanently connected to stream splitters in an A-B layout in a unidirectional stream flow layout
7. G. Diagram of a hybrid construction consisting of a duct exchanger and an accumulation exchanger with switchable stream splitters in an A-A layout, a drive unit in a unidirectional stream flow layout and a switchable stream guide apparatus
8. H. Diagram of a hybrid construction consisting of a switchable stream guide apparatus, a duct exchanger, a drive unit and switchable stream splitters in an A-B layout of an accumulation exchanger, in a unidirectional stream flow layout
9. I. Schematic diagram of a hybrid design consisting of a duct exchanger and an accumulation exchanger with permanently attached stream splitters in an A-B layout and two motors with impellers driving the flow of streams in a unidirectional stream flow layout
Fig. 12. Design of the turbine (electricity generator with a drive) of the drive unit with shutters and partitions between the stream splitters.
1. A. Side view along the longitudinal axis
2. B. Isometric view
3. C. Side view along the transverse axis
4. D. Cross-section along the longitudinal axis
Fig. 13. View of separating the turbine structure elements of the stream splitter drive unit, with shutters and duct partitions located between the stream splitters.
Fig. 14. Diagram of the turbine structure of the stream splitter drive unit
1. A. Turbine with shutters and duct partitions placed between the stream splitters
2. B. Turbine with shutters and duct partitions placed on both sides behind the stream splitters
Fig. 15. Design of turbines with shutters on the outside of the stream splitters
1. A. Turbine with shutters and partitions placed on one side relative to the stream splitters
2. B. Turbine with shutters and partitions placed on both sides relative to the stream splitters.

Example No. 1:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) of a double contained pipe system, known in the state of the art, which are permanently connected in an A-B layout (with a displacement), in the axis of which drive unit there is an inner pipe (6) and, on the outer side of which, there is a casing pipe (5). In the axis of the structure, a motor/electricity generator body (3) with a drive shaft extending bilaterally in opposite directions is placed in a leak-proof manner by means of an adapter (4) known in the state of the art. On both sides of the connected A-B stream splitters (1), i.e. permanently assembled in a system with a displacement (8), there are impellers (2) with blades, the rotary motion of the common shaft of which forces the flow of streams in accordance with the direction resulting from the geometry of the impeller blades. By connecting two stream splitters (1) in an A-B layout, cross-flow occurs between the inner pipe (6) on one side and the casing pipe (5) on the other side, and simultaneously between the casing pipe (5) on one side and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the stream splitters. Through the A-B stream splitter (1) layout, the stream flows driven by the impellers (2) of the fans placed on opposite sides of the connected stream splitters (1) flow without significant compression loss in two independent streams of the double-contained pipe system, depending on the geometry of the impeller blades, either co-currently or counter-currently.
In this solution, it is possible to use blade sizes limited to the inner pipe (6) or, in the absence of the inner pipe, limited to the casing pipe (5). The use of a single motor (3) with a through-shaft extending to both sides and two impellers (2) eliminates the need for two separate fans previously used in numerous designs known in the state of the art, allowing a single fan with two impellers to be used instead. Mounting the motor (3) in the axis of the connected A-B stream splitters (1) with the drive shaft extending through to both sides results in that the impellers (2), depending on the geometry of the blades, drive two independent duct streams, i.e. the inner pipe (6) of the left splitter and the casing pipe (5) of the right splitter, as well as the inner pipe (6) of the right splitter connected to the casing pipe (5) of the left splitter. This results in a reduction in the need for two independent fan drives in favour of one drive and two impellers (2) connected to A-B stream splitters (1). The flow of streams can be unidirectional (12) or reversible (13). The fan drive, known in the state of the art as 'reversible' (13), can change the direction of the shaft rotation, which will result in a change in the direction of the stream flow.

Example No. 2:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) of a double containment pipe system, known in the state of the art, which are permanently assembled in an A-B layout (with a displacement), in the axis of which there is an inner pipe (6) and, on the outer side of which, a casing pipe (5). Two motor bodies (3) /electricity generators with drive shafts extending in opposite directions on both sides are tightly mounted in the axis of the structure using an adapter (4) known in the state of the art. The motors (3) are arranged in mirror image of each other. On both sides of the connected A-B stream splitters (1), i.e. arranged in a layout with a displacement (8), there are impellers (2) with blades whose rotary motion forces the streams to flow in accordance with their rotational direction and geometry. By connecting two stream splitters (1) in an A-B layout, a cross-flow occurs between the inner pipe (6) on one side and the casing pipe (5) on the other side, and simultaneously between the casing pipe (5) on one side and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the stream splitters. Through the A-B stream splitter (1) layout, the streams driven by the impellers (2) of the fans located on opposite sides of the connected stream splitters (1) flow with no significant compression loss in two independent streams of the double-contained pipe system, depending on the geometry of the impeller blades, either co-currently or counter-currently. The use of two independent drives in this solution allows independent control of the flow dynamics and direction of two separate flow streams by means of control, known in the state of the art, of the direction and rotation dynamics of two independent motors driving the fan shafts. The drive unit is mounted on the outside of the in-wall heat exchanger (7) (on the side facing the external façade), so that the in-wall design of the recuperator dampens any noise emitted by the drive unit (emitted by the drives and impellers). Independent fan impeller drives ensure independent control, known in the state of the art, of the flow intensity of two separate (supply and exhaust) streams passing through the heat exchanger.

Example No. 3:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) of a double contained pipe system, known in the state of the art, which are permanently connected in an A-B layout (with a displacement), in the axis of which there is an inner pipe (6) and, on the outer side, a casing pipe (5). Two motor bodies (3) with drive shafts extending in opposite directions are tightly mounted in the axis of the structure by means of an adapter (4) known in the state of the art. The motors (3) are arranged in mirror image of each other. On both sides of the connected A-B stream splitters (1), i.e. combined in a layout with a displacement (8), there are impellers (2) with blades whose rotary motion forces the streams to flow in accordance with their rotation direction and geometry. By connecting two stream splitters (1) in an A-B layout, cross-flow occurs between the inner pipe (6) on one side and the casing pipe (5) on the other side, and simultaneously between the casing pipe (5) on one side and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the stream splitters. By means of the A-B stream splitter layout (1), the streams driven by the impellers (2) of the fans located on opposite sides of the connected stream splitters (1) flow with no significant compression loss in two independent streams of the double contained pipe system, depending on the geometry of the impeller blades, either co-currently or counter-currently. The use of two separate drives in this solution allows independent control of the flow dynamics and direction for two separate flow streams by means of control, known in the state of the art, of the direction and rotation dynamics of two separate motors driving the fan shafts.
In this solution, it is possible to use two separate fans inside the inner pipe (6) or, if there is no inner pipe, inside the casing pipe (5) arranged as in a mirror image, with independently controlled impellers and freely profiled blade geometry known in the state of the art, as well as with blade sizes limited to the inner pipe or the absence of an inner pipe and limited in size to the casing pipe.

Example 4:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) of a double-contained pipe system, known in the state of the art, which can be freely switched in an A-B and A-A layout, in the axis of which there is an inner pipe (6) and, on the outer side of which, a casing pipe (5). In the longitudinal axis of the structure, the body of two electricity generators with electronically adjustable magnetic resistance is tightly mounted by means of an adapter (4) known in the state of the art, with drive shafts extending bilaterally in opposite directions. On both sides of the connected stream splitters (1) there are impellers (2) with blades, whose rotary motion is forced by the flow of streams in accordance with the flow direction and the geometry of the impeller blades known in the state of the art. By a switchable connection of two stream splitters (1) in an A-B layout, a cross-flow of streams occurs from the inner pipe (6) on one side of the stream splitters to the casing pipe (5) on the other side and simultaneously from the casing pipe (5) on the opposite side of the stream splitters to the inner pipe (6). By means of the A-B stream splitter layout (1), the streams actuate a rotary motion of the impellers (2); the streams flow with no significant compression loss in two separate streams of the double-contained pipe system. After switching to the A-A layout, the streams flow from the inner pipe (6) on one side of the stream splitter to the inner pipe (6) on the opposite side.
In this solution, it is possible to use a single electricity generator with a shaft extending to both sides and two impellers (2) with blades of any shape known in the state of the art and blade sizes limited to the inner pipe (6) or the absence of an inner pipe (6) and limited to the casing pipe (5). The electricity generator is mounted in the axis of the connected A-B stream splitters (1), which causes the impeller (2) to be driven by two separate streams, regardless of the geometry of the blades.

Example No. 5:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) connected in an A-B layout, which can be switched to an A-A layout in a manner known in the state of the art. An inner pipe (6) is placed in the axis of this system and a casing pipe (5) is placed on the outside. The body of two reversible motors (3) / electricity generators with drive shafts extending bilaterally in opposite directions is mounted in the longitudinal axis of the structure in a sealed manner by means of an adapter (4) known in the state of the art. On both sides of the connected stream splitters (1) (i.e. cross-connected, switchable to a position with a displacement (10)), there are impellers (2) with blades, whose rotary motion forces the streams to flow in the direction resulting from the geometry of the impeller blades. By connecting two stream splitters (1) in an A-B layout switchable to an A-A layout, a cross-flow occurs in the A-B layout between the inner pipe (6) on one side and the casing pipe (5) on the other side, and simultaneously between the casing pipe (5) on one side and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the splitters. By means of the stream splitter layout (1), the streams driven by the impellers (2) of the fans placed on opposite sides of the connected stream splitters (1) flow with no significant compression loss in two separate streams of the double-contained pipe system. The impeller blades (2) of the fan drive both the streams of the inner pipe (6) and of the casing pipe (5) on the other side of the splitter.
The mounting of the motors (3) in the axis of the connected stream splitters (1), which can be switched freely between A-B or A-A layout, results in that the impellers (2), regardless of the blade geometry, drive two independent duct streams in the A-B layout, i.e. between the inner pipe (6) on one side and the casing pipe (5) on the other side of the stream splitters and, simultaneously, between the casing pipe (5) on one side and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the stream splitters, or, after switching to the A-A layout, the same impellers drive a unidirectional flow of streams from the inner pipe (6) on one side to the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the stream splitter. In the A-A layout, the flow of streams through the inner pipe (6) on both sides of the stream splitters causes the drive unit not to drive the flow of the casing pipe (5).

Example No. 6:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) of a double contained pipe system, known in the state of the art, which can be switched freely between the A-B and A-A layout, in which the inner pipe (6) is present only on one side of the splitters, while the impeller blades (2) of the fan on the side where the inner pipe (6) is not present are larger and, due to their size, drive the streams of the casing pipe (5), while on the opposite side of the splitters, the blades of the smaller impeller drive the flow of the inner pipe (6). In the longitudinal axis of the structure, the body of two reversible motors (3) with drive shafts extending bilaterally in opposite directions is tightly mounted by means of an adapter (4) known in the state of the art. In the described design, the impellers of the fans (2) differ in size and the drive unit performs different functions depending on the stream flow direction of the reversible drives and the splitter layout (A-A; A-B).
In the A-B layout, the structure of the connected stream splitters serves to separate the streams (when flowing from the larger impeller to the smaller one), as the streams flowing through the casing pipe (5) are divided into the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the splitter. In the A-B layout and in the flow direction from the smaller impeller to the larger one, the structure acts as a mixer, as the streams flowing through the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6) are merged in the casing pipe (5) after passing through the splitters (no inner pipe (6) is present on this side).
A special feature of this structure (stream splitters switchable in an aligned layout (11)) lies in the possibility to freely switch between the A-B and A-A layouts, together with separate control of the operation intensity and the possibility of reverse operation of each of the two motors (3) that affect the rotational speed and rotation direction of the smaller and larger impellers ( 2) placed on opposite sides of the splitters (1). As a result, in the aligned A-A layout and in the aligned rotation direction of the impellers (2), the flowing streams will be separated or mixed (depending on the flow direction), while in the aligned A-A layout and the opposite rotation direction of the impellers (2), the flowing streams will be redirected towards the direction from which they arrived (they will be reversed) i.e. from the casing pipe (5) to the inner pipe (6) or vice versa, on the same side of the stream splitters.

Example No. 7:

The drive unit for stream splitters according to the invention consists of two larger stream splitters (1) connected and freely switchable between A-A and A-B, layouts and two smaller stream splitters (1) connected and also switchable, whereby the casing pipe (5) of the smaller splitters (on the side where no inner pipe (6) is present) forms the inner pipe (6) of the larger stream splitters, while the casing pipe (5) of the larger splitters remains shared by the smaller splitters. The use of two separate motors/electricity generators (3) with reverse operation capability in each of the splitter units, together with two sets of impellers (2) with separate geometry known in the state of the art, allows for any control of the direction and rotational speed of the motors and multiple options for flow from the smaller splitters to the larger ones or in the opposite direction, as well as the possibility of switching the layouts of both units as A-A or A-B, resulting in the appropriate redirection of the streams.

Example No. 8:

The drive unit for stream splitters according to the invention consists of two larger stream splitters (1) connected and freely switchable between A-A and A-B layouts, and two smaller stream splitters (1) connected and also switchable, wherein the casing pipe (5) of the smaller splitters forms a casing pipe (5) of the larger stream splitters, which narrows on one side and widens on the other, while the inner pipe (6) of the larger stream splitters forms an inner pipe (6) of the smaller splitters, which narrows on one side and widens on the other. The use of two independent motors/electricity generators (3) with the possibility of reverse operation in each of the splitter units, together with two sets of impellers (2) with independent geometry known in the state of the art, allows for free control of the direction and rotary speed of the motors and multiple options for flow from the smaller to the larger splitters or in the opposite direction and the possibility of switching the layouts of both units as A-A or A-B, resulting in the appropriate redirection of the streams and their acceleration/deceleration and increase/decrease in pressure resulting from the Venturi effect known in the state of the art, in accordance with Bernoulli's principle of conservation of energy.

Example No. 9:

The drive unit of the stream splitters according to the invention consists of two stream splitters (1) of a double contained pipe system, known in the state of the art, which are permanently connected in an A-A layout, in the axis of which, there is an inner pipe (6) and, on the outer side, a casing pipe (5). The bodies of two motors (3) with drive shafts extending bilaterally in opposite directions are mounted in a sealed manner in the axis of the structure by means of an adapter (4) known in the state of the art. On both sides of the connected A-A stream splitters (1) (i.e. combined in an aligned layout (9)), there are impellers (2) with blades whose rotational motion forces the streams to flow in accordance with their rotation direction and geometry. By connecting two stream splitters (1) in an A-A layout, the streams flow in alignment between the inner pipe (6) on one side of the splitters and the inner pipe (6) on the other side of the stream splitters. Through the A-A layout of the stream splitter (1), the streams driven by the fan impellers (2) placed on opposite sides of the connected stream splitters (1) flow with no significant loss of compression in two independent streams of the double-contained pipe system. The use of two independent drives in the solution allows independent control of the dynamics and direction (in the case of reversible drives) of the flow by means of control, known in the state of the art, of the rotation direction and dynamics of two independent motors driving the fans.

Example No. 10:

Two stream splitters (1) mounted on opposite sides of the accumulation exchanger (16) are equipped with two drives (3) with impellers (2) that drive the flow of independent streams in a unidirectional flow and are connected to each other by a cam mechanism (14) connected to a ratchet-clamping mechanism. This mechanism is located in the axis of the layout on a rotary shaft. Double-sided sealing linings (15) are permanently attached to the accumulation exchanger (16) in a manner known in the state of the art, facilitating the sealing of the connection in a stable position between the partitions of the accumulation heat exchanger ducts and the clamped side stream splitters (1). A cam-clamping mechanism (14) is mounted in the axis of the layout, which causes the splitters (1) to be pressed against the sealing linings (15) in the static position and to be tightly connected to the accumulation exchanger (16). When switching between A-A and A-B positions by using the cam mechanism (14), the pressed splitter (1) is moved away from the sealing lining (15) and then rotated and pressed in the switched position. As a result of the rotary movement, the critical point is passed, after which the cam mechanism (14) guides the splitter (1) to a stable position which is aligned with the position of the sealing linings (1) of the accumulation exchanger (16). In the stabilised position, the stream splitter (1) is pressed again against the linings by a cam-clamping mechanism (14) known in the state of the art, ensuring leak tightness of the connection in the new position (with a displacement by one duct section). The rotation cycle of the stream splitters (1) relative to the sealing lining of the accumulation exchanger (16) remains infinite. The simultaneous displacement of two stream splitters (1) by one duct section of the accumulation exchanger (16) causes a section change, with an effect identical to that of a change in the stream flow direction (despite the unidirectional flow), maintaining the set A-A or A-B layout, while the displacement of one stream splitter (1) by one section of the accumulation exchanger ducts (16) causes the switching of the layouts from A-A to A-B and vice versa. The rotation of the switching mechanism (14) causes the displacement of the stream splitters relative to each other by one section of the inner ducts of the regeneration exchanger.
The accumulation exchanger (16) mounted in a double-contained pipe system between the stream splitters remains a static element, whereas the side stream splitters (1) mounted on a cam-clamping mechanism (14) or cam-pulling mechanism, known in the state of the art, are rotated either unilaterally or bilaterally. The accumulation exchanger (16) has inner flow ducts divided into flow sections (22) of two independent medium streams passing through them. On the rims (23) of the stream splitters (1) adjacent to the inner ducts and the walls of the accumulation exchanger (16) dividing them, connected by a double-contained pipe system to the drive unit (17), an accumulation exchanger (16) is mounted with inner flow ducts divided into flow sections (22) for two independent medium streams passing through them.
Owing to the switching mechanism (14), despite the fact that the streams operate in one direction only, the ducts of the accumulation exchanger (16) operate in a manner typical for reverse flows, accumulating heat and releasing it.

Example No. 11:

Two stream splitters (1) with flanges extending to the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6) of the double-contained pipe system are permanently connected to the accumulation heat exchanger (16) in an A-B layout. The use of end side stream splitters (1) with rims adjacent to the inner duct partitions (with geometry matched to the shape of the walls between the exchanger ducts) of the accumulation exchanger allows the ducts to be divided into duct sections (22) and two independent streams to flow through the same exchanger (16), wherein the stream entering through the casing pipe (5) after passing through the exchanger (16) enters the inner pipe (6) from the other side of the exchanger, and simultaneously the stream entering through the inner pipe (6) after passing through the exchanger enters the casing pipe (5). In the solution according to the invention, heat energy is exchanged through partitions of alternately separated sections of inner ducts for two independent streams flowing through the accumulation exchanger. The accumulation exchanger (16) is mounted on the rims (23) of the stream splitter (1).

Example No. 12:

The drive unit (17) is connected by a double-contained pipe system on one side to the accumulation exchanger (16) and to the duct exchanger (7) on the other side. A cam mechanism (14), advantageously a cam-sealing mechanism, is placed in the axis of the connected stream splitters (1) and the accumulation exchanger (16). This mechanism is mounted on a rotary shaft. The cam mechanism (14) placed in the axis of the unit enables the switching of one of the stream splitters (1) from the A-A to A-B position by performing a unidirectional movement. The cam mechanism (14) also enables the simultaneous switching of two stream splitters by one section of the accumulation exchanger (16), which causes the streams flowing in individual sections of the ducts of this exchanger to be converted, so that the heating ducts become heat-releasing ducts and, at the same time, the ducts that released heat become heat-accumulating ducts. The drive unit (17) ensures a unidirectional flow of two independent streams flowing through the exchangers, which is important for proper operation of the duct exchanger (7), while the mechanism for switching the two side stream splitters of the accumulation exchanger (16) ensures switching between the heat-absorbing and heat-releasing ducts, which is necessary for proper operation of the accumulation exchanger. The placement of the accumulation exchanger (16) on the side of the environment with below-zero temperatures and the adjustment of the switching frequency of the accumulation exchanger to ensure its operation in the above-zero temperature range eliminates the need for automatic and electrical systems with which to prevent frost and ice formation on the heat exchangers. The flow of streams is unidirectional (12).

Example No. 13:

The device consists of a cylindrical accumulation heat exchanger (16) equipped with side (end) stream splitters (1). Inside the accumulation exchanger, there are square ducts separated by partitions. On both sides of the exchanger, there are stream splitters with a rim shape adapted to the layout of the duct partitions and dividing the exchanger ducts into alternating sections. The flow of two independent streams through the exchanger is forced by the design and layout of the side stream splitters (1) equipped with a drive (3) and a fan impeller (2). A cam mechanism (14), advantageously a switching-sealing mechanism, is placed in the axis of the connected stream splitters (1) and the accumulation exchanger (16). This mechanism is placed on a rotary shaft, enabling switching by a separate duct section, cyclically, with a rotary motion of one of the splitters or both side stream splitters simultaneously. Switching one of the stream splitters results in changing the airflow layout through the exchanger from a layout with a displacement (20) to an aligned layout (21) and then again to a layout with a displacement (20). Switching both splitters simultaneously causes the heat exchanger duct sections to change from heat-absorbing sections to heat-releasing sections as a result of the exhaust streams and fresh air supply streams flowing through them. The stream splitters (1) have flanges of a double-contained pipe system consisting of a casing pipe (5) and an inner pipe (6), which, together with the division into inner duct sections of the exchanger, enables the simultaneous smooth flow of separate exhaust air and fresh air supply streams through the device. The mechanism for switching the two side stream splitters of the accumulation exchanger (16) ensures switching between the heat-absorbing and heat-releasing ducts. The side stream splitters of the accumulation exchanger divide the ducts of this exchanger into two sections, in which two independent fresh air supply and exhaust air streams flow, while a cam mechanism cyclically switches the fresh air supply and exhaust duct sections, causing the heat exchanger to cyclically absorb and release heat energy, also protecting against frosting.

Example No. 14:

The device consists of a drive unit (17) with reversible operating characteristics and a cylindrical accumulation heat exchanger (16) equipped with side stream splitters (1). Inside the accumulation exchanger, there are hexagonal ducts separated by partitions. On both sides of the exchanger, there are stream splitters with rims of shapes adapted to the layout of the duct partitions and dividing the exchanger ducts into alternating sections. The drive unit (17) operates in a reversible mode, which causes the streams flowing through the heat exchanger to flow alternately in cycles and in opposite directions. A change in the cycle (of fan rotation direction) of the drive unit causes a change in the operating cycle of the heat exchanger (the ducts release the heat they have previously accumulated, and the heat-releasing ducts accumulate heat). The stream splitters (1) have flanges for a double-contained pipe system consisting of a casing pipe (5) and an inner pipe (6), which, together with the division of the inner ducts of the exchanger into sections, enables the smooth flow of separate exhaust and fresh air supply streams through the device simultaneously, regardless of the direction of flow at any given moment. The use of a reverse operating frequency, adapted to the temperature conditions, of the accumulation exchanger (16) ensures its operation in the above-zero temperature range, eliminating the need for automation and electrical systems to prevent frosting and icing of the heat exchangers. The presented design does not disturb the pressure in the recuperated room.

Examples No. 15:

The drive unit (17) is mounted on the outer wall of the facility to be ventilated and is connected by a double-contained pipe system to an accumulation exchanger (16) on one side and further to a duct exchanger (7). The stream splitters (1) are permanently connected to the accumulation exchanger (16) in a version with a displacement (18). The drive unit (17) ensures a unidirectional flow of two separate streams passing through the exchangers, which is important for the proper operation of the duct exchanger (7). The flow of streams through the accumulation exchanger is also unidirectional, while in the accumulation exchanger, heat transfer occurs transversely through the partitions separating the sections of the individual inner ducts of the exchanger.
The location of the drive unit (17) on the external façade of the recuperated facility helps to reduce both the noise from the device itself (coming from the drive unit) and the noise from the external environment. This hybrid exchanger design is intended for use in moderate or warmer climates.

Example No. 16:

The drive unit (17) mounted on the external façade of the recuperated facility is connected by a double-contained pipe system on one side to an accumulation exchanger (16) and further to a duct exchanger (7). On the external façade side, the drive unit is connected by a double-contained pipe system to a stream guide apparatus known in the state of the art, consisting of two connected stream splitters in an A-B layout, in order to redirect the streams in such a way as to obtain an exhaust effect using an inner pipe and an air intake effect using a casing pipe. A cam mechanism (14) is placed in the axis of the connected stream splitters (1) and the accumulation exchanger (16). This mechanism is placed on a rotary shaft. The stream splitters (1) are cyclically switched by rotary motion between separate sections of the accumulation exchanger ducts (16) at a switching frequency which ensures that the accumulation exchanger remains within the above-zero temperature range, thus protecting the recuperator layout against low temperatures, frosting and freezing.
The drive unit (17) ensures a unidirectional flow of two independent streams flowing through the exchangers, which is important for the proper operation of the duct exchanger (7), while the mechanism for switching the two side stream splitters of the accumulation exchanger (16) ensures switching between the heating and heat-releasing ducts, which is necessary for the proper operation of the accumulation exchanger. The location of the accumulation exchanger (16) on the side of the environment with below-zero temperatures and the use of a switching frequency for the accumulation exchanger that ensures its operation in the above-zero temperature range eliminates the need for automation and electrical systems that prevent freezing and icing of the heat exchangers. The flow of streams is unidirectional (12). The location of the drive unit (17) on the external façade of the recuperated facility helps to reduce both the noise of the device itself (coming from the drive unit) and the noise coming from the external environment of the facility. This hybrid exchanger design is intended for use in moderate or colder climates.

Example No. 17:

The drive unit (17) is connected by a double-contained pipe system on one side to the accumulation exchanger (16) and, on the other side, to the duct exchanger (7). The stream splitters (1) are permanently connected to the accumulation exchanger (16) in a version with a displacement (18). The drive unit (17) ensures a unidirectional flow of two separate streams passing through the exchangers, which is important for the proper operation of the duct exchanger (7). The stream flow through the accumulation exchanger is also unidirectional, while in the accumulation exchanger, heat transfer occurs transversely through partitions separating the sections of individual inner ducts of the exchanger. The placement of the accumulation exchanger (16) on the side exposed to below-zero temperatures protects the system against freezing, provided that above-zero operating temperatures are maintained on the exchanger. The accumulation exchanger (16) has inner flow ducts divided into flow sections (22) through which two independent streams of medium flow. The stream flow is unidirectional (12). The location of the drive unit (17) between the duct exchanger and the accumulation exchanger ensures more favourable operating temperature parameters for the drive, which translates into its durability. This hybrid exchanger design is intended for use in moderate or warmer climates.

Example No. 18:

The drive unit (17) is connected by a double-contained pipe system to an accumulation exchanger (16) on the inside of the facility to be ventilated and, on the outside, to a duct exchanger (7). The stream splitters (1) connected to the accumulation exchanger (16) are switched in a layout with a displacement (20) cyclically in a unidirectional motion, ensuring that the accumulation exchanger is maintained within the above-zero temperature range. The drive unit (17) ensures unidirectional flow of two independent streams flowing through the exchangers, which is important for the proper operation of the duct exchanger (7), while the mechanism for switching the two side stream splitters of the accumulation exchanger (16) ensures switching between the sections of its ducts (22) that accumulate and release heat, which is necessary to maintain the accumulation exchanger within the above-zero temperature range, thus protecting the entire hybrid system against frosting and freezing. The location of the drive unit (17) between the duct exchanger and the accumulation exchanger ensures more favourable operating temperature parameters for the drive, which translates into its durability. This hybrid exchanger design is intended for use in moderate or colder climates.

Example No. 19:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention is designed as a turbine, in which the stream splitters (1) are spaced apart from each other by a distance required for placing duct shutters (26) between them, the said shutters being integrated with partitions (24) that divide the counter-current flows of the drive unit into alternating two or more sections of two separate streams. The partitions (24) divide the space between the stream splitters of the drive unit into longitudinal rectilinear flow ducts, forming sections (25). The duct shutters (26) are attached to the partitions (24) in a manner known in the state of the art. The duct shutters (26) alternately direct the streams to one fan and the opposite fan.
The drive unit (17) of the stream splitters of the double-contained pipe system is equipped with a drive (3) which acts as an electricity generator. The stream splitters (1) in the drive unit divide the cross-flows between the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6). The division of the stream splitters (1) in the drive unit (17) into two or more sections (25) enables simultaneous/parallel transport of the streams, whereby the streams of the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6) do not mix.
The fan impellers (2)/turbine impellers are mounted on opposite sides of the shared shaft (27).

Example No. 20:

The drive unit of the stream splitter according to the invention is designed as a turbine/motor in which the stream splitters (1) are placed centrally relative to the drive unit and the duct shutters (26) are placed on the outside of one of the stream splitters. On one side of the stream splitter, there are duct shutters (26) integrated with partitions (24) that divide the flows of the drive unit into alternating two or more sections of two separate streams. The partitions (24) divide the space between the stream splitters of the drive unit into longitudinal rectilinear flow ducts, forming sections (25). The individual sections (25) are asymmetrically spaced in the vertical plane. The duct shutters (26) direct the streams alternately to one of the fans. The duct shutters (26) are placed on one side of the stream splitter (1) on the side forming the closure of the double-contained pipe system or between the stream splitters.
The drive unit (17) of the stream splitters for the double-contained pipe system is equipped with a drive (3) which acts as an electricity generator. The stream splitters (1) in the drive unit divide the cross-flows between the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6). The division of the stream splitters (1) in the drive unit (17) into two or more sections (25) enables the streams to be transported alternately, whereby the streams of the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6) do not mix.

Example No. 21:

The drive unit (17) of the stream splitters was installed in a vertical layout on the roof of the building as an air intake/exhaust unit (for exhaust gas removal and air supply for combustion) at the termination of the double-contained pipe system for the exhaust duct of a gas condensing boiler. The inner pipe (6) is used to discharge exhaust gases, while the casing pipe (5) provides a counter-current air supply. The drive unit (17) of the stream splitters for the double-contained pipe system is equipped with a drive (3) acting as an electricity generator, where an electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and an electricity generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The stream splitters (1) in the drive unit divide the cross-flows between the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6). The division of the stream splitters (1) in the drive unit (17) into six sections allows the exhaust gases to be transported alternately through three sections and the air through the other three, whereby the streams of the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6) do not mix.
The drive unit (17) contains narrowing duct shutters (26) which direct the streams in accordance with the flow directions in the individual sections. Owing to the narrowing of the shutter ducts, the streams become accelerated, forming an air curtain around the exhaust gases transported upwards and drawing in air directed downwards.

Example No. 22:

The stream splitter drive unit (17) is installed in a horizontal layout at the termination of the double-contained pipe system inside the decentralised recuperator as an air intake/exhaust unit (for exhausting exhaust air and supplying fresh air). The inner pipe (6) is used for discharging of exhaust air, while the casing pipe (5) provides a counter-current supply. The drive unit (17) of the stream splitters of the double-contained pipe system is equipped with a drive (3) acting as an electricity generator.
The stream splitters (1) in the drive unit divide the cross-flows between the casing pipe (5) and the inner pipe (6). The division of the stream splitters (1) in the drive unit (17) into four sections allows the exhaust air to be transported alternately through two sections and the fresh air through the other two.
Between the splitters (1) in the drive unit (17), there are narrowing duct shutters (26) which direct the streams in accordance with the flow directions in the individual sections. Owing to the narrowing of the duct shutters, the air streams become accelerated, creating an air curtain around the exhaust air streams transported outside the facility and drawing in air directed into the interior of the facility.

Example No. 23:

The drive unit (17) of the stream splitters for the double containment pipe system with rectilinear counter-current flows is placed at the termination of the pipe system, whereby the casing pipe (5) at the end of the pipe system remains sealed (closed) and forms the closure of the pipe system, while the inner pipe (6) on the same side of the drive unit for the double for the contained pipe system remains open, thus allowing the streams to flow from the inner pipe to the outer pipe or vice versa, depending on the direction of the counter-current streams. As a result of the rotation of two fan impellers (2) on a shared shaft which drive unidirectional cross-flows (12), the streams flowing through the open inner pipe (6) on the side of the pipe system end hit the closure of the casing pipe (5) and return to the casing pipe (5) in the direction opposite to that from which they entered the inner pipe.

Claims

A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or turbine, consisting of two connected stream splitters, two fan impellers, a motor with a double-sided through shaft, characterised in that a motor housing (3) with a drive shaft extending bilaterally is mounted in the axis of the two connected stream splitters (1); whereby fan impellers (2) with blades of a shape known in the state of the art are mounted on both sides of the connected stream splitters (1) on a shared motor shaft; whereby the blades redirect two independent streams crosswise between the inner pipe (6) on one side of the splitters and the casing pipe (5) on the other side and simultaneously between the casing pipe (5) on the other side and the inner pipe (6).
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or turbine, according to claim 1, characterised in that two independently controlled motors (3) are tightly mounted in the axis of the two connected stream splitters (1), wherein the motors (3) are arranged in mirror image to each other, and each of them has an independently controlled shaft directed outwards from the layout and an independently controlled fan impeller (2) of a shape known in the state of the art.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claim 1. 1 or 2, characterised in that two independent fan impellers (2) are placed inside an inner pipe (6) and arranged in a mirror image to each other, wherein the impellers (2) are controlled independently.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims. 1 or 2 or 3, characterised in that it is constructed of two independent stream splitters (1) which are connected to each other in a manner known in the state of the art, allowing free switching between A-A and B-B positions or permanently assembled in one of these positions.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to the claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterised in that one of the independent fan impellers (2) is placed in the axis of the system inside the casing pipe (5), while the other independent fan impeller (2) is placed in the axis of the system inside the inner pipe (6).
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterised in that that independent fan impellers (2) are placed inside the inner pipe (6) of the double contained pipe system and are arranged in a mirror image to each other, wherein the inner pipe (6) placed in one drive unit also forms a casing pipe (5) of the second drive unit connected to this pipe.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to the claims. 1 or 2 or 3, characterised in that it is advantageously placed on one side of the heat exchanger (7) and connected to this exchanger in a manner known in the state of the art; wherein each of the fan impellers (2) of the drive unit drives separate streams flowing through the heat exchanger (7).
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to the claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterised in that on the rims (23) of the stream splitter (1) adjacent to the inner ducts and the walls of the accumulation exchanger (16) dividing them, connected by a double contained pipe system with a drive unit (17), there is an accumulation exchanger (16) with inner flow ducts divided into flow sections (22) for two separate medium streams.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to the claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8, characterised in that on both sides of the connected stream splitters (1), i.e. on opposite sides relative to the drive unit (17), in a double-contained pipe system, accumulation exchangers (16) with inner flow ducts separated as sections are mounted, one stream splitter (1) on each side of the accumulation exchanger (16); wherein the two stream splitters (1) mounted on opposite sides of each of the accumulation exchangers (16) are equipped with any switching mechanism (14) known in the state of the art for switching the stream splitters relative to the exchanger duct sections, advantageously a switching-sealing mechanism which is placed in the axis of the system on the rotary shaft.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9, characterised in that it is connected by a double-contained pipe system to the drive unit (17); wherein, advantageously, a switching mechanism (14) is placed in the axis of the connected stream splitters (1) and the accumulation exchanger (16).
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10, characterised in that the rotation of the switching mechanism (14) causes the stream splitters to shift relative to each other by one section of the inner ducts of the accumulation exchanger and results in that the stream splitters are sealed relative to each other.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11, characterised in that the stream splitters (1) are permanently assembled with the accumulation exchanger (16) in a version with displacement (18) and (20) or in an aligned version (19) and (21).
A drive unit for double-contained pipe stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12, characterised in that that fan impellers (2) are mounted on opposite sides of a shared shaft (27), and partitions (24) are placed between stream splitters (1), dividing the structure into ducts running longitudinally and radially relative to the longitudinal axis, into separate sections (25) for co-current or counter-current flow; wherein duct shutters (26), advantageously adjustable, are placed between the partitions (24), which duct shutters (26) are connected to the partitions (24) by means of connections known in the state of the art.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid and/or turbine, according to claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13, characterised in that that the duct shutters (26) alternately direct the streams to one fan and the opposite fan in the case of counter-current flows on the side forming the end of the double contained pipe system.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13, characterised in that it has duct shutters (26) placed between partitions (24), whereby the duct shutters (26) are connected to the partitions (24) by means of connections known in the state of the art; whereby the duct shutters (26) alternately direct the streams to one of the fans in the case of co-current flows.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or a turbine, according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13, characterised in that it has duct shutters (26) connected to partitions (24) by means of connections known in the state of the art, which shutters (26) change the angle of attack and flow relative to the flowing streams in accordance with the known state of the art, thereby changing the flow cross-section between the shutters.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or turbine, according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 and 15 and 16, characterised in that that the duct shutters (26) are placed outside the stream splitters (1) or on one side of the stream splitter (1) on the side forming the end of the double contained pipe system or between the stream splitters.
A drive unit for double-contained pipe system stream splitters with accumulation and duct exchangers and/or hybrid exchangers and/or turbine, according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 and 15 and 16 or 17, characterised in that it is made of two separate stream splitters (1), which are connected to each other in a manner known in the state of the art, wherein it is closed on one side and has a layout for returning the streams from the casing pipe to the inner pipe or vice versa.