EP4658865A1 - Residential module - Google Patents
Residential moduleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4658865A1 EP4658865A1 EP24702209.8A EP24702209A EP4658865A1 EP 4658865 A1 EP4658865 A1 EP 4658865A1 EP 24702209 A EP24702209 A EP 24702209A EP 4658865 A1 EP4658865 A1 EP 4658865A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- section
- residential
- residential module
- module
- relation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
- E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
- E04B1/34838—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of wood
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
- E04B1/34861—Elements not integrated in a skeleton particular arrangement of habitable rooms or their component parts; modular co-ordination
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
- E04B2001/0084—Buildings with non right-angled horizontal layout grid, e.g. triangular or hexagonal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a residential module, in particular a residential module which together with other identical residential modules can be used to form a residential building.
- Cross-laminated timber is a wood product that consists of three or more layers of glued wood, whereby the layers are installed on top each other in a crosswise manner.
- Crosslaminated timber is also known under the name of CLT.
- the known residential modules also have the disadvantage that grooves for cables, for example electrical cables, must be applied in the outer walls made of cross-laminated timber, which is a relatively expensive action and mechanically weakens the panels.
- the purpose of the present invention is to solve or reduce these and other problems and relates to a residential module, whereby the residential module has outer walls, whereby the outer walls comprise a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section, whereby each of the aforementioned sections, viewed in a horizontal cross-section, is straight, whereby the second section is located adjoiningly to the first section, whereby the third section is located adjoiningly to the second section, whereby the fourth section is located adjoiningly to the third section, whereby the sixth section is located adjoiningly to the first section, whereby the first section and the second section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, whereby the second section and the third section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, whereby the third section and the fourth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, whereby the fourth section and the fifth section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, whereby the fifth section and the sixth section form an angle of 135°
- the invention relates to a residential module, whereby the residential module has outer walls at its sides, whereby the outer walls comprise a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section, whereby, viewed in top view, the residential module has the characteristics that each of the aforementioned sections is straight, that the second section is located adjoiningly to the first section, that the third section is located adjoiningly to the second section, that the fourth section is located adjoiningly to the third section, that the sixth section is located adjoiningly to the first section, that the first section and the second section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, that the second section and the third section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the third section and the fourth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the fourth section and the fifth section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, that the fifth section and the sixth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the sixth section and the first section form
- sections may also each comprise parts that are effectively a wall, but may also comprise parts that are openings, for example for installing windows or doors.
- the horizontal length of the fifth section is at least 10%, more preferably at least 15%, less than the horizontal length of the second section and the horizontal length of the fourth section.
- the outer walls of such a residential module have a form with angles between the various sections which amount to a plurality of 45°, such that said outer walls can be easily fabricated, can be easily installed next to each other in different ways such that they tessellate or nearly tessellate, can form an indoor area with a high level of practical utility, and be strong.
- residential modules which are largely the same, and consequently can be largely fabricated from the same components, can be used in a linear way next to each other, or in a ring-shaped way with four or eight residential modules per storey, to build a residential building.
- outer walls are the sidewalls of the residential module which jointly define the external form of the total of the inner spaces in the residential module.
- the outer walls comprise a seventh section, whereby, viewed in top view, the seventh section is straight and the seventh section is located between the sixth section and the fifth section, and the seventh section and the fifth section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other.
- the aforementioned sections each comprise one or more wall panels made of cross-laminated timber and which, viewed in top view, extend in the direction in which the relevant section extends.
- the outer walls are straight wall panels made of crosslaminated timber. This is an ecological and economic way of fabricating said wall panels.
- the second section and sixth section are each formed by exactly one aforementioned wall panel.
- the aforementioned wall panels are free of recessed or surface-mounted power points. This avoids grooves having to be made in the wall panel for wiring, such that the wall panels can be made more cheaply and are stronger.
- the residential module is provided with an additional wall panel made of cross-laminated timber, whereby, viewed in top view, the additional wall panel horizontally extends from the fourth section in the direction of the inside of the residential module and perpendicular to the direction in which the fourth section extends.
- the additional wall panel has a greater compressive strength than the wall panels comprised in the first to sixth sections.
- the seventh section comprises a wall panel which, viewed in top view, extends further in the direction of the inside of the residential module than the transition between the seventh section and the sixth section, whereby preferably the aforementioned wall panel comprised in the seventh section has a greater compressive strength than the wall panels comprised in the first to sixth sections.
- the wall panel or the part thereof that extends in the direction of the inside of the residential module serves as a bearing wall which allows several residential modules to be installed on top of each other to form a residential building.
- the second section and the sixth section are outer walls which are free of one or more window and/or door openings.
- the fifth section is an outer wall which is free of one or more window and/or door openings.
- the length of the sixth section is greater than the length of the second section. This allows eight residential modules to be installed against each other, each time with the second section of a residential module against the sixth section of an adjacent residential module.
- the difference between the aforementioned length of the sixth section and the aforementioned length of the second section amounts to less than 10.0%, more preferably less than 5.0%, and even more preferably less than 2.0%, of the length of the sixth section.
- the outer walls comprise an eighth section, whereby, viewed in top view, the eighth section is straight and the eighth section is located adjoiningly to the sixth section and the first section, and the eighth section and the first section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other.
- the length of the fifth section is less than the length of the first section.
- the lengths of at least four sections from the group formed by the first to sixth section are different in relation to each other, whereby the differences in relation to each other between the lengths of the aforementioned at least four sections each amount to at least 3% of the length of the longest section of the aforementioned at least four sections.
- the outer walls comprise exactly seven or exactly eight aforementioned straight sections.
- the residential module comprises a load-bearing floor and a cover floor, whereby the load-bearing floor consists of one or more floor panels made of cross-laminated timber, whereby the cover floor is applied on top of the load-bearing floor, whereby the residential module comprises power points that are applied in the cover floor and are electrically connected by means of power cables located between the cover floor and the load-bearing floor.
- the residential module is a pre-fab residential module.
- the wall panels are straight, flat panels.
- the invention in a second aspect relates to a building that comprises at least two storeys, whereby the storeys each comprise at least two residential modules, whereby the residential modules that are part of an aforementioned storey are borne by one or more residential modules that are part of one or more underlying aforementioned storeys, whereby each of the aforementioned residential modules is a residential module which has outer walls on its sides, whereby the outer walls are made of wall panels that are made of cross-laminated timber.
- the storeys are equivalent to floors of the building.
- the aforementioned wall panels of the residential modules serve here as bearing walls that bear the weight of residential modules in one or more overlying storeys.
- the outer walls are the sidewalls of a residential module which jointly define the external form of the total of the inner spaces in the residential module.
- the residential modules in the building according to the invention can be residential modules according to the invention but that this is not necessary.
- the residential modules in an aforementioned storey are located immediately, i.e. adjoiningly, above and/or immediately, i.e. adjoiningly, under the residential modules in another aforementioned storey.
- the residential modules in all aforementioned storeys are borne by residential modules that are part of underlying aforementioned storeys.
- the building comprises three or more aforementioned storeys and preferably six or more aforementioned storeys.
- the building comprises thirty or less aforementioned storeys, and preferably twenty or less aforementioned storeys.
- the building comprises a subconstruction which is designed to withstand horizontal forces, whereby the residential modules are attached to the subconstruction by means of coupling means that are designed to transfer horizontal forces.
- the residential modules are not borne by the aforementioned subconstruction, but by underlying residential modules, and the subconstruction only serves to prevent deflection of the building in a horizontal direction, namely as a consequence of wind load.
- the subconstruction comprises a vertical column or one or more pillars, whereby preferably the column or the one or more pillars are made of concrete.
- the subconstruction comprises a vertical column with a central cavity, whereby the residential modules that are part of an aforementioned storey jointly encircle the column, whereby the residential modules are attached to the column by means of the aforementioned coupling means.
- each one of the aforementioned residential modules is a residential module according to the invention.
- the column viewed in top view, is an octagonal column with angles of 45° and eight straight sides, whereby the first section of each residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces a different aforementioned straight side of the column.
- the aforementioned storeys comprise exactly four aforementioned residential modules, whereby the first section of every residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces the fifth section of an adjacent residential module and whereby the sixth section of every residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces a different aforementioned straight side of the column.
- the aforementioned storeys comprise exactly eight of the aforementioned residential modules, whereby the second section of every residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces the sixth section of an adjacent residential module.
- every residential module in the building according to the invention is characterised in that, viewed in top view, the length of the sixth section is greater than the length of the second section.
- the aforementioned angles between sections are the angles as measured from the inside of the residential module.
- Figure 1 shows a top view of a residential module according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a simplified top view of the residential module of figure 1 ;
- Figure 3 shows a top view of the residential module of figure 1 in a partially disassembled condition
- Figure 4 shows a floor of a building that comprises residential modules as shown in figure 1 ;
- Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a residential module according to the invention
- Figure 6 shows a floor of a building that comprises residential modules as shown in figure 5.
- the residential module 1 shown in figures 1 to 3 consists substantially of a loadbearing floor 2, a cover floor 3 and a number of wall panels, as will be explained later.
- the load-bearing floor 2 consists of five panels of cross-laminated timber that are installed horizontally next to each other and are attached to each other.
- the cover floor 3 consists of fifty-seven panels of OSB or plywood, a number of which have the same, rectangular shape.
- figure 1 shows a top view with the panels of the cover floor 3 present
- figure 3 shows a top view with the panels of the cover floor 3 removed.
- the wall panels 4,5 are mounted on the load-bearing floor 2 whereas the cover floor 3 only extends up against the first wall panels 4,4a.
- the wall panels comprise a number of first wall panels 4,4a that are made of crosslaminated timber and which together form the outer walls of the residential module 1 , and a number of second wall panels 5 that are made of cross-laminated timber and which form the inner walls. Because there is relatively large freedom relating to the exact position of the inner walls depending on the desired layout of the residential module 1, and the inner walls generally have no, or only a limited bearing function, with two exceptions as will become clear later, the second wall panels 5 are not discussed further. However, they are shown in the figures.
- the residential module 1 is not provided with a cover on the upperside of the wall panels 4,5, and the residential module 1 is thus open toward the top. This is the case because the residential module 1 is intended to be used stackingly with other residential modules 1, such that the load-bearing floor 2 of an overlying residential module 1 closes an underlying residential module 1 on the upperside.
- the first wall panels 4,4a together form eight straight sections 6-13 of the entire outer wall of the residential module 1.
- the first section 6 and the second section 7 form an angle a1 of 90° in relation to each other
- the second section 7 and the third section 8 form an angle a2 of 135° in relation to each other
- the third section 8 and the fourth section 9 form an angle a3 of 135° in relation to each other
- the fourth section 9 and the fifth section 10 form an angle a4 of 90° in relation to each other
- the fifth section 10 and the seventh section 12 form an angle a5 of 90° in relation to each other
- the seventh section 12 and the sixth section 11 form an angle a6 of 225° in relation to each other
- the sixth section 11 and the eighth section 13 form an angle a7 of 225° in relation to each other
- the first section 6 and the eighth section 13 form an angle a8 of 90° in relation to each other.
- All said angles a1-a10 are measured via the inside of the residential module 1.
- the aforementioned sections 6-13 have a length Lx (whereby x is a number from 1 to 8 is) as shown in table 1.
- the sections 6-13 also comprise interruptions to form passages for installing windows and/or doors, more specifically an opening 14 for an entrance door in the first section 6.
- Said sections 6-13 are therefore not all entirely formed by first wall panels 4,4a.
- first wall panels 4 are located within a section in each other's extension, such that the sections 6-13 are straight.
- Figure 2 is a simplified view of figure 1 in which for the sake of clarity only the sections of the outer walls and their angles are schematically shown.
- first wall panels 4,4a continue further in the direction of the inside of the residential module 1 than the relevant section of the outer wall which is formed by said first wall panels 4,4a. More specifically the seventh section 12 is formed by a first wall panel 4a which continues over a considerable distance past the intersection of the seventh section 12 and the sixth section 11 and which forms an inner wall of the residential module 1, and which is executed thicker than the second wall panels 5 and the first wall panels 4.
- an additional wall panel 15 is located which only forms an inner wall, but which is executed thickly, thicker than the second wall panels 5 and thicker than the first wall panels 4. Because the additional wall panel 15 and the first wall panel 4a which form the seventh section 12 are executed relatively thickly, said wall panels have a high compressive strength, higher than the other wall panels 4,5. Thanks to the additional wall panel 15 and the wall panel 4a which forms the seventh section 12, additional to the other wall panels, more specifically the first wall panels 4, a high bearing capacity of the whole residential module 1 obtained, such that a big number of residential modules 1 can be installed on top of each other.
- the aforementioned panels of cross-laminated timber 4,4a, 5 have the thicknesses and numbers of layers as specified in table 2.
- power points 16 are only provided in the cover floor 3.
- the wall panels 4, 4a, 5 are therefore free of recessed or surface-mounted power points or grooves for cabling.
- the provision of electric voltage to said power points 16 is obtained through power cables 17 that are laid between the load-bearing floor 2 and the cover floor 3 from a distribution box 18 to the power points 16, before the cover floor 3 is installed. Said power cables 18 can be seen in figure 3. After said power cables 18 are laid, the panels of the cover floor 3 are mounted by means of spacers, not shown in the figures, at a distance from the panels of the load-bearing floor 2.
- pipes for the supply and drainage of water are also incorporated in the space between the cover floor and the load-bearing floor 2, as well as ducts for climate control and/or air conditioning.
- said pipes and ducts are not shown in the figures.
- the residential modules 1 each have a triangular terrace 19.
- the residential modules 1 are considered as pre-fab residential modules 1 because the panels 2,3,4,5,15 are mechanically prefabricated and then transported in compact form to the construction site and composed into residential modules on site with a limited number of actions, such that a building with said residential modules 1 can be built quicker than a traditional building.
- a concrete vertical hollow column 21, or tube is built with, viewed in a horizontal crosssection, a regular octagonal form.
- openings 22 are provided to connect to the openings 14 for the outer doors of the residential modules 1.
- One such storey 23 is shown in figure 4.
- the desired number of storeys 23 depends on external circumstances such as ground stability and economic considerations, but will usually be between six and fifteen.
- the residential modules 1 are hereby installed such that their first section 6 faces a side of the column 21 and that every second section 7 faces a sixth section 11 of an adjacent residential module 1. In this way a practically tesselated configuration is obtained around the column 21.
- Said eight residential modules 1 are attached to the column 21 and each other with couplings. Said couplings do not need to be provided to be able transfer vertical forces, because the residential modules 1 are supported in vertical direction by a storey of underlying residential modules 1. The couplings are therefore only or substantially provided to transfer horizontal forces, more specifically wind load.
- a staircase 24 and for every floor a landing 25 are provided to obtain access to the residential modules 1, as shown in figure 4.
- the inner walls in any case the inner walls that are made of the second wall panels 5, of a residential module 1 can be omitted to form an access to the column 21.
- the column 21 With regard to the stability of the residential building the stability in horizontal direction is obtained by the column 21.
- the column 21 therefore needs to be designed to be able to resist the expected wind load.
- the column 21 has no function, or no significant function, for the stability in vertical direction, because the residential modules 1 , more specifically by their form and by the wall panels 4,4a that form the outer walls and the additional wall panel 15, are strong enough to be able to bear the weight of overlying residential modules 1.
- a thermal insulation layer will be applied to the outside of the parts of the residential module 1 that are exposed to the outer environment, and a sound insulation layer will be applied between residential modules 1. Said insulation layers are not shown in the figures.
- a building up to a height of five storeys can be built without an aforementioned column 21 , because the wind load resistance of residential modules 1 installed on top of each other and coupled to each other is then sufficiently high. If desired, optionally, such column 21 can of course also be used in such buildings.
- the residential modules 1 can be installed in rows next to each other to form a residential building.
- the terrace 19 and a part of the second section 7 of a residential module 1 are installed against a fifth section 10 of an adjacent residential module 1.
- the second embodiment of a residential module 1 shown in figure 5 differs from the residential module 1 described above because the opening 14 for the entrance door is provided on the level of the eighth section 13.
- This second embodiment therefore has no eighth section 13.
- the first section 6, sixth section 11 and seventh section 12 also have a different length, as shown in table 3.
- Said residential module 1 can be used to build a second embodiment of a residential building, with four residential modules 1 per storey 23, as shown in figure 6. To this end, the form of the column 21 is different to the column 21 of the residential building of figure 4.
- the column 21 of the second embodiment of the residential building is octagonal with angles of 45° and alternately has short sides and long sides.
- the openings 22 in the column 21 are located in the short sides.
- the residential modules 1 can be installed such that their sixth section 11 faces the long sides of the column 21 , the openings 14 for the entrance doors face the openings 22 in the column 21, and every first section 6 faces a fifth section 10 of an adjacent residential module 1.
- cover floors 3 and power points 16 of the residential modules 1 are not shown in figure 4, figure 5 and figure 6.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
Residential module (1), whereby the residential module (1) has outer walls at its sides, wherein the outer walls comprise a first section (6), a second section (7), a third section (8), a fourth section (9), a fifth section (10) and a sixth section (11), whereby, viewed in top view, the residential module (1) has the characteristics that each of the aforementioned sections (6,7,8,9,10,11) is straight, that the second section (7) is located adjoiningly to the first section (6), that the third section (8) is located adjoiningly to the second section (7), that the fourth section (9) is located adjoiningly to the third section (8), that the sixth section (11) is located adjoiningly to the first section (6), characterized in that the first section (6) and the second section (7) form an angle (a1) of 90° in relation to each other, that the second section (7) and the third section (8) form an angle (a2) of 135° in relation to each other, that the third section (8) and the fourth section (9) form an angle (a3) of 135° in relation to each other, that the fourth section (9) and the fifth section (10) form an angle (a4) of 90° in relation to each other, that the fifth section (10) and the sixth section (11) form an angle (a9) of 135° in relation to each other, that the sixth section (11) and the first section (6) form an angle (a10) of 135° in relation to each other, that the length (L5) of the fifth section (10) is at least 5% less than the length (L2) of the second section (7) and at least 5% less than the length (L4) of the fourth section (9).
Description
Residential module
The invention relates to a residential module, in particular a residential module which together with other identical residential modules can be used to form a residential building.
It is known to make residential modules partially or completely of cross-laminated timber. For example the SET building in Uburg/Amsterdam, the Mjostarnet building in Brumunddal and the HALIT building in Amsterdam consist largely of such residential modules.
Cross-laminated timber is a wood product that consists of three or more layers of glued wood, whereby the layers are installed on top each other in a crosswise manner. Crosslaminated timber is also known under the name of CLT.
However, the disadvantage of such known residential modules is that said modules can only bear a limited weight and without a steel or concrete support construction are consequently unsuitable to bear the weight of the residential modules built in storeys on top of each other. Providing good sound insulation is not easy either.
The known residential modules also have the disadvantage that grooves for cables, for example electrical cables, must be applied in the outer walls made of cross-laminated timber, which is a relatively expensive action and mechanically weakens the panels.
The purpose of the present invention is to solve or reduce these and other problems and relates to a residential module, whereby the residential module has outer walls, whereby the outer walls comprise a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section, whereby each of the aforementioned sections, viewed in a horizontal cross-section, is straight, whereby the second section is located adjoiningly to the first section, whereby the third section is located adjoiningly to the second section, whereby the fourth section is located adjoiningly to the third section, whereby the sixth section is located adjoiningly to the first section, whereby the first section and the second section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, whereby the second section and the third section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, whereby the third section and the fourth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, whereby the fourth section and the fifth section form an angle of
90° in relation to each other, whereby the fifth section and the sixth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, whereby the sixth section and the first section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, whereby each of the aforementioned angles between sections is an angle as viewed in a horizontal cross-section, whereby the horizontal length of the fifth section is at least 5% less than the horizontal length of the second section and the horizontal length of the fourth section.
In other words the invention relates to a residential module, whereby the residential module has outer walls at its sides, whereby the outer walls comprise a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section, whereby, viewed in top view, the residential module has the characteristics that each of the aforementioned sections is straight, that the second section is located adjoiningly to the first section, that the third section is located adjoiningly to the second section, that the fourth section is located adjoiningly to the third section, that the sixth section is located adjoiningly to the first section, that the first section and the second section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, that the second section and the third section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the third section and the fourth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the fourth section and the fifth section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other, that the fifth section and the sixth section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the sixth section and the first section form an angle of 135° in relation to each other, that the length of the fifth section is at least 5% less than the length of the second section and the fourth section.
It is noted hereby that the sections may also each comprise parts that are effectively a wall, but may also comprise parts that are openings, for example for installing windows or doors.
Preferably, the horizontal length of the fifth section is at least 10%, more preferably at least 15%, less than the horizontal length of the second section and the horizontal length of the fourth section.
The outer walls of such a residential module have a form with angles between the various sections which amount to a plurality of 45°, such that said outer walls can be easily fabricated, can be easily installed next to each other in different ways such that they tessellate or nearly tessellate, can form an indoor area with a high level of practical
utility, and be strong. In this way residential modules which are largely the same, and consequently can be largely fabricated from the same components, can be used in a linear way next to each other, or in a ring-shaped way with four or eight residential modules per storey, to build a residential building.
For the sake of completeness it is noted that the outer walls are the sidewalls of the residential module which jointly define the external form of the total of the inner spaces in the residential module.
In a preferred embodiment, the outer walls comprise a seventh section, whereby, viewed in top view, the seventh section is straight and the seventh section is located between the sixth section and the fifth section, and the seventh section and the fifth section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other.
In a preferred embodiment the aforementioned sections each comprise one or more wall panels made of cross-laminated timber and which, viewed in top view, extend in the direction in which the relevant section extends.
In a preferred embodiment the outer walls are straight wall panels made of crosslaminated timber. This is an ecological and economic way of fabricating said wall panels.
In a preferred embodiment the second section and sixth section are each formed by exactly one aforementioned wall panel.
In a preferred embodiment the aforementioned wall panels are free of recessed or surface-mounted power points. This avoids grooves having to be made in the wall panel for wiring, such that the wall panels can be made more cheaply and are stronger.
In a preferred embodiment, the residential module is provided with an additional wall panel made of cross-laminated timber, whereby, viewed in top view, the additional wall panel horizontally extends from the fourth section in the direction of the inside of the residential module and perpendicular to the direction in which the fourth section extends. Preferably, the additional wall panel has a greater compressive strength than the wall panels comprised in the first to sixth sections.
In a preferred embodiment, the seventh section comprises a wall panel which, viewed in top view, extends further in the direction of the inside of the residential module than the transition between the seventh section and the sixth section, whereby preferably the aforementioned wall panel comprised in the seventh section has a greater compressive strength than the wall panels comprised in the first to sixth sections.
In the two previously referred to preferred embodiments, the wall panel or the part thereof that extends in the direction of the inside of the residential module serves as a bearing wall which allows several residential modules to be installed on top of each other to form a residential building.
In a preferred embodiment the second section and the sixth section are outer walls which are free of one or more window and/or door openings.
In a preferred embodiment the fifth section is an outer wall which is free of one or more window and/or door openings.
In a preferred embodiment, viewed in top view, the length of the sixth section is greater than the length of the second section. This allows eight residential modules to be installed against each other, each time with the second section of a residential module against the sixth section of an adjacent residential module.
Preferably, the difference between the aforementioned length of the sixth section and the aforementioned length of the second section amounts to less than 10.0%, more preferably less than 5.0%, and even more preferably less than 2.0%, of the length of the sixth section.
In a preferred embodiment the outer walls comprise an eighth section, whereby, viewed in top view, the eighth section is straight and the eighth section is located adjoiningly to the sixth section and the first section, and the eighth section and the first section form an angle of 90° in relation to each other.
In a preferred embodiment, viewed in top view, the length of the fifth section is less than the length of the first section.
In a preferred embodiment, viewed in top view, the lengths of at least four sections from
the group formed by the first to sixth section are different in relation to each other, whereby the differences in relation to each other between the lengths of the aforementioned at least four sections each amount to at least 3% of the length of the longest section of the aforementioned at least four sections.
In a preferred embodiment the outer walls comprise exactly seven or exactly eight aforementioned straight sections.
In a preferred embodiment the residential module comprises a load-bearing floor and a cover floor, whereby the load-bearing floor consists of one or more floor panels made of cross-laminated timber, whereby the cover floor is applied on top of the load-bearing floor, whereby the residential module comprises power points that are applied in the cover floor and are electrically connected by means of power cables located between the cover floor and the load-bearing floor.
In a preferred embodiment the residential module is a pre-fab residential module.
Preferably, the wall panels are straight, flat panels.
In a second aspect the invention relates to a building that comprises at least two storeys, whereby the storeys each comprise at least two residential modules, whereby the residential modules that are part of an aforementioned storey are borne by one or more residential modules that are part of one or more underlying aforementioned storeys, whereby each of the aforementioned residential modules is a residential module which has outer walls on its sides, whereby the outer walls are made of wall panels that are made of cross-laminated timber.
The storeys are equivalent to floors of the building.
The aforementioned wall panels of the residential modules, with the exception of the residential modules in the upper storey, serve here as bearing walls that bear the weight of residential modules in one or more overlying storeys.
Consequently, without requiring a separate load-bearing frame, more storeys can be installed on top of each other than with the known residential modules.
For the sake of completeness it is noted that the outer walls are the sidewalls of a residential module which jointly define the external form of the total of the inner spaces in the residential module.
For the sake of completeness it is noted that the residential modules in the building according to the invention can be residential modules according to the invention but that this is not necessary.
In a preferred embodiment the residential modules in an aforementioned storey are located immediately, i.e. adjoiningly, above and/or immediately, i.e. adjoiningly, under the residential modules in another aforementioned storey.
In a preferred embodiment the residential modules in all aforementioned storeys, with the exception of the residential modules that are part of the lowest of the aforementioned storeys, are borne by residential modules that are part of underlying aforementioned storeys.
In a preferred embodiment the building comprises three or more aforementioned storeys and preferably six or more aforementioned storeys.
In a preferred embodiment the building comprises thirty or less aforementioned storeys, and preferably twenty or less aforementioned storeys.
In a preferred embodiment the building comprises a subconstruction which is designed to withstand horizontal forces, whereby the residential modules are attached to the subconstruction by means of coupling means that are designed to transfer horizontal forces.
Such horizontal forces are caused substantially by wind load on the building.
In this preferred embodiment the residential modules are not borne by the aforementioned subconstruction, but by underlying residential modules, and the subconstruction only serves to prevent deflection of the building in a horizontal direction, namely as a consequence of wind load.
In a preferred embodiment, the subconstruction comprises a vertical column or one or
more pillars, whereby preferably the column or the one or more pillars are made of concrete.
In a preferred embodiment the subconstruction comprises a vertical column with a central cavity, whereby the residential modules that are part of an aforementioned storey jointly encircle the column, whereby the residential modules are attached to the column by means of the aforementioned coupling means.
Commons facilities for the building, such as stairs, lifts, cables and pipes can be located in the central cavity.
In a preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention each one of the aforementioned residential modules is a residential module according to the invention.
In a preferred embodiment the column, viewed in top view, is an octagonal column with angles of 45° and eight straight sides, whereby the first section of each residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces a different aforementioned straight side of the column.
In a preferred embodiment the aforementioned storeys comprise exactly four aforementioned residential modules, whereby the first section of every residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces the fifth section of an adjacent residential module and whereby the sixth section of every residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces a different aforementioned straight side of the column.
In a preferred embodiment the aforementioned storeys comprise exactly eight of the aforementioned residential modules, whereby the second section of every residential module that is part of a certain aforementioned storey faces the sixth section of an adjacent residential module.
Consequently a fully continuous circle of residential modules is obtained in a storey.
In a preferred embodiment every residential module in the building according to the invention is characterised in that, viewed in top view, the length of the sixth section is greater than the length of the second section.
For the sake of completeness it is noted that the aforementioned angles between sections are the angles as measured from the inside of the residential module.
With the intention of better showing the characteristics of the invention, preferred embodiments of a residential module according to the invention are described hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 shows a top view of a residential module according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a simplified top view of the residential module of figure 1 ;
Figure 3 shows a top view of the residential module of figure 1 in a partially disassembled condition;
Figure 4 shows a floor of a building that comprises residential modules as shown in figure 1 ;
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a residential module according to the invention; Figure 6 shows a floor of a building that comprises residential modules as shown in figure 5.
The residential module 1 shown in figures 1 to 3 consists substantially of a loadbearing floor 2, a cover floor 3 and a number of wall panels, as will be explained later.
The load-bearing floor 2 consists of five panels of cross-laminated timber that are installed horizontally next to each other and are attached to each other.
The cover floor 3 consists of fifty-seven panels of OSB or plywood, a number of which have the same, rectangular shape. For the sake of completeness it is noted that figure 1 shows a top view with the panels of the cover floor 3 present, and figure 3 shows a top view with the panels of the cover floor 3 removed. The wall panels 4,5 are mounted on the load-bearing floor 2 whereas the cover floor 3 only extends up against the first wall panels 4,4a.
The wall panels comprise a number of first wall panels 4,4a that are made of crosslaminated timber and which together form the outer walls of the residential module 1 , and a number of second wall panels 5 that are made of cross-laminated timber and which form the inner walls.
Because there is relatively large freedom relating to the exact position of the inner walls depending on the desired layout of the residential module 1, and the inner walls generally have no, or only a limited bearing function, with two exceptions as will become clear later, the second wall panels 5 are not discussed further. However, they are shown in the figures.
In its standard embodiment the residential module 1 is not provided with a cover on the upperside of the wall panels 4,5, and the residential module 1 is thus open toward the top. This is the case because the residential module 1 is intended to be used stackingly with other residential modules 1, such that the load-bearing floor 2 of an overlying residential module 1 closes an underlying residential module 1 on the upperside.
Obviously, for the upper residential module 1 , a stacking of residential modules 1 is possible to close said upper residential module 1 on the upperside by means of an extra set of panels for a load-bearing floor 2.
The first wall panels 4,4a together form eight straight sections 6-13 of the entire outer wall of the residential module 1.
As can be viewed in figures 1 to 3, the first section 6 and the second section 7 form an angle a1 of 90° in relation to each other, the second section 7 and the third section 8 form an angle a2 of 135° in relation to each other, the third section 8 and the fourth section 9 form an angle a3 of 135° in relation to each other, the fourth section 9 and the fifth section 10 form an angle a4 of 90° in relation to each other, the fifth section 10 and the seventh section 12 form an angle a5 of 90° in relation to each other, the seventh section 12 and the sixth section 11 form an angle a6 of 225° in relation to each other, the sixth section 11 and the eighth section 13 form an angle a7 of 225° in relation to each other and the first section 6 and the eighth section 13 form an angle a8 of 90° in relation to each other.
Further, it is clear that the fifth section 10 and the sixth section 11 form an angle a9 of 135° in relation to each other and the sixth section 11 and the first section 6 form an angle a10 of 135° in relation to each other.
All said angles a1-a10 are measured via the inside of the residential module 1.
The aforementioned sections 6-13 have a length Lx (whereby x is a number from 1 to 8 is) as shown in table 1.
The sections 6-13 also comprise interruptions to form passages for installing windows and/or doors, more specifically an opening 14 for an entrance door in the first section 6.
Said sections 6-13 are therefore not all entirely formed by first wall panels 4,4a.
However, the first wall panels 4 are located within a section in each other's extension, such that the sections 6-13 are straight.
Figure 2 is a simplified view of figure 1 in which for the sake of clarity only the sections of the outer walls and their angles are schematically shown.
For the sake of completeness it is noted that a number of first wall panels 4,4a continue further in the direction of the inside of the residential module 1 than the relevant section of the outer wall which is formed by said first wall panels 4,4a. More specifically the seventh section 12 is formed by a first wall panel 4a which continues over a considerable distance past the intersection of the seventh section 12 and the sixth section 11 and which forms an inner wall of the residential module 1, and which is executed thicker than the second wall panels 5 and the first wall panels 4.
Perpendicular to the fourth section 9, an additional wall panel 15 is located which only forms an inner wall, but which is executed thickly, thicker than the second wall panels 5 and thicker than the first wall panels 4.
Because the additional wall panel 15 and the first wall panel 4a which form the seventh section 12 are executed relatively thickly, said wall panels have a high compressive strength, higher than the other wall panels 4,5. Thanks to the additional wall panel 15 and the wall panel 4a which forms the seventh section 12, additional to the other wall panels, more specifically the first wall panels 4, a high bearing capacity of the whole residential module 1 obtained, such that a big number of residential modules 1 can be installed on top of each other.
The aforementioned panels of cross-laminated timber 4,4a, 5 have the thicknesses and numbers of layers as specified in table 2.
In the residential module 1 power points 16 are only provided in the cover floor 3. The wall panels 4, 4a, 5 are therefore free of recessed or surface-mounted power points or grooves for cabling.
The provision of electric voltage to said power points 16 is obtained through power cables 17 that are laid between the load-bearing floor 2 and the cover floor 3 from a distribution box 18 to the power points 16, before the cover floor 3 is installed. Said power cables 18 can be seen in figure 3. After said power cables 18 are laid, the panels of the cover floor 3 are mounted by means of spacers, not shown in the figures, at a distance from the panels of the load-bearing floor 2.
For the sake of completeness it is noted that pipes for the supply and drainage of water are also incorporated in the space between the cover floor and the load-bearing
floor 2, as well as ducts for climate control and/or air conditioning. For the sake of clarity, said pipes and ducts are not shown in the figures.
The residential modules 1 each have a triangular terrace 19.
The residential modules 1 are considered as pre-fab residential modules 1 because the panels 2,3,4,5,15 are mechanically prefabricated and then transported in compact form to the construction site and composed into residential modules on site with a limited number of actions, such that a building with said residential modules 1 can be built quicker than a traditional building.
To form a residential building with the residential modules 1 described above, a concrete vertical hollow column 21, or tube, is built with, viewed in a horizontal crosssection, a regular octagonal form. In said column 21 openings 22 are provided to connect to the openings 14 for the outer doors of the residential modules 1.
Around said column 21 a desired number of storeys 23 or floors, with eight residential modules 1 on every storey 23, are installed. One such storey 23 is shown in figure 4. The desired number of storeys 23 depends on external circumstances such as ground stability and economic considerations, but will usually be between six and fifteen.
The residential modules 1 are hereby installed such that their first section 6 faces a side of the column 21 and that every second section 7 faces a sixth section 11 of an adjacent residential module 1. In this way a practically tesselated configuration is obtained around the column 21.
Said eight residential modules 1 are attached to the column 21 and each other with couplings. Said couplings do not need to be provided to be able transfer vertical forces, because the residential modules 1 are supported in vertical direction by a storey of underlying residential modules 1. The couplings are therefore only or substantially provided to transfer horizontal forces, more specifically wind load.
In the column 21, a staircase 24 and for every floor a landing 25 are provided to obtain access to the residential modules 1, as shown in figure 4.
Obviously in storeys 23 in which accesses to the residential building are desired, the inner walls, in any case the inner walls that are made of the second wall panels 5, of a residential module 1 can be omitted to form an access to the column 21.
With regard to the stability of the residential building the stability in horizontal direction is obtained by the column 21. The column 21 therefore needs to be designed to be able to resist the expected wind load. The column 21 has no function, or no significant function, for the stability in vertical direction, because the residential modules 1 , more specifically by their form and by the wall panels 4,4a that form the outer walls and the additional wall panel 15, are strong enough to be able to bear the weight of overlying residential modules 1.
Normally speaking, a thermal insulation layer will be applied to the outside of the parts of the residential module 1 that are exposed to the outer environment, and a sound insulation layer will be applied between residential modules 1. Said insulation layers are not shown in the figures.
It is noted that a building up to a height of five storeys can be built without an aforementioned column 21 , because the wind load resistance of residential modules 1 installed on top of each other and coupled to each other is then sufficiently high. If desired, optionally, such column 21 can of course also be used in such buildings.
Alternatively, the residential modules 1 can be installed in rows next to each other to form a residential building. Hereby the terrace 19 and a part of the second section 7 of a residential module 1 are installed against a fifth section 10 of an adjacent residential module 1.
The second embodiment of a residential module 1 shown in figure 5 differs from the residential module 1 described above because the opening 14 for the entrance door is provided on the level of the eighth section 13. This second embodiment therefore has no eighth section 13. In this second embodiment the first section 6, sixth section 11 and seventh section 12 also have a different length, as shown in table 3.
Said residential module 1 can be used to build a second embodiment of a residential building, with four residential modules 1 per storey 23, as shown in figure 6. To this end, the form of the column 21 is different to the column 21 of the residential building of figure 4.
The column 21 of the second embodiment of the residential building is octagonal with angles of 45° and alternately has short sides and long sides. The openings 22 in the column 21 are located in the short sides. The residential modules 1 can be installed such that their sixth section 11 faces the long sides of the column 21 , the openings 14 for the entrance doors face the openings 22 in the column 21, and every first section 6 faces a fifth section 10 of an adjacent residential module 1.
For the sake of clarity, the cover floors 3 and power points 16 of the residential modules 1 are not shown in figure 4, figure 5 and figure 6.
Claims
1.- Residential module (1), whereby the residential module (1) has outer walls at its sides, characterised in that the outer walls comprise a first section (6), a second section (7), a third section (8), a fourth section (9), a fifth section (10) and a sixth section (11), whereby, viewed in top view, the residential module (1) has the characteristics that each of the aforementioned sections (6,7,8,9,10,11) is straight, that the second section (7) is located adjoiningly to the first section (6), that the third section (8) is located adjoiningly to the second section (7), that the fourth section (9) is located adjoiningly to the third section (8), that the sixth section (11) is located adjoiningly to the first section (6), that the first section (6) and the second section (7) form an angle (a1) of 90° in relation to each other, that the second section (7) and the third section (8) form an angle (a2) of 135° in relation to each other, that the third section (8) and the fourth section (9) form an angle (a3) of 135° in relation to each other, that the fourth section (9) and the fifth section (10) form an angle (a4) of 90° in relation to each other, that the fifth section (10) and the sixth section (11) form an angle (a9) of 135° in relation to each other, that the sixth section (11) and the first section (6) form an angle (a10) of 135° in relation to each other, that the length (L5) of the fifth section (10) is at least 5% less than the length (L2) of the second section (7) and at least 5% less than the length (L4) of the fourth section (9).
2.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the outer walls comprise a seventh section (12), whereby, viewed in top view, the seventh section (12) is straight and the seventh section (12) is located between the sixth section (11) and the fifth section (10) and the seventh section (12) and the fifth section (10) form an angle (a5) of 90° in relation to each other.
3.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the outer walls are made of wall panels (4, 4a) that are made of cross-laminated timber.
4.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the second section (7) and sixth section (11) are each formed by exactly one aforementioned wall panel (4).
5.- Residential module (1) according to claim 2 and one of the claims 3 or 4,
characterised in that the seventh section (12) comprises an aforementioned wall panel (4a) which, viewed in top view, extends further in the direction of the inside of the residential module (1) than the transition between the seventh section (12) and the sixth section (11).
6.- Residential module (1) according to claim 5, characterised in that the aforementioned wall panel (4a) which is comprised in the seventh section (12) has a greater compressive strength than the wall panels (4) comprised in the first to sixth sections (6,7,8,9,10,11).
7.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the second section (7) and the sixth section (11) are outer walls that are free of one or more window and/or door openings.
8.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that, viewed in top view, the length (L6) of the sixth section (11) is greater than the length (L2) of the second section (7).
9.- Residential module (1) according to claim 8, characterised in that the difference between the length (L6) of the sixth section (11) and the length (L2) of the second section (7) amounts to less than 10% of the length (L6) of the sixth section (11).
10.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the outer walls comprise an eighth section (13), whereby, viewed in top view, the eighth section (13) is straight and the eighth section (13) is located adjoiningly to the sixth section (11) and the first section (6) and the eighth section (13) and the first section (6) form an angle (a8) of 90° in relation to each other.
11.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the residential module (1) is provided with an additional wall panel (15) that is made of cross-laminated timber, whereby, viewed in top view, the additional wall panel (15), from the fourth section (9) extends in the direction of the inside of the residential module (1) and perpendicular to the direction in which the fourth section (9) extends, whereby the additional wall panel (15) has a compressive strength that is equal to, or greater than, the compressive strength of the wall panels (4) comprised in the first to sixth sections (6,7,8,9,10,11).
12. - Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that, viewed in top view, the lengths (L1 , L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) of at least four sections from the group formed by the first to sixth section (6,7,8,9,10,11) are different relative to each other, whereby the differences relative to each other between the lengths (L1 , L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) of the aforementioned at least four sections each amount to at least 3% of the length (L1 ,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6) of the longest section of the aforementioned at least four sections.
13. - Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the outer walls comprise exactly seven or exactly eight aforementioned straight sections (6,7,8,9,10,11 ,12,13).
14.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the residential module (1) comprises a load-bearing floor (2) and a cover floor (3), whereby the load-bearing floor (2) consists of one or more floor panels that are made of cross-laminated timber, whereby the cover floor (3) is applied on top of the load-bearing floor (2), whereby the residential module (1) comprises power points (16) that are applied in the cover floor (3) and which are electrically connected by means of power cables (18) located between the cover floor (3) and the load-bearing floor (2).
15.- Residential module (1) according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the residential module is a pre-fab residential module (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE20235073A BE1031315B1 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Living module |
| BE20235074A BE1031314B1 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Building |
| PCT/NL2024/050022 WO2024162843A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-01-18 | Residential module |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4658865A1 true EP4658865A1 (en) | 2025-12-10 |
Family
ID=89723313
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24702209.8A Pending EP4658865A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-01-18 | Residential module |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4658865A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024162843A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2456620A1 (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1976-08-12 | Iii Emile Joseph Lacoste | Prefabricated component octagonal unit building - with common wall slabs and rectangular connecting spaces between adjacent room units |
| DE19917302C2 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2003-09-25 | Franz Krennleitner | honeycomb building |
| FR2982298B1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2014-04-04 | Zigzag G | MODULAR HOUSING. |
-
2024
- 2024-01-18 EP EP24702209.8A patent/EP4658865A1/en active Pending
- 2024-01-18 WO PCT/NL2024/050022 patent/WO2024162843A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024162843A1 (en) | 2024-08-08 |
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